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Geol 101: Physical GeologyPAST EXAM QUESTIONS

LECTURE 13: SEDIMENTARY ROCKS I

13. Sedimentary rocks are the most common type of rock at the Earths surface, but they actually only compriseabout _______ of the Earths crust altogether.A. 5%B. 10%C. 25%D. 50%

E. 75%

13. How much of the Earths crust is made up ofsedimentary rocks?A. 95%B. 75%C. 50%D. 25%E. 5%

13. Which of the following statements about sedimentary rocks is TRUE?A. sedimentary rocks only make up about 5% of the crustB. sedimentary rocks are the type of rock we see most often at the Earths surfaceC. diagenesis during burial turns loose sediment into sedimentary rockD. the process of turning loose sediment into rock is called lithificationE. all of the above

13. A short break in time during sediment deposition, or a small change in the sedimentary facies, results in thecreation of a/an:

A. unconformityB. angular unconformityC. bedding planeD. disconformityE. nonconformity

13. In sedimentary rock types, the term clastic means the same thing as:A. chemicalB. biochemicalC. biogenicD. detritalE. lithic

13. Which type of sediment consists of broken down particles of rocks produced by weathering and erosion?A. clastic

B. detritalC. lithic fragmentsD. all of the aboveE. none of the above

13. Detrital sedimentary rocks contain small particles of sediment called (1) ______. If these particles are brokendown pieces of rocks, they are called (2) _______.

A. (1) detritus (2) pebblesB. (1) detritus (2) grainsC. (1) clasts (2) detritusD. (1) clasts (2) lithic fragmentsE. (1) regolith (2) clastic fragments

13. Match the sedimentary rock type shale with the corresponding grain size below:A. clayB. silt

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C. sandD. pebbleE. boulder

13. Match the sedimentary rock type arkose with the corresponding grain size below:A. clayB. silt

C. sandD. pebbleE. boulder

13. Match the sedimentary rock type conglomerate with the corresponding grain size below:A. clay

B. siltC. sandD. pebbleE. none of the above

13. Match up the sediment type with the corresponding correct rock name:A. sand - conglomerateB. silt - mudstone

C. clay - arkose

D. sand - greywackeE. mud - chert

13. Sand produces sandstone and silt produces siltstone. What does clay produce?A. claystoneB. conglomerateC. arkose

D. graywackeE. shale

13. A good way to tell if a detrital sedimentary rock has silt in it is:A. by putting hydrochloric acid on it to see if it fizzesB. by licking itC. by chewing it vigorouslyD. by rubbing it gently across your teeth

E. by seeing if it sticks to your tongue

13. Which of the following pairs of words about sedimentary rocks belong together?A. detrital and evaporitesB. chemical and pebblesC. biochemical and coalD. chemical and chalkE. detrital and sandstone

13. Which of the following pairs of words about sedimentary rocks do NOT belong together?A. bedding and stratificationB. clay and mudC. chemical and sandstoneD. conglomerate and brecciaE. detrital and clastic

13. Sediment particles in quartz sandstone that formed in a desert are typically:A. poorly sorted and angularB. poorly sorted and well roundedC. well sorted and angularD. well sorted and well roundedE. made of feldspar

13. A typical feature of the sediment particles in glacially-produced tillite is that they:

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A. are poorly sorted and angularB. are poorly sorted and well roundedC. are well sorted and angularD. are well sorted and well roundedE. are typically found in the region of the Great Lakes

13. Into what category of sedimentary rocks does the type of rock fall that forms by the evaporation of water and

consequent precipitation of minerals like halite?A. gypsumB. detritalC. clasticD. chemicalE. biochemical

13. Which of the following is NOT a mineral commonly produced by evaporation of seawater?A. haliteB. limestoneC. gypsumD. calciteE. all of the above are minerals that can form by evaporation

13. What type of sedimentary rocks formed when the Mediterranean Sea evaporated during the Pliocene epoch?

A. detritalB. chemicalC. biochemicalD. biogenicE. clastic

13. Which of the following terms or products are NOT associated with the evaporation of seawater?

A. haliteB. evaporitesC. gypsumD. calciteE. apatite

13. The remains of sea organisms with shells made ofsilica accumulate on ocean bottoms as biogenic sedimentthat eventually forms a type of rock called:

A. rock saltB. limestoneC. chertD. phosphoritesE. peat

13. The two possible forms of sediment production that allow limestone to form are:A. biochemical and biogenicB. biogenic and detrital

C. bioclastic and detritalD. detrital and chemicalE. biogenic and clastic

13. Living creatures can be involved in the production of sedimentary rocks by two different processes: biochemicaland biogenic. Which of the following can form ONLY through a biochemical process?

A. phosphoritesB. chalkC. chertD. coquinaE. limestone

13. Which of the following rocks cannot possibly have formed as a biogenic sedimentary rock?A. limestoneB. chalkC. chert

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D. rock saltE. coal

13. Which of the following correctly describes the process that occurs during lithification?A. partial meltingB. diagenesisC. metamorphism

D. migmatite developmentE. metasomatism