evidentiary-hearings-in case-002
-
Upload
mekongpostinfo -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
description
Transcript of evidentiary-hearings-in case-002
nnYYnn CCaa kkññúúggbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr EExxFFññÚÚ qqññaaMM22001111 ¬¬rrUUbbfftt ³³ GG>>vv>>tt>>kk¦¦
esckþIepþIm
enAéf¶TI5 ExFñÚ qñaM2011 GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgén
GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCa)anepþImebIksvnakar
sYredjedal nigBinitüelIPsþútag bnÞab;BImansvnakarén
kareFIVesckþIsniñdæanecaTRbkan; nigelIGgÁesckþIénsMNuM
erOg002 Edl)anRbRBwtþeFIVeLIgkalBIéf¶TI21dl;23
Exvicäka qñaM2011 knøgmk. svnakarenH )ancab;epþIm
CamYynwgkarsYredjedalCnCab;ecaTTak;TgnwgRbvtþién
bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa rYmTaMgRbvtiþsavtarrbs;CnCab;ecaT
nYn Ca/ eGog sarI/ nig exov sMpn tamdIkadMeNaHRsay.
PaKITaMgGs;RtÚv)anGgÁCMnMuCRmHkRmit[sYrRtwmEtGgÁehtu
EdlBak;B½n§nwgRbvtiþbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa nigsavtarrbs;
CnCab;ecaTmñak;²Etb:ueNÑaH ehIyGgÁehtuenHRtÚv)anGan
CUnKUPaKI nigsaFarNCn[)andwgCamunedayRkLabBa¢Ién
GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg.
CadMbUg ecARkm)aneFIVkarsYredjedalCnCab;ecaT
nYn Ca bnÞab;mkCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI ehIycugeRkay
KWCnCab;ecaT exov sMpn. CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI )an
eRbIR)as;siTi §kñ úgkarmineFIVskçIkmμ nigeqøIytbnwgsMNYr
TaMgLayrbs;PaKI rYmTaMgecARkmpg. rIÉCnCab;ecaT
exov sMpn )anGHGagfa xøÜnnwgmineqøIytbnwgsMNYr
TaMgLayrbs;PaKIenAkñúgsvnakarEdlecaTsYrmkelIxøÜn
eLIy luHRtaEtshRBHraCGaCJa)anbgðajPsþútagEdl
ecaTRbkan;mkelIxøÜnCamunsin. fIVd,itEt CnCab;ecaT exov
sMpn )anbdiesFmineqøIynwgsMNYrrbs;PaKIk¾edayenA
kñúgGMLúgeBlénsvnakar CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)anesñIsMuGgÁ
CMnM uCRmHGanesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;xø ÜnedImI,eqø Iytbnwg
cMNucTaMgLayénGgÁehtuEdlTak;TgnwgRbvtiþbkSkumμúy
nIsþkm<úCa nigRbvtþisavtarrbs;xøÜn. kñúgcMeNamCnCab;ecaT
TaMgbIrUb manEtCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca mñak;Kt; Edlyl;RBm
eqøIynwgsMNYrrbs;ecARkm nigshRBHraCGaCJaEdlecaT
sYrmkelIxøÜn.
enAkñúgsvnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nigBinitüelI
PsþútagenH edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIcMnYnBIrrUb nigsakISmYyrUb
RtÚv)anekaHehAmkeFIVskçIkmμenAcMeBaHmuxGgÁCMnMuCRmH.
sakISrUbenaHRtÚv)anGgÁCMnMuCRmHcat;TukfaCasakISsMxan;
EdlGacGnuBaØat[PaKITaMgGs;sYredjedalBIGgÁehtuTaMg
mUlénsm½ykm<úCaRbCaFibetyü. edaysarmUlehtu
suxPaB nigv½ycas;Cra sakISrUbenHminGaccUlrYmeday
pÞal;enAkñúgbnÞb;svnakareLIy ehIykarsYredjedalRtÚv
eFIVeLIgtamry³RbB½n§esatTsSn_BIextþbnÞaymanC½yEdl
CaTIkEnøgsñak;enArbs;sakISrUbenH.
svnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nigBinitüelIPsþútag
EdlerobcMeLIgedayGgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgenAeBlenHmin
Tan;bBa©b;enAeLIyeT svnakarenHnwgRtÚvbnþRbRBwtþeFIVenA
éf¶TI10 Exmkra qñaM2012bnþbnÞab;eTot.
1¦ GgÁehtusþIBIRbvtþibkSkumμúynisþkm<úCa nigRbvtþi
savtarrbs;CnCab;ecaTmñak;²
svnakarsYredjedal nigBinitüelIPsþútag)an
cab;epþImedayGanGgÁehturbs;RkLabBa¢IBIrnak;énGgÁCMnMu
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 1
svnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nigBinitüPsþútagkñúgsMNMuerOg002
éf¶TI5-15 ExFñÚ qñaM2011
qayQunlI/ DI suCata/ can R)afña nig lwm C½yTtþ
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
CRmHsaladMbUgTak;TgeTAnwgRbvtiþénbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa
nigRbvtþ isavtarrbs;CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca eGog sarI
nigexov sMpn tamdIkadMeNaHRsayenAkñúgsMNMuerOg002
muneBlGgÁCMnM uCRmHGnuBaØat[mankarsYredjedalCn
Cab;ecaT edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI sakIS nigGñkCMnajGMBI
GgÁehtuEdlerobrab;xagelI.
k¦ RbvtþibkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa
enAkñúgdIkabBa¢ÚnerOgeTACMnMuCRmHkñúgsMNMuerOg002
rbs;shecARkmesIubGegát)anelIkeLIgfa eRkayBIbkS
kumμúynIsþ\NÐÚcin)anrlayenAkñúgqñaM1951 GtItsmaCik
rbs;bkSenH)anbegáItGgÁkarbdivtþn_dac;edayELkBIKñaenA
kñúgRbeTsnImYy² ehIybkSfμImYyEdlbegáIteLIgenAkm<úCa
maneQμaHfa {bkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_Exμr}. bkSenHmankar
cUlrYmBIRkúm\sSr³edIm,ITamTarÉkraCüBIGaNaniKm)araMg
EdlkarTamTarenH)anTTYleCaKC½y nigRtÚv)anTTYlsÁal;
enAsnñisITTIRkúghSWENvkñúgqñaM1954. enAéf¶TI30 ExkBaØa
qñaM1960 bkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_Exμr)aneFVImhasmaC ehIy
)anbþÚreQμaHeTACa {bkSBlkrExμr} EdlenHCacMNuccab;epþIm
BitR)akdénkarbegáItclnakumμúynIsþExμr. bkSenH)an
begáIt {maKa’yuT§sa®sþ} nig {maKa’yuT§viFI} c,as;las; kñúg
qñaM1960enAGMLúgeBlmhasnñi)atbkSelIkTI1. enAEx
mkra qñaM1965 {bkSBlkrExμr} )anGnum½tesckþIseRmc
mYyEdl)anbdiesFcMeBaH {karpøas;bþÚredaysnþiviFI} eTA
kan;lT§isgÁmniym nig)anbBa¢ak;fa {CakarcaM)ac;EdlRtÚv
eRbIR)as;higSabdivtþn_} kñúgkarts‘URbqaMgnwgBYkcRkRkBtþi.
enAExkBaØa b¤tula qñaM1966 bkSBlkrExμrRtÚv)anbþÚr
eQμaHeTACa {bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa} Edl)anseRmceday
RbFanbkSenAkñúgGgÁRbCMuKN³mCÄim. enAéf¶TI17 Exmkra
qñaM1968 kgkmøaMgrbs;bkSkumμúynisþkm<úCa)anebIkkar
vayRbharelIkgT½Brbs;rdæaPi)alenAPUmi)aydMraM ¬PaK
xagtÚ,gRkúg)at;dMbg¦ ehIyrwbGUs)anGavuFmYycMnYn.
kalbriecäTénkarvayRbharenHRtÚv)anbkSkumμúynisþkm<úCa
kMNt;faCaéf¶kMeNItrbs;kgT½Bbdivtþkm<úCa ehIyb:unμanEx
eRkaymk kgkmøaMgrbs;bkSkumμúynisþkm<úCa)anbnþkar
vayRbharrbs;xøÜnenATUTaMgRbeTs. enAéf¶TI23 ExmIna
qñaM1970 semþc sIhnu )anRbkasbegáIt {rNsirSrYbrYm
Cati} edIm,IeFVIkarbHe)arRbqaMgrdæaPi)al EdlkarRbkas
enHeFVIeLIgeRkayBI ln; nl; eFVIrdæRbharTmøak;RBHGgÁenA
éf¶TI18ExmIna qñaM1970.Ca»kasl¥ bkSkumμúynisþkm<úCa
)ancgsm<n½§PaBCamYysemþc sIhnu ehIybegáItrdæaPi)al
nireTsfμImYymanmUldæanenATIRkúgeb:kaMgmaneQμaHfa {raC
rdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatikm<úCa} nigRbkasCapøÚvkaréf¶TI5 Ex
2 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
RRBBHHssggÇÇkkMMBBuuggeeddIIrrccUUllbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr
ssiissSSaannuussiissSSkkMMBBuuggttRRmmgg;;CCYYrrccUUllbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr
]sPa qñaM1970. bkSkumμúynIsþ)anebIkkarvaylukelI
tMbn;EdlRKb;RKgedayrdæaPi)alrbs; ln; nl; CabnþbnÞab;
ehIyenAéf¶TI17 Exemsa qñaM1975 bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa
)anrMedaHykTIRkúgPMñeBj. EteTaHbICay:agNakþI GtßiPaB
rbs;bkSkumμúynisþkm<úCaRtÚv)anRbkasCapøÚvkarenAExkBaØa
qñaM1977.
x¦ Rbvtþisavtarrbs;CnCab;ecaTmñak;²
bnÞab;BIRbvtþibkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa RkLabBa¢I)anbnþ
GanGMBItYnaTI nigkarcUlrYmkñúgclnakumμúynisþrbs;CnCab;
ecaT nYn Ca/ eGog sarI nig exov sMpn muneBlénrbbkm<úCa
RbCaFibetyü EdlepþatsMxan;eTAelItYnaTIrbs;CnCab;ecaT
mñak;²cab;taMgBIkarcUlRbLÚkneya)ay rhUtdl;karcab;epþIm
énrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyükñúgExemsa qñaM1975.
11¦¦ RRbbvvttþþiissaavvttaarrrrbbss;;CCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT nnYYnn CCaa
CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )ancab;epþImcUlRbLÚky:ag
skmμkñúgskmμPaBneya)ayenAcugTsvtSr_qñaM1940 enA
xN³eBlEdlxøÜnenAkñúgRbeTséf. CnCab;ecaTrYbenH
)ancUlrYmCamYy{GgÁkaryuvCnRbCaFibetyü} Edlsßit
enAeRkambkSkumμúynIsþéf. bnÞab;mk CnenH)anvilmk
km<úCaedIm,IcUlrYmclnats‘Urbs;bkSkumμúynisþ\NÐÚcinenA
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 3
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
nnaayyTTaahhaannkkMMBBuuggttRRmmgg;;CCYYrrccUUllbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr
mm®®nnþþIIkkiicc©©kkaarrssaaFFaarrNN³³EEcckkeessoovveePPAAEENNnnaaMMrrbbss;;ssaallaakkþþIICCUUnnRRbbCCaaCCnn
dMbn;sMLÚt edayTTYlbnÞúkxageXasnaenAkñúgbkS. enAkñúg
xN³eBlenaHCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anTak;Tgy:agskmμ
CamYyRkúmkumμúynIsþevotNam nigsmasPaBkumμúynIsþ
énclnaExμr\sSr³. CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)aneTAsikSavKÁ
neya)ayenARbeTsevotNamGs;ry³eBl2qñaM eRkay
mkk¾køayeTACaemdwknaMmñak;énclnakumμúynisþsm¶at;enA
TIRkúgPñMeBj. CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca RtÚv)aneRCIstaMgCa
GnuelxabkSenAExkBaØa qñaM1960 ehIycenøaHqñaM1970
nig1975 CnCab;ecaTrUbenHmantYnaTICaGnubBa¢akareyaFa
Can;x<s; kgT½BRbCaCnénclnarMedaHCatikm<úCa nigCaRbFan
Epñkneya)ayrbs;kgT½Bbdivtþn_.
22¦¦ RRbbvvttþþiissaavvttaarrrrbbss;;CCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT eeGGoogg ssaarrII
CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI ehA {v:an;})ancab;epþImcUlrYm
skmμPaBneya)aykñúgTsvtSr_qñaM1940 enAxN³Edl
xøÜnCanisSiténviTüal½yRBHsIusuvtßi. enAqñaM1950 CnCab;
ecaTrUbenH)anbnþkarsikSaenATIRkúg)arIsRbeTs)araMg
ehIyxN³enaH eGog sarI )ankøayCasmaCikbkSkumμúynisþ
)araMgCamYy b:ul Bt nigCnCab;ecaT exov sMpn. enAqñaM
1957 CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI )anRtLb;mkRbeTskm<úCa
vij ehIy)ancUlrYmCamYyKNbkSbdivtþn_RbCaCnkm<úCa.
bnÞab;mkenAqñaM1960 CnCab;ecaTrUbenHRtÚv)anbkS
eRCIserIsCasmaCikKN³mCÄim nigCasmaCikeRtómén
KN³Gcié®nþy_ bnÞab;mkeTotenAqñaM1963 RtÚv)anbkS
eRCIserIsCasmaCikeBjsiT§iénKN³Gcié®nþy_rbs;bkS
kumμúynIsþkm<úCa ehIyenAqñaM1966 CnenHmantYnaTICaelxa
PUmiPaK|san. enAkñúgqñaM1970 CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI
)aneFVIdMeNIreTATIRkúghaNUy nigTIRkúgeb:kaMgedIm,Icg
sm<½n§PaBCamYybkSkumμúynisþcin. enAExFñÚ qñaM1970
CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)anerobcMeLIgvijnUv {viTüúsMeLgrNsirS
rYbrYmCatikm<úCa} EdlmanmUldæanenATIRkúghaNUy ehIy
dak;[sßitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgedayCnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§.
enAqñaM1971 CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI )antaMgmUldæanCa
Gcié®nþy_enATIRkúgeb:kaMgkñúgzan³CaebskCnBiessénGñk
ts‘UépÞkñ úgenAeb:kaMg ehIyCnenH)anRtLb;mkkm<úCaCa
Gcié®nþy_kñúgExemsa qñaM1975. kñúgfazan³CaebskCn
Biess CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)aneRbIR)as;menaseBa©tna
esñhaCatikñúgkarbMBak;bMb:n nigGUsTajRbCaCnkm<úCa[
cUlrYmCamYyraCrdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatikm<úCa.
33¦¦ RRbbvvttþþiissaavvttaarrrrbbss;;CCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT eexxoovv ssMMppnn
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn ehA{Ehm} CaskmμCnmñak;
kñ úgclnakumμúynIsþkm<úCa Edl)ancab;epþImcUlkñúgqak
neya)aycab;taMgBITsvtSr_qñaM50enARbeTs)araMgem:øH.
enAeBlRtLb;mkRbeTskm<úCavij CnenH)anbegáItkaEst
CaPasa)araMgEdlmaneQμaHfa {L’Observateur} ¬Gñk
4 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
eeGGoogg ssaarrII kkññúúggbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr ¬¬rrUUbbfftt ³³ GG>>vv>>tt>>kk¦¦
segátkarN_¦ edaymankarKaMRTnigpþl;fvikaedayskmμCn
kumμúynIsþénRbeTskm<úCa. CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn RtÚv)an
EtgtaMgCaGnuRbFanrNsirSrYbrYmCatikm<úCa nigCaGKÁ
embBa¢akarénkgT½BrMedaHRbCaCnkm<úCa ehIyenAEx]sPa
qñaM1970 CnenHRtÚv)anEtgtaMgeFVICa]bnaykrdæm®nþI nig
Cardæm®nþIkarBarCatirbs;rdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatikm<úCa. enAqñaM
1971 CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)ankøayCasmaCikebkçCnrbs;
KN³mCÄiménbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa ehIycenøaHExmkranig
emsa qñaM1975 CnenH)anGMBavnav[RbCaCnTIRkúgPñMeBj
eRkakeLIgts‘UrMedaHCatinig)anRbkasfa {rNsirSrYbrYmCati
km<úCa} nig {raCrdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatikm<úCa} Gacnwgkan;kab;
RkúgPñMeBjnaeBlqab;².
2¦ karsYredjedalCnCab;ecaT edImbNþwgrdæ
b,evNI nigsakIS BIsMNak;ecARkmnigPaKIenAkñúg
svnakar
enAkñúgrebobvr³énsvnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nig
BinitüPsþútag GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg)ankMNt;fa karsYr
edjedalRtÚvcab;epþImBIkarsaksYrCnCab;ecaT bnÞab;mk
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI sakIS nigGñkCMnaj eTAtamlMdab;
lMeday.
k¦ karsYredjedalCnCab;ecaT
enAmunkarcab;epþIménkic©dMeNIrkarnItiviFIénkarsYr
edjedalCnCab;ecaT elakRbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmH nil Nun
)anRbkasfa karsYredjedalnwgcab;epþImmuneKBIkarsak
sYrCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca bnÞab;mknwgbnþeTACnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI nigcugeRkay KWCnCab;ecaT exovsMpn.
