executive cases compiled

8/11/2019 executive cases compiled

1/17

Civil Liberties Union v. Executive Secretary

In July 1987, the Presient Cora!on "#uino issue Executive $rer

%o. &8' (hich allo(e )e)bers o* the Cabinet, their

unersecretaries an assistant secretaries to hol other +overn)ent

o**ices or ositions in aition to their ri)ary ositions sub-ect to

li)itations set therein. he Civil Liberties Union /CLU0 assaile this

E$ averrin+ that such la( is unconstitutional. he constitutionality o*

E$ &8' is bein+ challen+e by CLU on the rincial sub)ission that

it as excetions to Sec 1, "rticle 7 o* the Constitution (hich

rovies2

3Sec. 1. he Presient, 4ice5Presient, the 6e)bers o* the Cabinet,

an their euties or assistants shall not, unless other(ise rovie in

this Constitution, hol any other o**ice or e)loy)ent urin+ theirtenure. hey shall not, urin+ sai tenure, irectly or inirectly

ractice any other ro*ession, articiate in any business, or be

*inancially intereste in any contract (ith, or in any *ranchise, or

secial rivile+e +rante by the overn)ent or any subivision,

a+ency, or instru)entality thereo*, incluin+ +overn)ent5o(ne or

controlle cororations or their subsiiaries. hey shall strictly avoi

con*lict o* interest in the conuct o* their o**ice.

CLU avers that by virtue o* the hrase 3unless other(ise rovie in

this Constitution3, the only excetions a+ainst holin+ any other

o**ice or e)loy)ent in overn)ent are those rovie in the

Constitution, na)ely2 /i0 he 4ice5Presient )ay be aointe as a

6e)ber o* the Cabinet uner Sec , ar. /&0, "rticle 7 an /ii0 the

Secretary o* Justice is an ex5o**icio )e)ber o* the Juicial an :ar

Council by virtue o* Sec 8 /10, "rticle 8.

ISSUE2 ;hether or not E$ &8' is constitutional.

s to rohibit the Presient, 4ice5Presient, )e)bers o* the

Cabinet, their euties or assistants *ro) holin+ urin+ their tenure

)ultile o**ices or e)loy)ent in the +overn)ent, excet in those

cases seci*ie in the Constitution itsel* an as above clari*ie (ith

resect to osts hel (ithout aitional co)ensation in an ex5o**icio

caacity as rovie by la( an as re#uire by the ri)ary *unctions

o* their o**ice, the citation o* Cabinet )e)bers /then calle 6inisters0

as exa)les urin+ the ebate an eliberation on the +eneral rule

lai o(n *or all aointive o**icials shoul be consiere as )ere

ersonal oinions (hich cannot overrie the constitution?s )ani*est

intent an the eole?s unerstanin+ thereo*.

In the li+ht o* the construction +iven to Sec 1, "rt 7 in relation to Sec

7, ar. /&0, "rt I@5: o* the 1987 Constitution, E$ &8' is

unconstitutional. $stensibly restrictin+ the nu)ber o* ositions that

Cabinet )e)bers, unersecretaries or assistant secretaries )ay hol

in aition to their ri)ary osition to not )ore than & ositions in

the +overn)ent an +overn)ent cororations, E$ &8' actually allo(s

the) to hol )ultile o**ices or e)loy)ent in irect contravention

o* the exress )anate o* Sec 1, "rt 7 o* the 1987 Constitution

rohibitin+ the) *ro) oin+ so, unless other(ise rovie in the

1987 Constitution itsel*.

Auna vs Executive Secretary (ith %otes

.B. %o. 18'7' Aebruary 11, &1

=E%%IS ". :. AU%", Petitioner, vs. E@ECUI4E SECBE"BD

E=U"B=$ B. EB6I", $**ice o* the Presient, SEC. LE"%=B$


2/17

B. 6E%=$", in his o**icial caacity as Secretary o* the =eart)ent

o* ransortation an Co))unications, USEC. 6"BI" ELE%" e(ise )oot an acae)ic since, (ith this suervenin+ event, there

is nothin+ le*t to en-oin.

