Experience in new RES technologies
Transcript of Experience in new RES technologies
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Experience in new RES technologies Experience in new RES technologies in non interconnected systemsin non interconnected systems
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
New RES Technologies in non Interconnected Systems
Hybrid / Storage plantsHybrid / Storage plants
Concentrated Solar Thermal Plants (CSP)Concentrated Solar Thermal Plants (CSP)
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
• Volatile Primal RES
• Storage• Controllable
Generation
• Volatile Primal RES
• Storage• Controllable
Generation
Concepts
• Higher RES penetration/ Less RES curtailments
• Implicit Control of RES• Improve Grid Ancillary Services (AS)
– Reduce requirements or– Induce more capability
• Less Fossil fuel generation– CO2 emissions – dependency on imported fuels
• Substitution of conventional firm capacity
• Higher RES penetration/ Less RES curtailments
• Implicit Control of RES• Improve Grid Ancillary Services (AS)
– Reduce requirements or– Induce more capability
• Less Fossil fuel generation– CO2 emissions – dependency on imported fuels
• Substitution of conventional firm capacity
Goals
Hybrid / Storage Plants
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Operational Principles
GRID
Demand
ConventionalGeneration
GRIDRES “Storage”“Discharger”
“Charger”
Filter
Surplus above demand
Volatility
Uncorrelatedwith demand
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Common Example:Wind/Pump Storage/Hydro
GRID
Pump/Hydro
Storage
Wind park
Wind park
StorageNot necessarily at the same
or neighbor locationsNot necessarily at the same
or neighbor locations
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Variety and Complexity of Projects
RES Plant(s)
Subproject
RES Plant(s)
Subproject
Storage Facilities
Subproject
Storage Facilities
Subproject
ControllablePlant(s)
Subproject
ControllablePlant(s)
Subproject
• Sources allocation and availability• Design and construction of plants and storage facilities. Selection of
units and technical characteristics. Variety of technical options.• Connection to grid.• Communication and control.• Other works (Civil works, constructions, etc)
• Sources allocation and availability• Design and construction of plants and storage facilities. Selection of
units and technical characteristics. Variety of technical options.• Connection to grid.• Communication and control.• Other works (Civil works, constructions, etc)
Technical Study: One year hourly basis analysis comparing system operation with/without the plant
Technical Study: One year hourly basis analysis comparing system operation with/without the plant
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Special issues in project design
PrimalRES
PrimalRES
StorageStorage
ControllableProduction
ControllableProduction
• Source allocation. One year hourly data• Plant design and energy efficiency analysis
• Technical requirements for pump units (i.e. “charger”)
• Synchronization of storage to RES availability. Capability of simultaneous storage/production
• Minimization of grid use for storage. • Availability and preservation of storage mean (water
etc)
• Capacity guaranteed by mixing RES and controllable units
• Dispatch of available energy on daily load curve. • Technical requirements for controllable units.
Provision of ancillary services
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Submitted Projectsunder evaluation for licensing (1)
50 MWWind Parks
80MW Batteries
80 MW Guaranteed
Capacity
312 MW Wind Parks
CRETECRETE
316MWHydro Turbines
Pumps
241 MW Guaranteed
Capacity
A capacity limit analysis* concluded that 250 ΜW of guaranteed capacity can be integrated to the Cretan system by 2012.
(*) NTUA, 2008
A capacity limit analysis* concluded that 250 ΜW of guaranteed capacity can be integrated to the Cretan system by 2012.
(*) NTUA, 2008
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (3)
49 MW Wind Parks49 MW Wind Parks
RHODESRHODES
48 MW Hydro Turb./Pumps48 MW Hydro Turb./Pumps
3366 MW Guaranteed CapacityMW Guaranteed Capacity
33 MW Wind Parks33 MW Wind Parks
OTHER ISLANDSOTHER
ISLANDS
24,4 MW Hydro Turb. 28,8 MW Pumps
24,4 MW Hydro Turb. 28,8 MW Pumps
24,424,4 MW Guaranteed CapacityMW Guaranteed Capacity
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Characteristics of Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (1)
•Wind Parks Location: • Mostly near the hydro plant. • For projects of large capacity, dispersed
•Wind Parks Location: • Mostly near the hydro plant. • For projects of large capacity, dispersed
• Storage synchronization to wind power : • Many projects use hydraulic bifurcators / manifolds or two penstocks• One project uses variable speed Pumps
• Storage synchronization to wind power : • Many projects use hydraulic bifurcators / manifolds or two penstocks• One project uses variable speed Pumps
• Use of conventional power to supplement storage : • Far under the limit of 30% annually.• Storage available for at least one day to provide guaranteed power.• Analysis of failure to provide guaranteed power under assumption of
unavailable conventional power.
