Evolution of Service Provider Edge...

BRKSPG-2051

Evolution of Service Provider Edge Architectures

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicBRKSPG-2051 3

Agenda

Service Provider Networks Overview

Access Network Evolution

Aggregation Network Evolution

Subscriber Access Protocol Evolution

Mobile Evolution - FMC

4

Service Provider Networks OverviewWireline


Access, Aggregation and Core

Core

Aggregation

Access

Access Network: network between local exchange and subscriber.

AKA Local Loop or First Mile

Local Exchange

Aggregation Network: aggregates access connections in a metropolitan area

Core Network: interconnects metropolitan areas


A More Classic View...

Access CoreAggregationBusiness

Corporate

Residential

STB

Access Node (AN) IP Edge

Terminates local loop

Located at access provider Central Office (CO)

AN varies based on Access technology

Gate toward an MPLS/IP service enabled network

May terminate subscriber L2 connection (retail services)

Can be EoMPLS PW termination

CPE

Customer Premises Equipment—typically a modem

Modem type varies with Access Technology

Can operate in routed or bridged mode


Access Core

Business

Corporate

Residential

STB

Access CoreAggregation

BusinessCorporate

STB

Aggregation

CoreAggregation

Business

Corporate

Residential

STB

Access

Application DataAccess Protocol

Access Network Technology

Aggregation Network Technology

Dial, ISDN, DSL, DOCSIS, PON, PTP,...

From ATM to Ethernet

From PPP to IP

Multiple Aspects of Subscriber Aggregation Evolution

9

Access Network Evolution

CoreAggregation

STB

Access


Current Market Segmentation Between Access Technologies—Worldwide

DSL: major player; ~63.41% Share of World Wide Broadband Market

Major DSL Players by Regions: South and East Asia (~34.9%) Western Europe (~29.47%) North America (~10.75%)

Cable: 2nd most popular choice with ~20.4% share

Major Cable Players by Regions: North America (~50.89% share) Western Europe (~17.58%) Asia Pacific (~12.83%)

FTTx: 3rd with ~13.23% share

Major Players by Regions: Asia Pacific (~45.15%) South and East Asia (~39.52%) North America (~9.28%)

Source: http://www.point-topic.com

http://www.point-topic.com/




Total Broadband by TechnologyQ4 2007

DSL: lost ~0.35% market share

Cable: lost 1.55% market share

FTTx: gained ~2.44% market share withcustomer penetration increase of 22.6%

Q3 2010

Source: http://www.point-topic.com

Growth Trends Between Broadband Access Technologies—Worldwide





DSL Access Technologies Most commonly deployed Broadband access technology worldwide

Two hierarchies:

ADSL

(Asymmetric DSL)ADSL2 ADSL2+

VDSL

(Very High Speed DSL)VDSL2

Standard ITU-T G.992.1 ITU-T G.992.3 ITU-T G.992.5 ITU-T G.993.1 ITU-T G.993.2

L2 Protocol ATM ATM ATM ATM. Ethernet ATM, Ethernet

Speed (up to)8 Mbps DS

1 Mbps US

12 Mbps DS

1 Mbps US

24 Mbps DS

1 Mbps US

22 Mbps DS

13 Mbps US

100 Mbps DS

100 Mbps US

Reach (up to) (*) 3-5km 4.5 – 5.5 km 3-5km < 1.5 km< 3-5 km (LR-VDSL2)

Asymmetric: different speeds upstream/downstream

Symmetric: same speed in each direction

Residential Data Services

Business Data Services

Evolution of Asymmetric DSL

*Maximum reach before synch loss – speed rate (max reach) << maximum speed


The DSL EnemyThe Local Loop Reach

ADSL Technologies available bandwidth dramatically decreases after 2nd kilometer

VDSL has some gain over ADSL2+ for local loop lengths of less than a kilometer


Fibre to the Home, Curb, Building (FTTx) Moving Away from Copper Twisted Pair Lines

More Bandwidth, More Reach to Residential Users

Forecasted subscriber bandwidth demand will double in next 3 to 5

years

Applications are converging over a single

transport

Source: http://www.iec.org

http://www.iec.org/


FTTH Configurations

Point To Point Optical Networksaka PTP

Single fibre strand and laser dedicated to each user (household)

Passive Optical Networks aka PON

Fibre strand is split one or multiple times

Fibre and laser shared across multiple users (households)

Shared CO bandwidth

Free of copper from CO to subscriber household

OLT

Passive Optical Splitter

CO

OLT

CO

Fibre split up to 32 times

ONU ONU


PON Standards

BPON

(next gen. APON)GPON EPON or GEPON 10GEPON

Standard ITU-T G.983 ITU-T G.984 IEEE 802.3 ah IEEE 802.3 av

L2 Protocol ATM ATM/Ethernet/TDM Ethernet Ethernet

Speed (up to)1.2 Gbps DS

622 Mbps US

2.5 Gbps DS

1.25 Gbps US1 Gbps DS/US 10 Gbps DS/US

Reach (1:32 split)

20km 20km 10km-20km 10km-20km

BPON: Broadband PON

GPON: Gigabit PON

(G)EPON: (Gigabit) Ethernet PON


Fibre to the Home vs. Ethernet to the Home

Not all Ethernet To The Home (ETTH) Technologies run over Fibre links

Not all Fibre To The Home (FTTH) Technologies support Ethernet

ETTH ratification work mostly done by IEEE in 802.3ah

IEEE 802.3ah aka Ethernet on the First Mile (EFM)

Fibre to the

Home

Ethernet to the

Home

BPON

APON

GPON

EPON

GEPON

10GEPON

EoVDSL

EoHSDSL

EoPTP


802.3ah—Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM)

Objectives:

Define Operation Administration

and Maintenance (OAM)

tools for Ethernet Subscriber

Access Links

Provides physical layer

specifications for an ―ethernet-

based‖

subscriber access

OSI Model

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical

MAC

OAM (Optional)

LLC

Higher Layers

Physical Layer

MAC

MII (MII and GMII)

100/1000 BaseLX10 FX10

GEPONEoVDSL

EoHSDSL

Higher Layers

Optical PDMOptical PDM

Copper PDM

MPCP: Multi Point Mac Control Prot

MII: Media Independent Interface

PDM: Physical Dependent Module

MPCPMac1 MacN...


