Examining the Intersection of Gender and Work
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Examining the Intersection of
Gender and Work
Powell ix-xx
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In-class activity #3• Blue Collar vs. Pink Collar Jobs• Three tasks:
– Identify each occupation as a blue collar job (male job) or pink collar job (female job)
– Include one aspect of that job that brought your group to this conclusion
– Approximate the percentage of that occupation that is the majority gender
• Extra Credit Opportunity for Group– 1 point for identifying blue or pink collar correctly– 2 points for being within 4 percentage points of actual
composition
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Women may be in “male jobs” but their wages are less then a comparable male’s wage
WHY???
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Discrimination
• By employer
• By other employees
• By the customer
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Or….not discrimination
• Less investment in human capital– Women are more likely to finish high school;
men are more likely to get an advanced degree
• Enter lower paid occupations
• Hold lower level positions
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Sex vs. Gender
• Sex = Biological property of individuals– Sexual characteristics
• Gender = psychological and social ramifications of being male or female– Girly, macho, emotional, dominate…
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Sex and Gender is not the whole story• Also must include
– Race– Ethnicity– Culture
• Adds serious complications
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Gender typecasts occupations
• Influences wage
• Influences opinion about that job and the person within the job
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Quarter Overview on Gender• Gender’s impact on interviews• Gender’s impact on job evaluations and
promotions• Environmental changes due to changes in
gender composition• Sexuality in the workplace
– Welcome, i.e. relationships– Unwelcome, i.e. sexual harassment– Same sex relationships
• Affirmative Action
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Common Sense about the “Other” (Essed p. 6-13)
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Common Sense about the “Other” (Essed p. 6-13)
• Who is the “other”?• What is racism?
– Thoughts of racial superiority– Founded in belief that race defines a person– Assumption that group differences are BIOLOGICALLY
determined and unchangeable• People are very sensitive to being called a racist• Bugs Bunny examples…
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• What part did racism play in our society in the past?– Hierarchy– Appropriate
• What part does it play today?– No Hierarchy– Not appropriate
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Old vs. New Ideology
• Old: Not like because– Dirty– Ugly– Not intelligent
• New: Not like because– On welfare– Don’t speak proper English– Live on the east side
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How is racism transmitted?
• Politics• Media
• Education• Socialization
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Forms of Racism
• Overt Racism– Direct behavioral or verbal racially discriminatory acts
• Covert Racism– More subtle– Thoughts or indirect actions of racially discriminatory acts
• Three ways to look at– Individual– Institutional– Cultural
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Individual Racism
• Overt example:– An Arabic male student is brutally murdered
out of hate• Covert example:
– An employer decides not to hire an Asian American employee because she believes that the employee might drive away business, but tells the person that there are no more openings available
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Institutional Racism
• Overt Example:– A country club that has clearly written rules
which precludes any non-White members• Covert Example:
– An academic curriculum that only emphasizes European American History and does not address the history of other ethnic/cultural groups
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Cultural Racism
• Overt example:– The extermination of Jews in the Holocaust
• Covert example: – The unrealistic and stereotypical portrayal of
ethnic minorities in the media
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Consequences of Racism
• On the minority or target group– Low self-esteem, depression, anxiety– Limited access to necessary and desired
resources– Limited freedom and/or death
• On the majority or dominate group– Continued ignorance– Pressure to maintain the status quo– Impairment of moral development
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In-class exercise 4
COLOR BLIND In this provocative program, five students
from a variety of cultural and ethnic backgrounds speak with candor about racial harassment at their high school in an effort to encourage teenagers to examine their own
attitudes and behaviors.