Exercise Telecenter to Bridge the Digital Divide – from the ICT Point of View
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Transcript of Exercise Telecenter to Bridge the Digital Divide – from the ICT Point of View
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Exercise Telecenter to Bridge the Digital Divide –
from the ICT Point of View
Dr. Han-Chieh Chao Professor & Chair, Dept. of EE
National Dong Hwa University
E-mail: [email protected]
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Past Trend…
1. H. B. Chen, H. C. Chao and David Lin “An Alternative Method for Connection Between TANet,” TANet’95 Proceedings, Chungli Taiwan﹐ ﹐F18-F25, Oct. 23-24
A way to provide NAT through Modem Dialup2. C. Y. Lin, H. B. Chen, H. C. Chao, Su Chang, and Michelle T. Ka
o, "An Authentication Method for Securing the Consistency between Remote Access Servers and E-mail Servers Accounts," 1997 International Conference on Computer Systems Technology for Industrial Applications -- Internet and Multimedia (CSIA’97), Hsinchu, Taiwan, pp. 234-238, April 23-25, 1997.
Radius Appliations3. Han C. Chao, Wei-Ming Chen, H. B. Chen and Michelle Kao, “Th
e Economical Multi-link Internet (Intranet) Access Solutions for Medium-Small Business, Rural Educational Institutes and Native Taiwanese Communities in Taiwan” Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Advanced Science and Technology (ICAST’98), Chicago, USA, pp. 273-280, April 3-5, 1998.
NT based Modem “Trunk Mode”
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Deployment Example
1998
NDHU
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Technical Diagram(I)
Ethernet
WorkstationWorkstation
Workstation
Terminal Server Terminal ServerTerminal Server
Modem Modem Modem ModemModem Modem
....... ...... .........
... ... .... .... .... .....
cc.ndhu.edu.tw
cc5.ndhu.edu.tw ws1-sun.ndhu.edu.tw
16 lines 16 lines 16 lines
IBM Compatible Modem
Terminal server
Data
Data
Workstation
Remote User
PSTN
LivingstonPortMaster
CommunicationServer
RADIUSServer
ACE/Server
Public SwitchedTelehone Network
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Technical Diagram(II)
Local LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
Router
Mod
em/IS
DN
Mod
em/IS
DN
NT Server with RAS
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
NT Server with RAS
orAny
Terminal Server
LAN Address: 203.64.99
RAS IP: 203.64.88.140
LAN IP: 203.64.99.254
RAS IP: 203.64.88.141
LAN IP: 203.64.88.200
IP: 203.64.88.254
LAN Address: 203.64.88
LAN Address: 203.64.94
LAN Address: 203.64.97
IP: 203.64.94.254IP: 203.64.97.254
IP: 203.64.99.100
Gateway: 203.64.99.254IP: 203.64.99.102
Gateway: 203.64.99.254
LAN
Ethernet
Remote Access Server
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Technical Diagram(II)
Local LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
Router
Mod
em/IS
DN
Mod
em/IS
DN
NT Server with RAS
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
NT Server with RAS
orAny
Terminal Server
LAN Address: 203.64.99
RAS IP: 203.64.88.140
LAN IP: 203.64.99.254
RAS IP: 203.64.88.141
LAN IP: 203.64.88.200
IP: 203.64.88.254
LAN Address: 203.64.88
LAN Address: 203.64.94
LAN Address: 203.64.97
IP: 203.64.94.254IP: 203.64.97.254
IP: 203.64.99.100
Gateway: 203.64.99.254IP: 203.64.99.102
Gateway: 203.64.99.254
LAN
Ethernet
Remote Access Server
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Technical Diagram(III)
Local LAN
LAN
LAN
LAN
Router
NT Server with RAS
Mul