EFM – Link OAM

Link monitoring

–basic error definitions for Ethernet so entities can detect failed and degraded connections

Fault signalling

–mechanisms for one entity to signal another that it has detected an error

Remote loopback

–used to troubleshoot networks, allows one station to put other station into a state whereby all inbound traffic is immediately reflected back onto link

OAM Discovery

–Discover OAM support and capabilities per device

Link OAM

Originally intended for monitoring first

mile link operations (connectivity)

Now adopted as a link monitoring tool

between any two directly connected

802.3 devices


Fibre Type Speed (Mbps) Reach

100BASE-LX10 100BASE-BX10

Single Mode

100 Mbps 10km

1000BASE-LX101000BASE-BX10

Single Mode

1 Gbps 10km

DSL Speed (Mbps) Reach

2BASE-TL SHDSL 2 – 5.69 2.7 Km

10PASS-TS VDSL 10 750 m

Speed (Mbps) Reach

1000BASE-PX10 1000 10km

1000BASE-PX20 1000 20km

Voice-Grade Copper (Category 1 - unshielded twisted pair) – over DSL

PTP: Long wavelength single and dual strand fibre

PON: Point-To-Multipoint fibre

2BASE-TL

10PASS-TS

copper

OLT

CO 100BASE-LX10 100BASE-BX10

1000BASE-LX10 1000BASE-BX10

fibre

1000BASE-PX101000 BASE-PX20

10km 20km

EFM—Physical Layer SpecificationsEFM Extends Ethernet Supported Physical Medias to Include:

21

Aggregation Network Evolution

CoreAggregation

STB

Access


Agenda for this Section

Aggregation Network Evolution—Broadband-Forum Case Study*

– TR-25

– TR-59

– TR-101

– TR-156

Ethernet in Aggregation Network– Native IP over Ethernet

– EoMPLS/IP => Ethernet Virtual Circuits (EVCs)

– Cisco EVC implementation

Architecting the IP Edge– Centralised vs. Distributed Architectures

– Single Edge vs. Multi Edge

ADSL Access

xDSL Access

Access Agnostic

* Most real-life deployments deviate or expand

over Broadband Forum Technical Reports

recommendations and guidelines


Broadband Forum—Provider Networks Segmentation POP

PointOfPresence

Broadband Forum Divides Networks Entities in Three Groups

Content Providers

ISP

Corporate Networks

Customer

PremisesNAP NSP

Network Access

Provider

Network

Service

ProviderProvides connectivity to Service Providers

Encompasses:

Access network (DSL or else)

Aggregation and core networks

Implements services:

Internet Connectivity

Business Access

Application specific content hosting

Handles authentication and address assignment

Can Be Same Operator


Broadband Forum Case StudyEvolution of the NAP Network

Three Technical Reports from Broadband Forum describe dynamic of how NAP network has evolved over years:

–TR-25 (1999)

–TR-59 (2004)

–TR-101 (2006)

(TR-156 (2008))

Evolution aspects addressed:

–From Best Effort to Service Aware

–From PPPoA to PPPoE to IPoE

–From ATM to Ethernet

Access Loop Technology: From DSL Specific to Access Agnostic

Content Providers

ISP

Corporate Networks

NAP NSPCustomer Premises


Once Upon a Time...TR-25

NAP core network can be ATM end to end or a combination of ATM and IP based interfaces toward NSPs (ATM VC terminated on a Broadband Access Server (BAS) in NAP)

PPP is subscriber access protocol with PPPoA stack

– ATM VC (typically PVC) required for each subscriber PPP session toward a NSP service

PPP can be terminated at NSP or inside NAP network depending on architecture

Content Providers

ISP

Corporate Networks

ATMoDSL ATM ATM or FR or IP

PVCPPP

PPPoA PPPoA/L2TP/IP

PPP PPP/IP

IP

BAS

L2TPPPP


TR-25 Next Generation—TR-59

TR-25 Limitations:

Only supports fixed speed Best Effort connectivity—no Multi Service

–Subscriber Access rate set on DSLAM at installation time

Support for simultaneous Multi Provider access not Plug and Play

–TR-25 assumes PPPoA as Protocol stack to carry subscriber‘s PPP frames Provisioning of additional PVCs/DSL lines required in:

•Transparent ATM Core architecture, or

•If simultaneous Multi Provider access is required

Only supports ATM-based networks

TR-59 Introduces Efficient, QoS-Enabled, Multi Service Multi Provider Architectures


Bandwidth On Demand (BoD)

Ability of dynamically changing subscriber access rate.

Permits subscribers with a lower speed connection to temporarily increase their maximum bandwidth available –aka Turbo Button

BoD only decreases policing aggressiveness, does not guarantee bandwidth -> still BE delivery

QoS

Ability to offer differentiated traffic delivery services to different class of traffic (application) – jitter and latency control.

