Ex situ Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Manipur ... · PDF file1 Ex situ Conservation of...
Transcript of Ex situ Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Manipur ... · PDF file1 Ex situ Conservation of...
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Ex situ Conservation of Medicinal Plants in Manipur-
Establishment of Herbal Gardens in Manipur
Research, Silviculture & Training Division, Government of Manipur
Manipur has established two Herbal Gardens for exsitu conservation of
medicinal plants of the state. These gardens were created under the financial
assistance from the National Medicinal Plants Board, Department of Ayurveda, Yoga
& Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha & Homoeopathy (AYUSH), Ministry of Health &
Family Welfare, Government of India.
Herbal Garden- A garden where plants having medicinal values are planted and
maintained for conservation, education and providing an access to propagating
materials.
Medicinal plants- All plants- herb, shrub, tree, climber etc, having medicinal values
and used in Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy and
traditional systems.
Introduction:-
Medicinal plants are being extensively utilized throughout the world in two
distinct areas of health management i.e. (i) Modern System of Medicine system (ii)
Traditional or Indigenous Systems of Medicine or Folk medicines. There is
resurgence of use of this traditional medicine across the globe. 80% of world
population relies on traditional medicine. The traditional medicine are heavily
dependent on medicinal plants and their accelerated growth is pushing the demand of
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medicinal plants strongly and higher rate of growth in demand is likely to continue in
future also.
In India there are about 45,000 plants species of which 8000 are medicinal in
nature. However 700 plants species are generally used for making phytomedicines.
About 98% of this raw material used in making phytomedicines by
pharmacies/phytoindustries, comes from natural habitat. India has long history of
using of herbal products not only as medicine but also for cosmetics, health hygiene,
toiletries, fragrance and food supplements.
The North-East India is a treasure house of vast variety of plant resources
being a part of the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot. The region falls in bio-
geographic tri-junction of the Indian, Himalaya and Oriental landmass. The region is
home to about 13,500 plant species which is 2.3 % of the total world’s species, out of
which about 7000 species are endemic to the region.
The state of Manipur is a part of the North-East region. In a small area of
22,327 sqm, the known biodiversity of the state is 4000 angiospermic plants. The state
has a total population of 21,68,788 according to 2001 Census Report. The population
belongs to different community-Meitei, Muslim (Pangal), Tangkhul, Mao, Maram,
Thangal, Rongmei, Chiru, Maring, Kuki, Paite, Liangmei, Kabui, Poumei, Aimol,
Hmar etc. The Kuki and Nagas, belonging to 29 tribes, occupy the hills, while the
Meitei and Pangals occupy the valley. The Naga and Kuki constitute 40% of the
state’s population but occupy 90% of the state’s area and Meetei and Pangals
constitute 60% of population and occupy only 10% of land. The state with its rich
tribal culture, bio-diversity and varied agro-climatic conditions in divergent altitudes
offers immense scope for the productions of various types of medicinal plants. Here
the tropical, temperate, high altitudes and alpine plants can be grown. A large number
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of people living in and around the forests depend on these medicinal plants for their
subsistence and income. Medicinal plants sector can provide socially beneficial,
environmentally benign and economically viable livelihood systems in the region.
Inspite of its richness of diversity and knowledge about the use of herbs, little
studies have been made of the plant diversity and ethnobotany of Manipur. At present,
the biodiversity surveys and ethnobotany in the three Medicinal Plants Conservation
Areas – Langol, Shirui- Khangkhui and Kailam had started the process. However, this
survey has been discontinued. No comprehensive inventory of the flora of the state
has been undertaken and documented. For effective and conservation measures, a
basic understanding of the flora is vital. A few botanists have compiled reports on the
Medicinal plants of Manipur which need to be upgraded or improved. Studies on the
subject is being taken up by Institute of Bioresource and Sustainable Development,
Life Sciences Department, Manipur University, Forest Department, State Medicinal
Plants Board, Manipur and others. However, their studies are all independent and
coordination of these initiatives has not been proposed till date.
