Evolution (Part 3) Phylogeny & Classification. Modern Taxonomy Diagrams Reflect Evolutionary...
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Transcript of Evolution (Part 3) Phylogeny & Classification. Modern Taxonomy Diagrams Reflect Evolutionary...
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Evolution (Part 3)
Phylogeny & Classification
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Modern Taxonomy Diagrams Reflect Evolutionary
History
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Classification is Based on Evolutionary Relationships
• Phylogeny is the evolutionary history for a group of species
• Phylogenic tree – diagram reflecting evolutionary relationships between species in a branching pattern.
• Each branch point represents a common ancestor of the species above it.
A
B
C D
What is the common ancestor of the wolf, dog, skunk, and otter?
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Cladistics & the Cladogram• Cladistics - an approach to classification in which organisms are
grouped together based on whether or not they share derived characteristics.
• A cladogram is an evolutionary tree diagram made using cladistics.
• Cladograms use derived characters to organize & arrange species (def.)Traits shared in different degrees represented by hash
marks.
• More closely related species share the most derived characteristics
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Sample Cladogram
Constructing a Cladogram - YouTube
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Cladogram Video & Worksheet
• MACKEN, MICHAEL / Evolution 4.6 Cladograms
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The current tree of life has three domains.
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The three domains in the tree of life are Bacteria, Archaea, and
Eukarya.• Domains are the HIGHEST level of
classification.
• There are 3 Domains:1. Eukarya2. Bacteria3. Archaea
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►Domain Bacteria includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Bacteria.
largest groups on Earth
classified by shape, need for oxygen, and diseases caused
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known for living in extreme environments
“extremophiles”
►Domain Archaea includes prokaryotes in the kingdom Archaea.
cell walls chemically different from bacteria
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►Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista
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►Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista kingdom Plantae
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►Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista kingdom Plantae kingdom Fungi
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►Domain Eukarya includes all eukaryotes. kingdom Protista kingdom Plantae kingdom Fungi kingdom Animalia
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