Enabler for a converged Voice, Video and Data Network

QoS on Demand Ability to dynamically change traffic delivery characteristics for individual applications

Many to Many Ability for multiple users using a *single* DSL line to access more than one Service Provider simultaneously

TR-59 Services


ATM, Eth, FR, POS

TR-59 Service Enablers

Adoption of PPPoE, as replacement of PPPoA, as subscriber access protocol

PPPoE can multiplex several PPP sessions over any point to point or multipoint transport

– Each End Client Station can start PPP session (CPE in bridged mode)

– => Simultaneous Multi Provider access supported

– PPPoE session can also be started by CPE (CPEin routed mode)

PPPoA still supported

Mandatory presence of a subscriber aggregationdevice with routing and QoS capabilities

Formalised presence of BAS in all supported architectures

BAS becomes BRAS: Broadband Remote Access Server

BRAS can aggregate at IP level (PPP session terminated) or at PPP level (PPP session forwarded)

BRAS is injection point for per subscriber policy management and IP QoS => ATM Depth limited

IP

ATMoDSL ATMMax 2 hops incl. DSLAM

PPPoE

PPPoA

OR

PPP

L2TP, VPN, Vlan

Aggregation

ATM

* Use of IPoEoA as for RF C2684 also alluded

BRAS


From TR-59 to TR-101From ATM to Ethernet

Supports same set of services as TR-59 architectures

Optimised multicast distribution and QoS in aggregation network

From BRAS to Broadband Network Gateway (BNG) at IP Edge

From Single IP Edge to Dual IP Edge (service segregation: HSI vs. Video)

From ATM OAM to Ethernet OAM (CFM: 802.1ag)

TR-101 Outlines How an ATM Network Can Be Migrated to an Ethernet-Based Aggregation Network

Highlights

ATM Ethernet


Point to Cloud Service Access: Reduced Provisioning Cost

Supports distributed Service Insertion (―Multi Edge‖)

Virtualised Layer-2 Services (with VLANs)

Flexible Transport for many Services (well suited for 3Play—Efficient Mcastdistribution with IGMP Snooping)

Highly Scalable Data-Plane (10GE and beyond)

ATM to Ethernet Migration Drivers

EthernetATM

Point to Point: High Provisioning Costs; Linear with number of users

Centralised Service Insertion: Optimised for Internet Access; Inefficient Routing and Multicast distribution

Data-Plane Scalability limits: Low-speed ATM uplinks from CO (typically STM-1), STM-4 handoff to Core

Ethernet


IP

Aggregation

Access Technology ATM o DSL ATM o DSLEFM for DSL(EoVDSL or EoHSDSL)

EFM for DSL(EoVDSL or EoHSDSL)

Subscriber Access Protocol

IP PPP IP PPP

First time introduction of Ethernet as L2 Protocol over DSL

DSLAM becomes Ethernet DSLAM

Ethernet

TR-101 defines support for following protocol stacks at local loop

DSL

ATM

RFC2684

Ethernet

IP

DSL

ATM

RFC2684

Ethernet

IP

PPPoE

PPP

DSL

Ethernet

IP

DSL

Ethernet

IP

PPPoE

PPP

Other supported protocol stacks are

PPPoA

IPoA

Access Technology Dependent

Protocol Stack

Subscriber Access Protocol Dependent

Protocol Stack

Ethernet as Local Loop Access Technology

BNG


Ethernet at Local Loop Physical Layer

IP

Aggregation

DSLAM becomes Ethernet DSLAM

Ethernet BNG

TR-156 adds support for following protocol stacks at local loop

802.3 PHY

Ethernet

IP

802.3 PHY

Ethernet

IP

PPPoE

PPP

Access Technology Ethernet Ethernet


IP PPP

Access Technology Dependent

Protocol Stack

Subscriber Access Protocol Dependent

Protocol Stack

First time introduction of an 802.3 physical layer at the Local Loop


Local Loop Vlan Models

Multi-VC DSL UNI One PVC per service

UNI: User

Network

Interface

Video VC

Data VC

Voice VC

Single VC DSL or Ethernet UNI Single connection per all service

Video Data Voice

VLAN Tagged, priority taggedor untagged

based on RG capabilities

Trunk UNI

Non Trunk UNI

untagged

Local loop supports multiple subscriber service to VC (or ethernet link) mapping models

IP

Aggregation

BNG

UNI


IP

Aggregation

BNG

Aggregation Network Architectures

Subscriber isolation is accomplished by:

–Using VLANs (single and double tagging)

–DSLAM filtering capabilities

–Aggregation network filtering capabilities (split horizon forwarding)

Several VLAN architectures are available for aggregation network

–1:1 Vlan Model

–N:1 Service Vlan

–N:1 Shared Vlan

Access Node as an 802.1ad Provider Edge Bridge


Aggregation Network Architectures1:1 Vlan Model

Subscriber and Services (if any) must be uniquely identifiable by stack of vlan tags

Typically uses dual tagging:

–Outer vlan tag represents subscriber (or DSLAM); cannot be reused in aggregation network

– Inner vlan tag represents customer service (or Port)

DSLAM

Subscriber 1

(Multi VC)

Subscriber 2

(Single VC or Ethernet Link)

Subscriber1 traffic for voice, video and data

Subscriber2 traffic for voice, video and data

Vlan associated to subscriber‘s port => outer vlan tag

Customer service VLANs

Inner vlan tag

untagged

Alternatively customer services could be identified by different priority markings in outer tag (no inner tag)

VLAN use similar to ATM, i.e. Point To Point VC, i.e. configuration intensive

Multicast replication inside Single BNG, not inside Ethernet Aggregation Network

Multi-homing to two or more BNGs complex, additional configuration across aggregation network