The destructive processes, such as shifting cultivation, deforestation,
unscientific collection from the wild, encroachment, forest fire, lack of awareness etc,
have all led to the rapid depletion of Forest and fragmentation of habitats. As a result,
a large number of valuable medicinal plants such as Aquilaria agallocha, Taxas
wallichiana, Panax pseudoginseng , Picrorhiza arooa, Aconitum spp,. Berberis spp.,
Smilax glabra etc have become highly threatened in the state.
Need for setting up exsitu conservation plots:-
Each community in the state has their own set of traditional healers, utilizing
their own group of medicinal plants giving rise to differing health care system among
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the communities. Medicinal plants based health care system practiced by traditional
healers plays an important role in health care till today. Among the Meeteis, the Maiba
and Maibis play this role. The Maiba and Maibis are of 2 types- one set for traditional
religious rituals (pre Hinduism) and the other are traditional physicians like the Vaids.
Some of these traditional healers also use animal and its body parts to cure many
diseases such as the large centipede which when soaked in local brew and drinking the
tincture can cure cancer. Most of these healers are known for a particular disease such as
Padmashree Laishram Nabakishore for treating kidney stone. For treating bone
dislocation or fracture, many know about a healer in Shangshak, Ukhrul, who has healed
many cases where even the allopathic doctors had failed. For animal bite, different
healers are found for snake bite or dog bite. A cancer patient, who was discharged from
a hospital due to his grave situation, took the boiled extract of Oroxylum indicum bark
everyday for a few months and was eventually completely cured of his disease, when
checked by the doctors. A traditional healer, Dr Pouchunbou, admitted in one of the
trainings that he has kept his high Blood Pressure normal by taking 6 cloves of garlic
before lunch and dinner daily.
Dr. S.C. Sinha has reported that 1200 medicinal plants, indicating 430
species with local traditional medicinal uses, are found in Manipur. To save these
valuable medicinal plants of the state from destruction and disappearance, a
germplasm centre is urgently needed to be set up. This centre can also serve as an
educating facility for the school children and others for understanding the need of
conservation of biodiversity in general and medicinal plants in particular.
In 2006-07, a Herbal Garden was established at Raj Bhavan, Manipur, by the
Research, Silviculture & Training Division, Manipur. The list of Medicinal Plants
planted in the Garden are as given in Table - 1:-
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TABLE - 1
MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE HERBAL GARDEN, RAJ BHAVAN, IMPHAL, MANIPUR
SN Botanical Name Local Name Family Parts Used
1 Acorus calamus Ok-hidak Araceae Rhizome
2 Costus speciosus Khongban- Zingiberaceae Rhizomes
3 Hedychium
coronarium
Takhelei angouba Zingiberaceae Rhizomes
4 Tinospora cordifolia Ningthoukhongli Menispermaceae Stem
5 Andrographis
paniculata
