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Vishal EVM LPU Page 1

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE

Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For

the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

By:-

Vishal Patidar - 11105049

Under the guidance of

______KAVITA DUBEY_______

Department of Electronics and CommunicationEngineering

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY

G.T Road Jalandhar Punjab (144403)

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project report

entitled ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINEthat is

being submitted by Vishal Patidar -11105049 in partial

fulfillment for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of

Technology in Electronics and Communication

Engineering to the Lovely Professional University is a

record of bonafide work carried out by him under my

guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this

project report have not been submitted to any other

University or Institute for the award of any Graduation

degree.

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ABSTRACT

According to Election Data Services the

percentage of electronic voting machines per country doubled between

1998 and 2002 to 16 percent-, yet a full replacement of the traditional

voting procedure is very unlikely. In its essence, an electronic voting

machine is a computer assisted self-interviewing device (CASI) giving

the voter the opportunity to review and change his/her vote before

submitting it. The different types of voting machines allow for differentkinds of interaction, such as using a touch screen technology, using a

dial wheel, touching a paper panel, or pressing a button on an LCD

screen. Each machine provides feedback for blank ballots and under-

voting and prevents selecting more choices than the maximum allowed.

Some machines even have advanced functions such as increasing the

font for visually impaired voters and/or allowing for listening of the

voting options rather than reading. The common features electronicvoting machines share with CASI and ACASI devices allow for

theoretical and empirical predictions of the advantages and

disadvantages this technology can provide. The paper presents an

overview of the different types of voting machines and based on

established theories and results from CASI and ACASI studies,

examines and compares characteristics of the machines currently used

and computer-human interaction mechanisms, their potential effects, andunexplored applications. Furthermore, possibilities such as prediction of

candidates name order effect, already existing in the literature, and

computer literacy effect on voting are discussed.

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CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION:

1.1 The Electronic Voting MachineAn Electronic Marvel.1.2Description

2. TOOLS USED:

2.1 Hardware Tools

2.2 Software Tools

3. FLOW DIAGRAM:

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM

4.1.Description Of BlockDiagram

5. OPERATION5.1 Operation or Working of Project:

6.SOFTWARE CODE:

6.1 C code

6.2 Proteus file

7.HARDWARE DESIGN

8.ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

9.CONCLUSION:

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 The Electronic Voting MachineAn Electronic Marvel.Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) retains all the characteristics of voting by ballot papers, whilemaking polling a lot more expedient. Being fast and absolutely reliable, the EVM saves considerabletime, money and manpower. And, of course, helps maintain total voting secrecy without the use of

ballot papers. The EVM is 100 per cent tamper proof. And, at the end of the polling, just press a

button and there you have the results.

1.2 Description:

Electronic voting machine has now days become an effective tool for voting. It

ensures flawless voting and thus has become more widespread. It ensures people

about their vote being secured. It avoids any kind of malpractice and invalid votes.

Also such kind of system becomes more economical as consequent expenditureincurred on manpower is saved. It is also convenient on the part of voter, as he hasto just press one key whichever belongs to his candidates.

voting machines are the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical, orelectronic equipment (including software, firmware, and documentation required to

program control, and support equipment), that is used to define ballots; to cast andcount votes; to report or display election results; and to maintain and produce any

audit trail information. The first voting machines were mechanical but it is

increasingly more common to use electronic voting machines.

A voting system includes the practices and associated documentation used toidentify system components and versions of such components; to test the systemduring its development and maintenance; to maintain records of system errors or

defects; to determine specific changes made

after initial certification; and to make available any materials to the voter (such as

notices, instructions, forms, or paper ballots).

Traditionally, a voting machine has been defined by the mechanism the systemuses to cast votes and further categorized by the location where the system

tabulates the votes.

Voting machines have different levels of usability, security, efficiency and

accuracy. Certain systems may be more or less accessible to all voters, or notaccessible to those voters with certain types of disabilities. They can also have an

effect on the public's ability to oversee elections.

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TOOLS USED

2.1 HARDWARE TOOLS:

The control Unit : In Total control of the polling Conduction of

polling, display of total votes polled, sealing at the end of the poll, and

finally, declaration of resultsthese are the various accomplishments of

just one gadget : the control unit. In total control of the polling, this

electronic unit gives you all necessary information at a press of a few

buttons. For instance, if you need to know the total number of votes, you

just have to press the Total switch. Candidates-wise results can be had

only at the end of polling.

The Ballot Unit : An electronic ballot box. A simple voting device, itdisplays the list of candidates. A facility to incorporate party names and

symbols is in-built. All the voter has to do is press the desired switch

located next to the name of each candidate. The main advantage is the

speed, apart from the simplicity of operation, which requires no training

at all. A single ballot unit takes in the names of 16 candidates. And thus,

by connecting four ballot units the EVM can accommodate a total of 64

candidates in a single election.

2.2 SOFTWARE TOOLS:KEIL SOFTWARE: The Keil 8051 Development Tools are designed to solv

the complex problems facing embedded software developers.

The Keil Vision Debugger accurately simulates on-chip peripherals

(IC, CAN, UART, SPI, Interrupts, I/O Ports, A/D Converter, D/A

Converter, and PWM Modules) of your 8051 device. Simulation

helps you understand hardware configurations and avoids time

wasted on setup problems. Additionally, with simulation, you can

write and test applications before target hardware is available.

