Present Simple and Present Continuous

Exercise 1: Put the verbs between brackets in the correct form

1. Jane (not/drink) ____ tea very often.

2. What time (the banks/open) ____ in Britain?

3. Where (John/come) ____ from?

4. It (take) ____ me an hour to get to work.

5. She (not/wake) ____ up early on Sundays.

Exercise 2 : Put the verbs into the present continuous:

1. Listen to the birds. They (sing) _____.

2. Look at that one. It (fly) ____ high in the sky.

3. The other one (play) ____ with a worm.

4. I feel happy because I (have) ____ a good time here in these

woods.

Exercise 3 : Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple present or

present continuous)

1. Look! Sara (go) ____ to the movies.

2. On her right hand, Sara (carry) ____ her handbag.

3. The handbag (be) ____ very beautiful.

4. Sara usually (put) ____ on black shoes but now she (wear)

___ white trainers.

5. And look, she (take) ____ an umbrella.

Past Simple and Past continuous.

Exercise 1 : A) write the past tense of these verbs

verb Past tense

Verb Past tense

be Laugh

write Move

Have Become

get Lose

scream open

do Hide

B) Complete this paragraph. Use the past tense of each of the verbs in

part A.

My best friend in school _____ Miguel. He and I ____in Mrs.

Gilbert’s third grade class, and we ____ friends then. We often

____crazy things in class, but I don’t think Mrs. Gilbert ever really ___.mad at us. For example, Miguel ____.a pet rat named Curly.

Sometimes he ___ it in Mrs. Gilbert’s desk. Later, when she ___ the drawer, she always….loudly and the class….. After two years, Miguel’s family ____to another town. We ___letters to each other for a few years, but then we ___contact. I often wonder what he’s doing now.

Exercise 2: Complete what Jenny says using the following verbs in

the Past Continuous:

Verbs to use: watch, listen, sing, clean, cook, play, lie.

Jenny is telling her teacher why she couldn't study for an exam.

It was impossible for me to concentrate! I went to my bedroom and

my mother________ the carpet with the vacuum cleaner. Then I went

to the living room but my brother Paul ______ on the sofa. He

_____with his guitar. After that I decided to go to the kitchen. There,

my grandmother ______ and she ____also _____ TV. Finally, I went

out to the garden where I found my sister. She _____ to her Walkman

and she _____ at the top of her voice.

Exercise 3: Complete the following sentences with the correct

form (Past Simple or Past Continuous).

1. A: What (you, do) ____ when you heard that noise?

2. B: I (try) ______ to change a light bulb that had burnt out. 2.

After (find)_______ the wallet full of money, I (go,

immediately)_____ to the police and (turn)_____ it in.

3. The doctor (say) _____ that Brian (be) _____ too weak to go to

work and that he (need) ______ to stay at home for a couple of

days.

4. My best friend (arrive) ______ at my house a little before 9:00

pm, but I (be, not_____ there. I (study) _____ at the library for my

final examination in Italian

Present Perfect simple and Present Continuous:

Exercise1: write sentences in present perfect simple.

1. They / play / football :

2. He / speak / English :

3. I / write / a poem :

4. We / not / wash / the car :

5. Nancy / not / meet / her friend :

Exercise2: write the sentences in the Present Perfect Continuous.

1. Albert / squash / play :

2. Hannah / the match / watch :

3. we / in the park / wait :

4. you / a song / sing :

Exercise3: Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect

simple or continuous).

1. I think the waiter (forget) _____ us. We (wait) ___ here for over

half an hour and nobody (take) ____ our order yet.

2. I think you're right. He (walk) ____ by us at least twenty times.

He probably thinks we (order, already) _____.

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous

Exercise 1: Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using the Past

Perfect Simple.

A. My little brother ate all of the cake that I ______ (make).

B. The waitress brought a dish that we _____ (not / order) .

C. Last night I couldn't get in because I _____ (forget) my keys.

D. When we arrived at the station, the train _______ (go).

E. They didn't have any money because they _______ (pay) all the

bills.

F. We had a big party because we _____(pass) all our exams.

G. I got to the cinema at 6.30 but fortunately the film ________ (not

start) .