Issue2 ;hether or not the esi+nation o* resonent :autista as $IC

o* 6"BI%", concurrent (ith the osition o* =$C Unersecretary

*or 6ariti)e ransort to (hich she ha been aointe, violate the


3/17

constitutional roscrition a+ainst ual or )ultile o**ices *or Cabinet

6e)bers an their euties an assistants.


4/17

e)loy)ent in the overn)ent or any subivision, a+ency or

instru)entality thereo*, incluin+ +overn)ent5o(ne or controlle

cororations or their subsiiaries.

%otin+ that the rohibition i)ose on the Presient an his o**icial

*a)ily is all5e)bracin+, the is#uali*ication (as hel to be absolute,

as the holin+ o* any other o**ice is not #uali*ie by the hrase in

the overn)ent unli>e in Section 1, "rticle 4I rohibitin+ Senators

an 6e)bers o* the


5/17

")inistrator, 6ariti)e Inustry "uthority, in a concurrent caacity

(ith her osition as =$C Unersecretary *or 6ariti)e ransort, is

hereby eclare U%C$%SIUI$%"L *or bein+ violative o*

Section 1, "rticle 4II o* the 1987 Constitution an there*ore, %ULL

an 4$I=.

%ote2

"oint)ent )ay be e*ine as the selection, by the authority veste

(ith the o(er, o* an iniviual (ho is to exercise the *unctions o* a

+iven o**ice. ;hen co)lete, usually (ith its con*ir)ation, the

aoint)ent results in security o* tenure *or the erson chosen unless

he is relaceable at leasure because o* the nature o* his o**ice.

=esi+nation, on the other han, connotes )erely the i)osition by

la( o* aitional uties on an incu)bent o**icial, as (here, in the casebe*ore us, the Secretary o* ouris) is esi+nate Chair)an o* the

:oar o* =irectors o* the Philiine ouris) "uthority, or (here,

uner the Constitution, three Justices o* the Sure)e Court are

esi+nate by the Chie* Justice to sit in the Electoral ribunal o* the

Senate or the e(ise involves the na)in+ o* a articular erson to a seci*ie

ublic o**ice. hat is the co))on unerstanin+ o* the ter).

. he latter too> oath on the sa)e ay.

"t noon on =ece)ber , 19F1, Presient5elect =iosao 6acaa+al

assu)e o**ice. an the latter #uali*ie i))eiately.

$n January &, 19F&, both exercise the o(ers o* their o**ice.

in+ Castillo?s aoint)ent voi. Castillothen contene that "ytona?s aoint)ent ha alreay been revo>e

by ")inistrative $rer %o. & issue by Presient 6acaa+al.

ISSUE2


6/17

;hether Presient =iosao 6acaa+al ha o(er to issue the orer

o* cancellation o* the a interi) aoint)ents )ae by Presient

Carlos P. arcia even a*ter the aointees ha alreay #uali*ie.

BULI%2

Uon the +roun o* searation o* o(ers, the court resolve that it

)ust ecline an re*use -urisiction in isre+arin+ the Presiential

")inistrative $rer %o. &, cancelin+ such 3)ini+ht or 3last5

)inute aoint)ents

Case is)isse.

=E C"SB$ 4S. J:C Leave a co))ent

"BUB$ 6. =E C"SB$ vs. JU=ICI"L "%= :"B C$U%CIL

/J:C0 an PBESI=E% L$BI" 6"C"P""L "BB$D$

.B. %o. 191&, 6arch 17, &1

A"CS2 he co)ulsory retire)ent o* Chie* Justice Beynato S. Puno

by 6ay 17, &1 occurs -ust ays a*ter the co)in+ resiential

elections on 6ay 1, &1.

hese cases trace their +enesis to the controversy that has arisen *ro)

the *orthco)in+ co)ulsory retire)ent o* Chie* Justice Puno on 6ay

17, &1, or seven ays a*ter the resiential election. Uner Section

'/10, in relation to Section 9, "rticle 4III, that 3vacancy shall be *ille

(ithin ninety ays *ro) the occurrence thereo* *ro) a 3list o* at least

three no)inees reare by the Juicial an :ar Council *or every

vacancy. "lso consierin+ that Section 1G, "rticle 4II /Executive

=eart)ent0 o* the Constitution rohibits the Presient or "ctin+

Presient *ro) )a>in+ aoint)ents (ithin t(o )onths i))eiately

be*ore the next resiential elections an u to the en o* his ter),excet te)orary aoint)ents to executive ositions (hen continue

vacancies therein (ill re-uice ublic service or enan+er ublic

sa*ety.

he J:C, in its en banc )eetin+ o* January 18, &1, unani)ously

a+ree to start the rocess o* *illin+ u the osition o* Chie* Justice.