Good for p2p business services; less ideal for Triple-Play Services


Aggregation Network Architectures1:1 Vlan Model

DSLAM

Subscriber 1

(Multi VC)

Subscriber 2


Vlan associated to DSLAM port

untagged

Vlan associated to DSLAM

Outer VLAN tagging at first aggregation switch—DSLAM port vlan becomes inner vlan

All DSLAMs configured alike—unique vlan per each port, vlan reused across DSLAM

Limited functions at DSLAM -> reduces equipment costs and resources management

Most common deployment of 1:1 VLAN model

Subscriber and Services (if any) must be uniquely identifiable by stack of vlan tags

Typically uses dual tagging:

–Outer vlan tag represents subscriber (or DSLAM); cannot be reused in aggregation network

– Inner vlan tag represents customer service (or Port)


Aggregation Network ArchitecturesN:1 Vlan Model—Service Vlan

Requires that Services (one or more) can be uniquely identifiable by stack of vlan tags

Typically single tagging is used for subscriber traffic:

–Vlan tag represents customer service

DSLAM

Subscriber 1

(Multi VC)

Subscriber 2


voice, video and data for subscriber1 and 2

Service Vlans

Tagged, Priority tagged

untagged

Simpler provisioning (per service vs. per subscriber(/service))

Multiple injection points per VLAN possible

Multicast replication within access/aggregation

Network Elements take care of subscriber L2 isolation through ‗split horizon forwarding‘


Aggregation Network ArchitecturesN:1 Vlan Model—Shared Vlan

All service and subscribers carried over same Vlan

Single tagging is used for subscriber traffic:

DSLAM

subscriber1 and 2 traffic tagged using same vlan. Different priority tags can be used to differentiate class of traffic

Note. In a multi VC model priority tags must also be used in downstream direction to determine subscriber‘s VC

Subscriber 1

(Multi VC)

Subscriber 2


Tagged, untagged or

priority tagged

untagged

Simplest provisioning


Residential Services and VLAN Models

Traffic Type Vlan Model Access Protocol

High Speed Internet (HSI) unicast 1:1, N:1 IPoE, PPPoE

Voice over IP (VoIP) unicast, multicast N:1 IPoE, (PPPoE)

Video on Demand (VoD) unicast N:1 IPoE, (PPPoE)

Broadcast IPTV multicast N:1 IPoE


Dual Edge

A ―Video BNG‖ inserted to specifically handle video services–Typically implemented with an N:1 vlan model to take advantage of Ethernet multicast replication

(IPoE only)

Second BNG implements subscriber management functions–Can use a 1:1 or a N:1 vlan model

TR101 introduces concept of a Dual Edge, opening doors to Service Specific Edge devices in Multi Edge architectures

IP

BNG

Dual Edge

Content

FarmTV

Video BNG

Service Segregation

Applications with specific requirements (like video) best optimised if separated from other types of traffic


Going Beyond TR-101

An alternative way of implementing segregation of Ethernet traffic (WT-145)

EoMPLS/H-VPLS -> EVCs*

How Many Edges?

Centralised vs. Distributed architectures

What’s Next?

IP Sessions (WT-146), IPv6 and Intelligent Edge

* EVCs: Ethernet Virtual Circuits

TR-101 Captures Key Evolution Aspectsof Broadband Aggregation Networks

Aggregation Network Technology–From ATM to Ethernet:

Native IP/Ethernet Physical transport

VLAN based subscriber/service segregation

Edge Architecture Models:

–Single Edge -> Dual Edge


–PPPoE -> IPoE


Point to Cloud Service Access (*)

Supports distributed Service Insertion (―Multi-Edge‖)*

Flexible Transport for many Services (well suited for 3Play—Efficient Multicast distribution with IGMP Snooping)

Virtualised Layer-2 Services (with VLANs)

Control Plane Resiliency: Requires STP or special solutions with constrained topologies

Additional Support of: Mobile RAN, Legacy

ATM/FR/TDM with L2TPv3

Point to Cloud and Point to Point Service Access

Allows different or common Administrative Domains

Supports virtualised Layer 2 and 3 services thru MPLS VPNs (EoMPLS and H-VPLS -> EVC)

Pseudo Wire (PW) used to transport Layer 2 domain across MPLS/IP network

Supports Traffic Engineering; Fast Restoration

Efficient Mcast, natively (PIM) or with mcast MPLS

Additional Support of: Mobile RAN, Legacy ATM/FR/TDM with MPLS AToM

Layer 2 Layer 2Layer3 Layer3

EVCs

Layer 2 – Bridged EthernetIEEE 802.1q / 802.1ad

Layer 3 – MPLS EoMPLS/ H-VPLS (EVCs)

802.1Q802.1ad

Ring

Hub and Spoke

Overlay p2p transport

* With IPoE

Architecting the Aggregation NetworkSubscriber Ethernet Transport Technologies


802.1Q [10]

802.1Q [10]

IPoE TV, VoD

HSI IP/PPPoE

IPoE TV, VoD

HSI IP/PPPoE

IPoE Voice

IPoE Voice

802.1Q [11]

802.1Q [12]

802.1Q [11]

802.1Q [12]

Shared Service VLANs, end to end significance HSI: Isolation for IPoE subscribers requires Private

Vlan deployment IPTV: IGMP Snooping implemented in aggregation

Node for optimised multicast replication

Aggregation Node BNGAccess Node Distribution Node

HSI: Isolation for IPoE subscribers requires Private VLAN deployment in aggregation network, orDedicated Service VLAN per Aggregation Node (1:1)

IPTV: IGMP Snooping implemented in aggregation network for optimised multicast replication