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Source Code

#includesfr input=0x90;

sfr ldata=0xa0;

sbit rs=P0^7;

sbit rw=P0^6;

sbit en=P0^5;

sbit m=P3^0;

sbit n=P3^1;

sbit buzz=P3^2;

sbit on=P3^3;

void delay(int );

void lcdcmd(char );

void lcddata1(char *);

void lcddata(char);

//void lcd();

int

i1,i11,i12,i2,i21,i22,i3,i31,i32,i4,i41,i42,i5,i51,i52,i6,i61,i62,i7,i71,i72,i8,i81,i82=0;

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void main()

{ on=0;

P1=0;P3=0;

while(1)

{

lcdcmd(0x38);

delay(10);

lcdcmd(0x0e) ;

delay(10);

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcdcmd(0x06) ;

delay(20) ;

if(n==1)

on=1;

if(m==1&on==1)

{

if (input==0x01)

{

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buzz=1;

while (input == 0x01);

i1=i1 + 1;

if(i1>=10)

i11=i1/10;

i12=i1%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

//ready=0;

}

if (input==0x02)

{buzz=1;


{

i2=i2 + 1;

if(i2>=10)

i21=i2/10;

i22=i2%10;

on=0;

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buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x04)

{

buzz=1;

while (input ==0x04);

{

i3=i3 + 1;

if(i3>=10)

i31=i3/10;

i32=i3%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x08)

{

buzz=1;

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{

i4=i4 + 1;

if(i4>=10)

i41=i4/10;

i42=i4%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x10)

{

buzz=1;


{

i5=i5 + 1;

if(i5>=10)

i51=i5/10;

i52=i5%10;

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i5=0;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x20)

{

buzz=1;


{

i6=i6 + 1;

if(i6>=10)

i61=i6/10;

i62=i6%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x40)

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{

buzz=1;


{

i7=i7 + 1;

if(i7>=10)

i71=i7/10;

i72=i7%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}

if (input==0x80)

{

buzz=1;


{

i8=i8 + 1;

if(i7>=10)

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i81=i8/10;

i82=i8%10;

on=0;

buzz=0;

}

}}

if(m==0)//else

{

if (input==0x01)

{

lcddata1(" CONRESS=");

lcddata(i11+0x30);

lcddata(i12+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if (input==0x02)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" BJP=");

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lcddata(i21+0x30);

lcddata(i22+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if (input==0x04)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" CP(M&I)=");

lcddata(i31+0x30);

lcddata(i32+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if (input==0x08)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" TDP=");

lcddata(i41+0x30);

lcddata(i42+0x30);

delay(100);

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}

if(input==0x10)

{

lcdcmd(0x10);

lcddata1(" TRS=");

lcddata(i51+0x30);

lcddata(i52+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if(input==0x20)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" PRP=");

lcddata(i61+0x30);

lcddata(i62+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if(input==0x40)

{

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lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT1=");

lcddata(i71+0x30);

lcddata(i72+0x30);

delay(100);

}

if(input==0x80)

{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1(" INDEPENDANT2=");

lcddata(i81+0x30);

lcddata(i82+0x30);

delay(100);

}

else{

lcdcmd(0x01);

lcddata1("press key ");

delay(100) ;

}}

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}}

void delay(int time)

{

int i,j;

for(i=0;i

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{

ldata=value[i];

rs=1;

rw=0;

en=1;

delay(1);

en=0;

}

}

void lcddata(char value)

{

ldata=value;

rs=1;

rw=0;

en=1;

delay(1);

en=0;

}

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CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

In this paper, we have described the specification andarchitecture of a ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE .Various fault-tolerance and

security issues are delegated to the platform itself, therefore relieving theapplication designer from accommodating these features in the application design

itself. This approach allows for the easy development and deployment ofapplications.

For quite some time, voting equipment vendors have maintained that their systems

are secure, and that the closed-source nature makes them even more secure. Our

glimpse into the code of such a system reveals that there is little difference in the

way code is developed for voting machines relative to other commercial

endeavors. In fact, we believe that an open process would result in more careful

development, as more scientists, software engineers, political activists, and others

who value their democracy would be paying attention to the quality of the software

that is used for their elections. (Of course, open source would not solve all of the

problems with electronic elections. It is still important to verify somehow that the

binary program images running in the machine correspond to the source code and

that the compilers used on the source code are non-malicious. However, open

source is a good start.) Such open design processes have proven successful in

projects ranging from very focused efforts, such as specifying the Advanced

Encryption Standard (AES) [23], through very large and complex systems such as

maintaining the Linux operating System. Australia is currently using an open

source voting system10Alternatively, security models such as the voter-verified

audit trail allow for electronic voting systems that produce a paper trail that can be

seen and verified by a voter. In such a system, the correctness burden on the voting

terminals code is significantly less as voters can see and verify a physical object

that describes their vote. Even if, for whatever reason, the machines cannot namethe winner of an election, then the paper ballots can be recounted, either

mechanically or manually, to gain progressively more accurate election results.

Voter-verifiable audit trails are required in some U.S. states, and major DRE

vendors have made public statements that they would support such features if their

customers required it. The EVM project an ambitious attempt to create an open-

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source voting system with a voter-verifiable audit trail a laudable goal The model

where individual vendors write proprietary code to run our elections appears to be

unreliable, and if we do not change the process of designing our voting systems,

we will have no confidence that our election results will reflect the will of the

electorate. We owe it to ourselves and to our future to have robust, well-designedelection systems to preserve the bedrock of our democracy

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