Evolution or Devolution of Cartographic Education final

Evolution or Devolution of Cartographic Education?

Aileen BuckleyCartographic Researcher, ESRI, [email protected]

Transformations in Teaching Cartographic Concepts andTechniques

Terminology

UCGIS* Body of KnowledgeCV Cartography and visualization

This Knowledge Area addresses the complex issues involved in effective visual thinking and communication of geospatial data and of the results of geospatial analysis. This Knowledge Area reflects much of the domain of cartography and visualization, although some components can be found in others.

* University Consortium for Geographic Information Science

CV1 History and trendsCV1-1 History of cartographyCV1-2 Technological transformations

CV2 Data considerationsCV2-1 Source materials for mappingCV2-1 Data abstraction: classification, selection and generalizationCV2-3 Projections as a map design issue

CV3 Principals of map designCV3-1 Map design fundamentalsCV3-2 Basic concepts of symbolizationCV3-3 ColorCV3-3 Typography

CV4 Graphic representation techniquesCV4-1 Basic thematic mapping methodsCV4-2 Multivariate mapsCV4-3 Dynamic and interactive mappingCV4-4 Representing terrainCV4-5 Web mapping and visualizationsCV4-6 Virtual and immersive environmentsCV4-7 SpatializationCV4-8 Visualization of temporal geographic dataCV4-9 Visualization of uncertainty

CV5 Map productionCV5-1 Computational issues in cartography and visualizationCV 5-2 Map productionCV 5-2 Map reproduction

CV6 Map use and evaluationCV6-1 The power of mapsCV6-2 Map readingCV6-3 Map interpretationCV6-4 Map analysisCV6-5 Evaluation and testingCV6-6 Impact of uncertainty







Making mapsKey







Making maps

Making special types of map

Key







Making maps


Using maps

Key

Evolution of cartography education

Does it reflect this current content?What was the earlier content?How can we examine the evolution?My approach…

Course EvolutionWaldo Tobler – Professor Emeritus of Geography at University of California, Santa Barbara

BA – 1956, U British Columbia & U Washington, SeattleMA – 1958, U Washington, Seattle, CartographyPhD – 1961, U Washington, Seattle

Phillip Muehrcke – Professor Emeritus of Geography at University of Wisconsin, Madison

BA – 1964, Northern Michigan University, Geography MA - 1966, University of Michigan, GeographyPhD - 1969, University of Michigan, Geography

Jon Kimerling – Professor of Geography at Oregon State University, Corvallis

BA – 1972, University of Washington, GeographyMA – 1973, University of Wisconsin, Geography & CartographyPhD – 1976, University of Wisconsin, Geography & Cartography

Aileen Buckley – former Assistant Professor at University of Oregon in Eugene; adjunct Associate Professor at University of Redlands

BA – 1982, Valparaiso University, GeographyMA – 1992, Indiana University & Michigan State University, Geography & Cartography/GISPhD – 1997, Oregon State University, Geography & Geographic Techniques (GIS/Cart/RS)

19901960 1970 1980 2000

Cartography classes over the years

19901960 1970 1980 2000


1952

The Look of Maps

Arthur Robinson

19901960 1970 1980 2000


Waldo Tobler

1961PhD

1956BA

1958MA

1952

The Look of Maps

Arthur Robinson

19901960 1970 1980 2000


Waldo Tobler

1961PhD

1956BA

1958MA

1952

The Look of Maps

Arthur Robinson

Phil Muehrcke

1966MA

1964BA

1969PhD

19901960 1970 1980 2000


1972

Jon KimerlingWaldo Tobler

1961

1973

1976BA

MA

PhDPhD1956

BA

1958MA

1952

The Look of Maps

Arthur Robinson

Phil Muehrcke

1966MA

1964BA

1969PhD

19901960 1970 1980 2000


1972

Jon Kimerling

1992MA

1982BA

Waldo Tobler

1961

1973

1976BA

MA

PhDPhD

Aileen Buckley

PhD1997

1956BA

1958MA

1952

The Look of Maps

Arthur Robinson

1966MA

Phil Muehrcke

1964BA

1969PhD

Waldo’s cartography classesUndergraduate degree (U WA)

One year of cartography (Ross MacKay –UBC)Cartography class (John Sherman – U WA)

Master’s degree (U WA)2-3 cartography classes (John Sherman)Map Reproduction (Bill Heath)Cartography (TA)Department Cartographer

Doctoral degree (U WA)Seminars

1956

1961

1958

Phil’s cartography classesUndergraduate degree (NMU)

Basic Cartography (Pat Farrell)Master’s degree (U MI)

Introduction to Photo Processing and Dark Room Methods (Waldo Tobler)Photo Interpretation (can’t remember)introduction to Map Projections (Waldo Tobler)

Doctoral degree (U MI/U Sydney)Seminars

1964

1969

1966

Jon’s cartography classesUndergraduate degree (U WA)

