Exegetical Analysis of 1 Timothy 2-9-15

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Exegetical Analysis of 1 Timothy 2:9-15

David Beatty

Canby Bible College

B 212 ! "asto#al and $ene#al E%istles

"#ofesso# Thomas Axma&e#'e%tembe# 2() 2*15


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1 Timothy 2:9-15 +olman Ch#istian 'tanda#d Bible ,+C'B

9Also) the .omen a#e to d#ess themselves in modest clothing) .ith decency and good

sense) not .ith elabo#ate hai#styles) gold) %ea#ls) o# ex%ensive a%%a#el)

10

b/t .ith good.o#&s) as is %#o%e# fo# .omen .ho affi#m that they .o#shi% $od0 11A .oman sho/ld

lea#n in silence .ith f/ll s/bmission0 12 do not allo. a .oman to teach o# to have a/-

tho#ity ove# a man instead) she is to be silent0 13o# Adam .as c#eated fi#st) then Eve014And Adam .as not deceived) b/t the .oman .as deceived and t#ansg#essed0 15B/t she

.ill be saved th#o/gh childbea#ing) if they contin/e in faith) love) and holiness) .ith good

3/dgment0

o# many schola#s) 1 Timothy 2:9-15 is the locus classicus fo# the hie#a#chical 4 com%lemen-

ta#ian %osition that 'c#i%t/#e #est#icts .omen f#om leade#shi% ove# males in the minist#y of the

ch/#ch0 "a/l co/ld not have been mo#e ex%licit in denying .omens a/tho#ity ove# men) no# in

his othe# admonitions o# g/idance fo# .omen0 That "a/l intended this lette# to se#ve as g/idance

to Timothy in ho. to ca##y o/t his assignment is clea# b/t .as this divinely ins%i#ed and ine##ant1

lette#) and s%ecifically this %assage intended to be inst#/ctions fo# all ch/#ches at all times6

Timothy .as a $#ee& conve#t and one of "a/l7s most t#/sted lie/tenants as evidenced by his

selection fo# the im%o#tant mission in E%hes/s0 Timothy .as half $#ee& and half 8e.) .as %#ob-

ably conve#ted by "a/l on his fi#st missiona#y t#i% in yst#a in $alatia)2and .as ci#c/mcised by

"a/l so that his $#ee& ancest#y .o/ld not be a liability in .o#&ing .ith the 8e.s0;


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tion) and the n/ances of nascent Ch#istianity as it #a%idly changed f#om a 8e.ish sect into a ne.

#eligion in its o.n #ight0 1stTimothy th/s a/gmented yea#s of o#al inst#/ction0

E%hes/s in =< AD .as the ca%ital of the oman %#ovince of Asia and the second most im%o#-

tant city in the oman Em%i#e05 t .as a h/ge city fo# its time .ith


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e#s mentioned in the /ndis%/ted "a/line E%istles a#e .omen0;1/ality .ith men0;1(#ee 8e.ish men than&ed $od daily that they .e#e not c#eated a %agan) a

slave) o# a .oman000 +ellenistic men also had th#ee #easons to be than&f/l: that they .e#e not

bo#n as an animal) as a .oman) o# as a ba#ba#ian0;15By la.) .omen in the oman Em%i#e co/ld

not o.n %#o%e#ty) defend themselves in co/#t) vote) o# hold %/blic office01=n the oman e-

%/blic a man co/ld legally &ill his .ife o# da/ghte# if they >/estioned his a/tho#ity0;

1

The sit/a-

tion in +ellenistic E%hes/s .as simila#) b/t .omen living in the diffe#ent cities of $#eece

%layed &ey #oles in some of those cities7 most c#/cial #eligio/s celeb#ations and %#ocessions0;1G

ndeed) the tem%le of A#temis in E%hes/s had a long histo#y of .omen in leade#shi% %ositions0