• Use of conventional power to supplement storage : • Far under the limit of 30% annually.• Storage available for at least one day to provide guaranteed power.• Analysis of failure to provide guaranteed power under assumption of
unavailable conventional power.
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Characteristics of Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (2)
• Ancillary Services and Technical characteristics• Low technical minimum• Fast startup and high ramp rates• Most projects are capable of AGC
• Ancillary Services and Technical characteristics• Low technical minimum• Fast startup and high ramp rates• Most projects are capable of AGC
• Capacity is Guaranteed by:• Using only controllable units• Very few proposals of mixing 50%-50% RES with controllable units.
• Capacity is Guaranteed by:• Using only controllable units• Very few proposals of mixing 50%-50% RES with controllable units.
• Scheduling• Peak Load. Substitution of peak thermal units down to technical
minimum, or shut down if possible.• Adjustment of guaranteed power in many hours. Equivalent guaranteed
energyNote: Scheduling as proposed in each project is indicative. Primal key is to
satisfy a daily energy requirement by grid operator
• Scheduling• Peak Load. Substitution of peak thermal units down to technical
minimum, or shut down if possible.• Adjustment of guaranteed power in many hours. Equivalent guaranteed
energyNote: Scheduling as proposed in each project is indicative. Primal key is to
satisfy a daily energy requirement by grid operator
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Characteristics of Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (3)
•Storage reservoirs and water resources availability• Most projects consist of new reservoirs constructed by the producers• Few projects propose to exploit already existing dams or reservoirs• Most projects provide detailed data for initial fill, losses, and refill• Most projects provide preliminary studies how to cover annual needs in
water (mostly rain drainage and/or drills)
•Storage reservoirs and water resources availability• Most projects consist of new reservoirs constructed by the producers• Few projects propose to exploit already existing dams or reservoirs• Most projects provide detailed data for initial fill, losses, and refill• Most projects provide preliminary studies how to cover annual needs in
water (mostly rain drainage and/or drills)
• Communication and control• Control centers and SCADA systems at Wind parks and hydro plants• Communication with Grid Operator’s LFC
• Communication and control• Control centers and SCADA systems at Wind parks and hydro plants• Communication with Grid Operator’s LFC
Characteristics and design proposals presented by each project are under evaluation. Open issues to be resolved are presented in next slides
Characteristics and design proposals presented by each project are under evaluation. Open issues to be resolved are presented in next slides
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Legislative Framework for Hybrid Plants
Central Concepts
Additional criteriaFor hybrid plants
Central Concepts
Additional criteriaFor hybrid plants
Law 3468/2006
• Details for submission of Hybrid plants projects
• Quantification of additional Criteria
• Guide for the technical study
• Details on pricing • Other issues on
evaluation and licensing
• Details for submission of Hybrid plants projects
• Quantification of additional Criteria
• Guide for the technical study
• Details on pricing • Other issues on
evaluation and licensing
Regulation for RES Licensing
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Legislative Framework (2)Central Concepts
Guaranteed Capacity.Definition of size, sources mix and how many hours daily
Guaranteed Capacity.Definition of size, sources mix and how many hours daily
11
Pricing for Energy and CapacityPricing for Energy and Capacity22
Storage Size/ Minimum Volume reserved for emergenciesMinimum possible usage of conventional energy for storage
Storage Size/ Minimum Volume reserved for emergenciesMinimum possible usage of conventional energy for storage
33
Sources Availability/ Use conventional power for storageSources Availability/ Use conventional power for storage44
Cooperation of various subsystems/Consistency with gridCooperation of various subsystems/Consistency with grid55
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Legislative Framework (3)Additional Criteria for Evaluation
