Events Leading Events Leading to theto the

Civil WarCivil War

Sectionalism DifferencesSectionalism DifferencesNORTHEAST SOUTH WEST

Economy Business and manufacturing

Cotton-growing Frontier and agriculture

Role of Government

Wanted tariffs

Backed internal improvements

Wanted end to cheap public land

Increasingly nationalistic

Opposed government spending

Increasingly supportive of states’ rights

Wanted federal government to sponsor internal improvements and cheap labor

Factors Contributing to Sectionalism

* different economic systems

* States’ Rights / Slavery

* Tariffs of 1828 and 1832

* Manifest Destiny

* Industrial Revolution

SectionalismSectionalism

Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:

- Evangelist / 2nd Great Awakening

- no longer pre destiny

- actions matter

- churches split

• Effects: - more conscience

- Christianity to slaves

- slaves viewed message as

promise of freedom

- Black churches develop

- 1st black national convention

Religion

p. 240

Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:

- no uniform policy

- school conditions varied

- almost no attendance laws

- classes not divided by grades

• Effects: - tax support for schools

- public funding for elementary

- increase in public school

attendance

- teacher training

Schools

p. 244

Mainly in the NE

Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:

- more working outside home

- lower wages

- no voting rights

- could not sit on jury

- possessions went to husband

• Effects: - Rallies/ Organized groups

- worked for reform movements

- Temperance movement

- Seneca Falls convention

- more schools open for women

Women

p. 254

Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:

- opening of more factories

- new technology

- new machines

- need for more labor force

• Effects: - more job opportunities/ unskilled

- increase in production

- immigrants & women in jobs

- development of unions

- regular hours & pay

Work-place

p. 259

How do they relate ??How do they relate ??• How does sectionalism relate to the

Civil War?

• How does the reform movement relate to the Civil War?

Economic differences, Cultural differences , the West expanded …all these caused more tension between the N & S

As the country developed and we saw needs for change/reform… slavery became a bigger issue

Events that Led to the Civil WarEvents that Led to the Civil War

1. Sectional differences1. Sectional differences 2. Abolitionist Movement 2. Abolitionist Movement 3. Doctrine of Nullification 3. Doctrine of Nullification 4. Missouri Compromise 4. Missouri Compromise 5. Wilmot Proviso 5. Wilmot Proviso 6. Compromise of 1850 6. Compromise of 1850 7. Kansas – Nebraska Act 7. Kansas – Nebraska Act 8. Bleeding Kansas 8. Bleeding Kansas 9. Lincoln – Douglas Debate 9. Lincoln – Douglas Debate10. Election of 186010. Election of 1860 www.coachgreer.com/Road_T

o_Civil_War_Timeline.htm

Causes for the Abolition Movement:Causes for the Abolition Movement:

Quakers - challenged slavery on religious grounds

Great Awakening Ministers - believed morally wrong; actions matter

Women - played a big role as reformers - understood being treated unfairly

Westward expansion - new territories kept slave issue in focus

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

Began in the 1830 – 40’s

Immediatists - wanted emancipation now - favored violence or force - more effective for public attention

Moderates - emancipation slow and gradual - nonviolent tactics - methods would win more public support

4 min

Opposition to Abolition:Opposition to Abolition:- Many Northerners were racist- Many Northerners were racist

- Southerners defense - Southerners defense * economic reasons * economic reasons * Antebellum South/ part of culture * Antebellum South/ part of culture * slaves not able to care for themselves * slaves not able to care for themselves

- Federal gov’t using the - Federal gov’t using the Gag RuleGag Rule (p.253)(p.253) * South refused to debate* South refused to debate

* adopted by Congress * could not discuss slavery issue

Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:

- religious beliefs

- reformers protesting

- publishing magazines

- women’s movement

• Effects: - Gag rule

- revolts

- states’ rights

Abolition

p. 248

Impact of Uncle Tom’s CabinImpact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Wakes people to the horrors of slavery• sold Millions

•When Lincoln meets Stowe, he says "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!"

