Event - GeoAdvice · Analysis WaterCAD Software Hydraulic Criteria Project ... Water Age Hydraulic...

City of

Saskatoon

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*Where modeling is made fun!

Free Lunch(Geo)Advice

Fire Flow

Simulation

Outage

Simulation

WaterCAD

Tools

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Benefits

City of

Saskatoon

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BCWWA Annual

Conference 2009

Do you know the hydraulic and criticality

Model

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Criticality

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Fire Flow

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Do you know the hydraulic and criticality

conditions of your water distribution mains?

A case study with the City of Saskatoon, SK.

Greg Chartier, City of Saskatoon, SK

Werner de Schaetzen, Ph.D., P.Eng., GeoAdvice Inc.

Game Rules of Play

• The Objectives

– To develop a hydraulic and criticality classification plan for the

City water pipes

– To define the level of service of the water system (hydraulic,

efficiency and water quality)

• The Equipments

– The equipments consist of pipes, pumps, reservoirs, valves,

tanks and junctions

• The Player

– GeoAdvice Engineering Inc.

• The Bank

– The City of Saskatoon, SK

City of

Saskatoon

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Fire Flow

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City of

Saskatoon

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(Geo)Advice

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City of

Saskatoon

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• The City of Saskatoon is a community of

approximately 209,400 people

• Residents of Saskatoon are called

Saskatonians

City of Saskatoon

Saskatonians

• Saskatoon is a city located in central

Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South

Saskatchewan River

• City of Saskatoon’s water distribution system

contains 1,082 km of watermains

City of Saskatoon

City of

Saskatoon

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Fire Flow

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City of

Saskatoon

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(Geo)Advice

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Conclusion

Water

Model

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• What is a water model?

• Mathematical and graphical representation of

water distribution system

• Developed for a specific purpose

Water Model

• Developed for a specific purpose

• By nature a simplification of true system

• Used to analyze and predict behaviour of real

system

• Real Thing

Water Model

• Model 1

Water Model

• Model 2

Water Model

Component Total

Watermains 1,082 km

Junctions 17,615

Hydrants 6,159

Water Model

Hydrants 6,159

Isolation Valves 10,608

Pipes 35,896

Segments 9,107

Managements 4,167

• Bentley Haestad Methods

• Windows stand-alone

• Steady and uniform flow

• Closed conduits with “full pipe”

WaterCAD Software

• Closed conduits with “full pipe”

• Hydraulic, Water Quality and Fire Flow

simulations

• New Criticality simulation tools

– Segment Outage

City of

Saskatoon

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Move Forward Two Steps!

(Geo)Advice: GIS vs. Model

• GIS

– Geospatial database with coordinates

– Polygons, lines and points

– Facility general locations– Facility general locations

– Access to other data sets

• Model

– Junction, tank, reservoir, pump, valve, and pipe data

– Operational control rules and temporal variables

– Demand area polygons and connectivity



• Network Element Representation

Legend

Main Valve

Cross Reducer

Tee

GIS Model


• Network Element Representation


Legend

Main Valve

Cross Reducer

Tee

City of

Saskatoon

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City of

Saskatoon

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(Geo)Advice

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Hydraulic

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• Pipe Classification Plan

– Hydraulic Condition/Performance

• Good

• Fair

Hydraulic Criteria

• Fair

• Poor

– Five Demand Management Areas (DMA)

• 5 DMAs

Hydraulic Criteria

• Parameters used to classify the pipe hydraulically

1. Pressure

2. Fire Flow

3. Water Age

Hydraulic Criteria

4. Velocity

5. Headloss

6. Roughness

• For each pipe (no isolation), review the hydraulic

results and then assign the hydraulic service level

(Good, Fair, Poor)

Hydraulic Criteria

Criteria Definition

PressureThe lowest pressure of the upstream and downstream nodes

connected to the pipe defines the pipe pressure result.

Fire Flow

The lowest fire flow of the upstream and downstream nodes

connected to the pipe defines the pipe fire flow result. (20 psi

minimum)

Water Age Water age is the time spent by a parcel of water in the network.

VelocityPipe velocity is the flow divided by the cross sectional area of

the pipe.

HeadlossThe headloss per 1,000 m of length represents the hydraulic

gradient of the pipe.

RoughnessThe hydraulic head lost by water flowing in a pipe due to friction

was computed using the Hazen-Williams formula.

• Hydraulic Condition: Good, Fair or Poor

Hydraulic Criteria

Criteria Good Fair Poor

Pressure > 39 psi and < 126 psi 20 psi - 39 psi < 20 psi or > 150 psi

Fire Flow > 100 % needed FF 50 % needed FF

- 100 % needed FF< 50 % needed FF

• How do we assign one Hydraulic condition to

each pipe?