11¦¦ CCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT nnYYnn CCaa
kkaarreeFFIIVVkkMMNNtt;;ssmmÁÁaall;;rrbbss;; nnYYnn CCaa
muneBlsYredjedalCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca GgÁCMnM u
CRmH)anGnuBaØat[CnCab;ecaTeFVIkarbgðajBICIvitts‘UEpñk
neya)ayrbs;xøÜnknøgmk. eRkayBITTYl)ankarGnuBaØati
CnCab; ecaT nYn Ca )ancMNayeBlevlaesÞIrEtTaMgRsug
edIm,IbgðajBITwkcitþesñhaCati karRsLaj;yutþiFm’ nigkar
lHbg;rbs;xøÜnsRmab;CatimatuPUmi. Cak;Esþg nYn Ca )an
elIkeLIgfa {kalenAv½ykumarPaB EdleBlenaHRbeTs
kMBugsßitenAeRkamGaNaniKm)araMg xøÜn)aneXIjRbCaCn
ExμrRtÚv)aneKcab;eFVI)ab nigdak;kñúgmnÞIrXMuXaMg Gñkman
CiHCan;nigekgRbv:aj;kmøaMgBlkmμGñkRk}. nYn Ca )anbEnßm
fa minRtwmEtRbeTskm<úCaeT sUm,IRbeTséfk¾dUcKñaEdr
KWGñkmanCiHCan;GñkRk CaBiessCnCaticinCiHCan;CnCati
éf. edayeXIjsPaBEbbenH xøÜn)anseRmccitþcUlrYm
CamYyGgÁkaryuvCnRbCaFibetyü nigbnÞab;mkcUlbkS
kumμúynIsþéfedIm,IRbqaMgnwgkarCiHCan; ehIyxøÜn)aneFVIskmμ
PaBmYycMnYnRbqaMgnwgGñkkan;GMNacmYycMnYnenARbeTséf.
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 5
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
eexxoovv ssMMppnn kkññúúggbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr ¬¬rrUUbbfftt ³³ GG>>vv>>tt>>kk¦¦ nnYYnn CCaa kkññúúggbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr ¬¬rrUUbbfftt ³³ GG>>vv>>tt>>kk¦¦
nYn Ca )anbnþeTotfa enAéf¶mYyxøÜn)anTTYldMNwgtamry³
sßanTUtéfEdlRbcaMkarenARbeTskm<úCafa RbCaCnExμrRtÚv
)anBYk)araMgcab;vaydMeFVI)ab. edaykþIGaNit nigRsLaj;
yutþiFm’ xøÜn)ansMukarGnuBaØatBIbkSkumμúynIsþéfedIm,ImkeFVI
skmμPaBts‘URbqaMgnwg)araMgenARbeTskm<úCa edayman
karKaMRTnwgpþl;CMnYyedaybkSkumμúynIsþéf nigbkSkumμúy
nIsþevotNam.
nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaminEmn
ekIteLIgBIkmøaMgenAkñúgRsukExμrTaMgRsugeT KWmankarrYmpSM
ecjBIGñkesñhaCatiEdlmkBIRbeTs)araMg ¬rYmman b:ul
Bt nig eGog sarI¦ bkSkumμúynIsþéf nigevotmij. Cn
Cab;ecaTrUbenH)anbnþfa evotNam)anRbmUlRbCaCn
ExμrRbmaN2000nak;ykeTAGb;rMenARbeTsevotNam
edIm,ITukGñkTaMgenaH[eFVICakmμaPi)alrbs;bkSkumμúynIsþ
km<úCa.
nYn Ca )aneFIVkarkt;smÁal;BIkarsmøab;RbCaCnExμrfa
KW {yYneTEdlsmøab;Exμr minEmnExμrsmøab;ExμrenaHeT}.
CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)anbBa¢ak;fa karsmøab;RbCaCn ExμrKWman
karbBa¢aecjmkBIhaNUyEdlsßitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKg
rbs;hUCImij ehIykalbriecäTéf¶TI7 Exmkra qñaM1979
KWCakalbriecäTEdlyYnvaykm<úCa edaysarEtkm<úCamin
suxcitþsßitenAeRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;yYn.
cceemmøøIIyyrrbbss;; nnYYnn CCaa eennAAGGMMLLúúggeeBBllssvvnnaakkaarr
RRbbvvttþþiibbkkSSkkuummμμúúyynnIIssþþkkmm<<úúCCaa
bnÞab;BIkarbBa©b;kareFI VkMNt;smÁal;rbs;CnCab;
ecaT nYn Ca GgÁCMnMuCRmH)ancab;epþImeFIVkarsYredjedal
CnCab;ecaTrUbenH edayelakRbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmH nil Nun
RbKl;evTikaCUnelakRsIecARkmGnþrCati sIulevo xatr:ayf_
edImI,saksYrCnCab;ecaTBIRbvtþirbs;bkSkumμúynisþkm<úCa
nigtYnaTIrbs;CnCab;ecaTenAmuneBlénrbbkm<úCaRbCaFib
etyü. eqøIytbnwgsMNYrrbs;elakRsIecARkm xatr:ayf_
CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anBüayambgðajBITwkcitþesñhaCati
rbs;bkSkumμúynisþkm<úCaTaMgmUlkñúgkarts‘UrMedaHRbeTs
CatiecjBIsßanPaBmYyEdlxøÜnKitfa CasgÁmmankarCiHCan;
edayvNѳskþiPUmi nigkMBugsßitenAeRkamkareRCótERCk
kan;kab;edayRbeTsevotNam. nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa
eRkayBIbkSkumμúynIsþ\NÐÚcin)anrlaybkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_
Exμr bkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_Lav nigbkSBlkrevotNamRtÚv
)anbegáIteLIg. EtbkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_Exμr nigbkSRbCaCn
bdivtþn_LavminmanÉkraCüBIevotNameLIy edaysarmaKa’
yuT§sa®sþ nigmaKa’yuT§viFIrbs;bkSTaMgBIrRtÚvGnuelamtam
bkSBlkrevotNam. CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anbEnßmeTot
fa ral;karGnuvtþ b¤seRmceFIVepSg²rbs;bkSRbCaCn
bdivtþn_Exμr KWRtÚv)ankarGnuBaØati b¤sarENnaMmkBIbkSBlkr
evotNam. dUcenHedIm,Ikat;bnßy\T§iBlrbs;evotNam
mkelIbkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_Exμr nYn Ca nig b:ul Bt )anTTYl
bnÞúkkñúgkarbegáIt {maKa’yuT§sa®sþ} nig {maKa’yuT§viFI} rbs;
bkSdac;edayELkmYy edaymankarsRmbsRmÜlBI TU
6 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
nnYYnn CCaa
samut EdlmannaTICaelxabkSnaeBlenaH. nYn Ca )an
bBa¢ak;fa evotNammankarmineBjcitþcMeBaHbkSRbCaCn
bdivtþn_Exμr Edl)anbegáItmaKa’yuT§sa®sþ nigmaKa’yuT§viFI
edaymin)ansYreyabl;rbs;xøÜneLIy. dUcenH evotNam
)ancat;taMgbuKÁlmYycMnYn[bnøMxø ÜnedIm,IbMpøicbMpøajmaKa’
rbs;bkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_Exμr. eTaHbICay:agenHkþI maKa’
yuT§sa®sþ nigmaKa’yuT§viFIrbs;xøÜn)anTTYlkarKaMRTBIRbeTs
cin ehIyRbeTscinEfmTaMg)anpþl;CMnYy[GnuvtþmaKa’TaMgBIr
enHeTotpg. CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anbBa¢ak;fa karN_Edl
bkSRbCaCnbdivtþn_ExμrbþÚreQμaHmkCabkSBlkrExμr KW
edaysarEtxøÜnmanbMNgkat;pþac;BI\T§iBlrbs;bkSBlkr
evotNam. eTaHbImankarpøas;bþÚreQμaHbkSkþI maKa’neya)ay
rbs;bkSminRtÚv)anpøas;bþÚreLIy.
kkaarrbbeeggááIIttmmaaKKaa’’nneeyyaa))aayyrrbbss;;bbkkSS
Bak;B½n§nwgkarbegáItmaKa’yuT§sa®sþ nigmaKa’yuT§viFI
rbs;bkS CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgy:aglm¥itfa kñúg
karerobcMnUvmaKa’yuT§sa®sþ nigmaKa’yuT§viFIenHKW b:ul Bt Ca
GñkTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkartamdansPaBkarN_enAtamTIRkúg cMENk
xøÜnCaGñkTTYlbnÞúkTak;TgCamYykmμaPi)alcas;BIsm½y
eRkaykic©RBmeRBógsnþiPaBTIRkúghSWENvqñaM1954. kñúg
karGnuvtþParkic©enH xøÜnTak;Tg)anPUmiPaKBay½Bü PUmiPaK
nirtI nig)at;dMbg cMENkÉ b:ul Bt Tak;Tg)ankmμaPi)al
PUmiPaKbUBa’KW eQμaH esa Pwm. eRkayBITak;Tg)ankmμaPi)al
TaMgenH nYn Ca )anesñI[esIubsYrBIsPaBkarN_enAtamCnbT
cMENkÉ b:ul Bt esIubsYrsPaBkarN_enATIRkúg. nYn Ca
yl;fa enACnbTPaKeRcIn 85PaKryCaksikrRkIRkEdl
RtÚv)anCiHCan;edayemPUmi emXMu b:UlIs Tah‘an nigGñkman
.l. rIÉ b:ul Bt kþab;)ansPaBkarN_fa manm®nþIraCkar
tUctacmYycMnYnEdlmanCIv³PaBxVHxat. nYn Ca )ansgát;
F¶n;fa ksikrRkIRk nigm®nþIraCkarEdlmanzan³tUctacTaMgenH
EdlnwgRtÚvemIleXIjkmøaMgEdlRtÚvTak;Taj ¬{enHeyIg
RtÚveXIjkmøaMg}¦. nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa munnwgeFVImaKa’
neya)ay bkS)aneFVIkarviPaKGMBIFatuBiténsgÁmkm<úCaenA
eBlenaH. bnÞab;BIsikSaGMBIsPaBkarN_enAeBlenaH bkS
BinitüeXIjfa sgÁmkm<úCaKWCasgÁmBak;kNþalGaNaniKm
nigBak;kNþalskþiPUmi. CnCab;ecaT)anbEnßmfa {sgÁm
km<úCaCasgÁmBak;kNþalGaNaniKm BIeRBaHvaenAmankEm¥l
GaNaniKmenAeLIy vaminTan;ÉkraCüsuT§saFenAeLIyeT}.
ehIyCasgÁmBak;kNþalskþiPUmi BIeRBaHvamanrbbnayTun
ehIyvaminEmnskþiPUmiTaMgduleT. dUcenHebIFatuBiténsgÁm
km<úCa CasgÁmBak;kNþalGaNaniKmBak;kNþalskþiPUmi
eyIgRtÚveFVIbdivtþn_CatiRbCaFibetyü}. nYn Ca )anbBa¢ak;
fa FatuBitrbs;bdivtþn_km<úCaenAeBlenaHKWCa {bdivtþn_
RbCaCatiRbCaFibetyü}. Bakü {bdivtþn_RbCaCati} man
n½yfa KWkm©at;\T§iBlrbs;GaNaniKm Bak;kNþalGaNaniKm
cMENkÉBakü {RbCaFibetyü} KWkm©at;\T§iBlrbs;BYk
skþiPUmim©as;dI. dUcenHsRtÚvrbs;bdivtþn_RbCaCatiRbCaFib
etyüKW {kEm¥lbreTs EdlenAeRbIGMNacGaCJamkelI
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 7
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
¬¬RRbbPPBB ³³ bbNNÑÑssaarrmmCCÄÄmmNNÐÐllÉÉkkssaarrkkmm<<úúCCaa¦¦
RbCaCnExμr enHKWCasRtÚvEdlRtÚvduHlag. ÉBak;kNþal
skþiPUmiKWTamTar[ksikrts‘UbnßyQñÜlERs karR)ak; bul
bNþak;}. nYn Ca )anbBa¢ak;fa {dUcenHminEmnykmnusSCa
sRtÚveT´sUmCRmab KWykkarRbRBwtþrbs;eKCasRtÚv}.
{etInrNaCakmøaMgbdivtþn_?} nYn Ca )anbkRsayfa ³
{eBlenaHKWksikrRk ksikrkNþalfñak;eRkam
eRkamsm<½n§PaBrbs;kmμkr ksikr CakmøaMg
bdivtþn_rbs;bdivtþn_RbCaCatiRbCaFibetyü
´sUmCRmab;[c,as; ÉeRkABIenHKWGñkEdlman
sμartIesñhaCati sμartIRbCaFibetyük¾eyIg
RtÚvRbmUlEdr eyIgminbdiesFGñkNaeT dUcCa
ksikrkNþal b¤ksikrman eTaHbICaFøab;man
karCiHCan;xagbulbNþak;xøH k¾eyIgmincat;Tuk
CasRtÚvEdr RtÚvRbmUlkmøaMgGs;enHmkcUl
kñúgbdivtþn_RbCaCatiRbCaFibetyü.}
nYn Ca )anbEnßmfa enAkñúgkarksagkmøaMgbdivtþn_
bkS)anbegáItmaKa’yuT§viFI EdlCaTUeTAehAfa {maKa’rN³sirS
rYbrYmCati} edayrN³sirSrYmrYbrYmCatienH eFVIkarRbmUl
kmøaMgRKb;CnCatiTaMgGs;EdlmansμartICati sμartIesñha
RbCaCn minerIseGIgBIGtItkalminfaCnCatiPaKtic minfa
CnCatiPaKeRcIncUlmkrYbrYmKñaCakmøaMgmhasamKÁICati
edIm,Its‘Ukm©at;rbbBak;kNþalGaNaniKm Bak;kNþal
skþiPUmi. cMENkviFIsa®sþénkareFVIbdivtþn_ KWcab;epþImeFVIBI
cugkat;mat;jk raldaleTATIRbCMuCn eTAtamTIrYmRsuk
KWeRbóbdUcCadMNk;eRbg EdlkalenaHxøÜn)aneRbIBaküfa
{eFVIbdivtþn_rebobdMNk;eRbg} ehIyeFVIkarts‘UedayRsb
c,ab; Bak;kNþalRsbc,ab; minRsbc,ab; ts‘UTaMgneya)ay
ts‘UTaMgesdækic© ts‘UTaMgvb,Fm’ ehIyebIcaM)ac;RtÚvts‘UTaMg
GavuFnigneya)ayrYmpSMKña. CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)anelIk
eLIgBak;B½n§nwgBaküesøakkñúgkareFIVbdivtþn_ nYn Ca niyayfa
{edIm,IseRmcbdivtþn_RbCaCatiRbCaFibetyü ts‘UyUrGEgVg
lM)akevTna xøÜnTIBwgxøÜn xøÜnseRmcvasnCatixøÜnedayxøÜnÉg
ebIcaM)ac;k¾eyIgmankarTak;TgCamYymitþRbeTsCamitþEdl
esñhasnþiPaB esñhayutþiFm’pgEdr ehIykarts‘UenHedIm,I
karBarCati bUrNPaBEdndIénRbeTseyIgGaenHBaküesøak}.
nYn Ca )anbBa¢ak;fa eRkayBIbkSmanmaKa’yuT§sa®sþ
nigmaKa’yuT§viFI clnabdivtþn_k¾ecHEtmankarrIkceRmInCa
lMdab;rhUtdl;vayQñHrbbln; nl; qñaM1975.
kkaarrccUUllrrYYmmkkññúúggccllnnaabbddiivvttþþnn__
bnÞab;B IRtLb;mkBIRbeTséfkñ úgqña M1951vij
CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )ancUlrYmy:agskmμkñúgclnabdivtþn_
enAkm<úCa. eRkayeBlmkdl;RbeTskm<úCaPøam nYn Ca
)ancab;epþImeFVIskmμPaBbHe)arRbCaCn[RbqaMgnwgkar
CiHCan;rbs;)araMgtamry³karsresrGtßbTkaEstmYy
cMnYn.skmμPaBTaMgenHRtÚv)anKaMRT nigpþl;CMnYyedaybkS
kumμúynIsþéf nigbkSkumμúynIsþevotNam. bnÞab;mkenAqñaM
1953 nYn Ca )aneTATTYlvKÁbNþúHbNþalEpñkneya)ay
enARbeTsevotNamcMnYnBIrqñaM. vKÁsikSaenAeBlenaHepþat
CasMxan;eTAelI {karRbyuT§RbqaMgnwgEpñkstiGarmμN_}.
eRkayBIeroncb;enAevotNam nYn Ca )anRtLb;mkRbeTs
km<úCavij ehIy)ancUlrYmCamYy b:ul Bt edIm,ICYykic©kar
rbs; TU samut. eRkayBI TU samut ENnaM[begáItmaKa’
neya)ayrbs;bkS nYn Ca nig b:ul Bt mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;
kñúgkarRbmUlksagkmøaMg nigbMpusbMpulRbCaCn[cUlrYm
eFVIbdivtþn_. bEnßmelIenH enAeBlEdl b:ul Bt nig eGog
sarI eTAtaMgTIsñak;karenARBMEdnevotNam eRkayBImankar
RbkasBIbuKÁleqVgniymcMnYn34nak; CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca
KWCabuKÁlsMxan;mñak;EdlmannaTItamdansPaBkarN_enA
TIRkúgPMñeBj ehIyraykarN_eTA b:ul Bt. tYnaTIsMxan;mYy
eTotrbs;CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca KWkarGb;rMneya)ayrbs;bkS
eTAdl;kmμaPi)alfñak;eRkam. nYn Ca niyayfa xøÜnmantYnaTI
sMxan;kñ úgkarGb;rMneya)aydl;kmμaPi)alfñak;eRkam²
edayEp¥kelITsSnavdþITg;bdivtþn_ nigÉksarmYycMnYneTot
dUcCaÉksarelakTsSn³ sgÁmTsSn³ ÉksarsþIBIkar
8 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
EbgEckvNѳkñúgsgÁmEdlxøÜn)anGnuvtþtaMgBImunrbbkm<úCa
RbCaFibetyümkem:øH.
