Animals are broadly divided into vertebrates and invertebrates. Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates.
EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT:. WHAT MAIN CHARACTERISTIC IS SHARED BY ALL VERTEBRATES?
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Transcript of EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT:. WHAT MAIN CHARACTERISTIC IS SHARED BY ALL VERTEBRATES?
EVERYTHING YOU ALWAYS WANTED TO KNOW ABOUT:
WHAT MAIN CHARACTERISTIC
IS SHARED
BY ALL VERTEBRATES?
IF YOU SAID BACKBONE, YOU ARE CORRECT!
VERTEBRATES ARE MEMBERS OF THE PHYLUM CHORDATO - (from the name notochord)also called Chordates
CHORDATE Characteristics:
At some time in life they have: NOTOCHORD, or nerve cord - a rod like structure that supports back.
Your NOTOCHORD
is your spinal cord - It’s the
connection between the
brain and the nerves
SOME VERTEBRATES have backbone made of CARTILAGE (connective tissue - softer than bone but still strong!
•Backbones run down center of back.
•Made up of VERTEBRAE lined up in a row.
•Joints between vertebrae give you flexibility
EACH VERTEBRAE HAS A HOLE IN IT THAT THE SPINAL CORD GOES THRU - like fingers fit into rings
COW
FISH
BACKBONE
The backbone is part of the ENDOSKELETON (internal skeleton). It’s job:
•SUPPORT
•PROTECT
•GIVES BODY SHAPE
•A PLACE FOR MUSCLES TO ATTACH
Endoskeleton also includes the skull(protects brain as u see in my picture), ribs(protects organs), arm and leg bones (help you move)..but YOU already knew that!
How can you tell the difference between types of vertebrates?
BODY TEMPERATURE
Fish, amphibians, reptiles are ECTOTHERMS - body temp. changes with environment.
Birds and mammals are ENDOTHERMS - body controls temp by controlling internal heat it produces.
One last fact about vertebrates:One last fact about vertebrates:
Chordates have slits in their throat called PHARYNGEAL
Most other vertebrates have their
pharyngeal slits disappear before birth.
PHARYNX
Fish keep these slits all their lives as part of their gills.
PHARYNGEAL SLITS
FISH
HOW DO FISH USE THEIR GILLS?
WHAT ARE THE 3 GROUPS OF FISH?
FISH:FISH:
• vertebrates that live in water
•fins for movement
•ectothermic
•gills to breathe
•have scales - overlapping plates that protect skin
OBTAINING O2
Fish swim along, open their mouth
& take in H20The H20 moves thru mouth to
gillsgills
GILLSGILLS: feather-like structures - red in color due to blood vessels in them.
H20 flows over gills O2 moves into blood C02 flows out into H20
Like all vertebrates, fish have a closed circulatory system. The heart pumps blood
in a loop:
HEART GILLS BODY HEART
MOVEMENT
FINS: thin membrane
stretched across bony supports
FEEDING
FISH have highly developed nervous systems and sense organs to help in
capturing food and avoiding predators
Well, not like this…..more like….
Their eyesight is better than yours (remember there is
less light under water)
Sharks can smell and even taste a tiny amount of blood - as little as one drop- in 115 liters of water!
That is 57.5 two liter sodas!
AND some fish have taste organs in the most unusual places. Catfish
have taste organs on their whiskers!
FEEDING
Some fish like the
barracuda have sharp
teeth for stabbing
food
Others, like trout have short blunt teeth for gripping &
crushing insects
Filter Feeders like the Basking Shark and Manta Ray use comb-like structures on their gills to filter tiny plants and animals from the water.
Fish Reproduction
Most fish have external fertilization: as female
releases eggs, male spreads a cloud of sperm
over them.
Some fish like guppies and sharks have internal fertilization: when
the eggs are mature enough to live on their own, female gives birth.
Biologists classify fish into 3 groups:
Jawless Fishes
•Bony Fishes
•Cartilaginous FishesThey are grouped according to their mouth
structure and type of skeleton
JAWLESS FISH
Jawless Fish
•No scales
•skeletons made of cartilage
•one fin (no pairs of fins)
•jawless mouth scrapes, stabs and sucks to get food
Lampreys are eel shaped parasites-use sharp teeth and suction-cup mouth to
feed
CARTILAGINOUS FISH
CARTILAGINOUS FISH
Sharks, Rays, Skates
•Skeletons made of cartilage
•Have jaws and pairs of fins
•Pointed, tooth-like scales cover bodies - rougher than sandpaper
•Carnivores
•Rays and Skates live on ocean floor - filter feeders - east mollusks, crustaceans, small fishes
CARTILAGINOUS FISH - Sharks
•Streamlined bodies for quick movement
•Mouth on bottom part of head
•Jagged teeth arranged in rows - 1st couple rows are for feeding - remaining rows are replacement teeth. If a tooth is lost, one from next row moves up (NO DENTURES EVER NEEDED!)
Sharks
SHARK TEETH ROWS
CARTILAGINOUS FISH - Sharks
•Swimming or currents move water over gills
•Spend most of time hunting for food - will attack anything that smells like food.
•Poor eyesight - that is why they swallow strange objects at times.
BONY FISH
BONY FISH
Most familiar fish are bony fish: trout, tuna, flounder, salmon,
goldfish, etc.
•Covered with scales
•Pocket on each side of head that holds gills - flap over gills opens to release water
BONY FISHSwim Bladder and Buoyancy
Fish neither sink or float. They have an organ called a SWIM BLADDER - sac that stabilizes body at different depths. It contains O2, nitrogen & CO2...
...if the gas is less the fish sinks lower - if it is more the fish moves higher in the water. The change in the gas volume affects the Buoyancy Force - force that water exerts
upward on any underwater object
Swim Bladder and Buoyancy
LESS
MORE
THINK BALLOONS!
Bony Fish Diversity
•Make up 95% of all fish species
• Live in salt and fresh water
•Some live in deep water and some in shallow