UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARAPHYSICS LAB REPORT

EXPERIMENT NO: 1

TITLE : DENSITY

PARTNERS :

NO. NAME MATRIC NO.

1 ASNIZAM BIN AMIRUDIN 2015817698

2MUHAMMAD LUQMAN ILHAM BIN LIAS

2015831096

3 MUHAMMAD ANIQ IRFAN BIN RUSNI 2015852074

4MUHAMMAD HANIS SOFWAN BIN SUHAIRI

2015843676

DATE : 2/7/2015

GROUP : AS113

LECTURER : EN. AHMAD FUAD HJ MOHIDON

Title : Density

Aim :

To determine the densities of a glass block, a small sphere and a stone.

Apparatus :

A 12 – metre ruler , a vernier calliper, micrometre screw gauge, a triple-beam

balance and a measuring cylinder.

Theory :

For any physical body, either in the shape of solid, liquid or gas, ρ is defined as:

ρ=mV … (1) where (m) = mass and (V) = volume of the body

Method :

A. Density of a glass block

1. A 12 – metre ruler was used to measure the length, l , breadth, b and

thickness, t of a glass block. The values of l, b and t was recorded.2. The glass block was weighed and its mass , m was recorded.3. The density of the glass block was determined using equation (1)4. Steps 1-3 was repeated using a vernier calliper5. Calculations :

Volume = lbtLength = l ± δl, Width = b ± δb, Thickness = t ± δt, Mass = m ± δmVolume = V ± δV

Where V = lbt and

δV = V(δll

+ δbb

+ δtt

¿

Density = ρ ± δρ

Where ρ=mV and

δρ=¿ρ (δmm

+ δVV

¿

B. Density of a small sphere 1. A vernier calliper was used to measure the diameter of a small sphere

in three different places. The diameter of the sphere was recorded along with its random error and then the radius of the sphere was calculated.

2. The sphere was weighed and the mass, m, along with its random error.3. The density of the sphere was determined using equation (1).4. Steps 1-3 was repeated using a micrometre screw gauge.5. The random error when using a vernier calliper to that of a micrometer

screw gauge.6. Calculations :

Radius = r ± δr

Volume, V = V ± δV where V = 43

πr3 and δV = V (3 δr

r )

Density = ρ ± δρ where ρ=mV and δρ=¿ρ (

δmm

+ δVV

¿

C. Density of a given stone 1. A stone was weighed and its mass, m was recorded. A measuring

cylinder was filled with water and the volume of water, V1 was recorded.

2. The stone was placed in the cylinder so that the stone is fully immersed in the water. The new volume, V2 was recorded.

3. Calculations : Mass = m ± δmVolume of water = V1 ± δV1

Volume of water and stone = V2 ± δV2

Volume of stone, V = (V2 – V1) ± (δV1 + δV2)

Density of the stone = ρ ± δρ where ρ=mV and

δρ=¿ρ (δmm

+ δVV

¿

Data

A. Density of a glass block

Dimension ApparatusMeter ruler(cm) Vernier

calliper(cm)Length(l) 9.8 ± 0.05 9.984 ± 0.001Breadth(b) 5.8 ± 0.05 5.840 ± 0.001Thickness(t) 1.8 ± 0.05 1.918 ± 0.001

Mass of object = 272.5 ± 0.05 g

B. Density of a small sphere

Dimension ApparatusVernier calliper(cm)

Micrometer screw gauge(cm)

Length(l) 9.8 ± 0.05 9.984 ± 0.001Breadth(b) 5.8 ± 0.05 5.840 ± 0.001Thickness(t) 1.8 ± 0.05 1.918 ± 0.001

Mass of object = 27.6 ± 0.05 g

C. Density of a given stone

Mass(g) Volume, V1 (mL) Volume, V2 (mL)27.7 ± 0.05 300 ± 2.5 310 ± 2.5

Analysis

A. Density of a glass block

Volume of a glass block measured using a meter ruler :Volume = lbt = 9.8 × 5.8 × 1.8 = 102.3 cm3

δV = V(δll

+ δbb

+ δtt

¿

=102.3(0.059.8

+ 0.055.8

+ 0.051.8 )

= 4.25 cm3

Mass of glass block = 272.5 g

ρ=mV

= 2.66 g/cm3

δρ = ρ(δmm

+ δVv

¿

=2.66(0.05

272.5+ 4.25

102.3 )

=0.111 g/cm3

Density = ρ ± δρ

= 2.66 ± 0.111 g/cm3

B. Density of a small sphere

Volume of a small sphere measured using a vernier calliper :

Volume = 43( 22

7)(0.984)3

= 3.993 cm3

δV = 3.993(0.001 (3 )

0.984¿

= 0.012 cm3

V = V ± δV

= 3.993 ± 0.012 cm3

Mass of a small sphere = 27.6 ± 0.05 g

ρ=mV

= 6.917 g/cm3

δρ = ρ(δmm

+ δVv

¿

=6.917(0.0527.6

+ 0.0123.993 )

= 0.033 g/cm3

Density = ρ ± δρ

= 6.917 ± 0.033 g/cm3

C. Density of a given stone

Mass = 27.7 ± 0.05 g

Volume of water = 300 ± 2.5 mL

Volume of water and stone = 310 ± 2.5 mL

Volume of stone, V = 310 -300 ± (2.5 + 2.5)

= 10 ± 5 mL

Density of stone = 2.77 g/mL

Density of stone = 2.77 ± 1.435 g/mL

Discussion

Theory stated that for any physical body, either in the shape of solid, liquid or gas, ρ is defined as:

ρ=mV … (1) where (m) = mass and (V) = volume of the body

This is true due to the fact that we can find the value of density of an object if we know the value of mass of an object, m and the volume of the object, V. We can also find the mass of an object if the volume of the object and its density is known. The same goes for finding the volume of the object. Simply said, formula for density is easy to used.

Conclusion

The density of a glass block, small sphere and stone was determined. The results show that small sphere have the highest density while glass block has the lowest density.