Bak;B½n§nwgkarCemøósRbCaCnecjBIRkúgPñMeBjéf¶TI
17 Exemsa qñaM1975 CnCab; ecaT nYn Ca )anbBa¢ak;fa
enABak;kNþalqñaM1974 mankic©RbCMuKN³Gcié®nþy_ nig
KN³mCÄimmineBjGgÁmYyedIm,IeFVIkarseRmcbBaðaCemøós
enH. enAkñúgkic©RbCMuenaHminmanvtþmanCnCab;ecaT exov
sMpn nig eGog sarI. eRBaHeBlenaH eGog sarI kMBugsßit
enAÉbreTs. cMENkÉ exov sMpn minTan;mansiT§iseRmc
kñúgkarCemøósRbCaCneLIy edaysareBlenaH CnCab;
ecaTenHminTan;køayCasmaCikrbs;KN³mCÄimb¤rbs;KN³
Gcié®nþy_eLIy. CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anbEnßmfa eRkay
BIkarbBa©b;kic©RbCM usþ IBIkarCemøósRbCaCnecjBITIRkúg
PñMeBj esckþIseRmcenHRtÚv)anpSBVpSayeTAtamPUmiPaK
nImYy². CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa sßanPaB
rs;enATIRkúgPñMeBjenAeBlenaHmankarlM)akevTna RbCaCn
mYycMnYnFMhUbminRKb;RKan; ehIymanmYycMnYneTot)ansøab;
edaysarGt;GaharbriePaK. dUcenHkarCemøóseTAtam
CnbT KWCakarl¥eRBaHenA TIenaHRbCaCnmanCIv³PaBRKan;ebI
ehIyEfmTaMgmandIsRmab;eFVIksikmμeTotpg. ehIymü:ag
vijeTotk¾edIm,ItamdansPaBkarN_nigbeBa¢óskarsmøab;
RbCaCn EdleBlenaHevotNammanbMNgvaycUlTIRkúg
PñMeBj.
CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa enAeBlCemøós
RbCaCnecjBITIRkúgPñMeBj xøÜn)anR)ab;dl;kmμaPi)alfñak;
eRkam²fa RbCaCnEdlFøab;rs;enATIRkúgPñMeBj[eFVIkar
tictYc)an ehIyeRBaHBYkeKminFøab;eFVIkarF¶n;² ehIy[hUb
mYyéf¶bIeBl rYmTaMg[bEg¥mhUb1dgkñúgmYys)aþh_eTot
pg bEnßmelIenHxøÜnEfmTaMg)anGb;rMdl;GñkenAmUldæanmin[
mankarerIseGIgeTAelIRbCaCnfμIeLIy.pÞúyeTAvijCnCab;
ecaT nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaKW CabkS
esñhaCati lHbg;GVI²edIm,ICati ehIyminEdlsmøab;RbCaCn
ExμreLIy GñkEdlsmøab;RbCaCn nigeFVI)abRbCaCn KWGñkman
smasPaBminl¥enAkñ úgshkrN_EdleFVIskmμPaBedIm,I
bMpøajbdivtþn_.
kkaarrRRbbCCMMuuCCeemmøøóóssRRbbCCaaCCnn
Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkarCemøósRbCaCnecjBITIRkúg TIRbCMuCn
epSg² CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa enAeBlkgT½B
bdivtþn_vaycUlkan;kab;)anTIRkúg b¤TIRbCMuCnNamYy RbCaCn
Edlrs;enATIRkúg b¤TIRbCMuCnenaHxøHRtÚv)anCemøós ehIyxøH
eTotminRtÚv)anCemøós KWGaRs½yeTAelIsßanPaBksikmμ
GMeNaypl. esckþIseRmckñúgkarCemøósenHecjmkBI
KN³PUmiPaKéntMbn;enaH EdlKN³PUmiPaKenaH)anTTYl
GMNacenHBI KN³mCÄim nigKN³Gcié®nþy_.
enAkñúgkarsYredjedalBIkarbegáItkgT½Bbdivtþn_km<úCa
GgÁCMnMuCRmH)anepþatCasMxan;eTAelITMnak;TMngrvagkarbegáIt
{kgkmøaMgBiess} EdlRtÚv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IkarBar
snþisux[kmμaPi)alExμrRkhm nigkarbþÚreQμaHrbs;kgkmøaMg
enHmkCa{kgTB½bdivtþn_km<úCa}. eqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaenH
nYn Ca )anelIkeLIgfa BYkkan;GMNacRbtikiriya ln; nl;
)ancab;RbCaCn nigkmμaPi)alExμrRkhmdak;KukedayKμan
ehtupl EdlkareFVIdUcenHGacnwgeFVI[bdivtþn_rlay. dUecñH
RtÚvmankgkmøaMgBiessedIm,IkarBarsuvtþiPaB[kmμaPi)al
ExμrRkhmenAeBlBYkeKedIreFVIkar eRBaHxøackgT½Brbs; ln;
nl; cab;kmμaPi)alTaMgenaH. kgkmøaMgBiessenHRtÚv)an
eRCIserIsecjBIkUnksikr ehIyedayeRbIGavuFdUcCakaMbiT
BUefA dMbg.l. edIm,IttaMgenAeBlmankarcab;kmμaPi)al
ExμrRkhm ehIykgkmøaMgTaMgenHk¾manParkic©EsVgrkKijpg
EdrenAeBlEdlmankarRbCMurbs;BYkkmμaPi)alExμrRkhm.
kkaarrbbeeggááIIttkkggTT½½BBbbddiivvttþþnn__kkmm<<úúCCaa
Bak;B½n§eTAnwgkarbegáItkgT½Bbdivtþn_ CnCab;ecaT nYn
Ca )anbBa¢ak;fa bkS)ankMNt;ykéf¶TI12 Exmkra qñaM
1968 KWCakalbriecäTénkarbegáItkgT½Bbdivtþn_. eRkay
BIclnae)aHe)arenAsMLÚt kgTB½rbs;ln; nl; )aneTAb®gáab
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 9
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
y:agsahaveXareXA. edaykarP½yxøacnUvkarb®gáabenH
RbCaCnenAsMLÚt)anrt;eTArs;enAtaméRBPñM ehIybnÞab;mk
GñkTaMgenaHmanKñaRbEhl7nak; )annaMKñaeTAvayRbharelI
b:usþ×b:UlIsenA)aydMraM ehIy)anrwbGUsykGavuF)anmYy
cMnYn. bnÞab;BIkarvayenA)aydMraMenH kgkmøaMgTaMgenaH)an
bnþvayCabnþbnÞab;eTAelIkgTB½rbs; ln; nl; rhUteTAdl;
17extþ.
enAGMLúgeBlénkarsaksYredjedalenHmankarkt;
smÁal;eXIjfa CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anBüayameqøIytb
esÞIrRKb;sMNYrEdlecARkmecaTsYrmkelIxøÜn edayerobrab;
)any:agek,aHk,ayBIRbvtiþskmμPaBts‘Urbs;xøÜn. enA
eBlmankarsaksYredjedalBIsMNak;shRBHraCGaCJa
EdlCaGñkecaTRbkan;dak;bnÞúkmkelIxøÜn CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca
PaKeRcIn)anbdiesF b¤GHGagfa xøÜnminyl;GMBIGIVEdl
shRBHraCGaCJacg;sYrmkelIxøÜneLIy. minRtwmEtb:ueNÑaH
CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca )anBüayambdiesFmþgehIymþgeTot
eTAelIPsþútagEdlshRBHraCGaCJa)anbgðajenAGMLúg
eBlsvnakar.
22¦ CCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT eeGGoogg ssaarrII
eRkayBIkarsYredjedalCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca GMBI
Rbvtþirbs;bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa nigRbvtþisavtarrbs;Cn
Cab;ecaTrUbenH elakecARkm nil Nun )anbnþsYrCnCab;
ecaT eGog sarI edayepþatEteTAelIeQμaH nigRbvtþirUbrbs;
CnCab;ecaTrUbenHEtb:ueNÑaH. edayELk sMNYrepSg²
Bak;B½n§eTAnwgGgÁehtuEdl)anecaTRbkan;enAkñúgdIkadMeNaH
Rsay CnCab; ecaT eGog sarI )anrkSasiT§imineFVIkareqøIy
tb. enAeBlelakecARkm nil Nun esñI[CnCab;ecaT
erobrab;BIRbvtþisikSarbs;xøÜnemFavIrbs;CnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI KWelak ém:xl xaNav:as; )aneFVIkarCMTas;edaymin[
kUnkþIrbs;xøÜneqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrrbs;elakRbFanGgÁCMnMu
CRmH edayemFavI)anelIkeLIgfa enAExtula qñaM2011
kUnkþIrbs;xøÜn)andak;BaküesñIsMumYyeTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHsala
dMbUg edaysMurkSasiT§ ienAes¶ómmineqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYr
TaMgLayEdlecaTsYredayPaKIrYcehIy. emFavI)anbBa¢ak;
fa ecARkmGacsYrsMNYrTUeTAEdlBak;B½n§nwgkarkMNt;Gtþ
sBaØaNrbs;kUnkþIrbs;xøÜnEtb:ueNÑaH. elakemFavI xaNav:as;
k¾)aneFVIsMeNIeTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHGnuBaØat[kUnkþIrbs;xøÜnGannUv
esckþIEføgkarN_sþIBIkar{rkSasiT§ienAes¶ómmineqøIytb}enA
kñúgsvnakarCasaFarN³ edIm,IeCosvagkarsMNYrNamYy
mkelIkUnkþIrbs;xøÜnbnþeTot edayGHGagfa karrkSasiTi§min
eFIVskçIkmμ b¤mineqøIynwgsMNYrrbs;PaKIenaH KWCasiT§iEdl
RtÚv)anFanaedayrdæFmμnuBaØrbs;RbeTskm<úCa. eyageTA
elIsMeNIenH GgÁCMnMuCRmH)anseRmc[CnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI GanesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;xøÜnsþIBIeKalCMhrkñúgkarmin
eqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrenAeBlsvnakar. CnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI )anEføgfa ³
{´)aTsUmeRbIR)as;siT§irbs;´kñúgrdæFmμnuBaØ
edayrkSasiT§ienAes¶ómmineqøIytbnwgsMNYr
TaMgLaynaeBlenH. siT§ienHmanEcgkñúgmaRta
31 nig38 énrdæFmμnuBaØénRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa. ´)aTmanbMNgeRbIR)as;siT§ienHenA
kñúgkarCMnMuCRmHTaMgmUl ehIyminmanbMNg
eqøIytbnwgsMNYrNamYyeLIy}.
cb;esckþIEføgkarN_enHPøam elakemFavI xaNav:as;
)anegIbQr nigbBa¢ak;bEnßmCUneTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHfa kUnkþIrbs;
xøÜnnwgeRbIsiT§ienHedaymineqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrNamYyenA
RKb;dMNak;kalénnItiviFITaMgGs; rYmTaMgcMNucTaMgLayEdl
)anecaTRbkan;enAkñúgdIkabBa¢ÚnerOgeTACMnMuCRmHpgEdr.
33¦¦ CCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT eexxoovv ssMMppnn
eexxoovv ssMMppnn eessññIIssMMuueeFFIIVVeesscckkþþIIEEfføøggkkaarrNN__nniiggbbddiieessFF
mmiinneeqqøøIIyyssMMNNYYrrrrbbss;;PPaaKKII
eRkayeBlCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI )aneRbIR)as;siTi§
mineFIVskçIkmμenAkñúgsvnakar GgÁCMnMuCRmH)anepþImbnþnItiviFI
rbs;xøÜn edayeFIVkarecaTsYreTAelICnCab;ecaT exov sMpn.
10 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
muneBlénkarcab;epþImsMNYr emFavIkarBarkþIGnþrCatirbs;
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn EdleTIbnwgTTYlsÁal;edayGgÁCMnMu
CRmHkalBIéf¶TI21 Exvicäka qñaM2011 knøgmk KWelak
GakTYr EvkEKn (Arthur Vercken) )anegIbQr nigbBa¢ak;eTA
GgÁCMnMuCRmHGMBIeKalbMNgrbs;kUnkþIrbs;xøÜnfa kUnkþIrbs;
xøÜnnwgeqøIytbRtwmEtsMNYrTaMgLayEdlecaTRbkan;mk
elIxøÜnenAkñúgdIkadMeNaHRsayEdl)anGanedayRkLabBa¢I
kalBIéf¶TI5 ExFñÚ qñaM2011 knøgmkEtb:ueNÑaH. karsYr
edjedaleTAelICnCab;ecaT exov sMpn cab;epþImeday
RbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmHelakecARkm nil Nun edayepþateTAelI
RbvtþirUb nigRbvitþsikSarbs;CnCab;ecaTrUbenH. CnCab;
ecaT exov sMpn )anCRmabeTAtulakarfa eRkABIeQμaH exov
sMpn xøÜnmaneQμaHbdivdþmYyeTotfa Ehm ehIyminEdl
maneQμaH xag dUcCakarelIkeLIgrbs;CnCab;ecaT Duc
eLIy. eTaHCay:agNak¾eday exovsMpn )anTTYlsÁal;fa
xøÜnFøab;)aneRbIeQμaH Nn enAeBlEdlxøÜnrs;enA PUmiPaKnirtI.
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbBa¢ak;CUneTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHfa xøÜn
ekItenAéf¶TI27 Exkkáda qñaM1931 enAXMurMeck RsukrMdYl
extþsVayerog. man«BukeQμaH exov Lúg nigmanmþayeQμaH
lI Kg; ehIymanbgb¥ÚnTaMgGs;12nak; nigmanRbBn§eQμaH
sU suCati man kUn4nak;. kalenAv½yekμgxøÜn)ansikSaenA
bzmsikSa nigGnuviTüal½yenAkñúgextþkMBg;cam nigbnÞab;mk
xøÜn)anpøas;mkeronenATIRkúgPñMeBjenAviTüal½yRBHsIusuvtßi.
enAcenøaHqñaM1951 nigqñaM1953 xøøÜn)aneFIVCaRKÚbeRgón
edImI,pÁt;pÁg;CIvPaB nigsikSaEpñkc,ab;enAÉTIRkúgPñMeBjrhUt
dl;TTYl)anGaharUbkrN_eTAsikSaenAÉRbeTs)araMgenAqñaM
1953 nigRtLb;mkkm<úCavijenAqñaM1958. enAeRkay
karsYredjedalBIRbvtþirUb nigRbvtþisikSaBIsMNak;elak
RbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmH CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anesñIsMueTAGgÁ
CMnMuCRmHedImI,GanesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;xøÜnEdl)aneRtóm
TukrYcCaeRsc nigbBa¢ak; CUneTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHfa xøÜnnwgmin
eFIVkareqøIytbnwgsMNYrTaMgLayEdlecaTsYredayKUPaKI
mkelIxøÜneLIy rhUtdl;eBlEdlshRBHraCGaCJabgðaj
PsþútagEdlecaTRbkan;RbqaMgnwgxøÜn. b:uEnþmunnwgGnuBaØat
[CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn GanesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;xøÜn
RbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmHKWelakecARkm nil Nun )anGanbTecaT
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 11
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
eeGGoogg ssaarrII
ssYYgg ssuuIIeeKKOOnn
eexxoovv ssMMppnn
Rbkan;TaMgLay nigbgðajBIsiTi§EdlCnCab;ecaTmaneTAdl;
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn. bnÞab;mkGgÁCMnMuCRmHk¾)anGnuBaØat
[CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn cab;epþImeFIVesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;
xøÜnEdleRbIR)as;ry³eBlRbmaNCag1em:ag nig30naTI.
enAkñúgesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;xøÜn CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn
)anBüayameFIVkareqøIytbeTAtamlMdab;lMedaycMeBaHral;
cMNucTaMgLayEdlRkLabBa¢I)anGanecjBIdIkadMeNaHRsay
enARtg;kfaxNÐTI1126 kfaxNÐTI1128-1129 nig
kfaxNÐTI1598-1600EdlecaT Rbkan;RbqaMgnwgxøÜn.
enAkñúgesckþIEføgkarN_enaH CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )an
erobrab;y:aglm¥itBIskmμPaBsMxan;²rbs;xø ÜnBIrvagqñaM
1953rhUtdl;qñaM1975 edayEbgEckeTAtamlMdab;én
RBwtþikarN_nImYy² Edlcab;epþImGtßaFib,ayBIry³kal
EdlxøÜneronenARbeTs)araMg mUlehtuEdlnaM[xøÜnrt;cUl
kñúgéRBenAqñaM1967 skmμPaBeRkaykarpÞúHrdæRbharqñaM
1970 nigtYnaTIenAkñúgbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa.
