SNC1D Exam Review

Exam Review Package #2 Sustainable Ecosystems: ENERGY FLOW in ECOSYSTEMS 1. The Sun supplies all the Earth’s energy in the form of ______________________ energy. Approximately _____ % of this energy is absorbed by the hydrosphere and the lithosphere and converted into thermal energy. 2. Write the word equation for photosynthesis in the space below. 3. All organisms require food for their energy, whether they make the food or eat the food. Food has stored energy that is released to the cell in the process of _______________________________. 4. Write the word equation for cellular respiration in the space below. 5. ___________________________ are organisms that cannot make their own food and must eat other living things in order to survive. 6. We can organize consumers into categories according to what they eat. a) ____________________ eat plants or other producers b) ____________________ eat other animals c) ____________________ eat both plants and animals d) ____________________ eat remains of other organisms PYRAMID ANALYSIS Pyramid analysis allows us to study the flow of energy in a food chain/web using actual numbers. This allows us to predict the effects of different scenarios on ecosystems. 1 hawk 20 snakes 400 mice 500 000 insects 12 000 000 000 blades of grass

Pyramid of numbers

SNC1D Exam Review 1. In the box below, develop a labeled biomass pyramid from the numbers pyramid shown above. Biomass Pyramid mass of one hawk: 2500 g mass of one snake: 130 g mass of one mouse: 50 g mass of one insect: 0.5 g mass of one blade of grass: 0.2 g 2. How much food in mass is available for the hawk to consume if it only eats snakes? Show your calculations. 3. How much food in mass is available for the hawk to consume if it eats snakes AND mice? Show your calculations. 4. How much energy was used by the organism for its daily activity? 5. How much is passed on to the next tropic level? 6. Suggest why hawks are solitary animals. CYCLING of MATTER The matter that is part of every living thing has been cannot be created nor destroyed but must come from somewhere. In order to continue to supply the matter required, ecosystems must cycle this matter through the living and non-living components. These processes are called biogeochemical cycles.

SNC1D Exam Review 1. Draw a labeled diagrams for the carbon cycle. 2. Put each term in the box in the correct space of the Venn diagram. Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration BIOTIC and ABIOTIC INFLUENCES on the ECOSYSTEM 1. The Carrying capacity of an ecosystem is? 2. What is tolerance range? How can this be explained using a diagram?

• produces CO2 • consumes CO2 • belong to Carbon cycle • produces energy • consumes energy •produces glucose • consumes glucose •produces O2 • consumes O2

• requires light • involed in metabolism • plants only • all living things

SNC1D Exam Review Chemistry: 1a. What is matter?

b. What are the 3 states of matter? 2a. What is a physical change?

b. What are the 3 ‘clues’ that a physical change has taken place? 3a. What is a chemical change?

b. What are the 5 ‘clues’ that a chemical change has taken place? 4. Decide whether the descriptions below are examples of a physical change (P) or chemical change (C). ____ ice melting ____ baking a cake ____ cutting carrots ____ a fire burning ____ a firecracker exploding ____ breaking glass ____ a car rusting ____ mixing salt and pepper 5. a) Describe the meaning of the following physical properties and provide an example of each:

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY MEANING EXAMPLE

Hardness

Malleability

Solubility

Ductility

Melting/Boiling Point

Conductivity

b. Complete the table below of the chemical properties:

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PROPERTY MEANING EXAMPLE

Combustibility

Reaction with Acid

Corrosion

6 a. Match the term on the left with the description on the right. ____ Pure Substance a. can only see 1 phase ____ Compound b. the same properties and composition throughout ____ Homogeneous c. anything that has mass and takes up space ____ Mixture d. particle with 1 type of atom ____ Matter e. can see 2 or more phases ____ Heterogeneous f. 2 or more elements put together ____ Element g. different properties and composition throughout

SNC1D Exam Review 6 b. Use the words below to fill in the Classification of Matter table.