Bhubati Acanthaceae Whole plant
6 Curcuma caesia Yaimu Zingiberaceae Rhizomes
Zingiber cassumunar Nagashing Zingiberaceae Rhizome
7 Rauwolfia serpentina - Apocynaceae Roots
8 Catharanthus roseus Sahib lei Apocynaceae Leaves
9 Oroxylum indicum Shamba Bignoniaceae Roots, leaves,
fruits, seeds
10 Sapindus trifoliatus Kekru Sapindaceae Fruits, Roots,
Barks
11 Santalum album Cha-chandan Santalaceae Heartwood
12 Bauhinia vareigata Chingthrao Caesalpinaceae Roots, Barks
13 Azadirachta indica Neem Meliaceae Leaves, Fruits,
Barks
14 Withania somnifera - Solanaceae Roots, Leaves
15 Mentha spicata Nungshi-hidak Lamiaceae Whole plant
16 Aloe barbadensis Ghrita kumari Liliaceae Leaves
17 Ocimum
kilimandscharicum
Karpur tulsi Lamiaceae Leaves
18 Ocimum sanctum Tulsi Lamiaceae Leaves
19 Gloriosa superba - Liliaceae Seeds & Tubers
20 Chlorophytum
borivilianum
- Liliaceae Roots
21 Asparagus racemosus Nungarei Liliaceae Roots
22 Adenanthera pavonia Chaning
angangba
Mimosaceae Barks, Leaves,
Seeds
23 Adhatoda vasica Nongmankha Acanthaceae Leaves, Stem,
Bark, Flower
Phlogacanthus
jenkinsii
Nongmankha Acanthaceae Leaves
24 Emblica officinalis Heikru Euphorbiaceae Fruits, Bark,
Leaves
25 Saraca asoca Ashoka Caesalpinaceae Bark, Leaves,
Flower, Seed
26 Aegle marmelos Heirikhagok Rutaceae Fruits, Leaves,
Root
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On the other hand, as a commemoration of the Jubilee year of Forest
Department of the state, a 2-Day National Level Workshop on “Potential and
Planning for Conservation & Development of Commercially Important Medicinal
Plants in North Eastern India” was held in July, 2007, in Manipur, where one of the
strong recommendation is for taking up insitu and exsitu conservation measures,
following which a proposal was submitted to NMPB, GOI, for establishment of a
Herbal Garden, where locally important, less known and rare 213 medicinal plants are
to be planted and conserved. The Project was sanctioned in 2007-08 and
implementation was completed in 2012-13. The list of medicinal plant species taken
up for conservation in this garden is as given in Table – 2.
TABLE - 2
MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THE HERBAL GARDEN, LANGOL, IMPHAL, MANIPUR
SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
1 Abelmoschus precatorius
Shrub
Chaning Seed, Root
2 Abutilon indicum
Herb
Seed, Leaves, Bark
3 Acalypha indica
Herb
Whole plant
4 Achrynthes aspera
Perennial Herb
Khujumpere Root, Seed, Leaves
5 Acorus calamus
Herb with rhizome
Ok-hidak Rhizome
6 Adenanthera pavonia
Tree
Chaning
angangba
Barks, Leaves,
Seeds, Heart wood
7 Adhatoda vasica
Shrub
Nongmankha
Angouba
Troot Leaves, Flower Flower &
Leaves as food
8 Aegle marmelos
Tree
Heirokhagok Fruit, leaf, Root Fruit as food
9 Ageratum conyzoides
Herb
Khongjai
napi
Leaves, flower Shoot as food
10 Allium hookerii
Herb
Maroi
napakpi
Whole plant Whole plant as
condiment
11 Albizzia lebbeck
Tree
Khok Whole plant
12 A.procera
Tree
Khal Whole plant
13 Alocasia indica
Herb
Hongngoo Petiole, Corm,
Leaves
14 A. macrorrhiza
Herb
Hongngoo Tuber, Leaves
15 Aloe barbadensis
Herb
Aloevera Leaf Cosmetics
soap
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