H. I was exhausted because I ________ (study) too much. to the

hotel.

Exercise 2: Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect

Continuous)

1. We (sleep)___ for 12 hours when he woke us up.

2. They (wait) ___ at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally

arrived.

3. We (look for) ___ her ring for two hours and then we found it in the

bathroom.

4. I (not / walk) ___ for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.

5. How long (learn / she) ___ English before she went to London?

6. Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) ___ in the rain too

long.

7. He (drive) ___ less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.

8. They were very tired in the evening because they (help) ___ on the

farm all day.

9. I (not / work) ___ all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at

night.

10. They (cycle) ___ all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

Exercise3: Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense

(past perfect simple or continuous.)

1. I (try ____ to get tickets for that play for months before my

friend finally got them.

2. When I arrived at the theater, my friend (pick, already)___ up

the tickets.

3. He was really angry because he (wait)__ for more than half an

hour when I arrived.

4. When the play started, I (already, apologize)___ to my friend.

5. We (watch) ___ the play when the lights went off.

Future simple and Future Continuous:

Exercise1: Put the verbs into the correct form (future Continuous).

1. Tomorrow morning we (work) ________ .

2. This time next week we (have)________ a party.

3. At midnight I (sleep) _________.

4. This evening we (watch) ______ a talk show.

5. They (not/do) _____ their homework this afternoon.

6. He (listen) _____ to music.

7. I (read) a book _____ this evening.

8. (walk / you) ______ home this afternoon?

9. He (not/draw) ______ tomorrow morning

10. They (argue) _______ again?

Exercise2: Put the verbs into the correct form (simple future)

James, 18 years old, asked an ugly fortune teller about his future.

Here is what she told him:

1. You (be) ______ very happy.

2. You (get) ______ a lot of money.

3. You (buy) ____ a beautiful house.

4. Your friends (envy) ______ you.

5. You (meet) _____ a beautiful girl.

6. You (marry) _____ her.

7. You and your wife (travel) ____ around the world.

8. People (serve) ______ you.

9. They (not/refuse) _____ to make you happy.

10. But all this (happen / only) _____ when you are 70 years

old.

Exercise3:

1. The tourists _____ (go) sight-seeing in the country all next week.

2. You ____soon ____(tell) what to do next.

3. They _____( be) here again at exactly 7 p.m. tomorrow.

4. The boy ______(teach) how to swim when he grows up.

5. You _____(give) a prize if you come first in the examination.

6. We ____ still _____ (sail) through the Red Sea when you arrive at

Cairo.

7. Where ____ you ____(stay) this time next year?

8. Your shoes ____ (be) ready in fifteen minutes.

9. He ______ (sleep) when you come this afternoon.

10. It _____still _______(rain) when we leave.

11. They ______(attend) a meeting between 2 p.m. and 4 p.m. today.

Future perfect

Check your overall knowledge of tenses

A Supply the correct tense of the verbs between brackets:

1. By this time next year my brother

(spend)……………… three years in Canada.

2. My sister (probably, get)………………married by

this time next year.

3. By the end of this century, we

(find)…………..cures for almost all life-

threatening diseases.

4. By Monday, we (finish)……………..the

baccalaureate exam.

5. They (expand)………………the neighboring

factory by the time we get back from our holiday.

6. By 2020, computers

(become)………………..ordinary gadgets in

almost all Moroccan homes just like fridges and

washing machines.

7. By the middle of this century, most of the diseases

(probably, disappear)…………………..

B- Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

1. “I’m sorry you got lost coming here. I (go)………………….to

meet you at the railway station if I (know)……………you

(want)……………..me to”. Henry said to a friend of his.

2. Roddy: when shall I come to get my TV set back?

TV repair: you can come at 7 o’clock tonight. I

(finish)……………….(repair)……………….it by then.

3. “Your work is far from satisfactory, I’m afraid. You made a lot

of mistakes. If you (pay)……………more attention, you

(make)……………….fewer mistakes and your scores

(be)……………..higher.” The teacher said to his class.

4. Rashid studied marketing in Brussels for four years. After he

(graduate)……………, he (move)………………..to England

where he (complete)…………………a two-year training course

in marketing. He (live)……………….now in London but spends

his time (travel)……………..abroad. He

(visit)…………….Tunisia and Egypt twice, but he (not

have)……………….the opportunity to visit the other Arab

countries yet.