Aggregation Network

HSI: Subscriber line identity provided

by PPPoE line-id Tag or DHCP Op82

Residential Service Connectivity Overview

L2

Bridged Ethernet, N:1 Service VLAN


Aggregation Node BNGAccess Node Distribution Node

Aggregation Network

802.1Q [10]

802.1Q [10]

IPoE TV, VoD

HSI IP/PPPoE

IPoE TV, VoD

HSI IP/PPPoE

802.1Q [100]

Bridge domain 100

Ingress

POP TAG 10 symmetric

Ingress

POP TAG 10 symmetricIPoE Voice

IPoE Voice

802.1Q [11]

802.1Q [12]

802.1Q [11]

802.1Q [12]

EoMPLS PW (EVC)

Service VLAN, local significance

HSI: Bridge Domain with split horizon for all connected Access Nodes

IPTV/VoD: mapped to SVI running IP unicast

IPTV: IGMP/PIM implemented in aggregation Node for optimised multicast replication

HSI: EoMPLS (EVC), one pseudowire per Aggregation Node

IPTV: PIM implemented in aggregation network for optimisedmulticast replication

HSI: Subscriber line identity provided

by PPPoE line-id Tag or DHCP Op82

IngressPOP TAG 100 symmetric

Residential Service Connectivity Overview

L3

MPLS, N:1 Service VLAN


Centralised versus Distributed Single Edge versus Multi Edge

Aggregation Node (AgN)

MultiService Edge NodeApplication Specific Edge

Nodes

Voice TrafficVideo TrafficData Traffic

Edge systems are

concentrated in 1 or few IP

PoPs and are connected to

aggregation nodes via an

aggregation network

(existing HSI architecture)

Edge systems are

dispersed in many IP

PoPs closer to

subscribers and may

even be co-located with

aggregation nodes

All services destined to same

subscriber flow through one

edge system, forming an

integrated policy

enforcement point

Services destined to

same subscriber may be

handled by different

―service specific‖ edge

systems

Different

locations

Architecting the IP Edge


(*) Note: certain services may still be offered in a

centralised fashion to leverage existing architectures (HSI)

Broadband Architecture Models Putting everything together....

Cen

trali

sed

Dis

trib

ute

dSingle Edge Multi Edge

All AgNs in same aggregation network served by

same edge device regardless of customer service

All AgNs in same aggregation network served by

same edge location, but different edge device

based on customer service

AgNs in same aggregation network served by

different edge devices based on geography

AgNs in same aggregation network served by

different edge locations based on geography, and

different edge device based on customer service (*)

Taking it to

the extreme...


CPE BNG

Layer-2 Ethernet

L2 Pseudowire

IP or IPVPN

MPLS

Core Aggregation Access Edge

AN DISAGG

Voice

Internet

IPTV VOD

Distributed IPTV / VOD Injection

Centralised

HSI/VoIP

IPTV -> Mcast -> Optimal Replication -> DistributeVoD -> unicast – high BW -> Distribute for caching

HSI -> ucast, converges to Single Exit Point -> Centralise

(assumes no optimisation for OTT video)

VoIP -> ucast – low BW - Centralise

Multi Edge Service Injection example


CPE BNG

Layer-2 Ethernet

L2 Pseudowire

IP or IPVPN

MPLS

Core Aggregation Access Edge

AN DISAGG

Voice InternetIPTV/VoD

BNG

Distributed IPTV /

Voice / HSI Injection

HSI -> ucast, but optimised for OTT video -> caching and streaming -> DistributeIPTV -> Mcast -> Optimal Replication -> DistributeVoD -> unicast – high BW -> Distribute for caching

Caching and streaming

of OTT video

Caching and streaming

of managed video

Unicat Video

Traffic Offload!

Main Driver for

fully distributed

Architectures

Fully Distributed Service Injection example


Home

Traditional BNGCentralisedMulti-EdgeMostly PPPL2TP Based Wholesale

High Speed DataVoice

Carrier

Ethernet

ATM

Carrier

Ethernet

Home

New Gen BNG Carrier Ethernet Focus

Distributed FocusSingle Edge

Video EnabledIP Centric

VRF based wholesaleHigh Bandwidth / Sub

3-PlayPW-HE

Flexible BNG

placement

L2TPLNSLAC/

PTA

Flexible content

placement

Services

Yesterday/Today

Tomorrow

Services Architectures Evolution Summary


IP Edge Architectures ComparisonScalability Availability Operations

• Limited (number of users,call-setup-time bandwidth per user)

• Example: 2.7Mbps/User; 60k Users: Already requires 160 Gbps engine

• Large failure domain• Long time to re- establish

sessions after failure• Example: 100cps; 200k

Users: 33min to create allsessions

• Central Address Pool Management

• Centralised anagement• Requires per-user access

network provisioning for1:1 VLAN or ATM

• Scales with number of devices

• Small failure domain• Fast boot/recovery time

• Distributed Address Pool Management (Fragmentation)

• Distributed Management• No/Limited L2-access• Efficient Multicast &

Peer-to-Peer traffic

• Small failure domain• Fast boot/recovery time

• Scales with number of devices

• Central Address Pool Management (Pool per cluster)

• Centralised Management• Requires per-user access

network provisioning for 1:1 VLAN or ATM

Centr

alis

ed

Dis

trib

ute

dC

luste

red

58

Subscriber Access Protocol Evolution

CoreAggregation

Business

Corporate

Residential

STB

Access


Agenda for this Section

Review of PPP in Broadband Environments

Why PPP Is Getting Old

PPP vs. IP as Subscriber Access Protocol

Cisco BNG solutions


Appealing from a subscriber management perspective

Defined in RFC1661

What is PPP?

It‘s a Data Link protocol originally designed to operate over point to point serial links

Why is it special?

