1. Homo Sapiens RepresentationalImages Upper Paleolithic

2. Evidence of the beginning of abstract thought 3. Communication (Language) 4. Prehistoric Media 5. Prehistoric Sculpture:Woman (Venus) of Willendorf(Austria: c.25000 BC) 6. RELIEF SCULTPURE 7. ENGRAVING 8. IN SITU In its original site 9. Prehistoric Media: Cave PaintingOldest cave paintings yet discovered:Chauvet Caves, France, between 30,000 and 40,000 years old. Thetradition continues largely unchanged until after 10,000 BC. 10. Subject matter: (mostly) animals CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 11. Deep inside the cavesCAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 12. Hard to reach places CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 13. Continually paint in thesame areas, even overlong periods of time;paint over pre-existingimagesCAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 14. Humans depicted more crudelyCAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 15.

Emphasis on

sexuality

16. Composite figures CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 17. Abstract marks CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 18. Damaged (intentionally)CAVE PAINTING: CHARACTERISTICS 19. Marcelino Sanz deSautola (1880): publishes Some Brief Notes onPrehistoric Objects fromthe Province of Santander. It has been proved that Prehistoric men depicted pictures of animals on hard surfaces and tools,and it is beyond doubt that the paintings in Altamira are just as old. Published drawing by Sautola of the Altamira paintings 20. Painting from Altamira Prehistoric art: SYMPATHETIC MAGIC? 21. Ethnographic Projection 22. Prehistoric art: SHAMANISM? 23. The Abbe (Henri) Breuil:HUNTING MAGIC 24. The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: --Relates Prehistoric Art to hunting. --Believes art began with a desire for disguise,and the first medium was masks, which werea necessity for hunting since they enabledmen to approach nearer to animals. Alsoclaims prehistoric men would believedisguises would give them a supernaturalpower over the animals. --Cave and rock art initially developed frompeople noticing resemblances betweenlines and cave walls and the anatomy ofanimals. Art was begun and developed byhunters, who again believed it would givethem a supernatural power over animals. --The reason Art is a pronouncedphenomenon only in some areas it that it could develop only where big game hunting actually occurred. 25. The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: HUNTING MAGIC SYMPATHETIC MAGIC DESIGNED TO AID IN HUNTING 26. The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: HUNTING MAGIC ANIMALS AS SUBJECTS: FOOD SUPPLY, MATERIALS (skins, bones for tools) 27. ABSTRACT MARKS: TRAPS The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: HUNTING MAGIC Cage 28. DAMAGED: SYMBOLICALYDESTROY ANIMALTO GAIN CONTROL The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: HUNTING MAGIC 29. HARD TO REACH PLACES: PLACES OF POWER (MAGIC) The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: HUNTING MAGIC 30. PAINT OVER IMAGES:ONCE USED, THEIRFUNCTION IS COMPLETE The Abbe (Henri) Breuil: HUNTING MAGIC 31. Criticisms of Hunting Magic: THE ANIMALS THEY HUNTEDWERE NOTTHE SAME AS THE ANIMALS THEY PAINTED 32. Prehistoric art: FERTILITY MAGIC (Fertility totems?) SEXUAL SYMBOLISM 33. No face Little attention paid to limbsEmphasis: Gender-specificand sexualattributes Enlarged breasts

Swollen belly, as if

pregnant

Pronounced genitaliaAlso: traces ofred paint 34. MAX RAPHAEL: CLAN TOTEMS Underlying compositionof Altamira,by Max Raphael--Believed the paintings were notisolated images, but parts oflarge, planned compositions;they should be interpreted by the relationship of the parts tothe whole rather than asindividual motifs. --In terms of interpretation, hebelieved the animals representedtotems of clanssocial groupsrepresented by a horse, bison,mammoth, or some other animal.This is why certain animals were dominant in certain caves.Illustrations told storiesof struggles and interactions between clans. 35. ALEXANDER MARSHAK: LUNAR CALENDAR THEORY 36. JEAN CLOTTES (with DAVID LEWIS- WILLIAMS): --A return to theories involvingshamanism and magic --The caves represented a kind ofliminal space --Abstract markings may represent entoptic phenomenon. 37. NEOLITHIC: Catal Huyuk (Turkey) --The best preserved Neolithic city; near Konya, Turkey --Inhabited from c.7500 BC to c.5700 BC --Had a population of perhaps 10,000 people in mudbrick houses --The primary deity seems to to have been a femalefertility figure --The site was discovered in 1961 38. --DOLMEN --CAIRN --MEGALITHIC --MONOLITH --MENHIR/ALIGNMENT --POST --LINTEL (POST AND LINTEL) --TRILITH --MORTICE AND TENON --CROMLECH/HENGEMONUMENT NEOLITHIC STONE ARCHITECTURE (NORTHERN EUROPE) 39. Stonehenge