A#temis of the E%hesians may have s/bs/med elements of .o#shi% of the native Anatolian

mothe#-goddess ,Cybele 1*** yea#s ea#lie# b/t at the time of "a/l the ancient E%hesians them-

selves %#esented A#temis E%hesia to the .o#ld as the t#aditional tomboy h/nt#ess .ho stood fo#

chastity and the #e3ection of ma##iage0;19

1 Timothy 2:9-1* contains inst#/ctions on ho. "a/l .ants .omen to d#ess in the ch/#ch he

fo/nded in E%hes/s a#o/nd 5( AD d/#ing his


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of his /O d#ess among the ladies of the ch/#ches in E%hes/s0 Conve#sely) he may be ma&-

ing a gene#al com%laint against the d#ess style in vog/e th#o/gho/t the em%i#e) ma&ing a state-

ment com%a#ing immodest d#ess to mo#al decay ! "a/l desiresthat .omen d#ess modestly in

ch/#ch0 saiah


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2:9 is #ema#&able0 "a/l exho#ts Timothy to disco/#age this so#t of thing0 en a#e to .o#shi%

.itho/t ange# o# dis%/ting; and .omen a#e also to d#ess modestly) .ith decency and %#o%#i-

ety0; This is not to say that men sho/ld not also d#ess modestly) .ith decency and %#o%#iety;

#athe#) "a/l is s%ecifically ma&ing note of a t#end that he feels needs to be co##ected o# add#essed0

t is .o#th noting that .hat %asses fo# modesty in 2*15 is >/ite diffe#ent than in =< AD ,o# even

19* fo# that matte#0 The definition of modest clothing; is not s%ecific to =< AD) and that defi-

nition is fl/id .ith time) s%ace and c/lt/#e0 Conve#sely) 0C0+ ens&i s%ecifically #e3ects any

com%a#ison bet.een ve#ses G and 9) holding that only men a#e to %#ay as "a/l inst#/cts in 1

Co#inthians 1(:


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.omen to disca#d .hat .e might call t#aditional female #oles in favo# of a mo#e egalita#ian a%-

%#oach to the #ole #elationshi%s of men and .omen0;2


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2) .he#e it is const#/ed .ith %l/#al ve#bs and te#minations0;2G Th/s) man and .oman can be seen

as ontologically the same yet do not fo#get that $od7s %/#%ose in c#eating Eve .as as a hel%e#

s/itable fo# Adam ,$enesis 2:1Gb0 "a/l7s %oint is the divinely a%%ointed #elation bet.een man

and .oman; and that .omen a#e to #emain in thei# s/bo#dinate %osition0;29

@e cannot loo& at 1 Tim0 2:15 in isolation0 athe#) it is the concl/ding ve#se to "a/l7s

/#gings and desi#es fo# the cond/ct of men and .omen in the E%hesian ch/#ches and m/st the#e-

fo#e be vie.ed as a final #eass/#ance of 3/stification by faith to all0 The last they; in ve#se 15

#efe#s bac& to Adam and Eve ,she; clea#ly #efe#s s%ecifically to Eve in ve#se 1() and th/s hea#-

&ens bac& to the c/#se of g#eatly inc#eased; %ain in childbi#th %laced /%on Eve in $en0


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t is clea# that each of the divinely ins%i#ed and f/lly ine##ant;


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@hile each boo& may have a s%ecific ta#get a/dience) ta&en as a .hole the He. Testament is

the com%lete man/al fo# Ch#istian cond/ct in $od7s ho/sehold0 As es%ecially 1 Tim0


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BBJ$A"+I

Alexande#) David and "at) Eds0 Zondervan Handbook to the Bible0


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'ta#&.eathe#) +elen0 Ex%lo#ing Ancient E%hes/s0; Smithsonian) 8an/a#y) 2**G0 htt%:44...0-

smithsonianmag0com4lifelists4ex%lo#ing-ancient-e%hes/s-115

Exegetical Analysis of 1 Timothy 2-9-15

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