tiLin
kM
ultiL
ink
NT Server with RAS
PSTN/ISDN
Internet
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Photos of Activities (I)
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Photos of Activities (II)
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Photos of Activities (III)
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Photos of Activities (IV)
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Photos of Activities (V)
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KIOSK
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Digital Remote Scope
Di gi tal Remore Area
Broadband Tel ecom Exchange Stati on
Publ i c Li brary
NetworkGSN
Remote KI OSK
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Telecom Exchange Stations in Hualien
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Current TANet Status
2002
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TANet Backbone (Current)
Gigabit EthernetBackbone
教育部
台北區網 台北區網新竹區網 國網中心 桃園區網
台南區網
雲嘉區網
中部區網
竹苗區網
台東區網花蓮區網東部區網 高屏澎區網
July 07, 2003
雲林縣
基隆市
宜蘭縣
台北市
台北縣 桃園縣
南投縣
彰化縣
台中縣
台中市
苗栗縣 新竹縣 新竹市 連江縣 金門縣
嘉義市
嘉義縣
花蓮縣 台南縣 高雄市 屏東縣 澎湖縣 台東縣 高雄縣 台南市
Gigabit Ethernet * 6
Gigabit Ethernet * 2
Gigabit Ethernet * 4
中研院
國網南科
Internet
教育部
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TANet International Backbone
Internet
Router
Router
ASCC
STM-1
GigaE
STM-1
FE
DS3
FE
Router
MOE
NCHC
Router
STM-1 * 2
ATM Switch
MOE
NCHCASCC
ATM Switch
TANet
Submarine CableLocal Loop
In-house wiring
IP Port
Update: June 24, 2003
STM-1
STM-1
HARNET - The Hong Kong Academic and Research NETwork
DS3
STM-1
STM-1
STM-1
STM-4
STM-1
180Mbps Transit to Internet
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TWAREN Project (December 2003)
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Future Trend…
Higher Speed Fixed -> Portable
Mobility and Plug-and-Play Client Server System
Return to peer-to-peer, but different scale Monopoly
Layer1/2 -> Layer3(IP) -> Service Aggregation
Firewall Operation End-to-end Security Collaborating with network
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High Speed Network Trend
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Next Generation Fiber
Target bit rate x distance (20 Pbs x km) Short Fat 20 Tbs x 1000 km Long Thin 7 Tbs x 3000 km or longer
Bit rates 40 Gbs, 80 Gbs,
160 Gbs, 320 Gbs 160 to 240 Wavelengths Current bit rate x distance
(5 Pbs x km) TeraLightTeraLight Ultra Fiber Ultra Fiber
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Ultra Long Reach Transmission
Extend Transmission Reach from 500 km to > 4000 km
New Modulation Format (1Bit/Hz) > 3dB Improvement in Signal to N
oise Better Handle Current Fiber I
mpairments Increase Capacity ex. 40Gbps
X 80 = 3.2 Tbps 40Gb/s and beyond
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OCCS (Optical Cross Connect System )
Switching
Lightpathprovisioning
Optical add/drop
Optical Line Terminal
BDCSIPADM
Ringsupport
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The Wireless World
1G
WWAN
WMAN
WLAN
WPAN
10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps
802. 15.
4Zig- bee
802. 15.1Blue- tooth
IEEE802.15.3a UWB “WiMedia”
IEEE 802.11b, a, g “Wi-Fi”
IEEE 802.16a“WiMAX” (fixed),802.16e (mobile)
2G 2.5G 3G 4G
IEEE802.11n
802.20 “Mobile-Fi”
Wireless Wide-Area Networks
Wireless Metropolitan-
Area Networks
Wireless Local-Area Networks
Wireless Personal-
Area Networks
(Two most popular current
applications)
Legacy Current Emerging Future
802.
