Anatomy and Function of a Fish Respiratory, Circulatory, and Excretory Systems Part 3.
Excretory & Respiratory Systems
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Transcript of Excretory & Respiratory Systems
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Excretory & Respiratory SystemsLungs and Kidneys
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Gas Exchange: oxygen & CO2
• Earliest type: Simple diffusionType 1
Diffusion = movement of particles to equilibrium!
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Gas exchange: simple diffusion• Protists: amoebas etc• Plants: through stomata
Examples of organisms that
use simple diffusion
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Gas exchange: skin• Some amphibians, worms• Skin must be moist to open
pores!
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Gas exchange: insects
• Tracheal tubes
Tubes open to outside of body, allow passive diffusion of gas
SPIRACLES are valves that open and close
special openings to let in oxygen: SPIRACLES
not lungs!!!!
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Interesting idea: ancient giants• What was different about
earth’s atmosphere that would let insects grow so big?
more oxygen!!
Now, oxygen is at 21%
Then, it was at 30%!!!
http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/2431/attack-of-the-giant-insects
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Gas exchange: Gills• Thin layers of tissue
letting oxygen diffuse out of water into bloodletting CO2 diffuse out of blood into water
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Gills “counter-current exchange”
Fish, (bony & cartilaginous), Mollusks80% efficiciency rate
oxygenoxygen
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide
water
blood
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Lungs + Air Sacs: Birds• Birds have so
many air sacs, they can get fresh oxygen while inhaling OR exhaling!
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Mammals: nose or blowhole• Sinus cavities to filter air• Tissue to warm air
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Trachea: tube for air• Cartilage rings around it
keeps it from collapsingChoking: blockage of trachea
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Bronchi: branches into lungs• Looks like a
branching tree
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By the way: bronchitis is inflammation (swelling) of the bronchi
• Usually due to infection or allergies
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Asthma:
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Lungs: amphibians, reptiles, mammals
• Concurrent exchange system
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Lungs: getting oxygen from air• Expanding lungs =
contracting diaphragm
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Take a closer look at lungs:• ALVEOLI: small sacks
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Ocean mammals:• Lungs
• Nose or blowhole
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Smoker’s Lung:
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Excretion: water balance!• Urinary Tract: filters liquid
wastes from body, balances water in blood
RemovesNITROGEN ous
WASTES
Also: sweating!
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Kidney: contains NEPHRONS• Units of
tubing that remove excess water and liquid wastes from blood
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General idea of a nephron:• In the
glomerulus, blood is passed near the tubules to exchange materials
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Glomerulus• Blood can
exchange wastes with liquid
• Excess water will diffuse out of blood into renal tubule
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Wastes pass through URETER• To be stored in
bladder
• Passed out urethra to outside of body
• Exit controlled by sphincter
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Sphincters: open and close• Muscular “lock”
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Potty training kids: • Wait for nervous system to
reach voluntary sphincters• 13 months – 36 months
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Kidney Stones
Mineral deposits in kidneys or ureter
Painful!
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UTI: urinary tract infection• Bacterial infection• Can spread to kidneys if left
untreated
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Control of Water Balance:• Brain hormone ADH keeps
balance• HOMEOSTASIS
BEWARE!You can drink too much waterYou can drink too little water
You can kill babies by giving them too much water in their formula!
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What is dialysis? • When kidney’s fail, we have
to do their job with machines.• USE DIFFUSION!