It natively embeds functionalities like:

– Keepalives

– Reliable link

– Maximum Receive Unit (MRU) negotiation

– Compression

– Authentication, Authorisation, Accounting

– Link aggregation and fragmentation

– Multi Protocol Support

– Peer address assignment

– ...more...

PPP

Point To Point Protocol (PPP)


BNG#sh pppoe session3 sessions in LOCALLY_TERMINATED (PTA) State3 sessions total

Uniq ID PPPoE RemMAC Port VT VA StateSID LocMAC VA-st Type

1 1 aabb.cc01.f420 Et0/3.21 21 Vi2.1 PTA aabb.cc01.f630 VLAN: 21 UP



PPP non anymore tied to Point to Point Serial links

First adopted in dial up applications, then extended to operate in broadband environments with introduction of PPPoA and PPPoE

PPPoA and PPPoE purpose is to emulate a point to point environment over broadband architectures

PPPoX enables per subscriber awareness on edge device(s) in a broadband network

G0/1.10

Aggregation network

Emulated

Point to Point

Links

There are 3

subscribers connected

through G0/1.10

PPP sessions

BNG

Multiple ―independent‖ sessions over same shared interface

PPP as Subscriber Access-Protocol


Client PC must be provisioned with PPPoE stack OR additional intelligence required @ CPE

- per subscriber configuration (e.g. authentication param)

- extra cost factor

Access Media partiality

MultiEdge Support challenging

Client/Endpoint requirements

IP-SessionsPPP-Sessions

Access Media Independence


Dial

DSL

802.11

FTTH

WiMAX Data BNG

Video BNG

RoutedCPE

Multi-Edge Support


Why PPP is aging …


Ethernet

IP hdrPPPoE

PPP Payload

IP Services (QoS, etc.)


PPP session

Efficient Multicast Replication

IP session


Operational Simplicity


PPPoE setup

PPP setup PPP LCP PPP NCP

Mandates specialised functionalities for PPP session set up and tear down

Residential Access converged to all IP

PPP adds unnecessary overhead

Support for Multicast Multimedia applications (e.g. IPTV)

Why PPP is aging …


Service Deployment Requirement

InternetDSL/FTTH

InternetWiFi

InternetWiMAX

VoiceDSL/FTTH

IPTVDSL/FTTH

PPPSession

IPSession

Multi-Edge Support

Efficient Multicast Support

Native IP Services (QoS, etc.)

Leverage established Access Model

Leverage established Wholesale Model

Support Flexible Authentication Methods

Granular Session Health Monitoring

Support Variety of End-Points

Support Variety of Access Environments

IPv6 support

Service Deployment Requirements Overview


Coexistence of PPPoEoE and IP/DHCP based subscribers on same Ethernet port

Enables step-wise migration

Unified Session management provide seamless management

RADIUS based methods to authenticate and account IP/DHCP based subscribers

NAS port

Option 82

DHCP Authentication

DHCP Proxy and DHCP server support provide flexible IP address management options with local or remote IP pools

IP/DHCP Session Flexibility

IP based and VLAN based DHCP sessions enable support for 1:1 and N:1 VLAN models

RADIUS Portal

HTTP-R

Self-pro-visioning/ Selfcare

RADIUS / AAApush/pull

Per Sub/Service Accounting

Internet

SubscriberSessions

PPPoEoE

IPoE

DHCP

IP address Mgt.DHCP Server &

Proxy

PPP to IP/DHCP MigrationCisco Intelligent Edge


RADIUS

Self-pro-visioning/ Selfcare

Dynamic Wholesale Subscriber Sessions

PPPoEoE

IPoE

VLAN

Retailer B

Retailer C

Retailer A

VRF

L2TP

VPLS

VLAN VPWS

Retailer DStatically provisioned Bitstream Wholesale

VLAN VPLS

Flexible Wholesale Services OptionsDynamic and Manually Provisioned

Comprehensive set of Wholesale Options:

Static

Manually/NMS provisioned

VLAN based transport via VPLS and VPWS based

Dynamic

Auto-Provisioned via RADIUS

PPPoE: L2TPv2 LAC

IP/DHCP : VRF Based IP Wholesale

VLAN based transport via VPLS and VPWS on selected platforms


Multiservice Capabilities Integration Multi-Service capabilities side-by-side same port

(*) Future, on

selected

platforms

IP, IPVPN, Any-Any

ETH Pt-Pt, Pt-MPt, MPt-MPt

IPoE Session

GE

10GE

40GE (*)

100GE (*)

L3PE

L2PE

IP/DHCP

PPP Sessions PTA/LAC

Service

Access

Function

Routing

H-QoS

AAA


• Carrier Ethernet plus Subscriber Awareness for Residential, Business convergence

• Very High Throughput per sub

• Subscriber Aware/ Dynamic IP services

• Focused on Ethernet/FTTH/3-play

• Distributed Ethernet BNG and LAC/LNS

• Positioned for Integrated services; per subscriber FW, DPI, and SBC without Service Blades

Cisco 7600

Cisco

ASR 1000

Cisco 10000Cisco

7200/7301

New entry

Cisco BNG Enabled Platforms


Video Enabled Subscribers

Unsurpassed Multicast Scale / Efficiency

Reliable System-Wide H-QoS

Inherent Video Intelligence

Resilient Video Delivery

Converged PlatformBNG

Residential Service Termination +

Business L2VPN +

Business L3VPN +

Video Transport +

Mobile Backhaul +

Internet Peering

Logical MD Scale

128k sessions + 64k EFPs +

64k PWs + 128k MACs +

1M routes + 4k VRFs + 10k L2TP

tunnels….

