Ex 3.2Oct. 1, 2012 – Day 14Introduction to Syntax

ANTH 3590/7590

Harry Howard

Tulane University

Course management

http://www.tulane.edu/~howard/ANTH3590/ We need to spend our $150 from the

Provost’s Undergraduate Activities Fund.

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EX. 3.2, p. 118

Put 1-10 on board. Answering the question requires understanding

the type of clausal complement that each verb takes.

A review table is presented on the next page.

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SUMMARY OF COMPLEMENT CLAUSE TYPES

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EXAMPLES OF COMPLEMENT CLAUSE TYPES

Verb Example

know, believe

I know (that) she is happy.

know,wonder

I don’t know {whether/if} she is happy.I wonder {whether/if} she is happy

arrangeI arranged *(for) her to be happy.I arranged to be happy.

want, prefer

I preferred (for) her to be happy.I preferred to be happy.

believe I believed (*for) her to be happy.

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COORDINATION OF THE EMBEDDED CLAUSE WITHOUT AND WITH A COMPLEMENTIZER

Verb Example

know, believe

I know she is rich and that she is happy.

know,wonder

*I wonder she is rich and if she is happy.

arrange *I arranged her to be rich and for her to be happy.

want, prefer

I preferred her to be rich and for her to be happy.

believe *I believed her to be rich and for her to be happy.

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FOCUS OF THE EMBEDDED CLAUSE IN PSEUDO-CLEFT

Verb Example

know, believe

What I know is that she is happy.

know,wonder

What I wonder is whether she is happy.

arrange What I will arrange is for her to be happy.

want, prefer

What I prefer is for her to be happy.

believe *What I believe is for her to be happy.

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Review of the passive voice

Active voice I kissed him. The verb assigns accusative case to the direct

object. Passive voice

He was kissed (by me). Hypothesis: The verb/past participle can no

longer assign accusative case to the direct object, so it must move to subject position to get nominative, and the original subject disappears or appears with by.

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PASSIVIZATION OF THE EMBEDDED SUBJECT

Verb Passivization of the complement subject

know, believe

*She is known (that) is happy.

know,wonder

*She is wondered {whether/if} is happy.

arrange *She is arranged for to be happy.

want, prefer

??She is preferred (for) to be happy.

believe She is believed to be happy.

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CONCLUSION

Verb Case assignment

know, believe

I know [CP (that) she is happy]

know,wonder

I wonder [CP {whether/if} she is happy]

arrangeI arranged [CP for her to be happy]I arranged [CP ø PRO to be happy]

want, prefer

I preferred [CP (for) her to be happy]I preferred [CP ø PRO to be happy]

believe I believed [TP her to be happy]

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Grammaticality of infinitival clauses, Ex 3.22, 1-5

1a. They were planning [to escape]1b. *They were planning [him to escape]2a. We consider [him to be unsuitable]2b. *It is considered [him to be unsuitable]3a. He would like [me to leave]3b. He would like [to leave]4a. She seems keen [for them to participate]4b. *She seems keen [for to participate]5a. I received a request [to resign]5b. *I received a request [him to resign]

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Grammaticality of infinitival clauses, 6-10

6a. It was agreed [to review the policy]6b. *It was agreed [us to review the policy]7a. Congress decided [to ratify the treaty]7b. Congress decided [for him to ratify the treaty]8a. She expected [to win the nomination]8b. She expected [him/*he to win the nomination]9a. He should let [you have a break]9b. *He should let [have a break]10a. *He said [her to like oysters]10b. *He said [to like oysters]

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NEXT TIMEHead movement §4.2 – 4.5

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