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Transcript of Everything you didn’t want to know but need to pass the test mrshipleysclassroom.wikispaces.com.
THE MIDDLE EAST
Everything you didn’t want to know but need to pass the test
mrshipleysclassroom.wikispaces.com
BASICS
Three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe
Four resources: Oil, copper, salt and phosphate
Home to Arabs, Jews, Christians, Palestinians and various combinations of those groups.
Arab: Anyone whose native language is Arabic.
SUMERIANS(WHO WERE THEY, WHERE DID THEY DEVELOP THEIR CIVILIZATION)
First civilization in the Middle EastLocated in the Fertile Crescent
Settled there because of water supply, lots of food and good soil for growing crops.
Believed the gods were the cause of all disasters and good fortune.
PHOENICIANS (WHAT DID THEY DEVELOP)?
Developed the alphabet which has become the one used today.
Spread their culture without a centralized empire through small city-states and trade.
CREATION OF ISRAEL (WHAT YEAR AND HOW?)-
Israel was created in 1948 by the United Nations.
Immediately attacked by Arab neighbors
Its creation led to several wars that allowed it to expand and gain more land.
Creation of Israel destroyed Palestine, displaced Palestinians.
Palestinians control Gaza Strip and West Bank
SADDAM HUSSEIN
Ruler of Iraq who was involved in the Persian Gulf war, the Iran/Iraq war and the Iraq war.
Leader of the Baath Party who used terror and violence to solve problems, even against his own people.
Came to power through the military.
Tried and hanged because of Massacre at Dujail, when he killed 148 people.
ISLAM
Followers are called Muslims. Mosques are holy worship sites for
Muslims. Five Pillars:
Prayer Fasting Charity Pilgrimage Declaration
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Millets- Non-Muslim areas controlled by the Ottoman Empire that were ruled by their own religious leaders but owed tribute to the sultan.
Dardanelles – Straits that provided access to Ottoman Empire from Europe, were critical in both the Siege of Constantinople and World War I.
Janissaries – Elite guard of the Ottoman Empire, first to wear uniforms. Formed under Mehmed II
Chose to expand west because it was Christian, not Muslim controlled.
OTTOMANS AND CONSTANTINOPLE
Mehmed II- Ottoman Ruler who successfully took Constantinople from the Byzantine Empire in 1453
Ottomans (Muslim) vs. Byzantine Empire (Christian)
Importance: When the city fell and the Christians fled to Europe it brought the ideas of the Middle East to Europe and caused the Renaissance.
SIEGE OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Cannons – Orban designed huge cannon to destroy the walls, largely ineffective.
Boom – Large chain strung across the Golden Horn to prevent Mehmed’s ships from surrounding the city.
Tunnels – Ottomans dug but Byzantines caught and put mines on the ground to prevent.
Kerkoporta- Gate left open by Byzantine troops that allowed Ottomans to get into the city.
WORLD WAR I AND THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Ottoman empire in decline Eastern question Ottomans support Germany and
Austria/Hungary France and Britain attempt to take
Istanbul through Dardanelles, Mustafa Kemal defends.
ATATURK
Mustafa Kemal, renamed Father of the Turks.
Lead Turkish Youth Day revolution on May 19, 1919.
Created modern Turkey and moved capital from Istanbul (originally Constantinople) to Ankara.
ATATURK’S REFORMS
Gave women the right to vote, own property
Implemented surnames Removed Religious law from
constitution Removed requirement that
women wear headgear Created Public education system.
THREE RELIGIONS
Christianity, Judaism and Islam What do they have in common?
Believe in Father figure of Abraham Believe in existence of Jesus Christ Believe in prayer, good works and holy
book None condone adultery Have a holy site in Jerusalem
HOLY BOOKS
Judaism: The Torah
Christianity: The Bible (Old Testament is the Torah.)
Islam: The Qu’ran
HOLY SITES IN JERUSALEM
Islam: Dome of the Rock: Where Muhammad
ascended to Heaven Judaism:
Western Wall: Last wall of the temple of Herod, believed to be where God resides on Earth.
Christianity: Church of the Holy Sepulchre – Believed to be
where Jesus was crucified, buried and resurrected
PERSIANS ENCOURAGED TRADE BY … Building good roads
Encouraging peace in the empire
Developing universal system of coinage