ALL ON ONE BOX!!!!

Physical Scale

440Gbps Capable Slots

Multiple 100G Intefaces per Slot

16 24 36 10G Interfaces/Slot

ASR 9000 BNG Introduction


BNG

VoiceInternetIPTV/VoD Caching and streaming

of OTT video

Home

AAA / Policy Mgr.

Policy Engine

AAA

Video Control

Subscriber: Identity +

Profile

Multicast

Forwarding

CDS-TV

CDS-ISVideo

BNG

IGMP

Joins

CAC

BNG as central network

policy control point for Video

Covers Multicast and

Unicast

Phase 1:

IGMP Join to session

correlation for subscriber BW

management

Phase 2:

Call Admission Control for IPTV

channels

Phase 3:

Subscriber Session integration

with embedded Video Caching

and Streaming

The Video BNG vision

88

Mobile Evolution


0

1,800,000

3,600,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

TB

/mo

Mobile Traffic will Increase 6X from 2011 to 2014,Video being the largest contributor

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index — Forecast, 2009–2014

7x Video Consumer IP

by 2014

Mobile Data to Grow at 125% CAGR 2009–

2014

Video is Nearly 66% of all Traffic

on Internet by 2014

Mobile Video

Mobile VoIP

Mobile Gaming

Mobile P2P

Mobile Web/Data

Global IP Traffic Growth


Bu

sin

es

s P

erf

orm

an

ce

Mobile Access Evolution and IP Infrastructure Impact

IP Insertion

Voice and

Data

Mobile Internet

Broadband

Mobile

Voice Traffic Dominates

Mobile Internet Dominates

Users/Sessions

Traffic

RevenueTDM

Infrastructure

Driving New Challenges for SPs


Decreasing revenue per bit drives demand for decreased cost per bit

Operators need to reduce investment in legacy technologies ATM / TDM

Industry clearly moving towards IP-based solutions

Support of legacy circuit networks over packet broadband is becoming viable

Dark Fibre

SONET/SDH

SS7 MSCBTS

RNC SGSN IPMGW

ATM

GGSNPDSN

GRX

FR

Multiple Layers

DWDM/Dark Fibre

IP/MPLS

SS7 MSCBTS RNC GGSNSGSN PDSNMGW GRX

Collapsed Transport

Impact on Backhaul Transport


All Radio Technologies Leading to IP…

3G

4G

2G

HSPA

EVDO

CDMA

GSM

WCDMA

EdgeLTE

WiMAX

IP


CDMA (3GPP2 Track)

GSM (3GPP Track)

IS95B 1xRTT1xEV-DO

Rev 0

IS136GSM/

PCSGPRS

EDGE

UMTS

(HSPA)

2G 2.5G 3G

3G2.5G

Circuit Circuit/Packet Packet

IS95A

2G1xEV-DO

Rev A

cdmaONE cdma2000

2.75G

LTE/SAE

4G

UMB

4G

(defunct)

Mobile Wireless Technology Evolution


Mobile

Generation

Mobile

Technology

Base Station

access

interface

Tower access Native Backhaul

Network

Controller

Access

2/2.5G GSM/GPRS/TDM

A/CDMA

Abis TDM (E1/T1 or

NxDS0)

PDH/SDH TDM (chOCx)

3G UMTS(Rel99) Iub ATM/ATM IMA

(NxPVCs)

ATM ATM/ATM IMA

(NxMxPVCs)

3G/4G EVDO, UMTS

(Rel5), LTE

Iub/Abis Ethernet/IP (GE)

PPP/IP - EVDO

IP/MPLS/Ethernet Ethernet/IP

(GE/10GE)

GSM/

CDMA

UMTS

Rel99

UMTS Rel5,

EDVO,LTE

BSC

RNC

R99

RNC

R5

Backhaul

E1/T1 or NxDS0

ATM/ATM IMA

chOCx

ATM/ATM IMA

GE 10 GE

IP

core

Mobile Backhaul Network


Technology Generation Standard Uplink (Kbps) Downlink (Kbps) Backhaul

GSM 2 3GPP 1 1 T1/E1

CDMA 2 3GPP2 1 1 T1/E1

GPRS 2.5 3GPP 85 85 T1/E1

EDGE 2.5 3GPP 125 125 T1/E1

1xRTT 2.5 3GPP2 100 100 T1/E1

UMTS R99/R4 3 3GPP 384 384 ATM IMA

HSDPA R5 3 3GPP 384 14,400 IP/MPLS

HSDPA R6 3 3GPP 5,720 14,400 IP/MPLS

HSPA+ R7 3 3GPP 11,200 28,000 IP/MPLS

EV-DO R0 3 3GPP2 154 246 IP/MPLS/MLPPP

EV-DO RevA 3 3GPP2 1,800 3,100 IP/MPLS

EV-DO RevB 3 3GPP2 1,800 4,900 IP/MPLS

WiMAX (10MHz) 4 IEEE 802.16 10,000 30,000 IP/MPLS

LTE R8 (20MHz) 4 3GPP 50,000 144,000 IP/MPLS

Mobile Transport Technologies Evolution


Broadband Mobile

Access Evolution ATM -> Ethernet DSLAMs TDM/ATM -> Ethernet Base Stations

Aggregation Evolution ATM -> Ethernet ATM/TDM -> Ethernet

Broadband(Fixed)/Mobile Evolution synergies

TD

MA

TM

ATM

Circuit Network

IP/Eth

Packet Network

Eth

Circuit

Centric

Packet

Centric

L2/L2 VPN

L3/L3 VPN

EthL2/L2

VPNL3/L3 VPN

SONET

TD

MA

TM

Eth

GPRS

UMTS

HSDPA

LTE

3G

4G 4G

3G

Mobile Transport Technologies Evolution


3

G

P

P

B

B

F

eNodeB Agg PGW

AN Agg BNGHDTV

PCRF

BCRF

AAA

AAA

3

G

P

P

B

B

F

eNodeBAgg PGW

AN Agg BNGHDTV

PCRF

BCRF

AAA

AAA

MAG

S2aPMIPv6

LMA

Today Target (*)

