EXPERIENCE YOUR Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands AMERICA...South Florida Natural Resources Center...

South Florida Natural Resources Center

EXPERIENCE

YOUR

AMERICA

Moving Forward: Phase II Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands

June 16, 2020Presentation to the BBRRCT

Melody Hunt


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➢ Salinity & Flow Targets

➢ Dry Season Flows & Targets/ Example

➢ Water Delivery

➢ 2013 Pilot Project


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AMERICA

C-100A Spur Canal

RESTORATION

Phase II: BBSEERSIntegration BBCW & C111 Spreader

• New Information• Targets & PM Development and

Updates• Water Delivery• Alternatives (New and Existing)• Water Sources • Regional Initiatives, Activities &

Restoration• Storage• Water Quality Considerations

B i s c a y n eB a y

FLORIDA CITY CANAL

NORTH CANAL

Card Sound

Barnes Sound A T L A N T I CO C E A N

Miami-Dade County

EvergladesNational Park

1

FL T

PK

Homestead

1

C-111

L-3

1E

C-103

C-102

L-3

1N

L-3

1W

C-1

W

C-1

10

C-1

C-1

N

C-100

C-103N

C-1

11E

C-113

C-100C

C-1

00A

C-1

02N

C-103S

MILITARY CANAL

L-3

1E

80°16'11"W

80°16'11"W

80°26'11"W

80°26'11"W

80°36'11"W

80°36'11"W

25

°34

'56

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25

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25

°24

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25

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Legend CERP Project Boundaries

Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands

C-111 Spreader Canal

Everglades National Park

GULF OFMEXICO

ATLANTICOCEAN

Area ofInterest


EXPERIENCE

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AMERICABBCW PHASE I

1. DeeringStatus: Complete

2. Cutler WetlandsStatus: To Be Constructed

3. L31 E FlowwayStatus: In Progress


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TARGETSQualitative

Flows “Restore and improve quantity, quality, timing and distribution of freshwater to Biscayne Bay, including BNP for the life of the project”

Salinity “Re-establish productive nursery habitat along the shoreline of Biscayne Bay”

“Redistribute freshwater flow to minimize point source discharges at canals to improve freshwater and estuarine habitat.”


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AMERICAWATER DELIVERY

FLOWSExisting water and operations (Annex D of PIR)

Some localized adaptive measures at BBCW features (e.g. pumping changed from pulsed to continuous at Deering S-700 ) →

Improvement in downstream wetland and nearshore salinity conditions.


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TARGETSRESTORATION & MAINTENANCE

Ecological & Hydrologic Targets for Western Biscayne National Park, 2006-2008

➢ Targets include restoration and critical threshold

➢ Ecological targets used to develop salinity targets- have a timing component

➢ Different flow estimates presented for variety of salinity targets

– Estimates never been used as targets

– Groundwater limited data availability and low relative to surface flows

– Based historical data analyses, model estimates

– Flow estimates are presented average annual flow volumes


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AMERICA

Biscayne National Park target(s) are based on salinity in Coastal Mangrove Zone (CMZ) and Western Bay Zone (WB)

Mesohaline (5-18) habitat • Seasonal RECOVER:

• 250 m (dry)• 500 m (wet)

• NPS: > 10,000 acres

RESTORATIONTARGETS


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AMERICAECOLOGY AND SALINITYMajority of these species prefer salinities 5-20 ➢ Late dry season - early wet season: Average daily

salinity from 15 to 25 WBZ ➢ Late Wet Season: < 20 WBZ and 0-5 CMZ➢ Never exceed 30 WBZ

Source: Ecological Targets for Western Biscayne Bay ; SFNRC Technical Series 2006


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Tentatively Selected Plan

Deering Estate Component

C-100A Spur Canal

CRITICAL THRESHOLD

For Western Bay Zone salinity <30

There is no current strategy in place or practice to maintain critical threshold


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AMERICAExample Nearshore Salinity, Rainfall, and Flows

2015 – 2018

➢ Long-term Rainfall Record-120 + years

➢ Nearshore Salinity – Monthly Average

➢ Structure Flow – Monthly Total

Source; M Hunt, Freshwater Inflows to Biscayne National Park Are All Flows Equal?, GEER 2019


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NOAA/ NCDC long- term data set- from 1897

Uses composite of rain stations

REGIONAL RAINFALL

Florida Divisions for climatic dataset


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ANNUAL RAINFALL SOUTH FLORIDA


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30

40

50

60

70

80

0 20 40 60 80 100

Tota

l A

nn

ual R

ain

fall (

inch

es)

Percentile

Total Annual Rainfall

Percentiles Division 6 (1895-2018)

2018

2015

2016

2017

average annual rain = 57.28 (2008)

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

0 20 40 60 80 100

Tota

l A

nn

ual R

ain

fall (

inch

es)