Sufficiency of primal RES, Emergency reserve, Supplemental storage from grid (max 30% annually)
Sufficiency of primal RES, Emergency reserve, Supplemental storage from grid (max 30% annually)
11
Origin of data used in the technical economic analysis.Compatibility with grid operator data
Origin of data used in the technical economic analysis.Compatibility with grid operator data
22
Reduction of conventional generation (min 40% of RES)Effects on other RES plants
Reduction of conventional generation (min 40% of RES)Effects on other RES plants
33
Availability of sources used (water etc) apart from primal RES potential
Availability of sources used (water etc) apart from primal RES potential
44
55
Consistency with grid / Flexibility, control and synchronizationbetween RES/storage/production
Grid Operator’s opinion
Consistency with grid / Flexibility, control and synchronizationbetween RES/storage/production
Grid Operator’s opinion
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Issues to be resolved on hybrid Projects
• Quantification of guaranteed hours for hybrid plants. Concept of Guaranteed energy
• Quantification of emergency storage criteria, depending on system condition and contingencies
• Ancillary services requirements and specifications• Penalties for systematic failure to provide guaranteed
capacity• Rules in mixing sources to provide guaranteed power• Tolerance of deviations of pumps when following wind
power volatility• Detailed instructions and templates for the technical
economic analysis.
• Quantification of guaranteed hours for hybrid plants. Concept of Guaranteed energy
• Quantification of emergency storage criteria, depending on system condition and contingencies
• Ancillary services requirements and specifications• Penalties for systematic failure to provide guaranteed
capacity• Rules in mixing sources to provide guaranteed power• Tolerance of deviations of pumps when following wind
power volatility• Detailed instructions and templates for the technical
economic analysis.
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
• 4 Main technologies– Parabolic Troughs– Solar Tower– Stirling Dish– Fresnel
• Storage– Up to few hours– Salt or steam
• Steam Turbines/Generators• Secondary fuel as supplement
• 4 Main technologies– Parabolic Troughs– Solar Tower– Stirling Dish– Fresnel
• Storage– Up to few hours– Salt or steam
• Steam Turbines/Generators• Secondary fuel as supplement
International Experience on CSPInternational Experience on CSP
Concentrated Solar Thermal Plants
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Special Issues in project design
Primal SourcePrimal Source
OptionalStorage
OptionalStorage
ControllableProduction
ControllableProduction
• Direct Irradiation. Source allocation and availability (special requirements for the installation area and land).
• Plant design and energy efficiency analysis.
• Technical characteristics of size, preservation capability, charging and discharging rates, losses etc.
• Synchronization of storage to RES availability and to controllable production.
• Use of supplemental power for storage.• Energy management to avoid curtailments.
• Technical characteristics of controllable units. Provision of ancillary services.
• Options for reducing intra-day volatilities.
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
CRETE273 MW
CRETE273 MW
Rhodes110 MW
Rhodes110 MW
Towertech.
128 MW
Towertech.
128 MW
Projects SubmittedUnder licensing procedure
ParabolicTroughs tech.
255 MW
ParabolicTroughs tech.
255 MW
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Characteristics of Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing
Storage• Some projects have storage to control power for few hours ahead (half
to 4 hours).
Storage• Some projects have storage to control power for few hours ahead (half
to 4 hours).
Usage of supplemental fuel• Plant’s startup procedure.• Smooth ramping, under irradiance volatility (cloudy days).• Storage preservation.
Usage of supplemental fuel• Plant’s startup procedure.• Smooth ramping, under irradiance volatility (cloudy days).• Storage preservation.
Additional information and details on technical issues have beenrequested for many projects.
– Storage availability and capability.– Ability to control of generation.
Additional information and details on technical issues have beenrequested for many projects.
– Storage availability and capability.– Ability to control of generation.
Characteristics and design proposals presented by each project are under evaluation. Open issues to be resolved are presented in next slides
Characteristics and design proposals presented by each project are under evaluation. Open issues to be resolved are presented in next slides
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Issues on CSP Projects
• CSP projects submitted are not designed as hybrid plants– No capacity guarantee/No storage documentation/ No tech analysis
• No capacity fee can be applied• Self consumption from grid is allowed for auxiliary loads, not
for storage needs• Open Issue: Use of supplement fuel for storage and operation• Open Issue: Ancillary services requirements and specifications
Since technology provides options for controlling power output, it is recommended to design projects to this concept.
In this way additional grid AS requirements, imposed by CSP, or CSP curtailments can be significantly reduced.
• CSP projects submitted are not designed as hybrid plants– No capacity guarantee/No storage documentation/ No tech analysis
• No capacity fee can be applied• Self consumption from grid is allowed for auxiliary loads, not
for storage needs• Open Issue: Use of supplement fuel for storage and operation• Open Issue: Ancillary services requirements and specifications
Since technology provides options for controlling power output, it is recommended to design projects to this concept.
In this way additional grid AS requirements, imposed by CSP, or CSP curtailments can be significantly reduced.
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Future Improvements, Considerations& general issues to be resolved
• RES penetration factor and curtailments. • Scheduling when various technologies are
present together (wind, pv, hybrid, CSP)• Capacity limit analysis for integration of
various technologies and sources in each system– Technologies may be Complementary or
Competitive !!
• Evaluation guide for new RES technologies and Hybrid plants
• RES penetration factor and curtailments. • Scheduling when various technologies are
present together (wind, pv, hybrid, CSP)• Capacity limit analysis for integration of
various technologies and sources in each system– Technologies may be Complementary or
Competitive !!
• Evaluation guide for new RES technologies and Hybrid plants
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Legislative FrameworkForthcoming Regulation
Islands’ Grid Operation Code (*)Islands’ Grid Operation Code (*)
Islands’ Power Exchange Code (*)Islands’ Power Exchange Code (*)
PPA Templates (*)PPA Templates (*)(*) Currently: under development by Grid Operator
Next Steps: Final Opinion by RAE, Decision by Ministry
(*) Currently: under development by Grid OperatorNext Steps: Final Opinion by RAE, Decision by Ministry
• Scheduling operations. Daily program, modifications, Scheduling of guaranteed power, etc
• RTD Operations, deviations and ancillary services• Dispatching controllable, non-controllable resources• Security requirements and rules
• Scheduling operations. Daily program, modifications, Scheduling of guaranteed power, etc
• RTD Operations, deviations and ancillary services• Dispatching controllable, non-controllable resources• Security requirements and rules
• Formulas for energy and capacity payments• Penalties• Rules for exchanges
• Formulas for energy and capacity payments• Penalties• Rules for exchanges
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Thank you for your attention!Thank you for your attention!
Andrew VlachosElectrical & Computer Eng., Phd
Scientific staff,Non Interconnected Islands Dept.
+30 210 [email protected]
132 Pireos str., 118 54 Athens, Greece
Tel. +30 210 3727400 Fax. +30 210 3727400www.rae.gr - [email protected]
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Concepts and GoalsConcepts and Goals
New RES Technologies in non Interconnected Systems
Plant design special issuesPlant design special issuesOperational principlesOperational principles
Design Complexity & special IssuesDesign Complexity & special Issues
Submitted projectsSubmitted projects
Characteristics of submitted projectsCharacteristics of submitted projects
Legislative frameworkLegislative framework
Open issues to be resolvedOpen issues to be resolved
Submitted projectsSubmitted projects
Open issues to be resolvedOpen issues to be resolved
Future improvementsFuture improvements
i n d e xi n d e x
Andreas Vlachos. Experience in new RES technologies, in non interconnected systems. ENERTECH ‘09
Submitted Projects under evaluation for licensing (3)
• 1 project is under construction • 2 projects are under environmental
evaluation• 5 Projects are under Grid Operators’ opinion
• Rest of projects are under evaluation at RAE– 10 projects are expected to be sent to Grid
Operator by end of year– 5 identical projects with batteries storage
• 1 project is under construction • 2 projects are under environmental
evaluation• 5 Projects are under Grid Operators’ opinion
• Rest of projects are under evaluation at RAE– 10 projects are expected to be sent to Grid
Operator by end of year– 5 identical projects with batteries storage