Map InterpretationCartographyMap IntelligenceMap ProductionComputer Cartography (through Urban Studies)Map Projections (through Civil Engineering)

Master’s degree (U WI)History of CartographyMap DesignSeminars

Doctoral degree (U WI)SeminarsRemote sensing classes

1972

1976

1973

Aileen’s cartography classesUndergraduate degree (Valpo U)

Introduction to CartographyMaster’s degree (IU/MSU)

Introduction to Cartography (TA)Advanced CartographyMap ProductionComputer CartographySeminarsGIS classes

Doctoral degree (OSU)Introduction to Cartography (TA)Air Photo and Image InterpretationSeminarsGIS/remote sensing classes

1982

1997

1992

Current cartography classesU WA

Maps and GIS Principles of Cartography Map Sources and Errors Analytical Cartography

Current cartography classesU WI

Map Reading and InterpretationIntroduction to CartographyProblems in CartographyGraphic Design in CartographyCartographic Methods in ResearchIntroduction to Computer CartographyMap Transformations and Coordinate SystemsAnimated and Web-based Mapping

Current cartography classesOSU

Map and Image InterpretationCartographyComputer-assisted CartographyMultimedia Cartography


New content


New content

New ways to teach cartographic concepts and techniques


Podcast – 10 minutes, focused, audio

Virtual classroom – live, conference call, 3 days, ½ day classes

Online Web course – Web delivery of standard course content, “on your own”

Webcast – live, one hour, digitally recorded

Blog – “Web log”; blog owners posting contentForum – user community exchange

Instructor-led course – presented by an instructor, face to face, 2-5 days

FAQs – users asking questions; experts providing answers

Web sites – tools for map makersNew content










Web sites – tools for map makersNew content


Examples

Blog – “Web log”; blog owners posting content


EVOLUTION of cartography education

New content


DEVOLUTION of cartography education

New content


New teachers/ new audience

Web sitesTools for map makers

ColorBrewer.org

MapShaper.org

TypeBrewer.org

ForumCartoTalk.com

Hybrid ?MappingCenter.esri.com


ColorBrewer.org (Cindy Brewer)

MapShaper.org (Mark Harrower)

TypeBrewer.org (Ben Sheesley)

ForumCartoTalk.com








Making mapsKey


colorbrewer.orgmapshaper.orgtypebrewer.org

Forum - user community exchangecartotalk.com


Who is the community?


colorbrewer.orgmapshaper.orgtypebrewer.org

Forum - user community exchange cartotalk.com


Who is the audience?

Weekend

Work weekXmas

ESRI UC – Map Gallery Participant Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2005 2006 2007

YesNo

Have you received formal cartographic or map production education?

Perc

en

t

ESRI UC – Map Gallery Participant Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2005 2006 2007

Technical InstituteCommunity CollegeUndergraduateGraduatePost-graduateWorkplace trainingProfessional trainingESRI trainingOther

If so, what level of this education have you received?

Perc

en

t







Making maps


Using maps

Key

Future Additions to Mapping Center

The Cartographer’s EyeMap critique

Teaching MaterialsRelief RepresentationBasic Cartographic Design

The Cartographer’s Eyea la Imhof*

* Imhof, Eduard. 1975. “Positioning Names on Maps.” AmericanCartographer 2(2): 128-144

The Cartographer’s Eye

“This place looks an island with a lot of rivers.”

“What do the arrows mean?”

“What do their colors mean?”

“I can’t see what’s happening in Florida.”

Teaching MaterialsUseful to teach a one-day workshop (university or anywhere) or to teach yourself

LecturePowerPoints with bottom notes

Labs Data sets, styles, expressions, statements, .MXDs, step-by-step instructions, whatever is needed

Terrain RepresentationMorning – The Basics

DataDEM ManipulationHillshadingLayer Tinting

Afternoon - Advanced TopicsAdvanced DEM ManipulationAdvanced Hillshading TechniquesModifications to Layer TintingBump MappingVegetationIlluminated ContoursPrinting and Output

Final Project

Related readingsImhof – Relief Presentation, with attention to selected sectionsTom Patterson – selected readingsJeff Nighbert – Bump mappingKennelly and Kimerling – Tanaka’s illuminated contoursDavid Barnes – Swiss HillshadeDavid Mark – MDOW hillshade

Basic Cartographic DesignAfter Andrew Mundi’s Graphic Design

Evolution or Devolution of Cartographic Education?

Transformations in Teaching Cartographic Concepts andTechniques

Evolution AND Devolution of Cartographic Education

Continuing to Transform How We Teach Cartographic Concepts and Techniques


Continuing to Transform How We Teach Cartographic Concepts and Techniques

Evolution of cartography classesDevolution of cartography education

Methods, teachers, audience


Aileen BuckleyCartographic Researcher, ESRI, [email protected]

MappingCenter.esri.com

Evolution or Devolution of Cartographic Education final

Documents

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