Impact: help to add fuel to the burning desire to see slavery abolished

Antislavery Actions Proslavery Action

Antislavery Actions Proslavery ActionPublished The Liberator Defeat of VA motion

for abolition

North Star Tighter slave regulations

Formed antislavery society

1836 Gag rule

Nat Turner’s rebellion S. Congress refuse to debate

Underground railroad Fugitive Slave Act

p. 248-253

Free Northern Blacks Slaves in South

Free Northern Blacks Slaves in South

Racism / fear Labor in fields

Least desirable jobs Work in owners home

Low pay Some skilled jobs in factories

Joined abolitionist movement

Wages went to owners

Basic needs provided

Value as property

Journal – Nat TurnerHero or Madman???

Read in your textbook p. 252 about the

Nat Turner Rebellion

Based, on what you read, what kind of person do you think Nat Turner

was?

Nat Turner Timeline 1831Nat Turner Timeline 1831

Rebellion begins with Nat

and his men

Aug. 22 Aug. 23 Oct. 30

Nov. 11Nov. 5Nov. 1-2

Nat’s army dissembles after killing 55 white me,

women, children. Nat disappears

Nat is captured after 70 days

Thomas Gray visits Nat and

compiles The Confession of The Confession of

Nat TurnerNat Turner

Nat is hangedAt trial, Nat pleads his innocence but is found guilty and an insurgent and is sentences to be

hanged

Dies at noon

Journal – Harriet Tubman Painting

1.1. What are the objects in the painting?What are the objects in the painting?

2. What is the mood, or atmosphere of 2. What is the mood, or atmosphere of

the painting?the painting?

3. What details help create the mood?3. What details help create the mood?

4. How important are the stars, especially 4. How important are the stars, especially

the North Star, in the painting? the North Star, in the painting? ExplainExplain

5. Why might the snake be a good symbol 5. Why might the snake be a good symbol for the evils of slavery?for the evils of slavery?

No. 10

Harriet Tubman Series

Created by:Jacob Lawrence

Westward Expansion IssuesWestward Expansion Issues

Missouri Compromise 1820

Wilmot Proviso 1846

Compromise of 1850

Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854

Bleeding Kansas 1854-55

Missouri Compromise - Missouri Compromise - 18201820 • Balance of power ~ 11 free and 11 slave states

• Missouri applied for statehood ~ would cause unbalance ~ South expected to be slave

• Missouri enters – slave• Maine enter – free

• Rest of the LA territory be divided at 36 30' N latitude line (set by Congress)

~ Above free, below slave p. 222

Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise

Antebellum

South

Industrial North

Westward

settlement

Doctrine of NullificationDoctrine of Nullification

• John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun• 18321832• sovereign states had agreed tosovereign states had agreed to accept the Constitutionaccept the Constitution

• they could nullify anything they didthey could nullify anything they did not agree with inside the statenot agree with inside the state

• keep South from leaving the Unionkeep South from leaving the Union

• States’ Rights used for justificationStates’ Rights used for justification (p. 322-323)(p. 322-323)

Wilmot Proviso - 1846Wilmot Proviso - 1846• Propose: Propose: 1. territory from MX war remain “free soil” 2. California - free state 3. UT & NM terr. - closed to slavery • North North • SouthSouth

•Effect:Effect:

p. 306 & Reading guide

favoredfavoredagainst against (would unbalance (would unbalance Congress to favor N)Congress to favor N)

South threatened to secede from South threatened to secede from UnionUnion

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 - proposed by Henry Clay to Congress - hopes of satisfying the south

4 provisions: 1. CA admitted as a free state 2. UT & NM territories could choose (Free or Slave)

- Clay reintroduced popular sovereignty

3. Slave trade would be abolished in D.C. 4. Stricter Fugitive slave laws

Who does this compromise tend to favor Who does this compromise tend to favor

p. 307Why?Why?

Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 - divided NE territory into 2 states

- initial purpose: create opportunities for a Transcontinental RR

- KS & NE should be free (north of the 36’ 30 line)

- Passing repeals the Missouri Compromise

- will established popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty (states right to choose)

- President Pierce signed the K-N bill into law.

How do the Compromise and the How do the Compromise and the K-N Acts affect the popular K-N Acts affect the popular

sovereignty choice?sovereignty choice?

Bleeding Kansas 1854-55Bleeding Kansas 1854-55• groups sent people to Kansas to vote and fight for the cause.

