Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña...
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![Page 1: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evolution of the Marine Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Intrusion Using
Geophysical Methods after Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-25 years in the Motril-
Salobreña Aquifer Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain)(Southern Spain)
C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A. Pulido-Bosch, A. González Ramón, J. C.
Rubio, J.A. Navarro, M. López-Chicano and W. Martín-Rosales
University of Granada. Spain
![Page 2: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Location
Very high desertification risk
Mediterranean Sea
![Page 3: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Human activity affecting groundwater in the last 25 years
• Recent contruction of a dam• Agriculture activities as crops
with a lot of irrigation demand, irrigation channels and greenhouses
• Changes in land uses (contruction of golf courses and associated urbanization)
•The influence of the river and the irrigation return has been estimated over 60 % of the yearly inputs to the aquifer!
![Page 4: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Problems for detecting the location of the saline wedge
• No boreholes with enough depth near the coastline
• The quatenary sediments of the coastal aquifer make drilling very expensive
• The coastal aquifer is more than 200 m thick near the coast (using gravimetry)
• Geophysics is a good option
![Page 5: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Geophysical surveys• In 1981 the first geophysical study for detecting the saline wedge
was carried out using Vertical Electric Soundings (VES)
• In 2006 a new one was developed with Time Domain Electromagnetic Soundings (TDEM) together with a Gravimetry survey
![Page 6: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Combination of gravimetry and TDEM in 2006
![Page 7: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geophysical surveys
1981
2006
![Page 8: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Comparing results
• The result was very similar, so the comparison is possible
• Marine intrusion was not detected in 1981 due to the limitation of VES
• In 2006 TDEM soundings allowed us to increase the prospecting depth and reach the saline wedge
![Page 9: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Comparing results
• In profile B it was possible to detect a low resistivity zone in both geophysical surveys
• The shape of this zone is interpreted as saltwater intrusion in 1981, but they did not have the information related with the gravimetry survey (2006). This could be a lower permeability area that avoided flushing by freshwater
• So it looks like a situation without changes in the last 25 years
![Page 10: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Comparing results
• A detailed comparison of the measurements near the sea shows that the main differences can be related to the improvement of the geophysical techniques
![Page 11: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Water table evolution
• It appears there are no changes in the last 25 years related with salt water intrusion
• The relation between water table and seawater encroachment can be another way to verify these observations
• Four points in differents locations of the aquifer were selected for this proposal
Is this the start of the dam effect?
or
only another dry period as 1995?
![Page 12: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Conclusions
• It is important to note the utility of the comparison of geophysical techniques, but it must be a careful task due to the improvement of the measurement techniques.
• This work shows the stability of the marine intrusion during the last 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña aquifer.
• The water table presents an important drop from 2005, when the dam commenced operation, so it is important to quantify the impact of the human actions in this area.
• The monitoring of the groundwater changes will allow us to prevent undesirable effects in one of the highest quality water aquifers in the Southeast of Spain.
![Page 13: Evolution of the Marine Intrusion Using Geophysical Methods after 25 years in the Motril-Salobreña Aquifer (Southern Spain) C. Duque, M.L. Calvache, A.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649ef55503460f94c090d2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)