Con*or)ably (ith its existin+ ractice, the J:C 3auto)atically

consiere *or the osition o* Chie* Justice the *ive )ost senior o*

the "ssociate Justices o* the Court, na)ely2 "ssociate Justice "ntonio

. Cario "ssociate Justice Benato C. Corona "ssociate Justice

Conchita Cario 6orales "ssociate Justice Presbitero J. 4elasco, Jr.

an "ssociate Justice "ntonio Euaro :. %achura.


7/17

rohibition *oun in "rticle 4II /Executive =eart)ent0 (as not

(ritten in "rticle 4III /Juicial =eart)ent0 an that the *ra)ers also

incororate in "rticle 4III a)le restrictions or li)itations on the

Presient?s o(er to aoint )e)bers o* the Sure)e Court to ensure

its ineenence *ro) 3olitical vicissitues an its 3insulation *ro)olitical ressures, such as strin+ent #uali*ications *or the ositions,

the establish)ent o* the J:C, the seci*ie erio (ithin (hich the

Presient shall aoint a Sure)e Court Justice.

" art o* the #uestion to be revie(e by the Court is (hether the J:C

roerly initiate the rocess, there bein+ an insistence *ro) so)e o*

the oositors5intervenors that the J:C coul only o so once the

vacancy has occurre /that is, a*ter 6ay 17, &10. "nother art is, o*

course, (hether the J:C )ay resu)e its rocess until the short list is

reare, in vie( o* the rovision o* Section '/10, "rticle 4III, (hich

un#uali*iely re#uires the Presient to aoint one *ro) the short list

to *ill the vacancy in the Sure)e Court /be it the Chie* Justice or an

"ssociate Justice0 (ithin 9 ays *ro) the occurrence o* the vacancy.

ISSUE2 ;hether the incu)bent Presient can aoint the successor o*

Chie* Justice Puno uon his retire)ent.

in+ aoint)ents (ithin t(o )onths be*ore the next resiential

elections an u to the en o* the Presient?s or "ctin+ Presient?s

ter) oes not re*er to the 6e)bers o* the Sure)e Court.


8/17

have easily an surely (ritten the rohibition )ae exlicit in Section

1G, "rticle 4II as bein+ e#ually alicable to the aoint)ent o*

6e)bers o* the Sure)e Court in "rticle 4III itsel*, )ost li>ely in

Section ' /10, "rticle 4III. hat such seci*ication (as not one only

reveals that the rohibition a+ainst the Presient or "ctin+ Presient)a>in+ aoint)ents (ithin t(o )onths be*ore the next resiential

elections an u to the en o* the Presient?s or "ctin+ Presient?s

ter) oes not re*er to the 6e)bers o* the Sure)e Court.

Section 1', Section 1G, an Section 1F are obviously o* the sa)e

character, in that they a**ect the o(er o* the Presient to aoint. he

*act that Section 1' an Section 1F re*er only to aoint)ents (ithin

the Executive =eart)ent reners conclusive that Section 1G also

alies only to the Executive =eart)ent. his conclusion is

consistent (ith the rule that every art o* the statute )ust be

interrete (ith re*erence to the context, i.e. that every art )ust be

consiere to+ether (ith the other arts, an >et subservient to the

+eneral intent o* the (hole enact)ent. It is absur to assu)e that the

*ra)ers eliberately situate Section 1G bet(een Section 1' an

Section 1F, i* they intene Section 1G to cover all >ins o*

resiential aoint)ents. I* that (as their intention in resect o*

aoint)ents to the Juiciary, the *ra)ers, i* only to be clear, (oul

have easily an surely inserte a si)ilar rohibition in "rticle 4III,)ost li>ely (ithin Section ' /10 thereo*.