5. Nadia had a terrible car accident on her way to the seaside last

Sunday. She wishes she (never, borrow)…………………..her neighbor’s car. Nadia’s husband didn’t stop (blame)………………her. “You (not have)………………. That silly accident if you (be)………………….more careful.” He kept

(say)………………. To her. Next time, I (not let)………………. You

(drive)………………my car in the future at all. I (not want)………………..you (damage)……………….it”

Conditional type 0, 1 , 2 and 3

Exercise1: Complete the sentences using : If/When or unless

1. Take the train ____ they are on strike again.

2. _____ you see them, say hello from me.

3. _____ you get there, call me.

4. _____ you have finished with it, bring it back.

5. Come with me ____ you have something better to do.

Exercisee 2: Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type I) by

putting the verbs into the correct form.

1. If you (send) ___ this letter now, she (receive) ___ it tomorrow.

2. If I (do) ____ this test, I (improve) ____ my English.

3. If I (find) ____ your ring, I (give) ___ it back to you.

4. Peggy (go) _____ shopping if she (have) ____ time in the afternoon.

5. Simon (go) ____to London next week if he (get) ____ a cheap flight.

6. If her boyfriend (phone / not) _____ today, she (leave) ____ him.

7. If they (study / not) ____ harder, they (pass / not) ____ the exam.

8. If it (rain) ____ tomorrow, I (have to / not) ____ water the plants.

9. You (be able/ not) ____ to sleep if you (watch) ____ this scary film.

10. Susan (can / move / not) __ into the new house if it (be / not)

___ ready.

11.

Exercise3 : Put the verbs in brackets into the gaps. Form

a Conditional sentence – type II.

1. If I ___ (to come) home earlier, I (to prepare) dinner.

2. If we ____ (to live) in Rome, Francesco _____(to visit) us.

3. If Tim and Tom ____(to be) older, they ____ (to play) in our

hockey team.

4. If he _____(to be) my friend, I ____(to invite) him to my

birthday party.

5. If Susan _____(to study) harder, she _____ (to be) better at

school.

Exericse3: Complete the Conditional Sentences (Type III) by

putting the verbs into the correct form. Use conditional II with

would in the main clause.

1. If you (ask) ____ me, I (help) ____ you.

2. If we (go) ____ to the cinema, we (see) ____ my friend Jacob.

3. If you (speak) ____ English, she (understand) ____.

4. If they (listen) _____ to me, we (be) _____ home earlier.

5. I (write) ____ you a postcard if I (have) _____ your address.

6. If I (not / break) ____ my leg, I (take part) ____ in the contest.

Phrasal Verbs

Check your knowledge of phrasal verbs

-A- Read the following passage and underline all the phrasal verbs

in the text. Then match them with their synonyms or definitions

below:

Everything seems to be going up these days. Food prices are going up.

Oil price is going up. People whose salaries go up are fortunate

because they can manage to live comfortably. On the contrary, people

without a good income find it difficult to cope with the high cost of

living.

Populations are going up, too. As a result, our natural resources are

being used up and pollution is threatening life on this planet.

However, we must not give up. Who knows what the future has in

store for us? We may feel depressed, but good fortune may turn up

soon. So, please don't lose heart and cheer up!

1.appear :............... 4.depleted:..............

2.be happy :............. 5.increasing :............

3.surrender :............. 6.deal with problems

successfully :............

-B- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the appropriate

phrasal verbs in the box:

Hurry up - stand for - hang up - check out - give up - come

across - lay off - take off - make up - run out of

1. We've ............................. milk, Jim. Will you please go to the

grocer's and get some?

2. "You'll have to .......................... smoking, otherwise your cough

will get worse," said the doctor to the patient.

3. The company went bankrupt due to financial difficulties. So the

employees were all ......................

4. We'll probably miss the opening ceremony if we don't.....................

5. .......................... your coat and ............it........... in the wardrobe.

6. I was rearranging my home library books when I .................... an

old school report of mine.

7. My brother is determined to emigrate somewhere. However, he

hasn't .................. his mind yet which country to go to.