16 Alpinia galanga
Rhizomotous herb
Kanghoo Rhizome, Seed
17 Alstonia scholaris
Tree
Chaitan Whole
18 Amomum subulatum
Rhizomatous herb
Bara elaichi Seeds Seeds as spice
19 Amorphophallus campanulatum
Herb
Haopan Petiole, Corm, Seed
20 Andrographis paniculata
Herb
Bhubati Whole plant
21 Annona squamosa
Tree
Sitaphal Root, Seed Fruit as food
22 Aphanamixis polystachya
Tree
Heorangkoi Seed, Bark Fruit as food
23 Aquilaria agallocha
Tree
Agar Infected wood
24 Argemone mexicana
Herb
Khom
thongpee
Whole plant
25 Argvreia nervosa
Climber
Uritusonbi Whole plant
26 Artabotrys hexapetalis
Shrub
Chinichampa Flowers, Leaves
27 Artemisia maritima
Shrub
Leibakngou
manbi
Leaves, Flower
28 A.nilagiric
Shrub
Leibakngou Leaves
29 A.vulgaris
Shrub
Leibakngou Whole plant
30 Asclepias curassavica
Shrub
Khrishna
chura
Root, Leaves,
Flower
31 Asparagus racemosus
Climber
Nungarei Roots
32 Averrhoa carambola
Tree
Heinijom Fruits, Leaves
Root
Fruit as food
33 Azadirachta indica
Tree
Seed, Gum, Bark,
Leaves, Flower
Leaves in food
34 Bacopa monnieri
Herb
Brahmi Whole plant
35 Bambusa bambos
Grass
Saneibi Fermented shoot, Leaves As bamboo
raw material
36 Bambusa nutans
Grass
Wootang Leaves, Shoot
37 B. oliveriana
Grass
Warak Shoot
38 B-tulda
Grass
Ootang Leaves, Shoot As bamboo
raw material
39 B. Vulgaris
Grass
Jai baruwa Root, Shoot, Bark
40 Bauhinia vareigata
Tree
Chingthrao
angouba
Bark, Root, Flower Flower as food
41 Begonia hatacoa
Herb
Gandiang Whole plant
42 Benincasa hispida
Climber
Torobot Fruit, Seed Fruit as food
43 Betula alnoides
Tree
Whole plant
44 Bixa orellana
Tree
Ureirom Leaves, Fruit,
Seed
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
45 Blumea balsamifera
Shrub
Langthrei Leaves
46 Bombax ceiba
Tree
Tera Bark, Flower,
Fruit, Gum
47 Bridelia stipularis
Shrub
Lei kangron Bark, Leaves,
Seed
48 Butea monosperma
Tree
Pang Gong Seed, Leaves,
Bark, Flower
49 Calatropis gigantea
Shrub
Angkot Leaves, Root,
Flower
50 Canarium bengalense
Tree
Mekruk Leaves, Bark
51 Carica papaya
Tree
Awathabi Fruit , Root Fruit as food
52 Casearia vereca
Shrub
Leaves, Fruit
53 Cassia alata
Shrub
Daopata Leaves, Flower,
Seed
54 Cassia fistula
Tree
Chahui Bark, Fruit
55 Cedrella toona
Tree
Tairel Bark, Leaves Wood as
timber
56 Centella asiatica
Urban Herb
Peruk Whole plant Whole plant as
food
57 Chionachne koenigii
Herb
Whole plant
58 Chlorophytum arundinaceum
Herb
Root
59 Cinnamomum bejolghota
Tree
Tezpat Bark Dry leaves as
spice
60 C. camphora
Tree
Karpur Whole plant
61 C.zeylanicum
Tree
Ushingsha Bark, Leaves Dry bark as
spice
62 Cissampelos pareira
Climber
Root, Leaves
63 Cissus adnata
Climber
Kongngouyen
laba
Leaves
64 Citrus aurantium
Tree
Champra Leaves, Fruit Fruit as food
65 C.latipes
Tree
Heiribob Fruit Dry fruit peel
as spice
66 C.limon
Tree
Nobab Fruit Fruit as food
67 C.reticulate
Tree
Komla Fruit Fruit as food
68 C. sinensis
Tree
Musambi Fruit, Flower Fruit as food
69 Clerodendron indicum
Shrub
Kuthap Root, Leaves
Wood
70 C.serratum
Shrub
Moirang
Khanam
Root, Leaves
Seed
71 Coix lachrymal-jobi
Perennial Herb
Chaning Root, Grain
72 Costus speciosus
Perennial Herb
Khongbam
takhelei
Root
73 Curcuma amada
Rhizomatous Herb
Am Haldi Rhizome