:ina)ira v. arrucho Jr. KJuly , 199.

Aact2

:ina)ira see>s reinstate)ent to the o**ice o* eneral 6ana+er o* the

Philiine ouris) "uthority.


9/17

6ean(hile, Sar)iento also sou+ht to en-oin uiller)o Cara+ue, the

then Secretary o* the =eart)ent o* :u+et, *ro) isbursin+ the

salary ay)ents o* 6ison ue to the unconstitutionality o* 6ison?s

aoint)ent.

ISSUE2 ;hether or not the aoint)ent o* 3heas o* bureaus neee

con*ir)ation by the Co))ission on "oint)ent.


10/17

&0 ;hether or not :autistaMs aoint)ent is sub-ect to Co"Ms

con*ir)ation.

0 ;hether or not Presient shoul exten her aoint)ent on

January 1', 1989.

e by 6allillin. he

Chair)an o* C


11/17

o* the Co))ission on "oint)ents over the aoint)ent o* sectoral

reresentatives.

In the 6ay 1&, 1988 )eetin+ o* the Co))ittee o* the Constitutional

Co))issions an $**ices o* the Co))ission on "oint)ents,

chaire by Sen. E+aro J. "n+ara, the Co))ittee rule a+ainst the

osition o* etitioner =eles.

ISSUE

=oes the Constitution re#uire the aoint)ent o* sectoral

reresentatives to the e

aoint)ents urin+ the recess o* the Con+ress, (hether voluntary or

co)ulsory, but such aoint)ents shall be e**ective only until

isaroval by the Co))ission on "oint)ents or until the next

a-ourn)ent o* the Con+ress. he recors sho( that etitioner?s

aoint)ent (as )ae on "ril F, 1988 or (hile Con+ress (as in

recess /6arch &F, 1988 to "ril 17, 19880 hence, the re*erence to the

sai ara+rah & o* Section 1F, "rt. 4II in the aoint)ent extene

to her.

I)licit in the invocation o* ara+rah &, Section 1F, "rt. 4II as

authority *or the aoint)ent o* etitioner is, the reco+nition by the

Presient as aointin+ authority, that etitioner?s aoint)ent

re#uires con*ir)ation by the Co))ission on "oint)ents. "s a

)atter o* *act, the Presient ha exressly sub)itte etitioner?s

aoint)ent *or con*ir)ation by the Co))ission on "oint)ents.

Consierin+ that Con+ress ha a-ourne (ithout resonent

Co))ission on "oint)ents havin+ acte on etitioner?s

aoint)ent, sai aoint)entHno)ination ha beco)e )oot an

acae)ic ursuant to Section & o* the Bules o* resonent

Co))ission an 3unless resub)itte shall not a+ain be consiere bythe Co))ission.

arrosa vs Sin+son

.B. %o. 111&', 6ay &G, 199'

A"CS2

his is a etition *or rohibition *ile by etitioner as a 3taxayer,#uestionin+ the aoint)ent o* resonent abriel Sin+son as

overnor o* the :an+>o Sentral %+ Piliinas *or not havin+ been

con*ir)e by the Co))ission on "oint)ents. he etition see>s to

en-oin resonent Sin+son *ro) the er*or)ance o* his *unctions as

such o**icial until his aoint)ent is con*ir)e by the Co))ission

on "oint)ents an resonent Salvaor 6. Enri#ue!, Secretary o*

:u+et an 6ana+e)ent, *ro) isbursin+ ublic *uns in ay)ent o*

the salaries an e)olu)ents o* resonent Sin+son.


12/17

he etition is anchore on the rovisions o* Section F o* B.". %o.