8. "Could I have my hotel bill, please? I'm............... . I was in room

number 78."

9. Look at these abbreviations, Jacky. Do you know what they

..............?

Prefixes

A Add the following prefixes (un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, dis-)to the

adjectives in the box to make their opposites. Then complete

the sentences below:

1. Safe: …………….. 6. Curable: ……………

2. Respectful: …………… 7. Resistible: ………….

3. Fit: ……………. 8. Secure: ……………

4. Relevant: ………… 9. Kind: …………..

5. Logical: …………….. 10. Satisfied: …………

B- Fill in the blanks with an appropriate prefix from the box

below:

Un – im – in – over – il – ir – dis – mis –

sub – re – under

1. Many athletes in the last Olympic Games were

…………….qualified after positive blood tests.

2. Your composition is ………………..coherent. you need to ……………write it and make it more coherent.

3. It is …………….responsible of some country people not to send their children to school.

4. Will you please help me …………..load the furniture from the lorry and take it into the house?

5. The European Union is discussing new policies to stop

……………..legal immigration.

6. XZY is known to be a company where women are

……………worked and ………………paid. They do

more work than men, but get less pay.

7. My neighbor’s husband ………….appeared in her life after a ten-year absence.

8. I’m sorry to say this, but your son is a naughty student. He’s always …………..behaving.

9. Most of the English films shown on MBC2 are

………………. Titled in Arabic.

10.Mr Mokhtari, our teacher of English, is

………………..partial. He never discriminates against anyone in the class.

Suffixes

Check your overall knowledge of suffixes

A Turn the verbs in the box into nouns by adding any of the

following suffixes (‘-tion’ – ‘-ance’ – ‘-ment’ or ‘-ing’).

Verbs -tion -ance -ment -ing

Prevent-

treat-resist-

preserve-

inherit-

pollute-

achieve-

install-

subscribe-

solve-

recycle-

manage-

improve-

commit-

develop-

worsen-

destroy-

restore-

contribute-

accept-

measure-

satisfy-

receive-

allocate

B- Fill in the blanks with the correct suffix and make any

necessary changes:

1. It was fool……………..of him to start smoking again after all this time.

2. The best treat……………for a cold is just plenty of rest.

3. You ought to rewrite your composition. It’s full of care……………mistakes.

4. The legs of these trousers are too long. Could you

short………….them for me, please?

5. Heavy rely……………..on parents causes children more harm than good.

6. Rural girls couldn’t have benefited from education without

the government’s assist……………

7. The idea of equal………………..between men and women is fairly recent in Arab countries.

8. I’d like to make a suggest…………….here. how about meeting tomorrow to discuss our future plans for the

company expansion?

9. Most banks in Morocco have installed video cameras as

part of secure…………….measures.

10.I can’t understand Jamal Debbouz’s refuse………………to take part in that film.

In example a) Jack stopped in order to talk to his friend. In example b)

he used to talk to him but now he doesn’t any more. Perhaps they do not get on well with each other any longer.

Gerund and infinitive

Check your overall knowledge of the gerund and the infinitive

A- Put the following verbs in brackets in the infinitive or

gerund:

1. (Exclude)…………….women from the political scene is a hindrance to women empowerment.

2. Thank you for (devote)…………..some of your time to our association.

3. I like (keep)…………... all my credit card and receipts just in

case the bank makes a mistake.

4. What would you like (do)………………next weekend?

5. On my way to work, I usually stop (pick up)………………. Hitchhikers, whatever they look like.

6. “Have a cigarette!” “Sorry, I don’t smoke anymore. I stopped (smoke)……………about two months ago”.

7. After working continuously for four hours, we stopped

(have)…………….a meal.

8. When I need to remember (do)……………….something important, I tie a knot in my handkerchief so that I won’t forget.

9. Would you prefer (stay)…………….at home tonight or

(go)……………out?

B- Choose the correct answer:

1. He spent his time in Las Vegas………………..

(to sightsee – sightseeing – sightsee – going to sightsee)

2. ………………… a celebrity has both advantages and disadvantages.