sskkmmμμPPaaBBGGMMLLúúggeeBBlleerroonneennAARRbbeeTTss))aarraaMMgg nniiggeeRRkkaayy
eeBBllRRttLLbb;;mmkkvviijj
eqøIytbnwgkarecaTRbkan;mkelIxøÜnEdlmanenAkñúg
kfaxNÐ 1126 nig1159 éndIkadMeNaHRsayTak;Tgnwg
skmμPaBenAeBlEdleronenARsuk)araMg CnCab;ecaT exov
sMpn )anelIkeLIgfa eBlEdlxøÜnenARbeTs)araMgxøÜnmin
Edl)anCYbnwg b:ul Bt eT KWCYbEt eGog sarI b:ueNÑaH.
enATIenaH exov sMpn )anCYbnwgmitþPkþicas;rbs;xøÜnmñak;Edl
Føab;eronCamYyKñaenAviTüal½yRBHsuIsuvtßi eQμaH »k suKn§
)anesñI[xøÜncUlrYmkñúgclna m:aksIus b:uEnþxøÜn)aneqøIytb
eTAvijfa xøÜnRKan;Etcg;)anÉkraCüb:ueNÑaH ehIyxøÜnminsÁal;
m:aksIusGVIeT. eBlenaHelak »k suKn§ )anR)ab;xøÜnfa
m:aksIusenHehIyEdlGacnaMeTArkÉkraCüsRmab;RbeTs
km<úCa. CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbnþfa eRkaymkxøÜnk¾
)ancUlrYmBinitüGegátenAkñúgclnaenHedImI,kMu[eKfaxøÜnCa
mnusSkMsak. EtedaysarsßanPaBneya)aytwgEtgenA
eBlenaH xøÜnk¾)anseRmccitþpøas;eTATIRkúgm:ugeb:lIey: enA
TIRkúgm:ugeb:lIey:enHehIyEdlxøÜn)ansikSaCMnajEpñkc,ab;
nigBaNiC¢kmμ RsbeBlCamYyKñaenaHCnCab;ecaTrUbenHk¾
)ancUlrYmRbCMuCamYynwgrgVg;m:aksIusenATIenaH. CnCab;
ecaT exov sMpn )anbBa¢ak;fa bIqñaMeRkaymkxøÜnk¾)anpøas;
mkTIRkúg)a:rIsvij edImI,erobcMeFIVniekçbbTfñak;bNÐitrbs;
12 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
xøÜnxagviTüasa®sþesdækic©. enATIenaHehIyEdlxøÜn)ancUlrYm
RbCMuCaeTogTat;CamYynwgvg;m:aksIus. eRkaykarRtLb;
cUlRbeTsvijrbs; eGog sarI CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn
)anTTYlParkic©bnþBI eGog sarI kñúgkarCYybMpusclna
esñhaCatienAkñúgrgVg;BYkm:aksIus enATIRkúg):arIsenaH.
CnCab;ecaT exovsMpn)anGHGagfa enAeBlEdlxøÜn
emIleXIjsemþc sIhnu )anbdiesFkarRbkasCaÉketa
PaKIBIsMNak;GgÁkaresGatU dak;RbeTskm<úCa[sißtenA
eRkammøb;rbs;GgÁkarenH ehIyBüayamy:agGg;Gackñúgkar
Tak;TgEpñkkarTUtCamYyRkúmRbeTsEdlRbkan;ykrbb
sgÁmniym eFIV[xøÜnsgÇwmfa km<úCanwgGaceFIVkMENTRmg;
esdækic© nigsgÁmrbs;xøÜnedImI,TTYlRbB½n§esdækic©ÉkraCü
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 13
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
eexxoovv ssMMppnn
mYyrbs;xøÜn dUcEdlRbeTsCb:unFøab;)aneFIV. dUecñHehIy
eTIbxøÜnseRmceRCIserIsykRbFanbT {bBaðaén]sSahUb
nIykmμkm<úCa} edImI,eFIVCaniekçbbTrbs;xøÜn edayeCOfa[Et
manviFankarsmRsb nayTunCatimYynwgGacrIklUtlas;
)an. enAkñúgniekçbbTenaH CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anecaT
CasMNYrsMxan;mYyfa {ehtuGVI)anCaehdæarcnasm<½n§esdækic©
enAeBlenaHminGac[mankarGPivDÆn_RbeTskm<úCa?} enaH
KWedaysarEtTMnij]sSahkmμrbs;)araMgmkRbkYtRbECg
CamYysib,kmμExμr EdlCaehtueFIV[esdækic©km<úCakøayCa
esdækic©ksikmμGn;fyeTAvij. enAkñúgenaHCnCab;ecaT exov
sMpn )anelIkeLIgnUvRTwsþIrbs;esdæviTUCnCati eGkUs mñak;
eQμaH Gadam sμIt EdlfardæRtÚvEtkan;kab;BaNiC¢kmμeRkA
RbeTs edImI,eFIVCa]bkrN_sRmab;CYydl;karrIklUtlas;
énsib,kmμ ehIytRmg;kmøaMgkargareTAxagBaNiC¢kmμ.
CnCab;ecaT exovsMpn )anbBa¢ak;fa enAkñúgniekçbbTrbs;xøÜn
xøÜnminEdlKaMRT[mankarlubbM)at;kareRbIR)as;luy lub
bM)at;kmμsiTi§ÉkCn b¤lubbM)at;TIRkúgenaHeT. enAGMLúg
eBlrs;enARbeTs)araMg exov sMpn )ancUlrYmbkSkumμúynIsþ
)araMgenAqñaM1955 nigcUlrYmenAkñúgkareFIV)atukmμRbqaMg
nwgs®gÁamenAevotNam nigs®gÁamenARbeTsGal;ehSrI
edayKitfa karts‘Urbs;RbCaCnEdlrs;enAeRkamnwmGaNa
niKmniym nigeFIV[GaNaniKmniymcuHexSay EdlGaceFIV[
RbeTskm<úCaqab;TTYl)anÉkraCüqab;rh½s. CnCab;ecaT
exov sMpn )anBüayamGHGagfa karTTYl)anÉkraCürbs;
RbeTskm<úCaBIsMNak;RbeTs)araMg minEmnedaysarRBHraC
bUCnIykic©rbs;RBH)aTsemþc neratþm sIhnu eT b:uEnþKW
edaysarEtkarts‘Urbs;RbCaCnevotNam nigC½yCmñH
rbs;evotNamenAsmrPUmi eDonebonPU eTAvijeT. CnCab;
ecaT exovsMpn)anelIkeLIgfasaxabkSkumμúynIsþrbs;xøÜn
KWxusKñaBIsaxabkSkumμúynIsþrbs; b:ul Bt eGog sarI nig rdæ
saemOn EdlCasaxabkSkmμkr rIÉsaxabkSrbs;xøÜnenA
tammhaviTüal½y. eRkaymkxøÜnk¾)anseRmccitþQb;
cUlrYmRbCMuCamYynwgbkSkumμúynIsþenaH edaysarEteK
elIkeLIgEtBIbBaðarbs;)araMg. eRkayeBlRtLb;mk
RbeTskm<úCavijenAqñaM1958 Cn Cab;ecaT exov sMpn
)anGHGagfa xøÜnminEdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYybkSkumμúynIsþ
km<úCaeLIy eRBaHkarTak;TgCamYynwgbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa
enaHGacnwgeFIV[xøÜnmaneRKaHfñak; edaysarman Kijtamdan
xøÜnCanic© sUmI,enAeBlEdlxøÜneFIVCatMNagra®sþ nigCardæ
elxaRksYgBaNiC¢kmμ. Tak;TgnwgkarkfaxNÐ1127 én
dIkadMeNaHRsayEdlelIkeLIgfa kaEstEdlCnCab;ecaT
exov sMpn )anecjpSayCakaEstEdl]btßmedayBYk
kumμúynIsþenaH RtÚv)anCnCab;ecaT exov sMpn GtßaFib,ay
faGñkEdl]btßmkaEstrbs;xø ÜnPaKeRcInminEmnCaGñk
kumμúynIsþeT eTaHbICamanGñkkumμúynIsþxøHk¾eday eRBaHBYkeK
CatMNagra®sþénsPaCati dUcCah‘Uyn;hU‘ nwmG‘uc Evn nigsU
En CaedIm. CnCab;ecaT exovsMpn )anrMB£kfa enAeBlRtLb;
mkRbeTskm<úCavij h‘U nwm nig h‘U yn; EdlCamitþPkþieron
CamYyKñaenAÉRbeTs)araMg )anesñI[xøÜnecjkaEstmYy
edImI,bgðajBIsMeLgrbs;yuT§Cn kaEstenaHe)aHBum<Ca
Pasa)araMg KWkaEstGubesva:T½r (L’Observateur).kaEst
enHecjpSaykñúgeKalbMNgKaMRTdl;clnaGBüaRkwtürbs;
semþc sIhnu nigsgwÇmfaGaceFIV[mankarcuHfyKmøat
CIvPaBRbCaCn)anxøHeRBaHkaEstenHe)aHBum<eLIgsMedA
sRmab;GñkdwknaMRbeTsGan edaysarGñkdwknaMenAeBlenaH
cUlcitþGankaEstCaPasa)araMg rIÉRbCaCnsamBaØminsUv
manGñkGankaEstenaHeLIy. CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )an
bgðajBIkartieToneTAdl;semþc neratþmsIhnu enAkñúgesckþI
EføgkarN_rbs;xøÜn enAeBlEdlCnCab;ecaTrUbenHniyay
dl;karecaTRbkan;kaEstrbs;xøÜnfaCa kaEstRkhm b¤
kaEstkumμúynIsþ. exov sMpn GHGagfa Baküfa kaEst
RkhmenHKWecjmkGMBIsemþc sIhnu cab;epþImmankarP½y
RBÜyBIKMnitÉkraCürbs;xøÜn. manéf¶mYyenaH xøÜnRtÚv)an
ekaHehAeTAsYrcemøIyenARksYgb:UlIsBiess enAeBlEdl
14 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
kaEstcab;epþImdMeNIrkar edayrdæm®nIþRksYgmhaépÞeQμaH
KU ruN )ansaksYrxøÜnedaypÞal;. exov sMpn )anbBa¢ak;fa
enAeRkayeBlEdlxøÜnRtÚv)aneKedaHElg[RtLb;eTAvij
xøÜn)ansresrral;sMNYrTaMgLay Edl KU ruNsYrmkxøÜn nig
cemøIyTaMgLayEdlxøÜn)aneqøIyTaMgGs;edImI,TukcuHpSay
enAkñúgGtßbTkaEstrbs;xøÜnenAeBlEdlxøÜnRtLb;eTAvij.
CnCabe;caT exovsMpn )anbBa¢ak;fa xøÜncg;bgðajeTAtulakar
nUvsMNYrcMnYnBIrEdlrdæm®nþIRksYgmhaépÞeQμaH KU ruN enaH
)ansYrmkkan;xøÜnenAGMLúgeBlénkarsaksYrenaH. CnCab;
ecaT exov sMpn )anerobrab;fa sMNYrTImYyEdl KU ruN
)ansYrxøÜnKWfa {etIehtuGVIk¾GñkÉgs¥b;RBHbrmraCvaMgxøaMg
emø:H?} rIÉsMNYrTI2KWfa {ehtuGIVk¾GñkÉgminRBmeFIVkarraCkar
eRkayeBleroncb; EbrCaeFIVkaEsteTAvij? etIGñkÉgcg;
eFIVesþcb¤? ebIcg;eFIVesþcRby½tñedkenAkñúgmugeQI. Cn
Cab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbnþeTotfa ry³eBlbIExeRkayBI
karsYrcemøIyrbs;elakrdæm®nþI KU ruN manmnusSmYyRkúm
)ancab;vayeFIV)ab nigcab;sRmatexaGavrbs;xøÜnenAkNþal
pøÚv ehIykaEstrbs;xøÜnk¾RtÚv)aneKbBa¢a[biT. eRkaymk
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn k¾RtÚv)aneKcab;xøÜndak;Bn§naKar
ry³eBlmYyExedayKμandIkacab;xøÜnBItulakar. CnCab;
ecaT exov sMpn )anbnþfa enAqñaM1962 xøÜnRtÚv)anCab;
ecaTeqñatCatMNagra®sþénrbbsgÁmra®sþniym bnÞab;mk
RtÚv)ancat;taMgCardæelxaFikarRksYgBaNiC¢kmμedayPøam²
EdlkarEtgtaMgCardæelxaFikarenHRtÚv)anCnCab;ecaT
rUbenHGHGagfaRKan;EtCakarTijTwkcitþrbs;xøÜnBIsMNak;
semþc sIhnu Etb:ueNÑaH nigbB¢ak;faxøÜnenAEtrkSaKMniteFIV
kMENTRmg;esdækic©rbs;xøÜnCanic© eTaHbICaRtÚvTTYltMENg
enHk¾eday. enAGMLúgeBlEdlxøÜnmantMENgCardæelxaFikar
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )ancab;epþImman»kaskñúgkarTak;Tg
CamYynwgm®nþIEdlmanbTBiesaFeRcIn dUcCa elaksWnsan
elak mat; tg; nig elak Eb:n nut edImI,sÞabsÞg;BIlT§PaBkñúg
kareFIVkMENTRmg;esdækic©. exov sMpn )anCRmabeTAGgÁCMnMu
CRmHfa xøÜnFøab;)anBiPakSaCamYynwg elak sWn san Edl
mantYnaTICaeTsaPi)alFanaKarCatienAeBlenaHGMBIbBaða
karlYcbnøMrUbiyvtßúbreTsedImI,lk;enAkñúgTIpSarggwtEdl
bgá[mankarRBÜy)armÖcMeBaHesdækic©Cati edaysarEtenA
kñúgTIpSarCak;Esþg 1duløarshrdæGaemrik KWbþÚr)anRtwmEt
30erolb:ueNÑaH b:uEnþ1duløardEdleKGaclk;)an200
erolenAkñúgTIpSarggwt. KeRmagénkareFIVkMENTRmg;RtÚv
)anTTYlykedayelak sWn san bnÞab;mkelak sWn san
kar)anykKeRmagenaHeTAfVaysemþcRBHneratþmsIhnu
edImI,seRmcBIbBaðaenH. exovsMpn )anbEnßmfa
{semþc sIhnu eBlenaHk¾elakRBÜy)armÖBI
karEdlkm<úCakan;EtrNbCMnYyGaemrikkan;
EtxøaMgeLIg²ÉGaemrikecHEtKRmamkat;CMnYy
dUecñHCMnYyGaemrikeRbób)aneTAnwgkaMbitP¢g;
km<úCaCab;. KeRmagrbs;´enH k¾RtÚv)an
semþcsBVRBHT½yy:agqab;rh½s.}
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anKUsbBa¢ak;edayGs;
sMeNIcfa bnÞab;BIkarTTYlykKeRmageFIVkMENTRmg;BIsMNak;
semþcneratþmsIhnu ehIyxøÜnRtÚv)anFøak;BItYnaTICardæelxa
RksYgBaNiC¢kmμedaysarEtbBaðasac;eKaeLIgéfø. Cn
Cab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbnþfa karFøak;BItMENgenHKW
edaysarEtsemþc sIhnu RBÜy)armÖxøacxøÜnmanRbCaRbiy
PaBCagRBHGgÁ edaysarKeRmageFIVkMENTRmg;enaHKWxøÜnCa
GñkbegáIteLIg.
enAGMLúgeBlEdlCnCab;ecaT exov sMpn kMBugEt
erobrab;GMBIskmμPaBrbs;xø ÜnenAGMLúgeBlénrbbsgÁm
ra®sþniymrbs;RBH)aTsemþcRBH neratþmsIhnu TaMgecARkm
TaMgRKb;PaKI nigGñkcUlrYmTaMgGs;enAkñúgbnÞb;svnakar)an
sßitenAkñúgPaBs¶at;es¶óm edayepþatkarykcitþTukdak;rbs;
xøÜneTAelIBaküsmþIEdl exovsMpn elIkeLIg.
mmUUlleehhttuuEEddllnnaaMMrrtt;;ccUUllééRRBBeennAAqqññaaMM11996677
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )ancab;epþImbnþerobrab;GMBI
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 15
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
mUlehtuEdlnaM[xøÜnrt;cUléRBenAqñaM1967 EdlmanelIk
eLIgenAkñúgdIkadMeNaHRsayRtg;kfaxNÐ1128 nigkfaxNÐ
1600. exov sMpn )anGHGagenAkñúgesckþIEføgkarN_
rbs;xøÜnfa³
{EdlnaM[´rt;cUléRBenH KWCakarbgçMcitþ.
citþ´ ´cg;bnþeFIVkargarrbs;´CatMNagra®sþ
b:uEnþ́ Kμan[pøÚvÉNaepSgeToteTeRkABIrt;ecj
BIPñMeBj BIeRBaHsnþisuxrbs;´ElgFana)an
eTotehIy. ´RtÚveKKMramcab; ehIynaMxøÜneTA
tulakarswk eRkamelsfa´CaemnaM[ksikr
bHe)arenAsMLÚt karBit´TaMgsÁal;fasMLÚtenA
ÉNapg. ehIy´k¾mineCOfa ksikrnaMKña
bHe)aredaysarEtkaEst´júHjg;enaHeLIy
eRBaHeKminGanGkSr)araMgeT.}
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbnþeTotfa cab;taMgBIqñaM
1966 semþc neratþm sIhnu RtÚv)ankmøaMgxagsþaMrbs;
elak ln; nl; EdlsiñTCamYynwgGaemrikh‘uMB½T§RBHGgÁCit
EdlCaehtueFIV[RTg;yl;fakarP¢ab;TMnak;TMngCamYynwg
shrdæGaemrikkøayCaerOgmYysMxan; ehIygakmkvay
Rbhar nigKMramcab;cgRkúmEdlniymeTAxageqVg EdleFIV[
xøÜnRtÚvbgçMcitþrt;ecjBITIRkúgPñMeBjehIykøayeTACarbs;
EdlmantémøsRmab;bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaenAeBlenaH.