element, matter, heterogeneous, homogeneous, compound, pure substance,

7. Complete the following classification of matter table.

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER Type of Matter

Explain what this is Heterogeneous or

Homogeneous? or

N/A

Example

Element

Compound

Solution

Mechanical Mixture

8. Using the terms given below, complete the following sentences related to gas tests. burst into flame turn cloudy

hydrogen pink

pop carbon dioxide

glowing

a) When testing for _____________ gas, a flaming splint will __________. b) When testing for oxygen gas, a __________ splint will

______________________. c) When testing for ___________________ gas, limewater will

_________________. 9. Write the symbol for the following elements: _____ carbon _____ potassium _____ nitrogen _____ calcium

_____ boron _____ helium _____ sodium _____ beryllium

Mixture

SNC1D Exam Review 10. Write the name of the element for the following symbols: Li _________________ K _________________ Al _________________ S __________________ Ne _________________ Si __________________ H __________________ O __________________

SNC1D

11. Draw Bohr diagrams for the following elements.

Nitrogen

Sodium Chlorine

12. Draw Bohr diagrams for the most likely ions that these elements will form.

Lithium

Fluorine Aluminum

13. Complete the following chart. Standard Atomic Notation

Atomic Number

Mass Number

# protons # electrons # neutrons

94Be2+

14

10

14

79

34

36

15

31

18

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14 a. Protons have a _____________ charge. b. Electrons have a ________________ charge. c. Neutrons have a charge of __________. For the following question, describe the location of the 3 subatomic particles within an atom. 15a. Protons are found __________________________________________ b. Electrons are found ________________________________________ c. Neutrons are found _________________________________________ 16. Complete the following charts on counting atoms. a) Na2CrO4 b) 2(K2S) c) 4Mg(NO3)2

Questions 17 and 18 refer to the Periodic Table of Elements. 17a. Vertical columns are called ____________________ b. Horizontal rows are called _____________________ c. Metals are found on the ____________________ side d. Non-metals are found on the _________________ side e. Elements which are metalloids are ________________________________ e. Transition metals are found in groups ______________

Element # of Atoms

Element # of Atoms

Element # of Atoms

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18 a. Elements found in group 1 (IA) are called __________________________ b. Elements found in group 2 (IIA) are called _________________________ c. Elements found in group 17 are called _____________________________ d. Elements found in group 18 are called _____________________________ 19. A piece of lead is placed in a graduated cylinder that initially reads 10.0 mL. After a piece of lead is added to the graduated cylinder, it has a new reading of 45.6 mL. What is the mass of the lead? (density of lead = 11.3 g/cm3) Electricity: 1. a. What is the charge of a protons? b. What is the charge of an electron? c. What is the charge of a neutron? 2. a. What is static electricity? b. What is current electricity? 3. Complete the following table.

INSULATOR CONDUCTOR

Definition

Type of Electricity (Static or Current)

Examples

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4. List the 3 parts of the Law of Electric Charges. i. ii. iii. 5. Complete the following table.

Object A Object B Attract or Repel positive positive neutral positive negative neutral positive negative negative negative 6. Use the table of the electrostatic series to draw a diagram and explain what happens when the following objects are rubbed together a. Glass rubbed with plastic Before rubbing After rubbing b. Calcium rubbed with platinum Before rubbing After rubbing c. If acetate has a weak hold on electrons it will __________________(lose/gain) electrons when rubbed with rubber, which has a strong hold on electrons.

Electrostatic Series WEAK

Acetate Glass

Fur, Hair Calcium

Silk Aluminum

Cotton Wax

Ebonite Plastic Rubber Carbon Sulfur

Platinum Gold

STRONG

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7. Complete the following table of circuit diagrams.

TERM DEFINITION SYMBOL Cell/Battery/Power Supply

Conductor/Wire Path that carries electric current

Load/Resistor Resists flow of electrons

Switch

Light Bulb Device within a circuit

Ammeter

8. a. In an electric circuit, where do electrons leave from and return to? b. In an electric circuit, what do electrons move through? 9. a. If the switch in a circuit is open, what does it mean? b. If the switch in a circuit is closed, what does it mean? 10. a. What is a series circuit? b. What is a parallel circuit?