21 In
ter-
Net
wor
k H
ando
ffs
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Wireless PAN
Personal Area Network IEEE 802.15, Bluetooth, 1Mbit
s/sec IEEE 802.15.3, Ultra Wideban
d, 1 Gbits/sec
( Picture: Compaq / 3Com )
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Capacity
Spatial capacity comparison between IEEE 802.11,
Bluetooth, and UWB (Source: intel)
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Wireless LAN
Local Area Network 802.11a
5 GHz band, 54 Mbits/sec, OFDM
802.11b 2.4 GHz band, 11 Mbits/sec, DSSS
802.11g 2.4 GHz band, 54 Mbits/sec, OFDM/DSSS
( Picture: D-Link / 3Com )
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Data rate & Distance
(Source: Network Magazine)
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Wireless MAN
Metropolitan Area Network IEEE 802.16
802.16.1 (10-66 GHz, line-of-sight, up to 134Mbit/s)
802.16.2 (minimizing interference between coexisting WMANs.)
802.16a (2-11 Ghz, Mesh, non-line-of-sigth) 802.16b (5-6 Ghz) 802.16c (detailed system profiles) 802.16e (Mobile Wireless MAN)
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Wireless WAN
Wide Area Network 3G, 2Mbits above
UMTS/CDMA…
( Picture: Samsung / Siemens / Alcatel )
TECHNOLOGY FEATURES
3G
W -CDMA
Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access
- Super voice quality
- Up to 2M bit/sec. Always-on data
- Broadband data services like video and multimedia
- Enhanced roaming
CDMA - 2000
Based on the Interim Standard-95 CDMA standard
TD -SCDMA
Time-division synchronous code-division multiple-access
(Source: 3gnewsroom)
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4G
Enhanced multimedia, smooth streaming video, universal access, & portability across all types of devices
Comparison of 3G and 4G
3G 4G
Back compatible to 2G Extend 3G capacity by one order of magnitude
Circuit & Packet switched networks Entirely packet switched networks
Combination of existing & evolved equipment All network elements are digital
Data rate up to 2Mbps Higher bandwidth up to 100Mbps
(Source: ece.gatech.edu)
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An effective response to heterogeneous future needs
NB Radio
BBRadio
BB wireline
Services Services Services
Open interfaces
Separated network intelligenceMediation
Call controlProfile
Packet transfer
Packet transfer
All IP NetworkAll IP Network
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IP Is the New Public UNI(Network Connection) Public IP Networks Require
Routing functions on the edge Consistent interface to subscriber applications
Application-Aware Dynamic Service Delivery End-End Across The Network
Network Changes Behavior As Necessary Public IP Networks Must Provide
Application-aware priority for IP flows Application specific behavior for different IP Flows
Deliver bandwidth, and access privileges as required Per application
Dynamic signaling to support application requirements Deliver services where and when they are needed
By requesting them from smart network elements Public IP Networks Cannot Use a Hop-by-Hop Internet Architecture
Routers alone won’t support what needs to be done
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IP Services VisionService Intelligent infrastructure from edge to core to edge
Benefit: Provides a network platform for service delivery tailored to the needs to the subscriber/application
Intelligent dynamic signaling in and between the network layers
Benefit: Provides a rich framework for deploying service intelligence between the layers of the network
Benefit: Allows for efficient network operations and leverage of network investment
Scalable, end-to-end network management from single console
Full lifecycle professional services from planning to operations
Benefit: Allows for service providers to outsource to save engineering/operations costs
+
+
+
= Profitable, Value-added servicesSource: Lucent Technologies
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IPv6 will dominate
IPv4limited size and structure of the current Internet address spacelack of end-to-end security
IPv6QoShuge address spacesecurity (IPSec)
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Trends make IPv6 success Convergence - Next-Gen Networks
Data, audio & video on one wire IPv6: Quality of Service
Mobility – Massive increase in mobility Dynamic access from various locations
IPv6: Mobile IP. IPv6: Quality of Service
Scalability & Reliability – Computing is mission critical Reliability
IPv6: Design of the protocol. IPv6: Hierarchical addressing, Multiple Gateways IPv6: Elimination of NAT.
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Trends make IPv6 success Security – Convergence to one Network
Software is mission critical IPv6: IPSec - Dynamically secure connections IPv6: Multicast and anycast addresses
Management – Auto-configuration, self managed. Improving IS productivity
IPv6: Auto-detection and autoconfiguration IPv6: IP Address Management
Utility/Grid computing Resources as and when you need.