eeRRkkaayykkaarrppÞÞúúHHrrddææRRbbhhaarrqqññaaMM11997700
Tak;TgnwgkarpÞúHrdæRbharenAeRkayqñaM1970enA
Rtg;kfaxNÐ25 nig1129éndIka dMeNaHRsay CnCab;
ecaT exov sMpn )anGHGagfa enAeRkayrdæRbharrbs; ln;
nl; Tmøak;semþc sIhnu enAkñúgqñaM1970semþc sIhnu )an
GMBavGMnav[begáItrdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatimYyenAéf¶TI23 Ex
mIna qñaM1970 enATIRkúgeb:kaMg edaymankarCYysRmÜlBI
sMNak;elak CUeGnLay. b:uEnþCab;ecaTrUbenH)anbBa¢ak;
fa karBitesckþIGMBavnavenHminEmnCasñaRBHhsßrbs;
semþcTaMgRsugeT BIeRBaHesckþIGMBavnavenHRtÚv)anelak
CUeGnLay ykeTAbgðaj saLút s ehIysaLút s )an
lubecalcMNucxøHEdlTak;TgnwgsgÁmniym. exov sMpn
)anbnþfa enAeBlenaH saLút s min)aneTACYbnwgsemþc
sIhnu edaypÞal;eTAtamkaresñIrbs; elak CUeGnLay
eLIy EtEbCasresrsMbuRtmYyc,ab;epJIeTAsemþcsIhnu
edaydak;eQμaHxøÜn hU yn; nigh‘U nwm eTAvij ehIyfasMbuRt
enHepJIecjBImUldæants‘UenAkñúgRbeTs. CnCab;ecaT exov
sMpn )anGHGagfa xøÜn)andwgkarGMBavnavenHenAeBlbnÞab;
eRkayBImankarpSBVpSaytamry³viTüúb:ueNÑaH. CnCab;ecaT
exov sMpn )anesñIsMueTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHeFIVkarkt;smÁal;nUv
cMNucsMxan;mYyeTotfa mUlehtuEdlsaLútsminRBmCYb
CamYynwgsemþc sIhnu KW edaysarEt saLút s KWCaelxa
bkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCa EdlCabkSrbs;ksikr Blkrkm<úCa
ts‘UvayrMlMrbbskiþPUmi. ehtuenHtRmÚv[xøÜnRtÚveFIVCas<an
rvagbkSkumμúnIsþkm<úCa nigsemþc sIhnu edImI,eFIV[manclna
bRgÜbbRgÜmCati edayminRbkan;BN’sm,úrneya)ay. enA
eBlmkdl;RtwmcMNucenH CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anecaT
sYrfa {etIenHCa]Rkidækmμb¤?} nig)aneqøIyxøÜnÉgPøam²fa
{minEmneT KWc,as;CaminEmneT}. exovsMpn)anbEnßmfa
xøÜnmindwgxøÜnfa b:ul Bt )anEtgtaMgxøÜnCa]bnaykrdæm®nþI
enAeBlenaHeLIy edayniyaykñúgTwkmuxmWugm:at; nigsmþI
mYy²nigxøaMg²fa³
{c,as;ehIy KW b:ul Bt Edl)ancat;taMg´[
TTYlmuxtMENgEdl´min)andwgesaH enaHCa
]bnaykxül;rdæm®nþIkarBarRbeTsxül; GKÁ
bBa¢akarxül;.l. enAeBlEdlbkSkumμúynIsþ
km<uúCaÉeNaHeT EdlCaGñkdwknaMkarts‘UtaMg
BIs®gÁamQøbenAkñúgqñaM1968-69mkrhUt
kñúgnamCakgBlkñúgs®gÁamBIqñaM1970eTA
75. ebIdUecñaH eKenAGHGagfa´CaGñkman
GMNacFMsemI,mNas; y:agenHy:agenaH)an
eToteT. Gt;eT vaeTAminrYceT. ebI]bnayk
16 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
xül; rdæm®nþIkarBarRbeTsxül; GKÁbBa¢akar
T½Bxül;. karBit´Kμan\T§iBlGVI Etbnþick¾Kμan
EdreTAelIkgT½B sUmI,EtGgÁPaBtUcmYyk¾Kμan
enAeRkambgÁab;rbs;´Edr.}
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn elIkeLIgfa xøÜnmanGarmμN_
Rbhak;RbEhlnwgCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca Edl)anniyaykal
BIéf¶TI5 ExFñÚ qñaM2011Edr eRBaHxøÜnminGacQremIlRbeTs
km<úCaEdleTIbrYcputBIGaNaniKm)araMg nigGacrMedaHputBI
kNþab;édrbs;Gaemrik ehIyEbrCaFøak;eTAkñúgkNþab;éd
kumμúynIsþevotNameLIy.
ttYYnnaaTTIIeennAAkkññúúggbbkkSSkkuummμμúúyynnIIssþþkkmm<<úúCCaa
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbBa¢ak;eTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHfa
xøÜn)ancUlrYmCasmaCikbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCakñúgqñaM1969
enAelIPñM»ra:l; CamYynwg hU yn; h‘U nwm nig b:uk dWkumar
EdlRtÚv)andak;bBa©Úleday tam:uk EdlCaGñkCMnYsmux[
bkSkumμúnIsþkm<úCa. karcUlCasmaCikbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaKW
tRmÚv[manskmμPaBRbyuT§ ehIyRtÚvqøgkat;karksag
lt;dMsakl,gkñúgkarts‘Ubdivtþn_. mYyeTotRtÚvmanvNѳPaB
l¥ EdlvNѳPaBl¥enaHRtÚvEtCakUnksikrRkIRk. dUecñHexov
sMpn )anbdiesFfa xøÜnminmanlkçN³sm,tþiRKb;RKan;edImI,
bMeBjlkçxNÐTaMgenHeLIy. müa:geTot xøÜnminEmnCakUn
ksikrRkIRk eRBaHxøÜnCaGñkEdl)aneronsURtx<g;x<s;enAÉ
breTs nigminEdl)ancUlrYmts‘UbdivtþeT edaysarkarrt;
cUlkñúgéRBenaHKWeFIVeLIg edaybgçMcitþ.
CnCab;ecaT exov sMpn )anbBa¢ak;fa karEdlxøÜn)an
cUlCasmaCikeRtóménKN³mCiÄmenAkñúgqñaM1971enaH
KWedaysarEtxøÜnmannaTICas<anP¢ab;karTak;TgrvagbkS
kumμúnIsþkm<úCa nigsemþcsIhnu. tamkarBit b:ul Bt enAEt
cat;TukxøÜnfaCamnusSrbs;rNsirS ehIyeKminEdlcat;Tuk
xøÜnfaCasmaCikbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaenaHeT. exov sMpn
bBa¢ak;eTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHfa smaCikbRmugénKN³mCiÄm KWKμan
siTi§GMNackñúgkarseRmcGVITaMgGs;. edayelIkCa]TahrN_
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 17
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
nnYYnn CCaa bb::uull BBtt
kkuuyy FFYYnn
fasmaCikmCiÄmepSgeToteKsuT§EtmanGMNacRKb;RKg
PUmiPaK b:uEnþxøÜnCasmaCikmCiÄmnwgeKEdr KWmannaTICaRtwm
EtCaGñksresrr)aykarN_CaeTotTat;CUneTAsemþc sIhnu
eTAvij. exovsMpn )aneFIVkareRbóbeFobxøÜneTAnwg\sSrCn
enAevotNamxagt,Úg EdleRkayBIevotNamxagt,ÚgRtÚv
)anrMedaHBYkGñkTaMgenaH)an)at;eQμaHKμantMENgGVIeLIy.
CnCab;ecaTCab;ecaT exov sMpn xitxMbgðajeTAGñk
cUlrYm nigRbCaCnkm<úCafa mUlehtuEdlxøÜnminmanGMNac
seRmcGVITaMgGs;enAeBlEdlxøÜnCaemdwknaMCan;x<s;enaH KW
edaysarEt b:ul Bt nigbkSkumμúynIsþkm<úCaEtgEtenA
cat;TukxøÜnfaCaBYkbBaØaCn.
munnwgbBa©b;esckþIEføgkarN_rbs;xøÜn CnCab;ecaT
exov sMpn )anbBa¢ak;bEnßm edayelIkeLIgnUvsMNYrmYyfa
etIehtuGVI)anCaRbCaCnkm<úCaPaKeRcInelIslb;pþl;karKaMRT
rbs;eKeTAdl;clnats‘UeRkamkardwknaMrbs;bkSkumμúynIsþ
km<úCa? sMNYrenHRtÚv)anCab;ecaT exov sMpn bkRsay
fa ³
{tam´yl; KWedaysareKGs;sgwÇmxøaMgnwg
rbb ln; nl; EdlBukrlYydl;qäwg ehIyCa
brivardac;éførbs;shrdæGaemrik EtebIemIl
mkclnats‘Uvij eKeXIjmnusSEdleKsÁal;
c,as;faCamnusSs¥atsM¥ ehIykarBarÉkraCü
nigGFibetyüPaBCatidac;xat eKenOyNay
edayeXIjEtGMeBIBalaGav:aEs GMeBI]Rkidæ
nigGnaFibetyüenAkñúgrbb ln; nl; Éxagkar
ts‘UeKlWfa vin½ytwgrwgNas; b:uEnþeKeRtómxøÜn
nwgTTYleKarBtam BIeRBaHeKeRskXøancg;)an
nUvsgÁmmYyEdlRbkbeTAedayKuNFm’ nig
sIlFm’.}
x¦karsYredjedaledImbNþwgrdæb,evNI
enAGMLúgeBlsvnakarelIGgÁesckþITak;TgnwgkarsYr
edjedalPsþútag GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg)anekaHehAedIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNIcMnYnBIrrUbedIm,Ipþl;skçIkmμenAkú ñ úgsvna
kar. edImbNþwgrdæb,evNITImYyKWelak køan viut rs;enAPUmi
Giun XMutaLav RsukGNþÚgmas extþrtnKIrI CaCnCatikack;
nigTIBIrKWelak rm:am yun ehA xaMPI manGayu70qñaM rs;enA
PUmikacUt RsukGNþÚgmas extþrtnKIrI. nak;TaMgBIrrUb KWCa
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIdMbUgbg¥s;enAkñúgsMNuMerOg002 Edl
RtÚv)anGgÁCMnM uCRmHekaHehA[mkpþl;skçIkmμenAkñ úgGgÁ
svnakar.
enAGMLúgeBlénkarsYredjedalenAkñúgsvnakar
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgBIrrUbhak;bIdUcCamankarlM)akkñúg
karEsVgyl;BIsMNYrrbs;PaKIEdlecaTsYrmkelIxøÜn eRBaH
PaKeRcInéncemøIyrbs;GñkTaMgBIrmin)aneqøIytbeTAnwg
sMNYrEdlRtÚv)anecaTsYrmkelIxøÜneLIy. edImbNþwgrdæ
b,evNITaMgBIrRtÚv)anGgÁCMnMuCRmHbgÁab;[manGñkCMnYymñak;
edImI,CYysRmbsRmÜl nigCYybkERbral;BaküeBcn_ nig
XøaTaMgLayNaEdlmanPaBminc,as;las; edayehtufa
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgBIrrUb CaCnCatiPaKtic ehIymin
)aneRbIR)as;PasaExμrCaPasaedImrbs;xøÜn. müa:gvijeTot
bBaðav½ycas;Cra nigsuxPaBrbs;GñkTaMgBIr k¾RtÚv)ankt;
smÁal;edayGgÁCMnMuCRmH. elakecARkm nil Nun EdlCa
RbFanénGgÁCMnMuCRmH )ancab;epþImsaksYrCadMbUgTak;Tg
nwgRbvtþirUbsegçbrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI munnwgRbKl;
evTikaeTA[PaKITaMgGs;edImI,bnþdMeNIrkarnItiviFIsaksYr
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI. bnÞab;BIkarsYrsMNYrrbs;elak
RbFanGgÁCMnM uCRmH nil Nun emFavItMNagedImbNþwg
rdæb,evNIRtÚv)anRbKl;evTika[eFIVkarsYrkUnkþIrbs;xøÜn nig
bnÞab;mkCaParkic©rbs;shRBHraCGaCJakñ úgkarsYredj
edaledImbNþwgrdæb,evNI.
11¦¦ kkaarreeFFVVIIsskkççIIkkmmμμrrbbss;;eeddIImmbbNNþþwwggrrdd,,eevvNNII kkøøaann vviiuutt
eqøIytbnwgsMNYrrbs;shemFavItMNagedImbNþwg
rdæb,evNI nigtMNagshRBHraCGnþrCatiBak;Bn§½nwgkar
cUlrYmclnabdivtþn_ elak køan viut manRbsasn_fa mun
18 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
eBlEdlxøÜncUlrYmeFVIbdivtþn_dMbUg maneKmkR)ab;fa ebImin
cUlbdivtþn_eTenaHnwgRtÚvsøab; BIeRBaHxμaMgskþiPUminwgeFVI
)ab. enAeBlB¤dUcenH xøÜn)anseRmccUlrYmeFVIbdivtþn_
CamYynwgeK. cab;;taMgBIeBlenaHmkxøÜnRtÚv)aneQμaH v:ag
nig sIu cat;taMg[xøÜneFVICanirsaedIm,Irt;sMbuRt[kmμaPi)al
nigbnÞab;mkeFVIRbFanPUmiedIm,IeFVIkarGb;rMRbCaCn nigpÁt;pÁg;
Epñkesdækic©dl;bdivtþn_. elak køan viut )anbBa¢ak;fa xøÜn
Føab;)anCYbCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI EdleBlenaH)an
eXasnaGb;rM[xitxMeFVIkaredIm,IbeRmIbdivtþn_. elIsBIenaH
eTot eGog sarI )anbeRgóndl;emPUmi emXuM ku M[ehA
evotNamfayYn eRBaHevotNam Lav nigkm<úCaKWCabgb¥Ún
CIdUnmYy. bEnßmelIenHelak eGog sarI EfmTaMg)an
RbkasR)ab;fñak;Rsúk fñak;XuM [yl;BIGVICaxμaMg nigGIVCasRtÚv
eTotpg. elak vuit )anGHGagfa enAeBlenaH CnCab;ecaT
eGog sarI nYn Ca exov sMpn nig bu:l Bt KWmantYnaTICa
KN³PUmiPaK|sanþ. elak køan viut )aneFVIkarbBa¢ak;Cacug
eRkayfa mUlehtuEdlGgÁkareRCIserIsykCnCatiPaKtic
[cUleFVIbdivtþn_ edaysarCnCatiPaKticKWCamnusSl¶g;
mindwgGVICaxμaMg GVICabdivtþn_enaHeLIy.
22¦¦ kkaarreeFFVVIIsskkççIIkkmmμμrrbbss;;eeddIImmbbNNþþwwggrrdd,,eevvNNII rrmm::aamm yyuunn
elak rm:am yun KWCaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNITIBIr
Edl)aneFVIskçIkmμenAcMeBaHmuxGgÁCMnMuCRmH. eqøIytbnwg
sMNYrrbs;emFavItMNagedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI nigtMNag
shRBHraC GaCJaGnþrCati elak rm:amyun manRbsasn_fa
xøÜnRtÚv)aneKeXasna[cUlrYmeFVIbdivtþn_edIm,IrMedaHCati
nigbeRmIRbeTs[mankarrIkceRmIn bu:EnþeRkaymkGIV²min
dUckareRKagTukenaHeT. elak yun )anbBa¢ak;fa karcUl
bdivtþn_enHmankarbgçMxøHGt;xøH BIeRBaHGñkxøHmanbMNgcUlrYm
ksagCati ehIyGñkxøHeTotRtÚv)aneKbgçM[cUlrYmeFVIbdivtþn_
eday[BYkeKykRTBüFn;xøHedIm,IpÁt;pÁg;bdivtþn_. edImbNþwg
rdæb,evNIrUbenH)anbEnßmfa enAmunqñaM1975 xøÜnKWCaGñk
rt;sMbuRt[kmμa Pi)altUcFM CaBiessrt;sMbuRt[eQμaH v:an;
EdlCaKN³PUmiPaK|sanþ.
eRkayBIshRBHraCGaCJa sYrelak rm:am yun
RbFanGgÁCMnM uCRmHseRmcp¥ak nItiviFIsYredjedaledIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNIrYbenH ehIycab;epþImsYreTAelIsakSI Lúg
nrinÞ.
enAkñúgsvnakarenaH shemFavIkarBarkþI[CnCab;
ecaTTaMgbIRkúmminTan;man»kaskñúgkarsYredjedaledIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgBIrrUbenHeLIy edaysarEtkarsYr
edjedaledImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgBIrrUbenHRtÚv)anp¥akenA
RtwmBak;kNþalTI. GgÁCMnMuCRmH)anRbkasfa nItiviFIsYr
edjedaledImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgBIrrUbenHnwgRtÚveFVIbnþ
enAExmkra qñaM2012. mUlehtuEdlnaM[mankarRbkas
p¥ak;nItiviFIsYredjedjedaledImbNþwgrdæb,evNITaMgBIr
enH edaysarEtbBaðasuxPaBrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI
TaMgBIrrUbmankarcuHexSay. CaBiessCagenHeTAeTot
GgÁCMnMuCRmHTukeBlevlaenHedIm,IsYrykcemøIyrbs;sakSI
KWelak Lúg nrinÞ EdlGgÁCMnM uCRmHKt;smÁal;faCakar
caM)ac;EdlRtÚvsþab;skçIkmμrbs;elak Lúg nrinÞ mun edaysar
sakSIrUbenHmanv½ycas;CraehIyEfmTaMgmanCm¶ WEfm
eTot.
