FLUIDIZED BED, MICROWAVE AND MICROWAVE ASSISTED FLUIDIZED BED
Evolution of Coal-Fired Fluidized Bed Technology
Transcript of Evolution of Coal-Fired Fluidized Bed Technology
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Evolution of Coal-Fired Fluidized Bed Technology and Potential Operations
Constraints
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First Fluidized Bed Patents (US)
“Manufacturing Fuel Gas”Fritz Winkler, Luwigshafen-am-Rhine1,687,118Applied: 1923Granted: 1928Assigned to I.G. Farbenidustrie Aktiengesellschaft
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First Fluidized Bed Patents (US)
“Process of Producing Chemical Reactions”William W. Odell, Pittsburgh*1,983,380Applied: 1926 (Original)**Granted: 1934Assigned to Standard Oil Development Company
*Odell was with the US Bureau of Mines**Originally Rejected Due to Winkler Filing, Application Refiled with Legal Assistance of Standard Oil
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Early Fluidized Bed Developments
• Winkler Gasifiers, I.G. Farben Works at Leuna* (1929-1931)
• Fluid Bed Calcining and Ore Roasting (1950’s)– Fluid Bed Roasting = Fluid Bed Combustion
• Fluidized Bed Combustion Developed for Power Generation (Babcock Atlantique, 1950’s)
*Dr.’s Sabel und Jeltsch from the Plant were Interviewed (Interrogated) by Odell et al., April 1945
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More Recent Developments• Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (1978)-
Independent Power Producers– Qualifying Facility Status for Fluidized Bed-Friendly
Fuels• CFB Boiler Installed Capacities grow to 300 MW
(Sub-Critical), 460 MW (Supercritical)• Fuels:– Coal– Coal Waste– Pet Coke– Biomass– MSW
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DOE FE and Fluidized Beds
• R&D- Waste Coal (1960’s- as the Bureau of Mines)
• Shamokin Demonstration Project (Late 1970’s)
• Nucla CFB Demonstration (1980’s)• JEA Northside Project (early 2000’s)• Development of the TRIG Gasifier • Ongoing R&D in Fundamentals
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Recent DOE Involvement in Fluidized Bed Technology Development
JEA Northside Station, 2 X 300 MW Repowering with CFB Boilers
Southern Company Kemper IGCC Project, 582 MW with 2 TRIG Gasifiers
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Fluidization Grid
Secondary Air Level
Fuel
Limestone
Air Heater
Screw Cooler
PA
Zon e
Common CFB Boiler Component Terms
Stack
ID FanBaghouse
Upp
er
Com
bust
or
PA=Primary AirID=Induced Draft
Cyclone
Bac
kpas
s
Vortex Finder
Loopseal
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Secondary Air Level
Fuel
Limestone
Air Heater
Screw Cooler
PA
Zon e
Common CFB Boiler Component Terms
Stack
ID FanBaghouse
Upp
er
Com
bust
or
PA=Primary AirID=Induced Draft
Cyclone
Bac
kpas
s
Vortex Finder
Loopseal
Fluid Bed Ash Cooler
High Ash Fuel
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Common CFB Boiler Component Terms
The Bed Inventory• Solids Products of the Process• Must be Removed at the Rate
that They are Generated• Controls
• Extent of Chemical Reactions
• Heat Transfer• Can Cause Operations Issues
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Primary (Fluidization) Air (60%)
Secondary Air (40%)
Fuel
Limestone
FlyashBottom Ash
Flue Gas
Material Balance Around a CFB Boiler
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Some Definitions
• Bottom Ash: Solids that are Removed Directly from the Bed to Maintain DP while New Solids are being Generated
• Flyash: Solids that are Removed from the System Entrained with the Fluidization Medium (Cyclone Overflow)
• Ash Split- Relative Proportions of Bottom Ash and Flyash Generated by the System(for Example, 55% Bottom Ash)
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What Happens in a Coal-Fired CFB
• Devolatilization (Boilers and Gasifiers)• Combustion (Boilers, Gasifiers near Grid)• Gasification (Gasifiers, Boilers in PA Zone)• NOx Reduction (Including Reaction of NOx
with Char)• Sulfur Capture by Sorbent (Limestone):
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Fluidization Grid
Secondary Air Level
Fuel
Limestone
Air Heater
Screw Cooler
PA
Zon e
CFB Boiler Potential Operations Constraints
Stack
ID FanBaghouse
Upp
er
Com
bust
or
*Related to Bed Inventory
Cyclone
Bac
kpas
s
Vortex Finder
Loopseal
Solids Handling (Wear and Erosion)• Crushing and Grinding• Fuel and Limestone Valves• Waterwalls*• Screw Coolers*• Cyclone Inlets*• Vortex Finders*• Backpass Tubes*• Air Heater Parts*• Ash Conveyors*
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Fluidization Grid
Secondary Air Level
Fuel
Limestone
Air Heater
Screw Cooler
PA
Zon e
CFB Boiler Potential Operations Constraints
Stack
ID FanBaghouse
Upp
er
Com
bust
or Cyclone
Bac
kpas
s
Vortex Finder
Loopseal
Solids Handling (Flow Properties)• Fuel Storage• Ash Storage*• Fuel Conveyors
*Related to Bed Inventory
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Fluidization Grid
Secondary Air Level
Fuel
Limestone
Air Heater
Screw Cooler
PA
Zon e
CFB Boiler Potential Operations Constraints
Stack
ID FanBaghouse
Upp
er
Com
bust
or Cyclone
Bac
kpas
s
Vortex Finder
Loopseal
Refractory Issues• Spalling• Erosion*
*Related to Bed Inventory
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Secondary Air Level
Fuel
Limestone
Air Heater
Screw Cooler
PA
Zon e
CFB Boiler Potential Operations Constraints
Stack
ID FanBaghouse
Upp
er
Com
bust
or Cyclone
Bac
kpas
s
Vortex Finder
Loopseal
Fluid Bed Ash Cooler
Bed Maintenance Issues• Agglomeration*• Fouling*• Ash Split
• Excessive Bottom Ash Conveyor Temperatures*
• Delta P Issues*
*Related to Bed Inventory