Excavation control - Shaping your rock mass using energy distributionSeptember 2014

WealthUnearthed

Simon Tose – Global Mining Optimisation Manager

Underground Massive Mining- Shaping your rock mass using energy distribution

30m 63L

61L15m

Underground Massive Mining- Undercut

u Total meters : 87m

u Longest hole : 12m

u Tons : 488 tons

AVERAGE PER RING

30m

63L

61L

Underground Massive Mining- Trough

u Total meters : 1 337m

u Longest hole : 22m

u Tons : 6 890 tons

TOTAL TROUGH

7 Rings

FRONT SIDE

Ring Drive

Underground Massive Mining- Shaping your fragmentation using electronic energy

Comparison of the fragmentation resultsfrom the use of

Electronic detonatorsand

Shock tube initiating systems

under similar mining conditionsFragBlast7 2002

Ring Drive

Underground Massive Mining- Shaping your fragmentation using electronic energy

Comparison of the fragmentation resultsfrom the use of

Electronic detonatorsand

Shock tube initiating systems

under similar mining conditionsFragBlast7 2002

Ring DriveRing DriveRing DriveRing Drive

DrillingDrillingDrillingDrilling

Hole No. PlannedHole

Length

RequiredChargeLength

RequiredCharge Mass

Timing

1 29.7 27.2 169.2

2 32.2 11.4 70.9

3 35.0 20.1 125.1

4 38.0 13.3 82.8

5 41.1 38.6 240.2

6 39.7 14.2 88.4

7 37.8 23.6 146.8

8 36.2 12 74.7

9 35.0 32.3 201.0

10 34.2 11.5 71.6

11 33.7 20 124.4

12 33.7 11.2 69.7

13 34.2 31.5 196.0

14 35.0 11.8 73.4

15 36.1 30.7 191.0

16 Left 200

17 Left 225

18 Right 200

19 Right 225

Ring Design

• Additional holes added to original design– To remove cone pillars and cater for possible oversized rocks as result of any pit sidewall failure

– Charged 2 m, 12.4 kg

0

0

00

25

25

2525

50

50

5050

75

75

75

75100

100

100

100

125

125

125

125

150

150

150

150

175

175

• Anfex (ANFO) prime explosive• 3.0 m burden between rings• Timing between holes 25 ms

BlastingBlastingBlastingBlasting

DrawpointDrawpointDrawpointDrawpoint

LoadingLoadingLoadingLoading

RepeatRepeatRepeatRepeat

DrillingDrillingDrillingDrilling

Electronics- Shaping your fragmentation

• Loading improvement, measured whilst capturing images (+10%)

• Looser muckpile / more uniform / less oversize rock

• Reduction in secondary blasting at tips (None)

• Improved perimeter and reduced overbreak observed

• Shocktube indicated 50% less tonnage at drawpoint

Excavation control- Understanding fragmentation

Management of fragmentation within software

Selection of hole diameter

Mass of explosive per metre of blasthole

Burden and spacing

Flexibility

Charging of up holes

Ground vibration

“Back to Basics”

“Best practises”

Minimum Toe spacing = 3.6m

Burden of 2.0m

To minimise potential pillar formation

Open stope

Crown Section

Ring Drilling and Blasting

• Retention of explosives in large diameter up-holes

• “Sticky product”

• Understanding collar positions to avoid cut-offs

AEL Ring

(2011)

SOFTWARE

Ring 2000

(1997)

Powder factor vs. Block height- “Best practise”

Burden vs. Spacing, powder factor, size of circle- “Best practise”

Ring Design & Software 2014

Down ring

Complete ring

Up ring

Side ring

Ring Drilling

Highlighting inadequate charge density

Computer generated charging pattern Charge density inadequate on left side

Explosive energy Distribution

Blast firing simulation

Where did the bang go??

Timing

Plan view of Toe – Timing

Void

Factors that influence the design of ring drilling and blasting

Basic mine layout

Selection of hole diameter

Selection of explosives

Determination of drilling pattern

Charging of holes

Initiation

Trough Rings- Improving safety & productivity

• Development of Draw levels

• Sequence

Trough rings- Improving safety & productivity

HOLE NR

1

2

TROUGH LAYOUT WITH RAISE BORE HOLE & RINGS

3 3 5500 MS 3 3

1 1 1 1

2 2 2 2

1

2

1 1

2 2

RING RING

R 1 R 7

RINGS

3

4

5 5 5 5 5

RING RING RING RING

R 6R 5R 4R 3R 2

RING

2.0 m2.0 m2.0 m 2.0 m 1.5 m 1.5 m

7

9

8

7

16 16 16 16

7

14 6500 MS

11

11

16 16 16

6 6 6

14

13 13

9

10 9

13

10

14

5500 MS

12

9

11

5006000 MS

9

11 10

14

1500 MS

2000 MS 0 MS

8 8

2500 MS 500 MS

2000 MS

0 MS 1500 MS

880 MS 0 MS0 MS

1000 MS

3000 MS8 8

77 7

1500 MS

2500 MS

3500 MS

4500 MS

7500 MS

7500 MS

3500 MS

4500 MS

5500 MS

6500 MS

7500 MS

7500 MS

4 4

36500 MS

7500 MS

9500 MS

5600 MS

8500 MS

7000 MS

6500 MS

1000 MS

2500 MS

4500 MS 4

3500MS

6

5

4000 ms4

7500 MS

7500 MS

7000 MS

6000 MS

14

7500 MS

7500 MS

5000 MS

4000 MS

14

13

15 15

134500 MS

5000 MS

4000 MS

3000 MS

3000 MS

2000 MS

1000 MS

12 12

10 10

11 11

3000 MS

1500 MS

4000 MS

8500 MS

7500 MS

0 MS

3500 MS

9000 MS

8000 MS

6000 MS

14

13

12

2000 MS

15 15

9000 MS 7500 MS 7500 MS

7500 MS

7000 MS

6000 MS

5000 MS

9500 MS 7500 MS 7500 MS

7500 MS7000 MS 7500 MS151515

5000 MS 4000 MS

3000 MS 3000 MS

12

6500 MS

5500 MS

4500MS

4 4

8000 MS 7500 MS

6000 MS 5000 MS

4500 MS

3500 MS

2500 MS

111000 MS 1500 MS

10 10

9

5

3

0 MS

2000MS

1000MS

6 64000 MS

3000 MS

61500 MS 2000 MS

5000 MS

4000 MS

5000 MS

2000 MS

13

7

9

2500 MS2500 MS12 12

5500 MS

3500 MS

RAISE BORE HOLE

WEST

HIGHER NUMBER

EAST

WEST

LOWER NUMBER

EAST

RAISE BORE HOLE

First holes to be Blasted on Trough

Second holes to be Blasted on Trough

Seconded holes to be Blast on Trough

Last holes to be Blasted on Trough

will be ring 1,2,6,&7

Shaft design

Smoothwall blasting solutions

Design to drilling

Latest design software

Drilling/Charging

Integrate technology - Software

Barrels & minimum overbreak

Smoothwall

Decoupled charge Design and Guidelines

Timing – Meeting geological conditions/support and Advance requirements

Simulation

Timing in 3D what does it look like

Excavation control - Shaping your rock mass using energy distributionSeptember 2014

Thank You