Ex3(sp10)key[1]

BIOL 2250 – Microbiology for Health Sciences Spring 2010Instructor: Renee McFarlane Exam 3

NAME _________________________________________

Mark your answers on BOTH the scantron sheet and on the test.

The test is worth 100 points. The multiple-choice will be worth 80 points and the true/false questions are worth a total of 20 points.

Please report any typos or numbering errors.

Finally, if a question is not clear, ASK for clarification. If you are confused about how to mark the answers on your scantron sheet ASK! Credit will not be given for unasked questions.

1.Which of the following results in long-term immunity?

a. the passage of maternal antibodies to her developing fetus

b. the inflammatory response to a splinterc. the administration of serum obtained

from people immune to rabiesd. the administration of the chicken pox

vaccinee. the passage of maternal antibodies to her

nursing infant

2.Which of the following best describes the difference in the way B cells and cytotoxic T cells respond to invaders?

a. B cells kills viruses directly; cytotoxic T cells kills virus-infected cells.

b. B cells secrete antibodies against a virus; cytotoxic T cells kill virus-infected cells.

c. B cells accomplish cell-mediated immunity; cytotoxic T cells accomplish humoral immunity.

d. B cells respond the first time the invader is present; cytotoxic T cells respond subsequent times.

3.Inflammationa. aids in temporary repair at an injury siteb. slows the spread of pathogensc. facilitates permanent repaird. All of the abovee. None of the above

4. Compared with nonspecific defenses, specific defenses

a. do not distinguish between one threat and another

b. are always present at birthc. protect against threats on an

individual basisd. deny entrance of pathogens to the body

5. Which of the following is not part of the body’s nonspecific defense system?

a. inflammationb. phagocytosis by neutrophilsc. phagocytosis by macrophagesd. antibodies

6. The process by which neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls in response to inflammatory signals is called

a. emigrationb. chemotaxisc. marginationd. opsonization

7. Which antibody class can fix complement?a. IgAb. IgDc. IgEd. IgFe. IgM

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8. Which antibody class is abundant in body secretions?

a. IgAb. IgDc. IgEd. IgGe. IgM

9. Septic shock due to gram-positive bacteria is caused by

a. A-B toxins.b. Lipid A.c. membrane-disrupting toxins.d. superantigens.

10. Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by:a. The Limulus amoebocyte lysate test.b. counting the viable bacteria.c. filtering out the cells.d. looking for turbidity.e. None of the above.

11. Which of the following choices show the order in which white blood cells migrate to infected tissues?

a. Macrophages - monocytesb. Lymphocytes - macrophagesc. Neutrophils - macrophagesd. Neutrophils - monocytese. Macrophages - neutrophils

For questions 12-15, match the letters to the appropriate description.

A. NeutrophilB. B cellC. Mast cellD. Helper T cellE. Memory B cell

12. Carries out humoral immunity B

13. Cell most commonly infected by HIV D

14. Contains histamines that trigger allergy

symptoms C

15. A phagocytic white blood cell A

16. Cytopathic effects are changes in the host cells due to

a. viral infections.b. protozoan and helminthic infections.c. fungal infections.d. bacterial infections.e. All of the above.

17. A needlestick is an example of which portal of entry?

a. Skinb. Parenteral routec. Mucous membranesd. Gastrointestinal

18. The mechanism by which gram-negative bacteria can cross the blood-brain barrier.

a. Producing fimbriaeb. Inducing endocytosisc. Producing toxinsd. Inducing TNFe. All of the above

19. Which of the following does not cause vasodilation?

a. Kininsb. Prostaglandinsc. Lysozymesd. Histamine

20. Which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths?

a. Basophilb. Eosinophilc. Lymphocyted. Monocytee. Neutrophil

21. Type of immunity resulting from the transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection.

a. Innate immunityb. Naturally acquired active immunityc. Naturally acquired passive immunity

