Evolution and the Industrial Evolution and the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

David JohnsonDavid Johnson

Life Science Per.4Life Science Per.4

Ms. BlackshearMs. Blackshear

Charles DarwinCharles Darwin

Who was Darwin?Who was Darwin?– Charles Darwin was a Charles Darwin was a

naturalist that took a trip on naturalist that took a trip on the H.M.S. Beagle to the the H.M.S. Beagle to the Galapagos Islands in 1831-Galapagos Islands in 1831-1836. The different animals 1836. The different animals and plants that he saw on and plants that he saw on this trip lead him to his this trip lead him to his theory of evolution by natural theory of evolution by natural selection.selection.

Evidence From the GalapagosEvidence From the Galapagos What did Darwin observe?What did Darwin observe?

– On the trip to the Galapagos Islands Darwin On the trip to the Galapagos Islands Darwin noticed that the finches had many different beak noticed that the finches had many different beak shapes. These differences were due to the shapes. These differences were due to the variety of foods that the birds ate. Darwin variety of foods that the birds ate. Darwin concluded that these beaks changes in shape concluded that these beaks changes in shape over time so that the birds could adapt to the over time so that the birds could adapt to the environment. Being able to adapt is necessary environment. Being able to adapt is necessary for survival so that one can compete for for survival so that one can compete for resources. resources.

DefinitionsDefinitions

What is evolution?What is evolution?– Evolution is defined as Evolution is defined as

the gradual change in a the gradual change in a species over time.species over time.

What is natural What is natural selection?selection?– Natural selection is a Natural selection is a

situation in which an situation in which an organism is better organism is better adapted to its adapted to its environment which environment which makes it more likely to makes it more likely to survive and reproduce.survive and reproduce.

Natural Selection Concept MapNatural Selection Concept Map

Graphs of Peppered Moth Graphs of Peppered Moth PopulationsPopulations

Dark Moth Population

100

160200

250300

330360380400

450

0

100

200

300

400

500

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Years after start of Industrial Revolution

Num

ber o

f Mot

hs

Series1

Light Moth Population

050

100150200250300350

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Years after start of Industrial Revolution

Mot

h Po

pula

tion

Series1

What do the graphs show?What do the graphs show?

The population of light peppered moths were high The population of light peppered moths were high before the Industrial revolution and the population before the Industrial revolution and the population of dark moths was low. Once the Industrial of dark moths was low. Once the Industrial revolution began thick smoke and soot caused the revolution began thick smoke and soot caused the trees where the moths rested to become trees where the moths rested to become darkened. This made it easier for predators to see darkened. This made it easier for predators to see the light moths and as a result they were more the light moths and as a result they were more likely to get eaten by the predators than the darker likely to get eaten by the predators than the darker moths. The variation within the species of moth moths. The variation within the species of moth allowed the darker moths to be able to survive allowed the darker moths to be able to survive much better than the lighter moths and as a result much better than the lighter moths and as a result their population grew.their population grew.