• Missourians crossed the border with rifles to stuff the ballots in favor of slavery

• John Brown, an abolitionist went to Kansas (sent by God to stop the slavery) * He and his men killed many

p. 316

Bleeding Kansas…cont. Bleeding Kansas…cont. • For Kansas the Civil War began in 1855

• Voting caused the battle to begin

• Kansas was a battlefield over slavery

• Bleeding Kansas widened the gap between the N & S

Kansas enters as.. FREE

John Brown depicted in a mural titled, "Tragic Prelude" by John Steuart Curray. On display in the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.

Political SplitPolitical Split

• By late 1850…discontent … political landscape changing

• Northern Whigs, anti-slave Democrats, & free-soilers formed the Republican Party

- Opposed expansion of slavery

- Party had strength due to diversity

- united only on slave issue

p. 320

Journal - Dred Scott Case Journal - Dred Scott Case Read p. 332 – Supreme Court decision

1.What position did Taney’s opinion take?

2.Why did Taney’s opinion matter legally?

3.Why did Taney’s opinion matter politically?

4. What is the Historical impact of Taney’s Supreme Court decision and the 13th Amendment?

5. How did the DS decision influence American history?

6. How is this an example of Federalism?

Dred Scott Case 1857Dred Scott Case 1857Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri• Owner took him into IL and WI (free terr.) • 4 years later returned to MO • Scott sued for his freedom (had lived in a free territory)

* Vital questions for Supreme Court 1. Could Scott sue – Was he a citizen of the U.S.?

2. Was slavery a state issue – did being in a free state make him free?

Dred Scott Case - continuedDred Scott Case - continuedLegal Importance• expanded the reach of slavery by declaring it property

Political Importance• increased sectional tension

Historical Impact• Supreme Court decision was cancelled out when 13th &14th amendments passed

Example of…Example of… Checks and Balance Checks and Balance

Lincoln-Douglas DebateLincoln-Douglas Debate* Candidates / 1858 IL senator election

> Democrats - Stephen Douglas > Republicans - Abe Lincoln

- Douglas defended popular sovereignty (not slavery) but protecting democracy

- Lincoln was anti-slavery

* Douglas won the election ~ lost support of southern states

* Lincoln (unknown) became well known after the debate

p. 326

John Brown’s Raid - 1859John Brown’s Raid - 1859• Harper’s Ferry, VA

• Brown received financial backing from Northern abolitionist

• Goal to seize weapons, distribute to slave,

start an uprising

• Brown was captured

• Hanged for treason

• Viewed as a martyr , terrorist p. 327

p. 328John Brown going to his hanging by Horace Pippin

Election of 1860Election of 1860 * Four candidates running for President > N. Democrats - Stephen Douglas > S. Democrats - John Breckinridge

> Republicans - Abe Lincoln > Constitutional Union Party - John Bell

* Republicans platform - limit extension of slavery

Lincoln ---------- Bell ----------- Douglas --------- BreckinridgeLincoln ---------- Bell ----------- Douglas --------- Breckinridge(Rep.)(Rep.) (moderates) (moderates) (Democ.) (Democ.)

Election of 1860

Election of 1860

http://edsitement.neh.gov/spotlight.asp?id=138

SecessionSecession- Southern radicals saw no alternatives but to secede

- Believed secession would be peaceful - It would unify the South

- SC led the way in secession * justified based on states rights states rights (said voluntarily joined, voluntary leave)

Secession - continuedSecession - continued- Within eight weeks MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX voted to secede (deep south)

* a new nation established

* Confederate States of America - Jefferson Davis – President

- Alexander Stephens – VP

Secession - continuedSecession - continued- South left the union before Lincoln’s inauguration

* Lincoln’s stand:1. would not interfere w/ slavery

where it existed

2. slavery would not be extended

3. no state could lawfully withdraw from the union 4. did not want to provoke war

EOC WorkbookEOC Workbook• Pages

76 (1,2) 77 (5) 84 (1,2,3) 85 (1,2)

• Read States’ Rights and Nullification on p. 79/80

Link and LearnLink and Learn• Pages 4 (Harriet B. Stowe)

10 (Bleeding Kansas) 13 (Dred Scott case) 14 (Liberator newspaper) 15 (Parties 1850’ 1860’s) 18 (Dred Scott) 32 (Dred Scott v. Sandford, Secession, Pop. Sovern)

Review QuestionsReview Questions

• Who would have favored the Kansas-Nebraska Act? WHY?

• Popular Sovereignty is a term that reflects which concept?

• How have the compromises truly affected the slave territory issue?