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
74 C.aromatica
Rhizomatous Herb
Lam Yaingang Rhizome
75 C. caesia
Rhizomatous Herb
Amuba yaingang Rhizome
76 C.domestica
Rhizomatous Herb
Yaingang Rhizome Rhizome as
spice
77 Cymbogogon citrates Haona Leaves
78 Cynodon dactylon
Perennial grass
Tingthou Whole plant
79 Datura stramonium
Shrub
Shagol hidak Leaves, Fruit
80 Desmodium laxiflorum
Shrub
Porongkhokmanbi Bark, Flower,
Root
81 Dichroa febrifuga
Shrub
Root, Leaves
82 Dillenia indica
Tree
Heigri Fruit, Bark Fruit as food
83 Dioscorea alata
Climber
Ha Tuber Tuber as food
84 Dipterocarpus turbinatus
Tree
Yangou Resin Wood as
Timber
85 Elaeocarpus serratus
Tree
Chorphon Drupes, Leaves Fruit as food
86 Elshollzia blanda
Shrub
Pheiri Leaves
87 Emblica officinalis
Tree
Heikru Fruit, Bark, Leaf Fruit as food
88 Entada scandens
Climber
Kangkhil Bark, Seed, Fruit
89 Erythrina indica
Small Tree
Kurao angangba
90 Eupatorium birmanicum
Shrub
Langthrei Leaves
91 Euphorbia antiquorum
Shrub
Tengnou Whole plant
92 E. pulcherrima
Shrub
Lalpata Latex
93 Ficus glomerata
Tree
Heibong Whole plant Fruit as food
94 F. hispida
Tree
Ashi heibong Leaves, Bark,
Fruit, Seed
Fruit as food
95 Flaucortia jangomas
Tree
Heitroi Fruit, Bark Fruit as food
96 Garcinia peduculata
Tree
Heibung Fruit, Bark Fruit as food
97 Gloriosa superba Climber Seed, Tuber
98 Gmelina arborea
Tree
Wang Leaves, Root,
Fruit, Flower
Wood as
timber
99 Gynura cushimba
Herb
Terapaibi Whole plant Shoot as food
100 Hedychium coronarium
Rhizomatous Herb
Takhellei Leaves, Rhizome
101 H.marginatum
Rhizomatous Herb
Takhellei
angangba
Rhizome
102 H. spicatum
Rhizomatous Herb
Takhellei
hangampal
Rhizome
103 Hedyotis auriculata
Creeping Herb
Langban Koukha Leaves
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
104 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
Shrub
Jubakushum Leaves, Flower
105 Holmskioldia sanguinea
Shrub
Kharam leithong Leaves, Flower
106 Holorrhena antidysentrica
Tree
Kurchi Whole plant
107 Homalonema aromatica
Rhizomatous Herb
Rhizome, Leaves
108 Houttuynia cordata
Perennial herb
Toningkhok Whole plant Salads
109 Hydnocarpus kurzi
Tree
Chalmugra Flower, Fruit, Seed
110 Ixora sub- sessilis
Tree
Shenglong
(Rongmei)
Bark, Fruit, Seed
111 Jasminum sambac
Shrub
Jatipuspa Leaves, Root,
Flower
112 Jatropha curcus
Shrub
Awa kege Leaves, Seed,
Bark
113 Juglans regia
Tree
Heijuga Fruit, Bark ,
Leaves
Fruit as food
114 Justicia gendarussa
Shrub
Leaves
115 Kaempferia galangal
Rhizomatous Herb
Yai thamna manbi Rhizome
116 Kizelia pinnata
Tree
Introduced and
used locally
Fruit, Bark
117 Lannea coromandelina
Tree
Aaman Bark, Fruit
118 Leea crispa
Shrub
Koknal Leaves, Root
119 Litsea glutinosa
Tree
Chingjai Bark ,Leaves
120 L. monopetala
Tree
Tumitla Bark ,Leaves
121 Mallotus philippensis
Tree
Ureirom laba Fruits
122 Mangifera indica
Tree
Heinou Whole plant Fruit as food
123 Melia azaderach
Tree
Seizrak Leaves, Bark, Fruits,
Flower, Gum, Seed, Wood
124 Melothria purpusilla
Climber
Lamthabi Whole plant
125 Mentha arevensis
Perennial herb
Nungshi hidak Whole plant Leaves as spice
126 M. spicata
Perennial herb
Nungshi hidak Whole plant Leaves as spice
127 Meyna laxiflora
Shrub
Heibi Leaves Fruit as food
