EXCAVATION, BARRIERS AND TIMBERING

Mr. Syamsul Hendra Bin MahmudDepartment of Quantity SurveyingFaculty of the Built Environment

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

SBEQ 1112 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I

EXCAVATION WORKS• Excavation works can be define as the art or

process of excavating or digging.• Excavation works can be divided into three

types which are shallow, medium or deep excavation depends on their work elements.

• Average depth– Shallow (up to 1.50m deep)– Medium (between 1.50m – 3.00m deep)– Deep (over 3.00m deep)

EXCAVATION WORKS• Excavation works can be executed either– By manual– By mechanical plant and equipment

EXCAVATION WORKS• Examples of excavation works– Excavate for topsoil– Trench excavation– Excavation for pad footing– Excavation for raft foundation

BARRIERS• Examples for barriers on excavation works– Tripods with continuous tubular rail– Continuous rail fixed to poling boards– Close boarding– Hazards cone with metal stakes

BARRIERS• Examples for barriers on excavation works

GAMBAR BARRIERS DARI BUKU CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY

(BIRU)

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Timbering involved works for temporary supports to the sides of excavations.

• Also known as planking and strutting.• The side of excavations will need support to:– Protect the operatives while working in the

excavation.– Keep the excavation open as a retaining wall to

the sides of the trench.– Retain the surrounding soils

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Sides of excavation requires different amount of timbering.

• It depends upon several factors:– The nature of the soil to be upheld– The depth of the excavation– Vibration and load from nearby traffic or other

causes– Position of water tables– Climate conditions– Length the excavation to remain open

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Examples of timbering in hard soils

EDIT GAMBAR

TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Examples of timbering in firm soils

EDIT GAMBAR

TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Examples of timbering in dry loose soils

EDIT GAMBAR

TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Examples of timbering in loose wet soils

EDIT GAMBAR

TAK PERLU

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Adjustable metal struts

EDIT GAMBAR

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Examples

LUKIS SEMULA

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• Examples

LUKIS SEMULA

TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION

• REFERENCES– Chudley, R. and Greeno, R. (2007) Construction

Technology, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, England.

– Chudley, R. and Greeno, R. (2006) Building Construction Handbook, 6th Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, England.