(be – to be – been – being)

3. I couldn’t concentrate on my work because my brother kept…………………me with his silly questions.

(to bother – bother – bothering – bothered)

4. Although he didn’t have much money left, he insisted……………..everybody a drink.

(buying – to buy – about buying – on buying)

5. It was wrong of you……………her the way you did. You caused her a lot of embarrassment.

(to insult – insult – insulting – insulted)

Modal perfect

A- Match the following sentences with the meanings they

express:

1. It must have been a good

party. Everybody stayed

till dawn.

2. The music can’t have been

good. I saw nobody

dancing at all.

3. He could have had an

accident.

4. He didn’t turn up at the

party. He may have got

lost.

5. He should have telephoned

and let us know the cause

of the delay.

6. They could have helped the

hostess clean up the mess.

a. Ability

b. Certainty

c. Impossibility

d. Criticism

e. Probability

f. Possibility

B-Rewrite the following sentences using the

appropriate modal perfect:

1. I didn’t apologize to my neighbor for my rudeness.

That’s something I really regret.

I…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………..

2. I’m positive it was Susan who made the announcement

on the microphone. I recognize her voice.

It…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………

3. I’m certain the scooter rider wasn’t wearing his helmet

at the time of the accident.

The scooter

rider……………………………………………………

………………………………………

4. It wasn’t necessary to type that letter. I had word-

processed it.

You………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………….

5. I know she didn’t do the work on her own. I’m positive

that someone gave her a hand.

She……………………………………………..

Someone…………………………………………………

6. I telephoned Bobby late last night. He didn’t like it at

all.

I…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………

…

7. It’s like that the Chernobyl nuclear tragedy was caused

by human negligence.

The Chernobyl nuclear

tragedy…………………………………………………

…………………….

8. It was wrong of the industrialized world to squander

huge sums of money on armament

The industrialized

world……………………………………………………

…………………………….

9. The streets are all wet this morning. I’m almost certain

that it rained all night long.

It…………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………….

10. It wasn’t necessary for you to wait all that long.

You………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………….

Relative Clauses

A- Fill in the blanks with the appropriate relative pronoun:

1. The Paddington Hotel, ..................we stayed at while we were in

London, is rather expensive.

2. The hotel manager, to....................... I expressed my dissatisfaction

about the room service, turned out to be hard of hearing.

3. The Rai singer, .....................album is number one just now, is

coming to Saidia.

4. My uncle has a factory...................... employs a large number of

people.

5. The house, ....................has been empty for about a year, has just

been sold.

6. The man ................... name I can't remember is a talented comedian.

7. Jane's fiancé ..................works for Air France is hoping to get

transferred to another airline.

8. The children, ................... families were killed in the war, were all

taken to the nearest refugee camps.

9. Gad Elmaleh, .....................sense of humor is highly appreciated by

critics, is famous Moroccan comedian....................lives in France.

10. The United Nations is an international

organization...................mission is to maintain world peace and

security.

B- Join these sentences using "who, which, whose, that, whom":

1. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French. It was shipped to

America in 214 cases in the 19th century.

.................................................................................................................

.........................

2. Coppola said he had fallen in love with Morocco at first sight. His

latest film was shot in Ouarzazate.

.................................................................................................................

..........................

3. My sister has just got twin babies. She lives in Marrakesh.

.................................................................................................................

...........................

4. Morocco is suffering from a high rate of unemployment. Its

economy is based on agriculture and tourism.

.................................................................................................................

............................

5. Mr Morgan is an excellent colleague of mine. I have worked with

him for years now.

.................................................................................................................

............................

6. Jane is visiting us next week. You had the opportunity to meet her

once.

.................................................................................................................

............................

7. A friend of mine helped me find a part-time job in the summer, His

uncle is a manager of a company.

.................................................................................................................

.............................

8. The annual reception will be held at the Academy. It's for invited

guests only.

.................................................................................................................

............................

9. I complained to the directing manager. He was extremely rude.

.................................................................................................................

...........................

10. Tokyo is the most expensive city in the world. It has built a huge

airport in the sea.

.................................................................................................................

...........................

Reported Speech

-A- Report the following statements as suggested:

1."Keep the environment clean!" He said.

The city councillor ordered the

residents.......................................................................

