Evidences of evolution
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Transcript of Evidences of evolution
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Evidences of evolution
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1.Paleontologyor the Fossil Record
• The surface layers have more complex land animals• The middle layer early vertebrates and amphibians• The bottom layer hassimple aquatic organisms
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The fossils are formed in sedimentary rock.
Organisms are buried as each new layer of sediment covers the organisms.
The hard parts make a mold in the sediments.Minerals deposit in the molds and make a perfect cast or copy of the organism.Some organisms leave traces of their presence that can also be fossilized, such as foot prints, excrement, or nests
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Cool Canadian Stuff to see before you die
• Burgess Shales, Yoho national Park,BC (on top of the Rockies)
• Soft bodied marine organisms 540 million years old (middle Cambrian)
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Royal Tyrell Museum, Drumheller, Alberta
• Albertasaurus
• Tricerotops•
Ankylosaurus
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La Brea Tar Pits California
• Whole organisms mummified having drowned in the tar
Woolly Mammoth
Sabre tooth Tiger
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2. Comparative Anatomyor Homologous structures in Mammals
• The arms don’t look the same.• The arms have different functions.• The bone structure in the arms is the same.• It comes from a common ancestor
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3. Developmental EmbryologyPhylogeny mimics Ontology
• Our evolution is mirrored in our embryonic development.
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The longer our embryos are the same the more closely we are related evolutionarily
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4. Comparative molecular BiologyProteins, Genes, DNA
This is an evolutionary tree of theEnzyme cytochrome-p450
The more differences there are in the Amino acid sequence the less they are related
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DNA comparison or Hybridization
• Denaturing: if you heat DNA it pulls apart.• If you mix it with denatured DNA from another
species and cool it they will aneal or the complementary parts will stick together.
• If you heat it a second time they will separate.• The more complementary base pairs they have the
hotter the temperature needed to pull them apart. • Species with lots of complementary base pairs are
closer evolutionarily.
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5. BiogeographyGlobal distribution of plants and animals, Continental drift
In the Galapagos and ancestor finch blew in on a storm from Equador. The finch then adapted to its new environment. New species arose.This is called adaptive radiation.
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The closer the islands the more closely related the species.
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• As continents moved apart climate changes would also cause adaptive radiation.
• Similar fossils and living species are found in areas once closely connected
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Bibliography• "The principle of homology illustrated." ask.com. Web. 7 Apr 2011.
<http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://rpmedia.ask.com/ts%3Fu%3D/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Evolution_pl.png/410px-Evolution_pl.png&imgrefurl=http://www.ask.com/wiki/Evidence_of_common_descent&usg=__1dlCi6ea5zjXilGbiIRJha3ki1U=&h=1578&w=2222&sz=769&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=9B5td1rG_lA8_M:&tbnh=142&tbnw=200&ei=Qv-dTYuJD42I0QH-9qzFBA&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHomologous%2Bstructures%2Bin%2BMammals%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1276%26bih%3D599%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1"mammalian forelimbs: homologous structures." charleswardle.com. Web. 7 Apr 2011. <http://www.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2587/3978533505_1f7066c09d.jpg&imgrefurl=http://charleswardle.com/evidence-for-evolution-homology-%25E2%2580%2593-similarities-between-creatures/&usg=__KOOGRACk_WRVl1gTZqIJTZqnu6Q=&h=255&w=500&sz=90&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=5V8DnvK0cWRkEM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=207&ei=VgCeTby4OtK00QHprNiiBA&prev=/images%3Fq%3DHomologous%2Bstructures%2Bin%2BMammals%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1276%26bih%3D599%26gbv%3D2%26tbm%3Disch&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=550&vpy=98&dur=8924&hovh=160&hovw=315&tx=185&ty=143&oei=VgCeTby4OtK00QHprNiiBA&page=1&ndsp=16&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0>.