Exhaust Gas Recirculation Presentation

7/29/2019 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Presentation

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EXHAUST GAS

RECIRCULATION

PRESENTED BY

JYOTI RANJAN

USN:1JS06ME016

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INTRODUCTION Major problem faced by todays world is environmental

pollution.

Of these vehicular traffic is a major contributor .

Exhaust gases from vehicles includes CO,CO2,HC,NOx ..

Of these NOx is particularly very harmful. These are one of the chief constituents of smog, which have

an adverse effect on ecological systems.

They also contribute to the formation of acid rain.

NOx also cause breathing illness in human beings.

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FORMATION OF NOx.

The factors that cause diesel engines to run moreefficiently than gasoline engines also cause them to

run at a higher temperature.

This leads to the creation of nitrogen oxides (NOx). Fuel in any engine is burned with extra air and some

of the oxygen is used to burn the fuel.

When the peak temperatures are high enough for

long periods of time, the nitrogen and oxygen in the

air combines to form Nitrogen oxides.

These are normally collectively referred to as NOx.

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HOW CAN NOx BE REDUCED?

In order to reduce NOx a engine should run at a lower

temperature than the normal temperature.

Reduced cylinder temperatures can be achieved in three

ways.

1. Enriching the air fuel mixture2. Lowering the compression ratio and retarding

ignition timings

3. Reducing the amount of Oxygen in the cylinder

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EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION

Exhaust Gas Recirculation is an efficient method toreduce NOx emissions from the engine.

It works by recirculating a quantity of exhaust gasback to the engine cylinders.

Intermixing the recirculated gas with incoming airreduces the amount of available O2 to thecombustion And lowers the peak temperature ofcombustion.

Recirculation is usually achieved by piping a routefrom the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold.

A control valve within the circuit regulates and times

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DIAGRAM

Schematic Diagram of An EGR

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BASIC PARTS OF EGR There are 3 basic parts of EGR

1. EGR Valve

2. EGR Cooler

3. EGR Transfer Pipe

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TYPICAL FOUR STROKE DIESELENGINE WITH BASIC PARTS OF EGR

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ENGINE

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EGR OPERATING CONDITIONSThere are three operating conditions for EGR flow.

1. High EGR flow

2. Low EGR flow

3. No EGR flow

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EGR THEORY OF OPERATION

The purpose of the EGR system is to precisely regulate the

flow under different operating conditions.

By integrating the fuel injection&amount of air entered control

with the EGR metering system, engine performance and the

fuel economy can be enhanced

For this an ECM (Electronic Control Machine) is used to

regulate the EGR flow. When EGR is required ECM opens

the EGR valve.

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The ECM is capable of neutralizing the negative aspects of

EGR by programming additional spark advance and

decreased fuel injection duration during periods EGR flow

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EXPERIMENT RESULTS

Relationship between EGR rate and NOX

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Relationship between O2 concentration

And NOx reduction

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HC and NOx concentration as a function of

EGR Level

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Relation of PM accumulation rate

And NOx emission with EGR

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TECHNICAL ISSUES

1. Combustion Contamination Exhaust gas from any combustion process may have certaincontaminants

May lead to serious combustion degradation and instability, and

shorter component life.

2. Control System Stability Control systems for modern engines have been developed over

two decades to maintain emissions control at varying loads,

speeds, and fuel conditions.

Adding EGR into the combustion process introducesfurther complexity that must be carefully integrated into the

entire engine control system approach for successful

operation over a wide range of conditions.

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3. Materials and Durability

EGR systems may decrease long-term life of the

components affected, including the EGR coolers and

control valves, the pistons and cylinder heads, exhaust

manifolds and sensors

Continuous duty applications may cause materials

breakdown, shorter component life, and even

unexpected, catastrophic engine failures.

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FUTURE OF EGR


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FUTURE OF EGR

Current Proposal:

Require a functional check of the EGR system:

detect a malfunction when the system has reached

its control limits such that it cannot achieve the

target EGR flow

Require a functional check of the EGR cooling

system for proper cooling

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CONCLUSION


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CONCLUSION

Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technique in engines, theemissions are vary much controlled due to lesser amounts of

NOx entering the atmosphere.

Exhaust Gas Recirculation is a very simple method. It hasproven to be very useful and it is being modified further to

attain better standards.

This method is very reliable in terms of fuel consumption

EGR is the most effective method for reducing the nitrous

oxide emissions from the engine exhaust.

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REFERENCES


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REFERENCES

http://www.autozine.org

http://www.niehoff.com http://www.automotive.tno.nl

http://www.yet2.com

http://www.autorepair.about.com

http://www.constructionequipment.com

http://www.fordscorpio.co.uk

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THANK YOU

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Presentation

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