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11. a. Sketch a circuit that has: • 28V battery • two light bulbs wired in series that are parallel to a third bulb • an open switch controlling the entire circuit • arrows showing electron flow

b) Sketch a circuit that has

• 9V power supply • two light bulbs wired in series, in parallel with the third bulb • a fourth bulb placed in such a way that if it is unscrewed nothing in

the circuit works • an open switch controlling the entire circuit • a second open switch controlling each of the parallel branches only

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12. Complete the following table.

VARIABLE MATHEMATICAL SYMBOL

UNIT

Charge Current

Potential Difference/Voltage Resistance

13. a. What does an ammeter measure? b. What does a voltmeter measure? 14. What is the formula for Ohm’s Law? 15. A heater has a resistance of 8.0Ω when it is plugged into a 110V outlet. What is the current? 16. Identify the following circuits as series or parallel.

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17. Complete the following Formula Table. COMPONENT SERIES CIRCUIT FORMULA PARALLEL CIRCUIT

FORMULA

Current (I)

Potential

Difference (V)

Resistance (R)

18. Solve for each of the following circuits using Ohm’s Law and the formulae for series and parallel circuits:

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19. a) Solve for equivalent (total) resistance (Req) when a 4Ω bulb and 6Ω bulb are connect in Series:

a) In a Parallel circuit, you have a Vs of 6V and Is of 14A.

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21. Mr. Spacie conducted an electricity experiment involving Ohm’s Law. During the experiment, he measured both the potential difference (V) and noted the current (I). In the table below are Mr. Spacie’s experimental results. a) Plot the information on the graph below b) Draw the line of best fit c) Find the resistance by using the slope of your line of best fit. d) What is the voltage when current is 0.18A? _________ e) What is the current when voltage is 6.0V? _________

REMEMBER TO TITLE YOUR GRAPH AND AXES!!!

Current (A) Voltage (V) 0.5 1.4 1.0 2.2 1.5 3.7 2.0 4.9 2.5 6.1 3.0 7.3

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Astronomy:

1. Put each term in the box in the correct space of the Venn diagram.

2. Label the diagram using the terms in the box.

3. Circle the best answer to complete the sentence. In the northern hemisphere, summer is warmer than winter because

__________________. A. Earth’s northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun in summer and away from it

in winter. B. Earth’s northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun in summer and toward it

in winter. C. Earth is closer to the Sun in summer than in winter. D. Earth turns upside down in the winter.

• turning around axis • one object orbiting

another • an object is turning • takes Earth 24 h • takes Earth one year

Sun December June rotation revolution

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4. In the winter, sun light rays are more: ______________ (direct, indirect). In the summer, sun light rays are more: _____________ (direct, indirect). Seasons do occur at the equator but they’re not as noticeable as at higher latitudes 5. The longest daylight period in the northern hemisphere is on _________________ .

6. The longest daylight period in the southern hemisphere is on _________________ .

7. In the northern hemisphere on:

June 21st we will receive more hours of daylight or darkness? _________. March 21st daylight = ____ hours and darkness = ____ hours. December 21st we will receive more or less hours of daylight? _______. September 21st, more, less or the same # of hours of daylight & darkness? _______.

8. On certain dates, all places on Earth experience equal hours of day and night. When do we experience this?

Explain why.

9. In the winter how is the Earth tilted relative to the Sun in the

(a) northern hemisphere and the (b) southern hemisphere?

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10. What causes seasons?

11. Describe the formation of planets and stars? 12. List the planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun. 13. What is a Jovian Planet and where are they located in relation to terrestrial planets? 14. Using the diagram below, identify which elements are present in the Mystery Star:

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15. Name the phase that the moon is in during the specified days: Day 0: ____________________ Day 1-7: ___________________ Day 8: ____________________ Day 9-15: __________________ Day 16: ____________________ Day 17-22: __________________ Day 23: ____________________ Day 24-29: __________________

16. Explain both the Geocentric and the Heliocentric models of the solar system. Be sure to include who originated each theory and important aspects of each. 17. What is the difference between redshift and blueshift? 18. Explain 2 pieces of evidence that prove that the earth is a sphere.