128 Mimosa pudica
Shrub
Kangphal
ikaithabi
Leaves, Root
129 Mimusops elengi
Tree
Bokul Leaves, Bark, Seed, Fruits,
Flower
130 Momordica charantia
Climber
Karela Fruit, Root Fruit as food
131 Moringa oleifera
Tree
Shajna Whole plant Leaves as spice
132 Mucuna prureins
Climber
Root, Fruit,
Leaves, Seed
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
133 Mussaendra glabra
Shrub
Hanurei Leaves, Root
134 Nelumbo nucifera
Aquatic Plant
Thambal Root, Filament,
Flower, Seed,
Fruit as food, Stem
as food
135 Nerium indicum
Shrub
Kabilei Root, Leaves
136 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn
Tree
Singgarei Leaves, Bark
137 Ocimum americanum
Perennial herb
Tulsi amuba Whole plant
138 O.gratissimum
Perennial herb
Ramtulsi Leaves
139 O. kilimandschaticum
Perennial herb
Karpur tulsi Whole plant
140 Ocimum sanctum
Perennial herb
Tulsi Leaf
141 Ophiorrhiza mungos
Herb
Chak Lambi Root, Leaves
Bark
142 Oroxylum indicum
Tree
Samba Leaves, Bark, Fruit,
Seed
143 Paederia foetida
Climber
Oinam Leaves, Root,
Bark
144 Panax pseudoginseng
Rhizomotous herb
Tuber
145 Pandanus odoratissimus
Shrub
Ketukee Leaves, Flower
146 Paris polyphylla
Rhizomotous herb
Rhizome
147 Parkia roxburghii
Tree
Yongchak Whole plant Fruit as food
148 Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus
Shrub
Nongmankha
ashinba
Leaves, Fruits
149 Phoebe lanceolata
Tree
Uningthou Berries Wood as timber
150 Piper bantamense
Climber
Whole plant
151 P.betle
Climber
Panmana Leaves, Root,
Fruit
152 Piper longum
Climber
Uchithi Seed, Root, Fruit Fruit as spice
153 Plectranthus ternifolius
Shrub
Khoiju Leaves
154 Plumbago zeylanica
Shrub
Telhidak Seed, Root
155 Plumeria acuminate
Tree
Khagi leihao Leaves, Root,
Bark
156 Polygonum chinense
Shrub
Leibung tharam Whole plant
157 Pratia nummularia
Herb
Keehom maan Whole plant
158 Psidium guajava
Tree
Pungdol Leaves, Bark
Fruit, Flower
Fruit as food
159 Pteris ensiformis
Fern
Lei
changkhrang
Frond, Rhizome
160 Punica granatum
Shrub
Kaphoi Fruit, Leaves, Bark,
Root
Fruit as food
161 Quisqualis indica
Shrub
Fruit, Seed,
Leaves, Bark
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
162 Randia spinosa
Tree
Mainphal Whole plant
163 Rauwalfia serpentine
Shrub
Introduced Root, Leaves
Bark
164 Rhododendron arboretum
Tree
Khorom leishak
angangba
Leaves, Flower
165 Rhus succedanea
Tree
Heimang Leaves, Fruit Fruit as food
166 Ricinus communis
Shrub
Kege Leaves, Seed
167 Rubia cordifolia
Climber
Moyum Root, Leaves,
Stem
168 Rubus niveus
Shrub
Heijampat Leaves, Root
169 Salix tetrasperma
Tree
Ujain Leaves, Bark
170 Santalum album
Tree
Chandan Heart wood
171 Sapindus trifoliatus
Tree
Kekru Fruit, Root, Bark
172 Saraca asoca
Tree
Asoca Bark, Flower
173 Schefflera elata
Climber
Utang Bark
174 S.venulosa
Climber
Utang Roots
175 Schima wallichi
Tree
Usoi Bark
176 Scutellaria discolour
Tree
Yenakha Whole plant
177 Semecarpus anacardium
Tree
Bhela Fruit, Root, Resin
178 Sesamum indicum
Herb
Thoiding
amuba
Seed, Leaves Seeds as food
179 Sida acuta
Shrub
Uhal Leaves, Root
180 S.rhombifolia
Shrub
Uhal Whole plant
181 Smilax lancifolia
Climber
Kwamanbi Root Root/tuber used as
food
182 Solanum ferox
Shrub
Leipungkhangg
a
Fruit
183 Solanum indicum