Percentile

Total Annual Rainfall Percentiles

Division 5 (1895-2018)

20182017

2016

2015

Average annual rain = 53” (2015)

Annual Differences: SE Coastal (6) & Everglades/ SW Coast (5)

2017, 2018 rank similar2015, 2016 rank different


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ANNUAL RAINFALL

30

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0 50 100

SE Coastal - Division 6

2018

2015

2016

2017

Average = 57.27 “(2008)

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

1895191519351955197519952015

DIFFERENCE FROM AVERAGE

PERCENTILE RANK

General Year Characteristics2015: “dry” Wet Season2016: “wet” Dry Season (Jan) 2017: IRMA2018: “ Dry” with June very wet

✓High Degree Annual Variability


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Daily Salinities Western Bay Zone• Threshold < 30 (Always)• Restoration 15 - 25 (March –

Aug.)

Salinity Targets

➢ Show results of Flows at S20F and Salinity at BISC 16

➢ Used 4 years flows from major structures

➢ Nearshore Salinities ➢ Compared with Salinity

Targets

Monthly Flows - Monthly Salinities

FLOW & SALINITY


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AMERICAFLOW & SALINITY

Flows S20F

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Flo

w S

um

Acre

Fee

t/M

on

th

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

Salinity Bisc 16

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Salin

ity

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

✓Monthly Flows throughout year where minimum salinity met (2016, 2018)


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AMERICAINFLOWS: ANNUAL 2015-2018

(K

acre-f

t)

✓ 2016 and 2017,2018 Comparable annual canal inflows despite different annual rainfall and salinity


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AMERICAINFLOWS: JANUARY- MAY

Flows through dry season each structure: 2015 and 2017 comparable - high salinities2018 and 2016 higher – better salinity conditions

(K

acre-f

t)

Salinity Bisc 16

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019S

alin

ity

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


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AMERICASUMMARY➢ Low annual inflow and

rainfall but met nearshore salinity targets (2016, 2018)

➢ Years with low dry season inflow will not meet critical thresholds for nearshore salinity

➢Need Monthly Flow Targets not Annual Flow

30

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70

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0 50 100

Division 6

2018

2015

2016

2017

Average = 57.27 “(2008)

Salinity Bisc 16

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Salin

ity

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


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Cutler Wetlands Component

MINIMUM DRY SEASON INFLOWS

Minimum flow and level (MFL) for coastal systems specify dry season inflows

Biscayne Bay is the only coastal system in South Florida that does not have an MFL established

Last effort in 2008 - 2009, Oct 2008 Peer review conducted – hypersalinlityidentified as key concern for Biscayne Bay; no action taken


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AMERICAWATER RESERVATION

Adopted by SFWMD governing board June 13, 2013

Rule 40E-10.061, FAC became effective July 21, 2013

What the Water Reservation does: Reserves existing annual surface water in canals that input to BBCW


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WHAT RESERVATION DOESN’T DO• Establish an operating

regime

• Provide drought protection

• Ensure the fish and wildlife goals or project goals are achieved

• Establish critical dry season inflows

• Account for groundwater withdrawls


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DRY SEASON FLOWS PILOT PROJECT 2013

• Proof of Concept

• Objective to meet Critical threshold –prevent >30


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AMERICADELIVERY PATH

One test was conducted from November 20, 2012 through December 4, 2012. Water was released from Water Conservation Area 3A (WCA 3A) into the South Miami-Dade Conveyance System (i.e. L-31N Canal), and into the western C-1 Canal, ultimately discharging at the coastal outfall, S-21, near Black Point.

Path of supplemental water deliveries to Biscayne Bay used to deliver water to S-21. Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental

Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013


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AMERICASalinity and Flows Before, During and After Test

Source: Pilot Project Tests for Supplemental Deliveries to Biscayne Bay, 2013


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AMERICASALINTY PRIOR TO

TESTDepiction of salinity in the nearshore area of Biscayne Bay based on weekly average salinity for November 4-10, 2012.



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AMERICASALINITY DURING TEST

Depiction of salinity in the nearshore area of Biscayne Bay based on weekly average salinity for December 2-8, 2012.



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AMERICASALINITY AFTER TEST

Depiction of salinity in the nearshore area of Biscayne Bay based on weekly average salinity for January 20-26, 2012.



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AMERICATIMING“Restore and improve quantity, quality,

timing and distribution of freshwater to Biscayne Bay, including BNP for the life of the project”

Alternatives that provide

➢Dry Season Water Delivery/ Operations

➢Water Storage

➢Sources


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AMERICATARGETS

Target Flows for coastal areas

➢Monthly or seasonal targets that are consistent with and on same timescale of ecological / salinity targets, include dry season flows


EXPERIENCE

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AMERICAThank you!

Melody Hunt

[email protected]

EXPERIENCE YOUR Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands AMERICA...South Florida Natural Resources Center...

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