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Evolution Test

You will have the full period to complete this exam. Read each question carefully and

choose the option that best answers the question. There are 25 multiple choice/matchin! 2

short answer! and " essay. You may mar# this exam.

$ultiple %hoice (2 points each) For each question, select the best answer and mark the

corresponding bubble on your scantron form.

1. How is natural ariation used in artificial selection! &Evaluation! 'b(. "")

a. *ature provides the variation amon different oranisms and humans select

this differences

 b. "ature only produces the most fit speciesc. Humans chose to bred animals with little or no natural ariation

d. "atural ariation is not used in artificial selection.

2. "atural selection acts on ################# which in turn may result in the eolutionof################ oer time.&+nformation! 'b(. "2)

a. $opulations, indiiduals b. +ndividuals! populations

c. %pecies, species

d. &ndiiduals, families

'. $andas deeloped longer wrists to better eat bamboo oer time and in turn increase their

chance of surial. his is an eample of* &+nformation! 'b(. ,)

a. Fitness b. +omparatie natomy

c. rtificial %electiond. -daptation

-. hich of the following does "/ proide eidence for eolution! &%omprehension!

'b(. )

a. +ytology

 b. 0iochemical $rocesses

c. itness

d. +omparatie natomy

. How does natural selection contribute to the theory of eolution! &%omprehension! 'b(.

0) a. 'ver time! natural selection results in chanes in the inherited characteristics

of a population.

 b. "atural selection selects for the same animals eery timec. "atural selection acts on populations

d. /er time, natural selection eoles populations

1

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. he struggle for eistence refers to* &+nformation! 'b(. 2)

a. he hardships newborn offspring face due to predation

 b. he struggle for animals who cannot breathec. $embers of each species compete reularly to obtain food and livin space

d. he hardships between parents of raising offspring

3. hat is the relationship between natural selection and fitness! &%omprehension! 'b(. 0)

a. 4escent with modification

 b. +hanges in inherited characteristics of a population increase a species5 fitness inits enironment.

c. "atural selection selects for traits of the most fit animals to pass on genes to the

net generation.

d. b 1 c

6. Farmer 7oe only breeds the largest hogs, the fastest horses, or the cows that gie the most

milk. his is an eample of* &+nformation! 'b( ")

a. "atural selection b. Fitness

c. -rtificial selection

d. %urial of the fittest

8. he streamline shape of sharks and whales, similar but not due to a common ancestor is

an eample of* &-nalysis! 'b(. ")

a. -naloous traits

 b. Homologous traits

c. rtificial selectiond. Fitness

19. :etabolism of organisms based on the same comple compounds, like proteincytochrome c, essential for aerobic respiration, is an eample of* &-pplication! 'b(. 3)

a. 4iochemical processes

 b. +ellular respirationc. +ytology

d. ;ntomology

 

11. he answer to the preious question is essential in eolution because* &-pplication! 'b(.

3)

a. hose processes are not present across all species

 b. ll animals can breathec. ll animals need lungs to breathe

d. Those processes are present across all species li#ely due to decent from a

common ancestor.

2

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12. 0elow is a cladogram missing some of its parts. <se the deried characteristic chart to the

right of the cladogram and filled in clues to write in the missing parts of the cladogram.

<se this cladogram to answer questions 1'=1. &ynthesis! 'b(. 6)

1'. hat trait separates the >;% closely related organism from the other animals!

&Evaluation! 'b(. 5)

a. Hair   b. >egs

c. 4ac#bone

d. "one of the aboe

1-. From this cladogram, we can conclude that ############## shares the most recent

common ancestor with humans. &Evaluation! 'b(. 5)

a. 7i8ard

 b. rout

c. ;arthworm

d. "one share with humans

1. 0ased on the cladogram aboe, rank each species in order of distance from the >;%

closely related organism. &Evaluation! 'b(. 9)

a. Human, >i?ard, rout, ;arthworm

 b. Earthworm! Trout! 7i8ard! :uman

c. >i?ard, rout, ;arthworm, Humand. Human, ;arthworm, rout, >i?ard

'

0ackbone

;. 7es

%. :air

Human4. 7i8ard

rout-. Earthworm

'ranism ;erived %haracter

4ac#bone 7es :air

Earthworm bsent bsent bsent

Trout $resent bsent bsent

7i8ard $resent $resent bsent

:uman $resent $resent $resent

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1. %tudying similarities and differences in cells

 between organisms ## - ## 

2. @esemble miniature legs, tails, or otherstructures that does not affect an organisms

ability to surie and reproduce #  -4 # 

'. bility of indiiduals to surie and reproduce

in its specific enironment##E ## 

-. +haracteristic that appears in recent parts of a

lineage, but not in its older members <<4 ## 

. %tudy of similarities in earlydeelopment <-;< 

. +ytology

0. 4eried +haracteristics

+. Homologous rait

4. 4ifferential @eproduction and%uccess

;. Fitness

.0. Aestigial /rgans

.+. +ladogram

.4. ;mbryology

$atchin (2 points each) :atch the description on the left to the corresponding term on the

right. %ome choices may be used more than once and some may not be used at all. &-ll =

+nformation! 'b(. ,)

hort -nswer ( points each) :ake sure to answer all parts of the question in order to receie

full points.

1. 4ifferentiate between analogous and homologous structures. &-nalysis! 'b(. ").

:omoloous structures are structures that hae different mature forms in differentorganisms due to descent from a common ancestor, while analoous structures are

structures or characteristics that are similar howeer are not due to descent from a

common ancestor.

2. >ist and define 4arwin5s Four $ostulates of ;olution &+nformation! 'b(. 2)

>ariability? members of a species differ in some of their characteristics from one another in order for eolution to occur.

:eritability? parents can pass these distinct differences onto their offspring.

;ifferential reproduction and success? some indiiduals will hae more offspring thanothers or produce more offspring than can surie.

trule for existence? members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, liing

space, and other necessities of life.

-

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Essay (19 points) :ake sure to answer all parts of the question in order to receie full points.

1. 4efine and eplain how comparatie anatomy, embryology, geographic distribution ofliing species and the fossil record proide eidence for eolution. Bie one eample for

each. &%omprehension! 'b(. )

%omparative anatomy is using morphological traits, such as skeletal structure in animal

limbs, to determine if the organisms are similar due to descent from a common ancestor. e

can look at homologous structures, or structures that hae different mature forms that arefrom the same embryonic tissues. n eample of this is the limbs of mammals. Embryoloy 

is the study of embryos and early deelopment and proide eidence for eolution because,

for eample, chicken, turtles, and rats all look similar as embryos. @eoraphic distribution

of livin species is the eistence of similar species in different locations. his proideseidence for eolution because the eistence of similar species in different geographical

areas is due to descendant from a common ancestor. n eample are the Balapagos finches

that are slightly different from birds in %outh merica. The ossil Record proides eidence

that liing things hae been eoling for millions of years. n eample is cephalopods fossilswhich contain