Fire Flow > 100 % needed FF- 100 % needed FF

< 50 % needed FF

Water Age < 24 hours 24 hours - 72 hours > 72 hours

Velocity < 1 m/s 1 m/s - 5 m/s > 5 m/s

Headloss < 5 m/km 5 m/km - 20 m/km > 20 m/km

Roughness > 100 70 - 100 < 70

Hydraulic Criteria

Hydraulic Simulation

• Hydraulic Simulation Types and Results

Demand Scenario Type ResultsDemand Scenario Type Results

Existing Peak Hour Demand Steady State Pressure

Velocity

Headloss

Existing Maximum Day Demand EPS (7 days) Water Age

Existing Maximum Day Demand + Fire Flow Fire Flow Needed Fire Flows

City of

Saskatoon

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Event: Pipe - Segment -

Management

• A “pipe” is a link connected to two nodes

(model)

• An “isolation segment” is the smallest portion

of a distribution system that can be isolated of a distribution system that can be isolated

by valving (GIS)

• A “management” is a link connected to two

nodes and is composed of several pipes in

series (City)


Management


Management

• Weakest link rule

City of

Saskatoon

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Fire Flow

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City of

Saskatoon

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(Geo)Advice

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Criticality

Criteria

• Pipe Classification Plan

– Criticality Level

• Low

• Medium

Criticality Criteria

• Medium

• High

– Five Demand Management Areas (DMA)

– Criticality results will be part of service/customer

classification system


• Criticality Analysis

– Find distribution segments based on valving

– Identify segments which are large or have many

isolating valvesisolating valves

– Identify outages that will interfere with service

– Identify impact of outages

– Determine where valves are needed


• Parameters used to classify the critical level

of the pipes:

1. Number of Disconnected Elements

2. Total System Demand Shortfall2. Total System Demand Shortfall

3. Lowest Pressure


Criteria Definition

Number of

Disconnected

Elements

Number of elements physically disconnected due to

a segment closure.

Total Demand

Shortfall

Percentage of reduction of the water flow demanded

by the system.

Results with high “Total System Demand Shortfall”

indicate that the segment outage has a serious

impact on the overall system.

Lowest Pressure Pressure drops below 20 psi due to a segment

closure, the segment will be considered a criticality

of “high”

• Criticality Level: Low, Medium or High


Criteria Low Medium High

Number of Disconnected Elements >= 0 >= 0 > 0

Total System Demand Shortfall (%) = 0 % > 0 % > 0 %

Lowest Pressure (psi) > 20 psi > 20 psi < 20 psi

City of

Saskatoon

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Conclusion

Model

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City of

Saskatoon

Water

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(Geo)Advice

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Conclusion

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Criticality

Simulation

• Three Steps for each isolation segment:

1. Segmentation Run

• Develop isolation segments

2. Outage Analysis

Criticality Simulation

2. Outage Analysis

• Identifies if isolating a segment causes other

segments to be isolated

3. Criticality Analysis

• Running hydraulic simulation to determine for each

segment the system ability to meet pressures and

demands given the segment outage

• Hydraulic Engine

– Steady State Simulation

– EPS Simulation

– Fire Flow Simulation

WaterCAD Tools

– Fire Flow Simulation

• Criticality Tools

– Segmentation

– Outage Analysis

– Criticality Analysis

• Outage Analysis Example

WaterCAD Tools

If this pipe was isolated This branch will be

isolated from the system

• Criticality Analysis Example

WaterCAD Tools

Assuming that each node has a

demand of 1 L/s

Isolation 1:Isolation 1:

# of Elements Disconnected = 21

Demand Shortfall = 9 L/s

Lowest Pressure = 23 psi

Criticality = Medium

Isolation 2:




Criticality = Low

Isolation 1 Isolation 2

• Criticality Analysis Example

WaterCAD Tools

Assuming that each node has a

demand of 1 L/sIsolation

Segment

18 psi

Source

Isolation Segment:




Criticality = High

Segment

City of

Saskatoon

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Conclusion

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Fire Flow

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City of

Saskatoon

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Conclusion

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Model

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• Hydraulic Classification Results

– Pipe � Management

Model Results

DMA # Managements Good Fair Poor

1 138 1311 138 131 0 7

2 144 141 0 3

3 88 73 0 15

4 146 35 96 15

5 135 37 81 17

• Criticality Classification Results

– Segment � Pipes � Management

Model Results

DMA # Managements Low Medium High

1 138 102 361 138 102 36 0

2 144 68 76 0

3 88 44 44 0

4 146 117 29 0

5 135 101 34 0

City of

Saskatoon

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Fire Flow

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City of

Saskatoon

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ConclusionProject

Conclusion

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• Hydraulic Condition

– Good/Fair/Poor

– Six hydraulic criteria

• Criticality Level

Project Conclusion

• Criticality Level

– Low/Medium/High

– Three criticality criteria

• “Managements” were defined by the City and

the “weakest link” rule was assumed to assign

hydraulic and criticality classification

(“Weighted average” rule to be applied later)

• Criticality runs

– Finding the weak links

– Need to identify critical elements

– Can’t do it by simply removing pipe links

Project Conclusion

– Can’t do it by simply removing pipe links

– Real outages depend on valving

– There can be large outage segments even in

looped systems

– Sometimes there are surprises

• Challenges

– Require massive database capability for large

models

– Customizable (Criteria values can be changed)

Project Conclusion

– Customizable (Criteria values can be changed)

• Benefits

– Identify weak points in the model based on

Hydraulic and Criticality results

– Determine which pipes to replace first

– Control background water losses

– