Expanding Horizons and

Imperialism in the Pacific

Chapter 22, Sections 1&2

Isolationism Noninvolvement in

world affairs

Expansionism Expanding territory to seek land and better

opportunities

Imperialism When

powerful nations exercise economic and political control over weaker nations.

Annexation Adding on

territory

Spheres of Influence Sections of

China where each foreign nation enjoyed special rights and powers

Open Door policy Each foreign nation in China could trade

freely in the other nations’ sphere of influence.

Washington’s Warning Washington warned Americans to avoid

permanent alliances with other countries.

Alaska – Seward’s Folly The U.S. paid

$7.2 million for Alaska.

People thought Alaska was a worthless, barren, icebound land

Monroe Doctrine Warned Europe not

to establish new colonies in the Americas

Stated that it was the particular right of the U.S. to carry on trade with nations in that region.

American Sea Power Thayer wanted to improve and enlarge the

navy. He argued that sea power would protect

shipping and provide access to world markets.

Reasons for Expansion The need for additional sources of raw

materials The need to expand trade to find new

markets for American goods

Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands lay

about 2,000 miles west of California.

Americans controlled most of the land and businesses. The influenced Hawaiian

politics Served as advisers to the

ruling family

Pearl Harbor In return for renewal of the trade

agreement, King Kalakaua allowed a naval base at Pearl Harbor to be built by the U.S.

Tariffs on Sugar Hawaiian sugar planters plotted to make

Hawaii a U.S. territory. As a territory, Hawaii would not have to pay

tariffs on their sugar.

Queen Liliuokalani When Queen Liliuokalani came to the

throne, she took away powers that the American sugar planters had held.

The planters overthrew Liliuokalani and set up their own temporary government.

Hawaii does not become a territory until 1900.

Samoa Samoa agreed to give Americans special

trading rights and permission to build a naval station at the port of Pago Pago.

Great Britain, Germany and the U.S. met in Berlin to divide up Samoa because they were tired of competing for power.

Germany and the U.S. divided Samoa and we annexed our portion in 1899.

Spheres of Influence Japan, Germany, Great Britain, France,

and Russia had carved out sections of China where they enjoyed special rights and powers.

John Hay proposed the Open Door policy in China so that the U.S. would not be squeezed out of Chinese trade.

Boxer Rebellion CAUSE:

a secret martial arts society led a violent uprising against the foreign influence in China.

EFFECTS: Second Open Door policy Other foreign powers accepting the policy

Second Open Door Policy The policy stressed the importance of

maintaining China’s independence and respecting its borders.

Japan’s disregard for the policy led to war with Russia and conflict with the U.S.

Treaty of Portsmouth The treaty recognized Japan’s control of

Korea. Japan had to pledge to halt its expansion.

San Francisco Board of Education The board of education in San Francisco ordered

all Asian students to attend separate schools. President Roosevelt forced the school board to

change its policies and persuaded Japan to consent to an agreement to restrict emigration.

Relations between the U.S. and Japan worsened.

Great White Fleet The Great White Fleet was 16 white

battleships that President Theodore Roosevelt sent on a cruise around the world to display the nation’s naval power.

Roosevelt believed the display of naval power convinced many nations, especially Japan, that the U.S. was powerful and that challenging us in war would be unwise.