IPv6: Many more addresses, autoconfiguration & management IPv6: Better scalability, path MTU IPv6: QOS
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Knowledge-based
economy
GII
NII N
IIG
II
Utilize technologyin smarter ways
e-society
Information Society
e-Government
Efficient Government
Improved Competitivenes
s
e-Taiwan
e-Transpor-tation
Smart transportation
Green
Island
e-infrastructure/Broadband to the homeChallenging 2008
6,000,000 Broadband users
e-Commerce
e-Taiwan Project (us$1 billion )
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Users Driven
Top Down
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User/Host is stupid
Unaware of Network structure Protocols
Interesting about Everything connectivity Ubiquitous/Mobility Security Always Online Hi-Speed Hi-Quality
Secure, mobile, multi-service
networks
Security
Convergence Mobility
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Personalized Services
PacketCriteria Action
Class ofService
En
terp
rise A
P
olicy
BillingClass
LDAP PolicyServer
Enterprise ATunnel B
FW/MPLS
LSP
Tunnel A
IPSec
Intranet IPsecVPN
Service$$$
ASP FW/MPLSSales
Automation$$
WEB FWSecure Internet
$
All Others Deny N/A N/A
Tunnel C
FW
AAAServer
Intranet
ASP
ISP #1
ISP #2
Core NetworkApplication
Stream
AccessDevice
Service IntelligentElement
Application Aware Traffic
Treatment
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New Applications
Grid computing Data mining Data visualization Virtual reality Remote cooperation VoIP/VVoIP
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Application-Driven Database access
Large-scale simulations produce tens of terabytes per day Earth-orbiting satellites will transmit petabytes of data Matching algorithms for genome databases Image and pattern databases
Audio and video Different qualities of audio and video require very different band
widths Compressed speech uses less than one KB/second Uncompressed CD-quality music uses around 200 KB/second Highly compressed, small-screen video can be transmitted at two K
B/second High-definition television requires several MB/second
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Application-Driven
Real-time collaboration Groups want to interact across time and space
Virtual enterprises Desktop videoconferencing Distance-independent learning
Control and synchronization of audio and video streams Shared access to information Managed interactions Maintenance of history and audit trails Support of distributed protocols to provide consistency
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Application-Driven Distributed computing
Now Tight interconnection of processing elements on a backplane of a
single high-performance computer or in a physically connected cluster
Future Geographically separated elements
Tele-Immersion Users in a different locations will collaborate in a shared, virtual
or simulated environment as if they are in the same room Must combine audio, video, virtual worlds, and simulations Requires huge bandwidth, very fast responses, and guarantees
of delivery
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Application-Driven
Scenarios Remote instrument control Distributed simulation Environmental crises management Public information access Collaborative R&D
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Application-Driven
..
IPTEL - IP Telephony (TRIP, CPL, ...)
SIP - Call Setup Signalling
MEGACO - Media Gateway Control
SPIRIT - IP Service access from IN
SIGTRAN - PSTN Signalling over IP
PINT - PSTN and Internet Interworking
ENUM - E.164 Number mapping
MMUSIC - Internet Conferencing
AVT - Audio/Video Transport (RTP)
DIFFSERV, INTSERV, RSVP - QoS
SIP-H323 BoF
SG 4 - Network Management, QoS, Billing, Security, ..
SG 2 - E.164 Numbering Plan
SG 11 - Signalling and Protocols, Mobility, SS7, INAP, Q.* (Q.BICC)
SG 12 - End2End Transmission Performance Q 18&23: QoS Voice over IP
SG 16 - packet based Multimedia Services, H.* (H.323, H.450, H.248), Mobility, G.* (G.7xx), T.* ...