7FG, (hich establishe the :an+>o Sentral as the Central 6onetary

"uthority o* the Philiines. Section F, "rticle II o* B.". %o. 7FG

rovies2

3Sec. F. Co)osition o* the 6onetary :oar. he o(ers an

*unctions o* the :an+>o Sentral shall be exercise by the :an+>o

Sentral 6onetary :oar, herea*ter re*erre to as the 6onetary :oar,

co)ose o* seven /70 )e)bers aointe by the Presient o* the

Philiines *or a ter) o* six /F0 years.

he seven /70 )e)bers are2

/a0 he overnor o* the :an+>o Sentral, (ho shall be the Chair)an

o* the 6onetary :oar. he overnor o* the :an+>o Sentral shall be

hea o* a eart)ent an his aoint)ent shall be sub-ect to

con*ir)ation by the Co))ission on "oint)ents. ;henever the

overnor is unable to atten a )eetin+ o* the :oar, he shall

esi+nate a =euty overnor to act as his alternate2 Provie, hat in

such event, the 6onetary :oar shall esi+nate one o* its )e)bers as

actin+ Chair)an . . .

In their co))ent, resonents clai) that Con+ress exceee its

le+islative o(ers in re#uirin+ the con*ir)ation by the Co))ission

on "oint)ents o* the aoint)ent o* the overnor o* the :an+>o

Sentral. hey conten that an aoint)ent to the sai osition is not

a)on+ the aoint)ents (hich have to be con*ir)e by the

Co))ission on "oint)ents, citin+ Section 1F o* "rticle 4II o* the

Constitution.

ISSUES2

=i Con+ress excee its le+islative o(ers in re#uirin+ the

con*ir)ation by the Co))ission on "oint)ents o* the aoint)ent

o* the overnor o* the :an+>o Sentral

s the ouster o* resonent Sin+son an

alle+es that the latter is unla(*ully holin+ or exercisin+ the o(ers

o* overnor o* the :an+>o Sentral, a secial civil action can only be

co))ence by the Solicitor eneral or by a 3erson clai)in+ to be

entitle to a ublic o**ice or osition unla(*ully hel or exercise by

another.

It is obvious that the instant action (as i)roviently brou+ht by

etitioner. o uhol the action (oul encoura+e every is+runtle

citi!en to resort to the courts, thereby causin+ incalculable )ischie*

an hinrance to the e**icient oeration o* the +overn)ental

)achinery.

Its castone havin+ been re)ove, the (hole case o* etitioner

collases. e(ise, the Court re*rains*ro) assin+ uon the constitutionality o* Section F, B.". %o. 7FG in

e*erence to the rincile that bars a -uicial in#uiry into a

constitutional #uestion unless the resolution thereo* is inisensable

*or the eter)ination o* the case.


13/17

AL$BES 4 =BIL$%

A"CS

Petitioners, taxayers an e)loyees o* U.S *acilities at Subic,

challen+e the constitutionality o* Sec. 1 /0 o* the :ases Conversionan =evelo)ent "ct o* 199& (hich irects the Presient to aoint a

ro*essional )ana+er as a)inistrator o* the S:6"Qrovie that

3*or the 1st year o* its oerations, the )ayor o* $lon+ao City

/Bichar oron0 shall be aointe as the chair)an an the CE$ o*

the Subic "uthority.

ISSUES

/10 ;hether the roviso violates the constitutional roscrition

a+ainst aoint)ent or esi+nation o* elective o**icials to other+overn)ent osts.

/&0 ;hether or not the S:6" osts are )erely ex o**icio to the

osition o* 6ayor o* $lon+ao City an thus an excete

circu)stance.

/0 ;hether or not the Constitutional rovision allo(in+ an elective

o**icial to receive ouble co)ensation /Sec. 8, "rt. I@5:0 (oul be

useless i* no elective o**icial )ay be aointe to another ost.

/'0 ;hether there is le+islative encroach)ent on the aointin+

authority o* the Presient.

/G0 ;hether 6ayor oron )ay retain any an all er ie)s,

allo(ances an other e)olu)ents (hich he )ay have receive

ursuant to his aoint)ent.

s to revent a situation (here a local

elective o**icial (ill (or> *or his aoint)ent in an executive osition

in +overn)ent, an thus ne+lect his constitutents.