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d. Artificially acquired active immunitye. Artificially acquired passive

immunity

22. The best definition of an antibody isa. a serum protein.b. a protein that inactivates or kills an

antigen.c. a protein made in response to an

antigen that can combine with that antigen.

d. an enzyme.e. None of the above

23. Which of the following causes pores in target cells?

a. Antigenb. Haptenc. IL-1d. IL-2e. Perforin

24. Cell death caused by perforin is caused bya. CD8 cellsb. TH cellsc. B cellsd. TC cells

25. Which subunit of the exotoxin is the binding portion of the molecule?

a. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E

26. Type of immunity resulting from vaccination.a. Innate immunityb. Naturally acquired active immunityc. Naturally acquired passive immunityd. Artificially acquired active immunitye. Artificially acquired passive immunity

27. The specificity of an antibody is due toa. the heavy chainsb. the light chainsc. the constant regions of the heavy and

light chainsd. the variable regions of the heavy and

light chains

e. All of the above

28. In the figure, the arrow at time d indicatesa. the time of exposure to the same antigen

at time a.b. the secondary response.c. the primary response.d. exposure to a new antigen.

29. IL-2, produced by TH cells,a. activate macrophages.b. stimulates TH cell maturation.c. causes phagocytosis.d. activates antigen-presenting cells.

30. Most Gram-negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) which is found in the

a. plasma membrane.b. cell wall.c. inner membrane.d. outer membrane.e. periplasmic space.

31. The definition of lysogeny isa. phage DNA is incorporated into the

host cell DNA.b. lysis of the host cell due to a phage.c. the period during replication when

virions are not present.

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d. when the burst time takes an unusually long time.

32. Which of the following is not a membrane-disrupting toxin?

a. A-B toxinb. Hemolysinc. Leukocidinsd. Streptolysin Oe. Streptolysin S

Use this figure to answer questions 33-34.

33. Which areas are different for all IgM antibodies?a. a and bb. a and cc. b and cd. c and de. a and d

34. What can attach to a host cell?a. a and cb. b and cc. bd. de. e

35. Cytotoxins having a specific toxic action upon cells/tissues of the liver are

a. hepatotoxins.b. cardiotoxins.c. enterotoxins.d. neurotoxins.

e. nephrotoxins.

36. The best definition of cell mediated immunity is:

a. immunity involving macrophages.b. immunity involving stem cells.c. immunity involving the lymphatic

system.d. immunity involving T cells.e. immunity involving platelets.

37. The process by which microorganisms attach themselves to cells is

a. infection.b. contamination.c. disease.d. adhesion.

38. The nature of bacterial capsulesa. causes widespread blood clotting.b. allows phagocytes to readily engulf

these bacteria.c. affects the virulence of these bacteria.d. has no effect on the virulence of

bacteria.e. All of the above

39. Which of the following is not an effect of complement activation?

a. Interference with viral replicationb. Bacterial cell lysisc. Opsonizationd. Increased phagocytic activitye. Increased blood vessel permeability

40. Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occurs in humans. Which of the following would be the most severe?

a. Deficiency of C3b. Deficiency of C5c. Deficiency of C6d. Deficiency of C7e. Deficiency of C8

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TRUE OR FALSE - The following questions can be answered either true or false. Write your answer on the scantron as follows: TRUE = A FALSE = B

41. Wandering macrophages experience margination. A

42. Lymphocytes are large agranulocytes. B

43. The hypothalamus of the brain controls body temperature. A

44. Apoptosis is the term used to describe cellular suicide. A

45. Interferon is produced by viruses. B

46. Exotoxins are composed of proteins. A

47. Histamine increases permeability of capillaries so that leukocytes can more readily reach the infection site. A

48. C3a causes opsonization. B

49. Like B cells, T cells originate from stem cells in bone marrow. A

50. In a process called clonal deletion, lymphocytes that destroy host tissues are destroyed. A

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