BNG get mobile subscriber

Credentials and QoS profile through AAA/BCRF

Requires QOS & AAA synergy betw/ 3GPP/BBF

Mobile Service access through BBF BNG

No IP session persistency

BNG responsible of selective traffic steering towards user session anchor

May require QOS & AAA synergy betw/ 3GPP/BBF

IP Session Persistency when roaming

Requires a network-based mobility management protocol such as PIMIPv6 (RFC5213)

Mobile connects through WLAN. Assume dual-mode support (3-4G + Wifi)

(*) futureFixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)Access Offload


Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)Network and Content Offload

BNG is responsible of selective traffic steering towards user session anchor

May require QOS & AAA synergy betw/ 3GPP/BB

IP Session Persistency when roaming

Selected IP Traffic Offload on Offload Gateways (OGW)

Applies to Fixed and Mobile architectures

3

G

P

P

B

B

F

eNodeB Agg PGW

AN Agg BNGHDTV

PCRF

BCRF

AAA

AAA

MAG

S2aPMIPv6

3

G

P

P

B

B

F

eNodeB Agg PGW

AN Agg BNGHDTV

PCRF

BCRF

AAA

AAA

OGW

OGW

Access (*) Network and Content (*)

(*) future


Home

Unified Gateway System

handling residential and

bandwidth heavy mobile

traffic

Unified Control Plane for

Mobile and Wireline

Video Solution for

Mobility and Wireline

Policy tie-in with Cisco

Mobile Systems

AAA / Policy Mgr./

PCRF

Policy Engine

AAA

Video Control

Subscriber: Identity + Profile

OGW

CDS-TV

CDS-IS

OGW BNG

MPC

Internet

Core

Vision: Video enabled FMC of BNG and OGW


Internet

SGi

Central

PGW

Internet traffic offload

over SGi

MME

eNB

S11

S1-U

S1-MME

eNB

Call Localisation

CGF OCS PCRFLIG HSS

GxS6aGy/Ga

OGW

Addressing, Policy, QoS, Accounting

(GTPv2, Diameter, Gz/Rf Accounting)

S5

Femto, WiFi

Agg/

Backhaul

Video Offload

Vision: Video enabled FMC Architecture


―Broadband‖ has come a long way…

Best Effort

High-Speed Internet

(BB-F TR-25)

High-Speed Internet

Plus QoS for bundled

Services

(BB-F TR-59)

3-Play

High-Capacity,

Rich Media Services

BB-F TR-101

BB-F WT-146

Carrier Ethernet

IPv6

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4

Fixed and

Mobile

Convergence


Scalability Reaching millions of subscribers over high speed connections

Next Gen Access Technologies

Cost Effectiveness Providing high-capacity services at low cost Ethernet

Flexibility Adding new services seamlessly IP

Address Space scalability Any appliance access to the internet IPv6

Subscriber and service awareness

Subscriber Identification and personalisationof services

L2 and L3 access control

Broadband Challenges…


GlossaryAcronyms

AAA Accounting Authentication Authorisation

AgN Aggregation Node

AN Access Node

ANCP Access Node Control Protocol

ADSL Asymmetric DSL

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

BNG Broadband Network Gateway

BoD Bandwidth on Demand

BPON Broadband PON

BRAS Broadband Remote Access Server

CO Central Office

CMTS Cable Modem Termination System

CPE Customer Premises Equipment

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification

DS Down Stream

DSL Digital Subscriber Line

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol

EoMPLS Ethernet over MPLS

ETTH Ethernet To The Home

EVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit

FRR Fast Restoration

FSOL First Sign Of Life

FTTC Fibre To The Curb

Acronyms

FTTH Fibre To The Home

FTTN Fibre To The Node

FTTP Fibre To The Premises

FTTx Fibre To The x

GPON Gigabit PON

(G)EPON (Gigabit) Ethernet PON

IPoE IP over Ethernet

IPTV IP Television

HA High Availability

HSI High Speed Internet

H-VPLS Hierarchical VPLS

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol

ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISG Intelligent Services Gateway

ISP Internet Service Provider

L2TP Layer 2 Tunnelling Protocol

LAC L2TP Access Concentrator

LNS L2TP Network Server

LR-VDSL2 Long Reach VDSL2

MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching

NAP Network Access Provider

NAS Network Access Server

NSP Network Service Provider

OLT Optical Line Termination

ONU Optical Network Unit

PIM Protocol Independent Multicast

Acronyms

PON Passive Optical Network

PoP Point of Presence

PPP Point to Point Protocol

PPPoA PPP over ATM

PPPoE PPP over Ethernet

PTA PPP Aggregation and Termination

PTP Point To Point

PW Pseudo Wire

QoS Quality of Service

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service

RT Remote Terminal

SP Service Provide

TAL Transparent Auto Logon

TDM Time Division Multiplexing

TE Traffic Engineering

TR Technical Report

UBR Universal Broadband Router

US Upstream

VDSL Very High Speed DSL

VoIP Voice over IP

VoD Video on Demand

VPLS Virtual Private LAN Services

VPN Virtual Private Network

VRF Virtual Routing Forwarding

104

Q & A


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Evolution of Service Provider Edge...

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