/&0 %$, Con+ress i not conte)late )a>in+ the S:6" osts asauto)atically attache to the $**ice o* the 6ayor (ithout nee o*

aoint)ent. he hrase 3shall be aointe un#uestionably sho(s

the intent to )a>e the S:6" osts aointive an not )erely a-unct

to the ost o* 6ayor o* $lon+ao City.

/0 %$, Sec. 8 oes not a**ect the constitutionality o* the sub-ect

roviso. In any case, the 4ice5Presient *or exa)le, an elective

o**icial (ho )ay be aointe to a cabinet ost, )ay receive the

co)ensation attache to the cabinet osition i* seci*ically

authori!e by la(.

/'0 DES, althou+h Section 1/0 itsel* vests in the Presient the o(er

to aoint the Chair)an o* S:6", he really has no choice but to

aoint the 6ayor o* $lon+ao City. he o(er o* choice is the heart

o* the o(er to aoint. "oint)ent involves an exercise o*

iscretion o* (ho) to aoint.


14/17

enact)ent e**ectively eli)inates the iscretion o* the aointin+

o(er to choose an constitutes an irre+ular restriction on the o(er

o* aoint)ent. ;hile it )ay be vie(e that the roviso )erely sets

the #uali*ications o* the o**icer urin+ the *irst year o* oerations o*

S:6", i.e., he )ust be the 6ayor o* $lon+ao City, it is )ani*estlyan abuse o* con+ressional authority to rescribe #uali*ications (here

only one, an no other, can #uali*y. Since the ineli+ibility o* an

elective o**icial *or aoint)ent re)ains all throu+hout his tenure or

urin+ his incu)bency, he )ay ho(ever resi+n *irst *ro) his elective

ost to cast o** the constitutionally5attache is#uali*ication be*ore he

)ay be consiere *it *or aoint)ent. Conse#uently, as lon+ as he is

an incu)bent, an elective o**icial re)ains ineli+ible *or aoint)ent

to another ublic o**ice.

/G0 DES, as incu)bent elective o**icial, oron is ineli+ible *oraoint)ent to the osition o* Chair)an an CE$ o* S:6" hence,

his aoint)ent thereto cannot be sustaine. in or nature o* the

aoint)ent extene by the aointin+ o**icer, its authority bein+li)ite to arovin+ or revie(in+ the aoint)ent in the li+ht o* the

re#uire)ents o* the CSC La(. ;hen the aointee is #uali*ie an all

the other le+al re#uire)ents are satis*ie, the Co))ission has no

choice but to attest to the aoint)ent in accorance (ith the CSC

La(s.


15/17

CSC is (ithout authority to revo>e an aoint)ent because o* its

belie* that another erson (as better #uali*ie, (hich is an

encroach)ent on the iscretion veste solely in the city )ayor.

4illena v. Secretary o* Interior

Jose 4illena (as the then )ayor o* 6a>ati in the 19s. "*ter

investi+ation, the Secretary o* Interior reco))ene the susension

o* 4illena (ith the $**ice o* the resient (ho arove the sa)e.

he Secretary then susene 4illena. 4illena averre clai)in+ that

the Secretary has no -urisiction over the )atter. he o(er or

-urisiction is lo+e in the local +overn)ent Kthe +overnor ursuant

to sec &188 o* the ")inistrative Coe. Aurther, even i* the

resonent Secretary o* the Interior has o(er o* suervision over

local +overn)ents, that o(er, accorin+ to the constitution, )ust be

exercise in accorance (ith the rovisions o* la( an the rovisions

o* la( +overnin+ trials o* char+es a+ainst elective )unicial o**icials

are those containe in sec &188 o* the ")inistrative Coe as

a)ene. In other (ors, the Secretary o* the Interior )ust exercise

his suervision over local +overn)ents, i* he has that o(er uner

existin+ la(, in accorance (ith sec &188 o* the ")inistrative Coe,

as a)ene, as the latter rovisions +overn the roceure to be

*ollo(e in susenin+ an unishin+ elective local o**icials (hile

sec 79 /C0 o* the ")inistrative Coe is the +enera la( (hich )ust

yiel to the secial la(.

ISSUE2 ;hether or not the Secretary o* Interior can susen an LU

o**icial uner investi+ation.