2. "Don't leave your luggage unattended!" They wrote on the notice.

The notice on the wall reminded the

passengers........................................................

3. "I can't put up with the noise you are making". She said.

She told the

children....................................................................................................

4. " We want peace and harmony in the world." They shouted.

The crowd

shouted....................................................................................................

...

5. " A new policy will be adopted in the management of human

resources in the Ministry".

The Minister of Education informed the

journalists..................................................

6. " We've done very little to improve the working conditions of

immigrants in our country".

A Spanish government official

declared...................................................................

7. " You must unload your luggage so that I can check it." The

customs officer said.

The customs officer told

me....................................................................................

8. " I'll phone you back later in the evening." He told me.

He let me

know........................................................................................................

9. " We havent't been able to find the missing little girl yet."The police

officer said.

The police officer

confessed....................................................................................

10. " When I retire from my job, I'll set up my own business." The

man said.

The man told his

colleagues..................................................................................

-B- Report the following statements using the appropriate

reporting verbs in the box:

regretted - invited - compared - apologized - describes -

promised - refused - warned - blamed - recommended - offered -

ordered - admitted - confessed - advised - begged - revealed -

insisted - accused - suggested.

1. "If I see you hanging around here again, I'll call the police ." Father

said to the suspicious man.

.................................................................................................................

.....................

2. "Let's eat out tonight!" The husband told his wife.

.................................................................................................................

....................

3. "Charlie Chaplin is one of the greatest comedians the 7th art has

ever known." A critic said.

.................................................................................................................

.....................

4. "If only I had applied for that job!" My friend said sadly.

.................................................................................................................

.....................

5. "Yes, I stabbed the old lady with a knife and ran away." The

arrested man said.

.................................................................................................................

....................

6. "No, thanks! No more chocolate for me. I'm on diet." Mina said to

her hostess.

.................................................................................................................

....................

7. "Get a theatre ticket. The play is very interesting!" My friend told

me.

.................................................................................................................

.....................

Passive Voice

Check your overall knowledge of the passive

-A- Rewrite the following sentences as indicated:

1. People don't respect children's rights in many countries.

Children's

rights.....................................................................................................

2. Every week, they bring food supplies by helicopter to the

refugees.

Every week, food

supplies....................................................................................

3. Passengers must not us mobile phones on planes.

Mobile

phones......................................................................................................

4. They launched an anti-smoking campaign to sensitize the public

to the danger pf tobacco.

An anti-smoking

campaign...................................................................................

5. Scientists have made great progress in genetic studies.

Great

progress...................................................................................................

...

6. Some people consider speed as the main cause of accidents on

our roads.

Speed.......................................................................................................

............

7. You should take drastic measures if you want to keep your city

clean.

Drastic

measures.................................................................................................

8. They deported all illegal African immigrants to their home

countries.

All illegal African

immigrants.............................................................................

9. Many people think that the United Nations Organization ought

to be dismantled.

It

is..............................................................................................................

.......

10. We need to integrate environmental sustainability into all our

policy decisions.

Environmental

sustainability.............................................................................

-B- Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in the box:

Welcome - situate - furnish - reserve - include - serve - charge -

book - guarantee - equip

"The Ibis Hotel ....... in a quiet residential area within easy reach from

the city centre. It has got 50 bedrooms. They ........ all ......... to a high

standard. All rooms ........ with colour TV sets, coffee machines and

direct-dial telephones. Some rooms........ for non-smokers.

Breakfast........ ine the price and .........between 7 a.m. and 10 a.m. in

the Breakfast Bar. Dinner is avialable between 7 p.m. and 10 p.m. and

can ........ at Reception. A supplement of £3......... for a single room. So

don't miss this opportunity. Don't miss the friendly atmosphere

which......... at the Ibis Hotel. You ............ 24 hours a day."

-C- Supply the correct form of the verbs in brackets:

Mr Jefferson: What procedures do you abide by when you want to

recruit new employees?

Manager: Well, first of all, the vacant jobs (advertise).................... in

the newspapers or other media. When the applications arrive, they

(sort)................... and the unsuitable applications (discard).................

.Next, the candidates (interview).................... and the successful ones

(select)....................and (retain).................. .