K¦ karsYredjedalsakSI
enAkñúgnItiviFIénsvnakarelIPsþútagkñúgdMNak;kal
TImYy GgÁCMnM uCRmHsaladMbUg)anebIkkarsaksYrsakSI
TImYy KWelak Lúg nrinÞ EdlCaGtItbuKÁlikenARksYgkar
breTsenAkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü nigCasakISdak;
bnÞúkrbs;shRBHraCGaCJa. karsYredjedalsakIS Lúg
nrinÞ eFVIeLIgenAeRkaykarp¥akkarsþab;skçIkmμrbs;edIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNIcMnYnBIrrUbxagelIedaysarEtbBaðasuxPaB.
karebIksvnakarsYredjedalsakIS Lúg nrinÞ muneKRtÚv
)anGgÁCMnMuCRmHpþl;ehtuplfaedaysarsakSIrUbenHman
v½yCra nigmanbBaðasuxPaB. m:üagvijeTot edaysar
bBaðasuxPaB v½ycas;Cra nigmanCMgWRbcaMkay GgÁCMnMuCRmH
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 19
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
)anseRmcGnuBaØat[sakISrUbenHGaceFIVskçIkmμBIcm¶ay
tamry³RbB½n§esatTsSn_ BIlMenAdæanrbs;elakenAextþ
bnÞaymanC½y edaymankarsRmbsRmÜlBIsMNak;GgÁPaB
KaMBarsakIS nigGñkCMnaj. enAGMLúgeBleFIVskçIkmμ buKÁlik
rbs;GgÁPaBKaMBarsakIS nigGñkCMnajmñak; RtÚv)anGnuBaØat
edayGgÁCMnMuCRmH[GgÁúyenACitsakIS Lúg nrinÞ edImI,CYy
sRmÜl nigbBa¢ak;sMNYrTaMgLayEdlsakISrUbenHminGac
sþab;B¤ b¤lM)akyl;GMBIsMNYrTaMgLayEdlecARkm nigPaKI
énsvnakarecaTsYr. elak Lúg nrinÞ RtÚv)anGgÁCMnMuCRmH
saksYredjedalGMBIRbvtþisavtarrbs;elaktaMgBIeBl
munénrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü rhUtdl;kardYlrlMénrbb
ExμrRkhm. b:uEnþedaysarbBaðabec©keTsénRbB½n§esat
TsSn_ nigbBaðsuxPaBtRmÚv[sakISrUbenHesñIsMuGgÁCMnMuCRmH
cUlbnÞb;TwkCajwkjab; EdlbNþal[karpþl;skçIkmμBIcm¶ay
enHmansPaB rGak;rGYl nigmanPaByWty:av.
elak Lúg nrinÞ )aneqøIytbCaeRcIneTAsMNYrrbs;
GgÁCMnM uCRmH nigPaKIénsvnakarEdlecaTsYrmkelIxøÜn
Tak;TgnwgRbvtiþsikSa nigRbvtþikargarEdlFøab;)aneFVIkar
CamYynwgCn Cab;ecaT eGog sarI nigCnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§
enAmuneBl GMLúgeBl nigeRkayeBl énrbbkm<úCaRbCaFib
20 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
nniissSSiittkkMMBBuuggeemmIIllRRbbvvttþþiirrUUbbeemmddwwkknnaaMMEExxμμrrRRkkhhmmTTaaMMggbbII
etyü.
RRbbvvttþþiissaavvttaarr
enAGMLúgeBlénkarsaksYredjedal elakLúg nrinÞ
)anelIkeLIgfa elakekItenAkñúgqñaM1938 bc©úb,nñrs;enA
PUmidUg XMum:aéL Rsukm:aéL extþbnÞaymanC½y. elak Lúg
nrinÞ ehA riT§ CaGtItnisSitFøab;)aneTAsikSaenARbeTs
eqkUsøÚv:aKI ry³eBl10qñaM kñúgGMLúgqñaM1960dl;qñaM1970
b¤1971 xagEpñkkayGb;rM kILa nigR)aN.
bnÞab;BIkarGMBavnavrbs;semþcRBH neratþm sIhnu
enAqñaM1970 elak nrinÞ )an RtLb;mkBIRbeTseqkUsUv:aKI
rYceFVIkarenATIRkúgeb:kaMg\mYYyry³. enA
TIRkúgeb:kaMg elak)ancUlrYmkñúgclnamYy
Edlmansemþcneratþm sIhnu CaRbFan.
enATIenaHelak)aneFIVkarenAkñúgRksYgkar
breTsénrdæaPi)alrYbrYmCatirbs;semþc
sIhnu edaymantYnaTICaGñkvayGtßbT
bkERbPasa nig vaysMbuRtepSg²sRmab;
Tak;TgBIRbeTsmYyeTARbeTsmYy nigBI
clnamYyeTAclnamYy. eRkayBIcak
ecjBITIRkúgeb:kaMg elak Lúg nrinÞ )an
mkbeRmIkargarenAkñúgsßanIyviTüúrN³sirS
rYbrYmCatiRbCaFibetyü enATIRkúghaNUy
RbeTsevotNam edayman eGog FIriT§
CaGñkRKb;RKg. elak nrinÞ )anGHGagfa
elak)ancUlbeRmIkarenATIenaHedaysμ½RK
citþ bnÞab;BIB¤CnCab;ecaT eGogsarI niyay
faviTüúenHk¾Cakarts‘UmYyEdr {eFVIkarenA
TIenaHehIycaMRtLb;eTARsúkvijk¾)an}.
enAGMLúgeBlbeRmIkarenAsßanIyviTüúenaH
elak nrinÞ )anbBa¢ak;fa xøÜnmanmuxgarCa
GñkbkERbsMbuRtEdlmanelxsm¶at;mk
CaPasaExμredIm,IpSBVpSayeTAkñúg nigeRkA
RbeTs nig)aneFVICaGñkGb;rMsisSEdlman«BukmþayFøab;
rs;enATIRkúghaNUyeTotpg. eRkayBIcakecjBITIRkúg
haNUy elak nrinÞ )anRtLb;mkRbeTskm<úCavij
nigcUlbeRmIkargarenARksYgkarbreTsenAkñúgGMLúgénrbb
km<úCaRbCaFibetyüEdlman eGog sarI Cardæm®nþI. sakIS
rUbenH)anbnþfa enAdMNak;kalenaH RksYgkarbreTsRtÚv
)aneKehAfaCamnÞIrb-1 enATIenaHxøÜnmanmuxgarCaGñkvay
GtßbT nigeFIVkargarBak;B½n§nwglixitqøgEdnsRmab;GñkEdl
ecjcUlRbeTskm<úCa. CagenHeTAeTot elak nrinÞ Føab;)an
eTAbeRmIkarenAmnÞIrb-20Gs;ry³eBlRbEhl6Exnig
eRkaymkenAmnÞIr b-15. enAGMLúgénrbbkm<úCaRbCaFib
etyüdEdlenH elak Lúg nrinÞ k¾Føab;RtÚv)anEcgtaMg[
beRmIkarenAkñúgRBHbrmraCvaMg edaymanmuxgarCaGñkkarBar
semþc neratþm sIhnu xN³EdlRTg;Kg;enACaRBHRbFanrdæ
Gs;ry³eBlRbEhl6Ex.
TTMMnnaakk;;TTMMnnggrrvvaaggssaakkSSII LLúúgg nnrriinnÞÞ TTaaMMggCCnnCCaabb;;eeccaaTT eeGGoogg
ssaarrII nniiggbbuuKKÁÁlleeppSSggeeTToott
sakIS Lúg nrinÞ )anbBa¢ak;fa enAxN³eBlEdlelak
eFVIkarenAmnÞIrb-1 elakRtÚv)anGgÁkarsg½SyfaCaPñak;gar
esIukarN_sm¶at; es>GIu>Ga. enAeBlenaH CnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI )anbgÁab;[elaksresrRbvtþirUbpÞal;xøÜnrYcepJICUneTA
CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI tamry³elak sYg sIueKOn EdlCa
emRkúmrbs;xøÜn. sakSIrUbenH)anbnþfa xøÜnsÁal;CnCab;ecaT
eGogsarI dMbUgtamry³elak fac; Ca KWCamitþPkþieronCamYy
KñaenAeBlCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI nigPriyaKWCnCab;ecaT
eGog FIriT§ eFVIdMeNIrrYmKñaCamYyRKÜsareTAeRkARbeTs.
kalenaHelakRKan;EtsÁal;eQμaH eGog sarI b:ueNÑaH min
Tan;manTMnak;TMngCamYyKñaenAeLIyeT. bnÞab;mkelak)an
CYbnwgCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI enATIRkúghaNUy enAxN³
eBlEdlCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI )aneFIV]eTÞsnamenAkñúg
kic©RbCMuenATIenaH. CnCab;ecaT eGog sarI Føab;)anRbCMuR)ab;
buKÁlikenAkñúgRksYgkarbreTsfa xøÜnnwgmin GnuBaØat[nrNa
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 21
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
mñak;naMykbuKÁlikénRksYgenHecjeTANaCadac;xat enA
eBl EdlxøÜnminenA. elak Lúg nrinÞ )anerobrab;R)ab;GgÁ
CMnMuCRmHfa xøÜnminmanTMnak;TMngCamYyCnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI eToteTbnÞab;BIqñaM1979 ehIyk¾mindwgfa eGog sarI
rs;enATINaEdrenAeBlbc©úb,nñenH. b:uEnþenAkñúgkarelIkeLIg
rbs;shRBHraCGaCJa)anbBa¢ak;fa enAkñúgqñaM1994 elak
nrinÞ Føab;mantYnaTICaGKÁelxaFikarénclnabRgÜbbRgÜm
CatiRbCaFibetyü EdlmanCnCab;ecaT eGog sarI Ca
RbFan. elak nrinÞ )an[dwgfa clnaenHenAEtmandl;
sBVéf¶ b:uEnþ minmanskmμPaBGVIeT.
enAeBlEdltMNagshRBHraCGaCJaGnþrCati elak
eDl lIsak; sYrfaetI fac; Ca CanrNa elak nrinÞ )aneqøIy
tbfaeQμaH fac; Ca CaGñkEdlFøab;eronenAsalaCamYy Kña
nigFøab;elg)al;enAkñúgRkúmCamYyKña ehIyk¾CabuKÁlmñak;
EdlmanTMnak;TMngCamYyrdæaPi)al ln; nl;. b:uEnþelak
min)anbBa¢ak;GMBImuxgarrbs;buKÁlenHeT. elak nrinÞ
)anpþl;skçIkmμeTotfa edaysareBlevlaknøgmkyUrNas;
eTAehIy dUcenHelakminc,as;eTfa etIbuKÁlenHRtÚv)ankUn
sisScab;eFVIcMNab;xμaMgenAqñaM1974 nigeRkaymkRtÚv)an
)aj;smøab;CamYyrdæ m®nþIRksYgGb;rMenaH b¤y:agNa.
sakSIrUbenH)anbBa¢ak;GMBImUlehtuEdlxøÜn)anehAeQμaH
fac; Ca fa {Ga fac; Ca} enAkñúgRbvtþirUbrbs;xøÜnCUneTAGgÁ
CMnMuCRmHk¾dUcCashRBHraCGaCJaEdlkMBugsYrGMBIbBaðaenH
fa xøÜnehAEbbenH KWedaysarEtmanmitþPaBCitsñitCamYy
Kña. elak nrinÞ )anbBa¢ak;bnþfa elak)andwgerOgrbs;
eQμaH fac; Ca CaPñak;garesIubkarN_ es>GIu>Ga edaysar
eQμaHenHEtgEteTAsßanTUtGaemrikEdlCaRbeTsesrI xus
RsLHBIxøÜnEdlEtgEtTak;TgCamYyRbeTsGBüaRkwtü nig
RbeTssgÁmniym.
enAeBlEdleFVIkarsaksYrGMBITMnak;TMngCamYynig
kmμaPi)alExμrRkhmdéTeTot EdlmaneQμaHenAkñúgRbvtþirUb
rbs;xøÜn elak Lúg nrinÞ EdlCasakSIxagRBHraCGaCJa
RtÚv)anshRBHraCGaCJargGnþrCatisYrmþgehIymþgeTot
GMBIPaBsÞak;esÞIrkñúgkareqøIytbeTAnwgsMNYrTaMgLayEdl
ecaTsYrmkelIxøÜn. shRBHraCGaCJarg elak eDl lIsak;
)anbgðajBIPaBmnÞileTAnwgcemøIyrbs;sakSI maneBlxøH
shRBHraCGaCJayl;fasakSIBüayamminbeB©ajeQμaH
GtItRbFanrbs;xøÜn KWCnCab;ecaT eGogsarI enaHeT. elak
Lúg nrinÞ k¾RtÚv)anshRBHraCGaCJasYredjedalBITMnak;TMng
rbs;xøÜnCamYybuKÁlmYycMnYneTot EdlbuKÁlTaMgenaHrYmman°
1¦ tUc xaMeDOn nig hak;esog LaynI GtItbuKÁlikenA
RksYgkarbreTsCamYyKña eRkaymkRtÚv)ancab;xøÜn.
2¦ eTB sMGat GtItGKÁrdæTUt Føab;eFVIkarenAeb:kaMg
CamYyKña eRkaymkRtÚveKbB©ÚaneTAmnÞIrs-21.
3¦ va:n; BinI CaGtItelxaTI2 enATUteGhSIúb Føab;eFVIkar
CamYyKñaenAeb:kaMg.
4¦ KatQn; GtItbuKÁlikenARksYgkarbreTsCamYy
Kña b:uEnþenAEpñkniBn§.
5¦ CYn RbsiT§ Føab;eFVIkarCamYyKña.
6¦ Qn éh GtIteFVICakgkarBarsemþc neratþm
sIhnu enAkñúgvaMg.
7¦ elakhak; esogLaynI RtÚv)anGgÁkarcab;TaMgbþI
RbBn§
8¦sarin qak Føab;eFVIkarCamYyenATIRkúg eb:kaMg.
9¦sU hug CakμÜyrbs; b:ul Bt EdlmanEteQμaHenA
RksYgkarbreTs.
elak Lúg nrinÞ )anbBa¢ak;fa enAxN³eBlEdlxøÜn
eFIVkarenAkñúgmnIÞrb-1 elakEtgEtmankarP½yxøaccMeBaH
Baküfa {eTAeronsURt} edaysarenAeBlenaH karbBa¢ÚneTA
eronsURt KWeKbBa¢ÚneTAmnÞIrsnþisuxs-21 nigsaxarbs;
mnÞIs-21 dUcCamnÞIrbwgRtEbk nigmnÞIrRcaMgcMerH.
shRBHraCGaCJa elak eDl lIsak; )anesñIsMu[
sakIS Lúg nrinÞ Bnül;GMBIXøamYy Edl)ansresrenAkñúg
RbvtiþrUbsegçbrbs;xøÜnfa ³
22 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
{kñúgry³kalsikSaCIvitrbs;´KWexμAggwtsøúgsøúb
Tak;TgnwgBYkEdleRkaymkk,t;RbeTsCati nigcUlédnwgBYk
Gak,t;;. mü:ageTotkarrs;enAk¾mins¥ats¥M KWdUrluykak;rk
sIucgkarman)an.sIlFm’narIbursk¾mins¥ats¥M. edaysar
KuNGgÁkar eyIg´)anvilmkrkpøÚvRtÚvpøÚvbdivtþn_km<úCa. ´
)anxitxMksagxøÜntamkarENnaMrbs;GgÁkar}.
enARtg;cMNucenHsakSI Lúg nrinÞ )anBnül;fakar
sresrenaHKWRKan;Etcg;bBa¢ak;faxøÜnesμaHRtg;nwgGgÁkar
b:ueNÑaH minmanlak;elomGIeT ehIykalenAeronvamanerOg
EbbhñwgnaM[eBlbdivtþn_KWRtÚvxMRbwgEkxøÜn. eqøIytbeTAnwg
sMNYrEdlelakshRBHraCGaCJasYrfaetIelakmandwgeTfa
eQμaHEdl)anelIkeLIgenAkñúgRbvtþirUbrbs;elakenaHcug
eRkayKWRtÚv)aneKnaMykeTAkan;mnÞIrs-21. elak Lúg
nrinÞ )aneqøIyfaxøÜnmindwgBImUlehtuEdleK[sresrRbvtþi
rUbenHeT ehIyk¾mindwgfamanerOgGVIbnÞab;BIkarsresrenH
Edr b:uEnþelakmanCMenOfa RbEhlCaGgÁkarcg;dwgBITMnak;TMng
rbs;xøÜnCamYynrNaxøH.