Shrub
Leipungkhangg
a
Root
184 S.myriscanthum
Shrub
Lam Khamen Fruit, Shoot
185 Spondias macrophylla
Tree
Heining Fruit,Bark,Root Fruit as food
186 S. pinnata
Tree
Eikhoi Whole plant
187 Stephania japonica
Climber
Thangga uri
Angouba
Tuber, Leaves
188 Stereospermum suaveolens
Tree
Missi Whole plant Wood as timber
189 Streblus asper
Tree
Siora Whole plant
190 Swertia chirata
Herb
Seed,Leaves,
Bark,Root
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SN Botanical Name/Habit Local Name Parts Used Other uses
191 Symplocos racemosa
Tree
Leiree Bark
192 Syzygium aromaticum
Tree
Cloves
193 Taxus wallichiana
Tree
Uchan manbi Whole plant
194 Tectona grandis
Tree
Chingsu Whole plant Wood as timber
195 Tephrosia purpurea
Shrub
Whole plant
196 Terminalia arjuna
Tree
Mayokpha Bark, Leaves
197 T. bellerica
Tree
Bahera Fruit, Bark
198 T. citrine
Tree
Manahi Fruit, Bark
199 T. chebula
Tree
Haritok Fruit, Bark
200 Tinospora cordifolia
Climber
Ningthou
khongli
Whole plant
201 Triumfetta rhomboidea
Shrub
Leehing Root, Leaves, Fruit,
Flower,Bark
202 Vanda tesselata
Orchid
Root, Leaves,
203 Vanilla planifolia
Climber
Whole plant
204 Vitex negundo
Shrub
Urikshibi Leaves, Root,
Fruits
205 Vitex peduncularis
Tree
Luwangkhoi Bark, Leaves
206 V. trifolia
Shrub
Urikshibi Leaves, Root,
Flower
207 Xylosma longifolia
Tree
Nongleisang Bark, Leaves
208 Zanthoxylum acanthopodium
Shrub
Mukthrubi Seed, Leaves Leaves as spice
209 Zingiber cassumunar
Rhizomatous Herb
Nagasing Rhizome Rhizome as spice
210 Zingiber officinale
Rhizomatous Herb
Shing Rhizome Rhizome as spice
211 Z.limonella
Rhizomatous Herb
Nagang Fruit
212 Zingiber zerumbet
Rhizomatous Herb
Yaimu Rhizome
213 Ziziphus jujuba
Tree
Boroi Leaves, Fruit Fruit as food
Many training on medicinal plants, with the Maiba, Maibis and traditional
healers of different tribes as participants, have been organised. During these trainings,
the participants have opined that the main difficulty they faced in their profession is
the remoteness and low population of their raw material plants. Recently, in some
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later training, the healers were taken to this Garden, where they have seen their raw
materials growing on a single plot. They have proposed for taking propagating
materials for planting in their own garden and their cultivating methods from the
Department. They have set up cultivation plots for the purpose in and around their
towns or villages.
Conclusion
Out of the 430 species of medicinal plants being used in the state, as reported
by Dr. S.C.Sinha, about half of them have been preserved in this Garden. Efforts for
establishing exsitu conservation plot for the remaining species needs to be taken up.
Moreover, studies for sustainable harvesting of these plants and their cultivation
protocol needs to be developed.
References
1. Sinha S.C. 1996. Medicinal Plants of Manipur, MASS & Sinha, Manipur Cultural
Integration Conference, Palace Compound, Imphal, Manipur, 795001
2. 2-Day National Level Workshop on “Potential and Planning for Conservation &
Development of Commercially Important Medicinal Plants in North Eastern India” July,
2007, Manipur and its Recommendations.