16/17

Pursuant to Section 187 o* the Local overn)ent Coe, the Secretary

o* Justice ha, on aeal to hi) o* *our oil co)anies an a taxayer,

eclare $rinance %o. 779', other(ise >no(n as the 6anila

Bevenue Coe, null an voi *or non5co)liance (ith the rescribe

roceure in the enact)ent o* tax orinances an *or containin+certain rovisions contrary to la( an ublic olicy.

In a etition *or certiorari *ile by the City o* 6anila, the Be+ional

rial Court o* 6anila revo>e the Secretary?s resolution an sustaine

the orinance, holin+ inter alia that the roceural re#uire)ents ha

been observe. 6ore i)ortantly, it eclare Section 187 o* the Local

overn)ent Coe as unconstitutional because o* its vesture in the

Secretary o* Justice o* the o(er o* control over local +overn)ents in

violation o* the olicy o* local autono)y )anate in the Constitution

an o* the seci*ic rovision therein con*errin+ on the Presient o* thePhiliines only the o(er o* suervision over local +overn)ents.

he court cite the *a)iliar istinction bet(een control an

suervision, the *irst bein+ 3the o(er o* an o**icer to alter or )oi*y

or set asie (hat a suborinate o**icer ha one in the er*or)ance o*

his uties an to substitute the -u+)ent o* the *or)er *or the latter,

(hile the secon is 3the o(er o* a suerior o**icer to see to it that

lo(er o**icers er*or) their *unctions is accorance (ith la(.

ISSUES2

he issues in this case are

/10 (hether or not Section 187 o* the Local overn)ent Coe is

unconstitutional an

/&0 (hether or not the Secretary o* Justice can exercise control, rather

than suervision, over the local +overn)ent

e it on either or both o* these +rouns. ;hen he alters or

)oi*ies or sets asie a tax orinance, he is not also er)itte to

substitute his o(n -u+)ent *or the -u+)ent o* the local +overn)ent

that enacte the )easure. Secretary =rilon i set asie the 6anila

Bevenue Coe, but he i not relace it (ith his o(n version o* (hat

the Coe shoul be.

"n o**icer in control lays o(n the rules in the oin+ o* an act. It they

are not *ollo(e, he )ay, in his iscretion, orer the act unone or re5

one by his suborinate or he )ay even ecie to o it hi)sel*.

Suervision oes not cover such authority. he suervisor or

suerintenent )erely sees to it that the rules are *ollo(e, but he

hi)sel* oes not lay o(n such rules, nor oes he have the iscretion

to )oi*y or relace the). In the oinion o* the Court, Secretary

=rilon i recisely this, an no )ore nor less than this, an so

er*or)e an act not o* control but o* )ere suervision.

Be+arin+ the issue on the non5co)liance (ith the rescribe

roceure in the enact)ent o* the 6anila Bevenue Coe, the Court

care*ully exa)ine every exhibit an a+ree (ith the trial court that the

roceural re#uire)ents have inee been observe. he only

excetions are the ostin+ o* the orinance as arove but this

o)ission oes not a**ect its valiity, consierin+ that its ublication in

three successive issues o* a ne(saer o* +eneral circulation (ill

satis*y ue rocess.


17/17

Lacson56a+allanes v. Pano

&1 SCB" 89G Political La( =ele+ation o* Control Po(er to the

Executive Secretary

Jose 6a+allanes (as er)itte to use an occuy a lan use *orasture in =avao. he sai lan (as a *orest !one (hich (as later

eclare as an a+ricultural !one. 6a+allanes then cee his ri+hts to

Lacson56a+allanes Co., Inc. /L6C0 o* (hich he is a co5o(ner.

Jose PaRo (as a *ar)er (ho asserte his clai) over the sa)e iece o*

lan. he =irector o* Lans enie PaRo?s re#uest. he Secretary o*

"+riculture li>e(ise enie his etition hence it (as elevate to the

$**ice o* the Presient.

Executive Secretary Juan Pa-o rule in *avor o* PaRo. L6C averrethat the earlier ecision o* the Secretary o* "+riculture is alreay

conclusive hence beyon aeal.

executive cases compiled

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