enAkñúgsvnakarénkarpþl;skçIkmμedaysakSI Lúg nrinÞ
RkúmemFavIkarBarkþICnCab;ecaT exov sMpn minmansMNYr
saksYreTAsakSIrUbenHeLIy. manEtRkúmemFavIkarBarkþI
CnCab; ecaT nYn Ca nigRkúmemFavIkarBarkþICnCab;ecaT eGog
sarI b:ueNÑaH Edl)ansYredjedal.
enAmuneBlbBa¢b;karsYredjedalsakIS elak Lúg
nrinÞ mancMNucEdlKYrkt;smÁal;mYyKWfa CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca
)anesñIsMuGgÁCMnMuCRmHedIm,IsYrsakSI Lúg nrinÞ. CnCab;ecaT
nYn Ca )ansYrsMNYreTAsakSI Lúg nrinÞ edaysMdImaM²GMBI
karTTYl\T§iBlBI suWg g:ukfaj; EdlCaGñkRbqaMgnwgRBH
mhakSRt. elak nrinÞ eqøÍytbbdiesFedaysMdImYy²fa
xøÜnmin)anTTYl\T§iBlBI sWug g:ukfaj; eT. xøÜneBjcitþnwgkar
ts‘Urbs;elak suWg g:ukfaj; cMeBaHkarts‘URbqaMgnwg)araMg
ÉskmμPaBepSgeTot KWGt;eT. CnCab;ecaT nYn Ca ecaT
sYrbnþeTotfaetIelakFøab;manniyayfamansmancitþ
cMeBaH suWg g:ukfaj; edaysarbuKÁl enHRbqaMgnwgesþc nig
GaNaniKm)araMgEdrb¤eT? elak Lúg nrinÞ )aneqøIytbfa
kalenaHyuvCnExμrKWG‘Icwg ecHEtCeyaeTA EteRkaymk
)anTTYlkarGb;rMeTIbdwgfakareFIVEbbenHminl¥. CnCab;
ecaT nYn Ca )anbnþsMNYrrbs;xøÜneTotfaetIelakmanCab;
ninñakarneya)ayCamYy hg; Funhak; EdlCaédsþaMrbs;
sWug g:ukmij nigeRkaymkenAqñaM1972 eLIgCanaykrdæ
m®nþIenaHEdreT? etIelaksÁal; eGo sIucUv EdlCaédsþaM
rbs; suWg g:ukfaj; eT? nigsMNYrcugeRkayfaetIeQμaH
TaMgGs;Edlelak)anelIkenAkñúgRbvtþirUbrbs;elakenaH
etIBYkenHmaneFVIskmμPaBCamYysuWg g:ukfaj; eT? etIskmμ
PaBGVIxøH? elak Lúg nrinÞ )anbdiesFeTAnwgsMNYrTaMgGs;
xagelIrbs; nYn Ca CamYynwgBaküfa mindwg nigminsÁal;.
esckþIsnñidæan
svnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nigBinitüPsþútagEdl
erobcMeLIgedayGgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgnaeBlenH KWRKan;
EtCasvnakardMNak;kaldMbUgEdlepþatelIRbvtiþénbkS
kumμúynIsþkm<úCa nigsavtarrbs;CnCab;ecaTmñak;²Edl
ykecjBIEpñkmYyéndIkadMeNaHRsayedImI,ecaTsYrCn
Cab;ecaT edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIsakIS nigGñkCMnajEtb:ueNÑaH.
bnÞab;BIbBa©b;karsYredjedalTak;TgnwgRbvtþibkSkumμúynIsþ
km<úCa nigsavtarrbs;CnCab;ecaT GgÁCMnMuCRmHnwgbnþykGgÁ
ehtuepSgeToténdIkadMeNaHRsaymkBiPakSasYredjedal
nigBinitüPsþútagEdlTak;TgnwgGgÁehtuTaMgenaH.
karpþl;skçIkmμrbs;CnCab;ecaT sakSI nigedImbNþwg
rdæb,evNI EdleFVIeLIgenAGMLúgeBlsvnakar)anCYbRbTH
nUvbBaðamYycMnYn edaysarEtGgÁCMnMuCRmHmanPaBlM)akkñúg
karkMNt;EbgEckeBlevlasRmab;PaKInanakñúgkarsYredj
edalenAkñúgsvnakar EdlCaehtueFIV[mankarBnüareBl
karsYredjedaledImbNþwgrdæb,evNI sakIS nigCnCab;ecaT
enAGMLúgeBlsvnakar. m:üagvijeTot bBaðasuxPaB v½ycas;
Crarbs;CnCab;ecaT sakSI nigedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI bBaða
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 23
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
bec©keTskñúgkareRbIR)as;RbB½n§esatTsSn_edIm,IsaksYr
sakSI nigkarCMTas;rbs;PaKIenAkñúgGMLúgeBlsvnakark¾)an
bgáPaBlM)akeTAdl;GgÁCMnMuCRmH nig)anTajdMeNIrkarnItiviFI
min[eTAmuxelOn dUcEdlGgÁCMnMuCRmHcg;)aneLIy.
eTaHCay:agNa svnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nig
BinitüelIPsþútagEdlRbRBwtþeFIVeLIgnaeBlenH KWCadMeNIr
vivDÆn_fμImYyeTotrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCa
kñúgkarEsVgrkyutþiFm’ nigkarBit EdlRbCaCnkm<úCaTUTaMg
RbeTs)anTnÞwgrg;caMGs;ry³eBlCit32qñaM.
bBaðaepSg²
enAGMLúgeBlénkarGanGgÁehtuEdlmanenAkñúgdIka
dMeNaHBIsMNak;RkLabBa¢IénGgÁCMnMu CRmH CnCab;ecaT exov
sMpn )ansþab;karGanGgÁehtuecaTRbkan;RbqaMgnwgxøÜn
edayykcitþTukdak; ehIyenAerogral;eBl CnCab;ecaTrUb
enH)an»nmuxsresrenAelIRkdas Edldak;enAelIturbs;
xøÜnedImI,eRtómeFIVkareqøIytbeTAnwgkarecaTRbkan;TaMgenaH.
maneBlxøH CnCab;ecaTrUbenH)angakeTABiPakSaCamYy
m®nþIsMNMuerOgEdlGgÁúyenACitxøÜnCajwkjab;.
kñúgsvnakarelIPsþútagkalBIéf¶TI6 ExFñÚ qñaM2011
EdleFVIkarBiPakSaedjedalGMBIRbvtþirbs;bkSkumμ únIsþ
km<úCa nigRbvtþisavtarrbs;CnCab;ecaT GgÁCMnuMCRmH)an
ekaHehAedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIcMnYnBIrrUbedIm,IeFVIkarsaksYr.
enAkñúgkic©dMeNIrkarnItiviFI shemFavI GnþrCatikarBarkþICn
Cab;ecaT nYn Ca KWelak ém:eXIl epsþEmn )anesñIsuM[edIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNIRtÚveFI Vsm,fmuneBlpþl;skçIkmμenH.
eqøIytbeTAnwgkarelIkeLIgxagelI elakecA Rkm nil Nun
)anbBa¢ak;edaysMdIc,as;²fa enAkñúgRkmnItiviFIRBhμTNÐ
ExμrqñaM2007 nigviFanépÞkñúgrbs;GgÁCMnuHCRmHkñúgtulakar
km<úCa mintRmÚv[edImbNþwgrdæb,evNIeFVIkars,feLIy.
elak eBC GgÁ emFavInaMmuxtMNagedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI)an
bdiesFcMeBaHkarelIkeLIgrbs;emFavIkarBarkþICnCab;ecaT
nYn Ca faedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIKWCaPaKIenAkñúgsMNuMerOg
dUecñHKat;mansiT§iniyayTaMgGgÁehtu nigGgÁc,ab; enAkñúg
eBleFVIskçIkmμ. elakemFavI eBC GgÁ )anbnþeTotfa enA
eBlEdledImbNþwgrdæb,evNIpþl;skçIkmμGMBIGgÁehtu KWmin
viFanNamYyGacEkERbzan³rbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI[eTA
CasakSI)aneLIy. eqøIytbeTAnwgbBaðaenH elakecARkm
hSg;m:ak LWEvg k¾)anelIkeLIgGMBIc,ab;km<úCaEdlcmøg
ecjBIc,ab;)araMg KWcat;TukedImbNþwgrdæb,evNICaPaKImYy
enAkñúerOgkþI. elakecARkmrUbenH)anbnþeTotfa edaysar
zan³enHedImbNþwgrdæb,evNImincaM)ac;s,fenaHeT ehIy
Gacpþl;skçIkmμGMBIBüsnkmμEdlxøÜnTTYlrg b¤GgÁehtuEdl
Bak;B½n§eTAnwgCnCab;ecaT)an.
enAéf¶TI7 ExFñÚ qñaM2011 enAeBlGgÁCMnuMCRmHeFVIkar
saksYreTAelIedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI emFavIGnþrCatirbs;Cn
Cab;ecaT eGog sarI KWelak ém:eXIl xaNav:as )aneFVIkar
kt;smÁal;nigesñIsuMeTAGgÁCMnuMCRmHmþgehIymþgeTotGMBIkar
sMu[mankarhamXat;cMeBaHkarR)aRs½yTak;TgKñarvagedIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNICamYynwgemFavIxø ÜnnigGñkepSgeTot.
elakemFavI xaNava:s )anbnþfa karR)aRs½yTak;TgenaH
GacnwgnaM[mankarb:HBal;dl;kareFVIskçIkmμ edaysarEt
karpþl;skçIkmμrbs;buKÁlenaHminTan;)anbBa©b;enAeLIy.
elak kaNav:as )anpþl;ehtuplfa enAkñúgc,ab;)araMg edIm
bNþwgrdæb,evNIminGaceFVIkarTak;TgCamYyemFavI)aneT
kñúgeBlsvnakarEdlkarN__enHvamanlkçN³pÞúyBICnCab;
ecaT. eqøIytbeTAnwgcMNucTaMgenaH shemFavInaMmuxtMNag
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI elakeBC GgÁ )aneqøIytbfa enAkñúg
krNIenHminKYrmankarEbgEcksiT§i[manlkçN³xusKñarvag
edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI nigCnCab;ecaTkñúgkarR)aRs½yTak;Tg
CamYyemFavIrbs;xøÜneLIy. elakeBC GgÁ )anGHGagfa
vanaM[manPaBminesμIKña edaysarCnCab;ecaTmansiTi§RbwkSa
eyabl;CamYyemFavIenARKb;dMNak;kal cMENkedImbNþwg
rdæb,evNIEbrCaminmanenaH. elakemFavIbnþeTotfaKμan
viFanNamYyEdlhamXat;min[edImbNþwgrdæb,evNICYb
24 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
CamYyemFavIrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgkrNIenHeT. bEnßmeTAelIkar
elIkeLIgrbs;elak eBC GgÁ emFavItMNagedImbNþwgrdæ
b,evNI elak emgXI )aneFVIkarCMTas;TaMgRsúgeTAelIkar
elIkeLIgrbs;emFavIkarBarkþI elak xaNav:as fa kareFVI
EbbenHvanaM[xuseTAnwgTMenomTmøab;kñúgkarGnuvtþc,ab;enA
km<úCa nigviFanépÞkñúgEdlGnuBaØat[edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI
mansiT§iTTYlkarkarBarplRbeyaCn_rbs;xøÜnenARKb;dMNak;
kal. dUecñHkarR)aRs½yTak;Tgrbs;edImbNþwgrdæb,evNI
CamYyemFavIrbs;xøÜn KWCasiT§imYyEdlKμannrNamñak;Gac
eRCótERCk)aneLIy ehIysiT§ienHk¾dUcCasiT§iR)aRs½y
Tak;Tgrbs;emFavIkarBarCnCab;ecaTCamYykUnkþIrbs;xøÜn
Edr. PøamenaH edaysarbBaðaEdlPaKIelIkeLIgman
lkçN³dEdl²elakRbFanecARkm nil Nun )aneFVIkar
bBa¢ak;GMBIviFan88¬2¦. viFanenHkMNt;sRmab;EtCnCab;
ecaT sakSI nigGñkCMnajbu:eNÑaH EdlmintRmÚv[mankar
R)aRs½yTak;TgKña ehIyenHKWCakarbBa¢ak;[eXIjBIzan³
xusKñarvagedImbNþwgrdæb,evNI nigsakSI. edayeyageTA
elIviFanenHdEdledImbNþwgrdæb,evNImintMrUv[s,fenA
eBleFVIskçIkmμ ehIyKat;mansiTi§TamTarsMNgEdlsakSIBuM
mansiT§ienHeLIy. elakRbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmH RKan;EtbBa¢ak;
y:agxøIfaedImbNþwgrdæb,evNIGacTak;TgCamYyemFavIrbs;
xøÜnedayesrI.
enAkñúgéf¶TI15 ExFñÚ qñaM2011 xN³eBlEdlsh
RBHraCGaCJakMBugtaMgsMNYrelICnCab;ecaT nYn Ca GMBIesovePA
mYyk,alEdlmanbTsmÖasn_EdlCnCab;ecaTrUbenH)an
eFVICamYynwgelak eft sm,tþi mkeFIVkarsaksYredjedal
elakemFavI sun GruN EdlCaemFavIkarBar[CnCab;ecaT
nYn Ca )aneFIVkarbdiesFeTAnwgkarelIkeLIgenaH. elak
emFavI GruN )anGHGagfa esovePAenaHKWminGacykCa
kar)aneT eRBaHmanPasaEtmYy KWGg;eKøs edayminmanCa
PasaExμr nig)araMg. elakbnþeTotfa esovePAenHeXIj
manlk;enAÉpSar ehIyesovePAenHmindwgfashRBHraC
GaCJa)anBINaedIm,ImkeRbIR)as;pøÚvkarenaHeT KWxøÜnminTTYl
sÁal;CapøÚvkareT. eBlenaHelakRbFanGgÁCMnMuCRmHyl;
fa karCMTas;rbs;elakemFavI sun GruN smRsb ehIy
bgÁab;[shRBHraCGaCJaminRtÚvsYredjedalBIesovePA
EdlelIkeLIgenaHeLIy eRBaHesovePAenHminTan;)andak;
enAcMeBaHmuxGgÁCMnMuCRmHenAeLIy. karsYrTak;Tgnwgxøwmsar
enAkñúgesovePAenHGgÁCMnMuCRmHminTan;)anseRmcenAeLIy.
Tak;TgnwgbBaðaenH elakemFavIGnþrCatikarBarkþICnCab;
ecaT exov sMpn )anesñIeTAGgÁCMnMuCRmH[kMNt;GMBIeBl
evlasmRsbEdlGacelIkykbBaðaénkardak;PsþútagenH
mkseRmc. bnÞab;BIkarBiPakSarvagecARkmenAkñúgsvnakar
rYcmk RbFan GgÁCMnMuCRmHelakecARkm nil Nun RbKl;
Parkic©eTA[elakecARkm hSg;m:ak LWEvg kñúgkareqøIytb
eTAnwgsMeNIenH. elakecARkm LWEvg )aneqøIytbfa GgÁ
CMnMuCRmH)anTTYlnUvkardak;ÉksarBIPaKIenaH ehIyvaRtÚv
kareBlevlaCaeRcInkñúgkarseRmc. dUcenHGgÁCMnMuCRmH
nwgeFVIkarseRmcenAedImqñaMeRkayenH edaymansvnakar
BiessmYysRmab;viPaKeTAelIkarbgðajPsþútag FatupSMén
PsþútagEdlmankarBak;B½n§mYycMnYneTAnwgdIkadMeNaHRsay
edIm,IseRmcBIPaBTTYlyk)anénPsþútagnigkarvaytémø
énPsþútagnImYy².
enAkñúgGMLúgeBlsvnakarsþIBIkarsYredjedal nig
BinitüPsþútag eXIjfamankarrGak;rGYlEpñkbec©keTs
mYycMnYn edayeBlxøHGñktamdandMeNIrkarnItviFIBIsal
svnakarsaFarN³min)anTTYlsMeLg eBlxøHmansMeLg
ecjBIbnÞb;rbs;GñkbkERbPasa EdlelIkeLIgfa xøÜnmin
)anTTYlsMeLgBIkñúgbnÞb;svnakar EdlRtÚvesñIsMueTAecARkm
b¤PaKI[niyaysaCafμImþgeTot.
RbtikmμCMuvijesckþIEføgkarN_rbs;CnCab;ecaT
QQUUkk EEkkbb GGaayyuu5522qqññaaMM mmkkBBIIeexxttþþeeBBaaFF××ssaatt;; eennAAPPUUmmii
bbwwggcckk XXMMuussüüaa RRssuukkkkeeNNþþóógg eexxttþþeeBBaaFF××ssaatt;;..
