Evolutionary Psychology Sometimes humans can get only so far…
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Transcript of Evolutionary Psychology Sometimes humans can get only so far…
Evolutionary Psychology
• Aims to find out what makes humans ALIKE– Natural selection and the development of human
characteristics
Natural selection• Among the range of inherited trait variations,
those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Why do we love fats and sweets?
• MUST LOOK AT ORIGINAL PURPOSE
• Once hard to come by, they helped us survive famine long ago– Natural disposition
is mismatched with today’s junkfood environment
Can you identify gender differences in sexuality and mating preferences – AND describe the evolutionary explanations for those differences?
Men vs. Women
• Sex?– Relational or recreational?– Masturbation practices?– Social and economic status preference vs. health?
Criticisms of Evo. Psych
• Starts with the EFFECT with aims to work backwards to propose explanation– What’s wrong with this? Which type of reasoning
is this?• Effects of culture?• Explanation doesn’t help us necessarily
overcome human behavior– Males and cheating – the promiscuity gene
How can experience modify the brain?
• Embryos receive different nutrition and varying exposure to toxic agents
• Normal stimulation in early years is critical for optimal brain development
maturation• Biological growth process that enable orderly
changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience– Ex: a flower unfolds due to its genetic instructions,
we do the same through maturation• Humans sit up, then crawl, then stand up, then walk
Maturation sets the basic course, but experience adjusts the direction• After brain maturation provides humans with
abundance of neural connections, experience preserves our activated connections and unused connections degenerate– Called pruning
How’d you do?
• Parents– Education– Discipline– Responsibility– Orderliness– Charitableness– Interacting with
authority figures
• Peers– Cooperation– Finding road to
popularity– Inventing styles of
interaction among people of same age
Conclusion
• Parents can influence the culture that shapes the peer group by helping select children’s neighborhood and schools, thus providing the peer group for the children to interact with.
Cultural Influences
• Culture: behaviors, attitudes, values and traditions shared by a group of people transmitted from one generation to the next
Norms
• Rules that govern the culture’s members’ behaviors– sometimes oppressive, but they help progress
society– Vary in personal space, expressiveness, and pace
of life– Colliding cultures make differing norms interaction
uncomfortable – why?
Effects of Time
• Culture changes faster than genetics’ abilities to keep up– What kind of issues can this cause?
• Women and abusive relationships• Increased rights for minorities • Rates of divorce, delinquency and depression
Individualist vs. Collectivist
• Individualist– Value personal
achievement and fulfillment
– Individual rights and liberties
– Define identity in personal traits
– Strive for personal control in life
• Collectivist– Value group goals
and solidarity– Relationships tend to
be closer and enduring
– Maintaining social harmony is important
– Identity is derived from belonging