Internet TelephonyIETF Internet Evolution
ITU-TTelecommunication Standardisation
Integrated Video and Voice Integrated Video and Voice over IP Serviceover IP Service
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Middle Layer Improvement
- various QoS
- mobility
- best-effort
guaranteed controlled
- Guaranteeing/ Maintaining / Provisioning QoS
best-effort
IPbest-effort
IP
CurrentNetworkCurrentNetwork
Various IP-ClassesVarious IP-Classes
Next GenerationNetwork
Next GenerationNetwork
MultimediaMultimedia
MobileMobile
Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Maintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-ClassMaintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-Class
Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Heterogeneous Network which Guarantees /Maintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-ClassMaintaining / Provisioning QoS for various IP-Class
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QoS
Intserv/Diffserv integrated network QoS refers to delay (latency), jitter (variance), an
d availability Need for reliable and timely delivery of control sig
nals, telemetry, and human-oriented data streams (audio, video, tactile)
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IP Mobility
Hierarchical MobileIPv6 AAA interactions Fast/Smooth/Seamless Handoffs Header Compression Enable MobileIPv6 to act as mobility
technology within and between cellular networks – All-IP Cellular Networks
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Nokia
Technology Evolution from Circuits to Packets
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GPRS and WLAN Card
Multimode PC card (GPRS, GSM, WLAN)
GPRS high speed data connectivity (up to 40.2 Kbit/s)
WLAN data connectivity where available (up to 11Mbit/s)
Nokia D311/D211
SONY
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Nokia launches new Communicator mobile phone
Tri-band GSM E-GPRS (EDGE) Wi-Fi 802.11b Symbian OS 7.0 JAVA MIDP2.0
Nokia 9500Pic. from www.cellular-news.com
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Hitachi G1000 with SD wifi
Pocket PC 2002 Phone Edition
CDMA SD/MMC Expansion Slot
(Upgradeable to SDIO) 2.5 hours talk time 7 days of stand-by time.
http://www.sprint.com/pcsbusiness/devices/pda/hitachig1000.htmlCDMA / WLAN Solution
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NTT DoCoMo, NEC plan dual 3G/WLAN handset
W-CDMA / IEEE802.11b User will be able to use VOIP when in range of a W
LAN access point. Once out of range, it will use the standard 3G network.
No indication has been made yet whether the handset will be able to seamless transfer voice calls between WLAN and 3G.
• http://www.mobileburn.com/news.jsp?Id=559• http://www.infoworld.com/article/03/12/03/HN3gwlanhandset_1.html• http://www.computerweekly.com/Article126993.htm
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Cybersecurity
Risks are high, even before adding wireless, converged, or network-enabled components
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Cybersecurity
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The Service of Security
Each element can affect your overall security posture & risk level
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Other Technologies
Multicasting Application-to-application multicast rather than
host-to-host Adaptive resource management
Internet Traffic Engineering Virtual networking
Construction of multiple networks on a common infrastructure, allowing organizations to easily set up private networking domains governed by organization-specific policies
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Conclusion
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Future uses: quantitative aspects
Voice
Bit/s
Time
2000
Data
2007
1000
$ Billions*
* according to Datamonitor
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Mobile Mesh Network
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Network Migration
Integrated Service Management
Management
OSS, BSS, NMS, EMS
Protocols
TDM, IP, ATM, FR…Convergence
All IP
ConsolidationMulti-Service
Devices
MUX, Routers, DCS…
• Costly• Complex• Difficult to Manage
• Cost Efficient• Integrated• Simple Management
Mig
rati
on
Next GenerationToday
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Next Generation Network Drivers
Technology innovation Establishing a competitive advantage Increasing productivity and revenue opportunities
Operational efficiency Improving overall network infrastructure performance and
scalability Improving manageability by standardizing on network
infrastructure and operating systems Reducing long-term operating expenses Improve overall IT infrastructure resiliency Simplify network administration, management and control
User Requirement and Applications
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How to help to mitigate the Digital Divide?
Government Determination & Capital Investment Bitnet (later 80th) ADSL (middle of 90th) Dual Mode Handset (Early 20th)
Chose the Right ICT Applications based on ICT
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Thank you!Comments?
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