´)ansþab;elak nYn Ca ´KitfaGVIEdlKat;niyayKW
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 25
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
)at;karBiteRcIn dUcEdlKat;niyayfa kñúgsm½yhñwg[hUb
mYyéf¶bIeBl EtebIkalenaH´enAkñúgrbbhñwgEdr KWmindUc
BaküKat;faeT eTaHbIenAextþeBaF×sat;eFVIRsÚv)aneRcIn EtGt;
[RbCaCnhUbRKb;RKan;eT KW[hUbbbrBIreBlv:al;Evk
EckKñamYykMb:ug40nak;. enAeBlKat;niyayfadUcenH KW´
manGarmμN_xwg EtnwkeXIjfaTb;citþ ehIyGVIEdl´cg;)anKW
[Kat;niyaykarBit enAeBlEdlKat;niyayfaGt;dwg
´dUcCaGn;citþeRBaHRKÜsarrbs;´RtÚv)aneKykeTAsmøab;
ecal ehIyRKÜsarbgRsIrbs;´RtÚv)aneKykeTAsmøab;
TaMgGs;edaysarbþIrbs;Kat;Føab;eFVITah‘an ln; nl;.
eellaakk ssaann;; rruunn mmkkBBIIXXMMuubbJJssSSIIRRkkaass RRssuukkeemmaaggbbJJssSSII
eexxttþþ))aatt;;ddMMbbgg..
elak run )anmanRbsasn_fa karN_Edlelak nYn
Ca niyayfaKat;mindwgBIkarsmøab;enArbbkm<úCaRbCaFib
etyü KW´mineCO eRBaHKat;CaGñkkan;cgáÚt dUcenHebIKat;min
bBa¢a enaHKμannrNah‘an. cMENkkarEdlKat;niyayfa
mankarhUbRKb;RKan;enaH ´rwtEtmineCOmYyryPaKry
eRBaHenAkñúgkardæannImYy² GgármYykMb:ugRtÚvhUbBI30eTA
40nak;k¾man eK[hUbbbrsuT§EtTwk KWsøab;nwgGt;)ay
eRcInNas;.mYyéf¶eK[hUbEtBIreBlKat;niyayPaKeRcIn
CaBaküPUtPr karN_EdlKat;niyayfarbbkm<úCaRbCaFib
etyühUb1éf¶bIeBl RBwk éf¶ l¶ac nigmanbEg¥m KWniyay
kuhk eRBaHminEdl)anbEg¥mhUbeT.
mm::aann ssUURRtt GGaayyuu7788qqññaaMM mmkkBBIIRRssuukk))aarr::aayy eexxttþþkkMMBBgg;;FFMM..
elak sURt )ancUlrYmsþab;svanakar ehIyenAeBl
EdlKat;)anlWCnCab;ecaT nYn Ca niyayBIkarbriePaK
GaharmYyéf¶bIdg elakmanRbtikmμfa {karN_EdlKat;
niyayfa rbbGahar3eBlenaH KWvaGt;RtÚv eRBaHCMnan;
enaH)anEtBIreBlenaHBi)akpg bbrTaMgRBwk TaMgl¶ac Et
CYnkalman)ayxøH cMENkbEg¥mminEdlman.´manGarmμN_
xwgeRBaHKat;niyayminRtÚv ehIyeBlRBHraCGaCJasYr Kat;
EtgEtniyayBegVógmineqøIy dUcenHGVIEdl´cg;)an KWsMu[
niyayEtRtÚvmkfa ebIBIreBlfaBIreBl ebIbIeBlfabIeBl
niyayykEtRtÚv}.
llIIss ssMMbbUUrr eePPTTRRbbúúss GGaayyuu5555qqññaaMM rrss;;eennAAXXuuMMCCbb;;vv::aarrII
RRssúúkkRRBBHHeennRRttRRBBHH eexxttþþbbnnÞÞaayymmaannCC½½yy..
eBlB¤ nYn Ca niyayfamYyéf¶[)ayRbCaCnhUb
bIeBlenaH ´mankarxwgxøaMgNas; BIeRBaHkalCMnan;enaHeK
[´hUbEtbbrBIreBlbu:eNÑaH ehIyminEdlmanbEg¥mGI
enaHeT EtebIeBlcUlqñaM)anmþg. eK[eyIgeFVIkareRcIn Et
minEdl)anhUbeT ehIykarniyayEbbenH KWCakare)ak
R)as;eyIgeT. kalenaHeFVIERs)aneRcInEdr bu:Enþmindwgfa
eKykRsÚveTANa.
mm::kk;; vvNNÑÑII eePPTTRRbbúúss GGaayyuu5511qqññaaMM mmuuxxrrbbrrCCaakkssiikkrr
rrss;;eennAAPPUUmmiiRRssúúkkRRBBHHeennRRttRRBBHH eexxttþþbbnnÞÞaayymmaannCC½½yy..
kalCMnan;ExμrRkhm´eFVIkarenAkñúgkgcl½telIkGag
RtBaMgfμ ehIykarhUbcukCYbkarlM)akeRcInmanEt)aymYy
can Gt;manmðÚbeT hUbCamYyTwkRbhukdl;eRkaymkGt;
man)ayeTmanEtbbrehIyeFVIkarTaMgyb;TaMgéf¶. kñúgry³
eBlEdlKat;kan;GMNacbIqñaM R)aMbIEx émÖéf¶enaH ´minEdl
)anhUbbEg¥meT ehIydl;eBlB¤Kat;niyayGIcwg´Gn;citþ
ekþARkhayNas; eRBaHfaKat;CaGñkdwknaMTaMgmUlKat;famin
dwg ehIykarniyaydUecñH RKan;EtCakarniyayedaHsaryk
rYcxøÜnbu:eNÑaH.
ppgg;; ccrriiyyaa eePPTTRRssII GGaayyuu2211qqññaaMM CCaanniissSSiitteennAAssaakkll
vviiTTüüaall½½yyCCaattiiRRKKbb;;RRKKgg EEppññkknnIIttiissaa®®ssþþ..
´yl;fakarelIkeLIgrbs; nYn Ca niyayfaKat;
karBarCati bu:Enþ´KitfakarEdlKat;eFVIenaHKWkarbMpøajCati
eTAvijeT BIeRBaHebIKat;karBarCatiKat;minbeNþay[RbCaCn
Exμr Føak;cUleTAkñúgrbbExμrRkhm EdlnaM[mankarxUcxat
eRcInTaMgCIvitmnusS karEbk)ak;RKÜsar salaeron mnÞIr
eBTüCaedIm. ebItamsþab;«Bukmþay Kat;Føab;R)ab;´fa
enAsm½yExμrRkhm eKeFIV)abRbCaCn bg¥t;)ay nig[eFIV
kareRcIn.
26 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
tulakarkMBUlseRmcbdiesFkarbgÁab;[edaHElg
eGog FIriT§ edayKμanlkçxNÐrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHsala
dMbUg
enAéf¶TI14 ExFñÚ qñaM2011 tulakarkMBUlénGgÁCMnMu
CRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCa)an ecjesckþIseRmcmYy
edaymanmtiPaKeRcInelIslb; seRmcbdiesFelIesckþI
seRmcrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgEdl)anbgÁab;[edaH
Elg CnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§ eday\tmanlkçxNÐ tam
BakübNþwgeTAGgÁCMnMuCRmHtulakarkMBUlrbs;shRBHraC
GaCJa cuHéf¶TI18 Exviciäka qñaM2011. enAkñúgbNþwg]T§rN_
enaH shRBHraCGaCJaelIkeLIgfa GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg
)anseRmcedaHElgCnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§ edayEp¥keTA
elIGgÁehtu nigGgÁc,ab;EdlmankMhus nig)anGnuvtþn_nUv
qnÞanusiTi§rbs;xøÜnedayminsmRsb. shRBHraCGaCJa)an
esñIsMueTAGgÁCMnMu CRmHtulakarkMBUl[eFIVemaXPaBeTAelI
esckþIseRmcrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg EdlbgÁab;[
edaHElgCnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§ edayKμanlkçxNÐ nigesñIsMu
[EkERbeTAelIesckþIseRmcenaH edaybnþdak;CnCab;ecaT
[enAsßitenAkñúgmnÞIrXMuXaMgedImI,TTYlkarBinitüeraKvinicä½y
b¤karBüa)alepSg² nigeFIVkarBinitüsaCafμIenAerogral;6
Exmþg dUcCakarENnaMrbs;GñkCMnajEdl Føab;)aneFIVeLIg
enAkñúgsvnakar.
Bak;B½n§nwgkarkMNt;BIsm,Tarbs;CnCab;ecaT eGog
FIriT§ kñúgkarcUlrYmsvnakar GgÁCMnMuCRmHéntulakarkMBUl
)anelIkeLIgfa GgÁCMnuMCRmHsaladMbUgmankMhuseday
xkxanmin)anRbwgERbg[Gs;BIlT§PaBkñ úgkarcat;viFan
karBüa)al dUcEdlGñkCMnaj)anpþl;Gnusasn_edIm,I[
suxPaBsμartIrbs;CnCab;ecaTmanPaBRbesIreLIg.1
GgÁCMnMuCRmHtulakarkMBUl)anbEnßmfa {edayBicarNaelI
karrkeXIjrbs;GñkCMnajevC¢sa®sþ nigedaykt;smÁal;
elIkarkMNt;BIsm,TakñúgkarcUlrYmsvnakarEdlCabBaða
Ktiyutþ GgÁCMnuMCMrHtulakarkMBUlyl;eXIjfa ral;viFankar
EdlGaceFVI)ankñúgkareFVI[suxPaBsμartIrbs;CnCab;ecaT
RbesIreLIgenaH minRtÚv)anriHrkenaHeT}.2 GgÁCMnMuCRmH
salakMBUl)anpþl;sMGagehtufa {eyabl;rbs;evC¢bNÐit
cn xaMEb‘l EdlENnaM[sakl,geRbIfñaM Donepezil Gac
manRbsiT§iPaBcMnYn 33PaKry KWbgðajGMBIPvnIyPaBEdl
minKYrRtÚv)anbdiesFtamTsSn³énplRbeyaCn_saFarN³
enAkñúgkarkat;esckþI}.3 eRkABIGnuvsasn_rbs;evC¢bNÐit
cn xaMEb‘l GgÁCMnM uCRmHtulakarkMBUl)aneyageTAelI
r)aykarN_rbs;GñkCMnajEpñkviklviTüaEdl)anpþl;Gnu
sasn_fa {karrkSacMnYnbuKÁlik nigbuKÁlikdEdl karrkSa[
manbrisßandEdl karbt;EbnedIm,IsRmbeTAnwglT§PaB
ERbRbÜlrbs;Kat; kareFVIlMhat;R)aNedaymankarvay
témø nigdMbUnμanBIGñkÉkeTsBüa)alEpñksrIr³ enAeBlEdl
RtÚvkar nigkarKaMRTkarcUlrYmkñúgskmμPaBEdl Kat;eBjcitþ.
bEnßmelIenHkmμviFICMrujstibBaØaEdlmanrcnasm<½n§Rtwm
RtÚvGacCYy)anEdr bu:EnþkmμviFIEbbenHRtÚvGnuvtþcMeBaHGñk
Edl)anTTYlkarhVwkhat; nigsßitenAeRkamkarRtÜtBinitü.
bEnßmelIenH karBüa)alCgÁg; nigkarQWcab;xñgrbs; eGog
FIriT§ nigkarBinitütamdanCaRbcaMeTAelIsuxPaBragkay
rbs;Kat; KWCakarsMxan;EdlRtÚveFVI. karbnþBüa)alelI
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa 27
segátkarN_ ³ dMeNIrkat;eTasemdwknaMExμrRkhm
1esckþIseRmcelIbNþwgsaTukçPøam²RbqaMgnwgesckþIseRmcrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg EdlbgÁab;[edaHElgCnCab;ecaT eGog
FIriT§ cuHéf¶TI14 ExFñÚ qñaM2011Éksarelx E138/1/7 kfaxNÐTI37 ¬esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl Éksarelx E138/1/7¦.
2esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl Éksarelx E138/1/7 kfaxNÐTI37.
3esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl Éksarelx E138/1/7 kfaxNÐTI35.
sßanPaBevC¢sa®sþBIrEdlmanGtßiPaBrYmKñanwgeFVI[lT§PaB
énkarCasHes,Iyrbs;Kat;mankarekIneLIg. eyIg´kt;
smÁal;eXIjfa minmanGñkCMnajBüa)altamEbbeFVI[
skmμPaBBiessenaHeTenAkñúgRbeTskm<úCa bu:EnþRbsinebI
mankarvaytémøelIskmμPaBénkarrs;enARbcaMéf¶rbs;Kat;
GacmanRbeyaCn_ ehIydMbUnμansþIBIkarEksRmÜlNamYy
eTAelIbrisßanrs;enArbs;Kat;KYrRtÚvEsVgrk}.4
cMeBaHbBaðakaredaHElgCnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§ [enA
eRkAXMu GgÁCMnMuCRmHéntulakarkMBUl)anelIkeLIgfa {GgÁ
CMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgmankMhuskñúgkarsnñidæanfa xøÜnminman
mUldæankñúgkarbnþXMuxøÜnCnCab;ecaTteTAeTot EdlCalT§pl
énkaryl;eXIjBIPaBminmansm,Ta karbMEbkbTecaT nig
karp¥akdMeNIrkarnItiviFI}.5 GgÁCMnMuCRmHtulakarkMBUlpþl;
ehtuplfa GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgGaceRbIR)as;nUvral;
viFankarEdlmanedIm,IGacCYydl;CnCab;ecaT eGog FIriT§ [
mansm,TakñúgkarcUlrYmsvnakar. dUcenHGgÁCMnM uCRmH
tulakarkMBUlyl;eXIjfa mUldæan
EdlmanBImunEdlGgÁCMnMuCRmHsala
dMbUgykmkeFVICasm¥agehtukñúgkar
bnþXMuxøÜnCnCab;ecaTCabeNþaHGasnñ
RtÚvmansuBlPaBdEdl eBalKW
edIm,IFanavtþmanrbs;CnCab;ecaT
eGog FIriT§ kñúgGMLúgeBlsvnakar.
enAkñúgesckþIseRmcrbs;xøÜn
GgÁCMnMuCRmHtulakarkMBUlbgÁab;fa
GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUg edayman
karBiPakSaCamYyGñkevC¢sa®sþ nig
EpñkvilcriksmRsb RtÚvesñI[mankarBüa)albEnßmdl;
CnCab;ecaTEdlGacCYy[suxPaBEpñksμartIrbs;CnCab;
ecaT)anRbesIreLIgedIm,I[CnCab;ecaTGacmansμartI
cUlrYmsvnakar)an. karBüa)alenHRtÚvEteFVIeLIgkñúg
mnÞIreBTü b¤kEnøgdéTeTotEdlsmRsbenAkñúgRBHraCaNacRk
km<úCa. CnCab;ecaTRtÚvTTYlkarBinitüBIGñkCMnajEpñk
evC¢sa®sþ Epñkviklcrik nig/b¤Epñkcitþsa®sþ min[elIsBI
ry³eBl6Ex cab;BIeBlcab;epþImBüa)almk. bnÞab;mk
GgÁCMnMuCRmHsaladMbUgRtÚvkMNt;BIsm,Tarbs;CnCab;ecaT
kñúgkarcUlrYmsvnakaredayminmankarBnüaeBl.
GgÁCMnMuCRmHtulakarkMBUl)anseRmcfa karXMuxø Ün
CnCab;ecaTRtÚvGnuvtþenAkñúgmnÞIrXMuXaMgrbs;GgÁCMnMuCRmH
visamBaØkñ úgtulakarkm<úCa rhUtdl;eBlkarerobcMcat;
EcgcaM)ac;nana sRmab;karBüa)albEnßmenAkñúgmnÞIreBTü b¤
kEnøgsmRsbdéTeTotRtÚv)anbMeBjrYcral;.6
Binitü nigepÞógpÞat;eday v:an;fan; eBAdar:a
28 mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
4esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl Éksarelx E138/1/7 kfaxNÐTI36.
5esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl Éksarelx E138/1/7 kfaxNÐTI40.
6esckþIseRmcrbs;tulakarkMBUl Éksarelx E138/1/7 EpñkseRmcesckþI.
eeGGoogg FFIIrriiTT§§ ¬¬rrUUbbfftt ³³ GG>>vv>>tt>>kk¦¦
QQuunnllII TTYl)an
briBaØab½Rtc,ab; BIsakl
viTüal½yPUminÞnItisa®sþ
nigviTüasa®sþesdækic©.
ssuuCCaattaa CanisSitfñak;
briBaØab½RtEpñkc,ab; sikSa
CaPasaGg;eKøsenAsakl
viTüal½yPUminÞnItisa®sþ
nigviTüasa®sþesdækic©.
CC½½yyTTttþþ TTYl)an
briBaØab½Rtc,ab; BIsakl
viTüal½yPUminÞnItisa®sþ
nigviTüasa®sþesdækic©.
C½yTtþ CaGtItC½ylaPI
fñak;CatienAkñúgkarRbkYt
svnakarRbDit qñaM2010.
RR))aaffññaa TTYl)an
briBaØab½Rtc,ab; BIsakl
viTüal½yPUminÞnItisa®sþ
nigviTüasa®sþesdækic©.
R)afña sBVéf¶kMBugeRtóm
RbLgsikSaviC¢aCIv³emFavI
enAkm<úCa.
llwwmm CC½½yyTTttþþ ccaann RR))aaffññaaqqaayy QQuunnllII DDII ssuuCCaattaa¬¬
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa
RbGb;sMbuRtelx1110/ PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa
TUrs½BÞ ³ ¬855¦ 23 211 875
TUrsar ³ ¬855¦ 23 210 358
GuIEm:l ³ [email protected]
eKhTMB½r ³ www.dccam.org b¤ www.cambodiatribunal.org
KeRmagenHTTYlCMnYyhirBaØvtßúBImUlniFi
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and
British Embassy-Cambodia.
mCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa rkSasiT§i ExFñÚ qñaM2011eexxoovv ssMMppnn kkññúúggbbnnÞÞbb;;ssvvnnaakkaarr EExxFFññÚÚ qqññaaMM22001111 ¬¬rrUUbbfftt ³³ GG>>vv>>tt>>kk¦¦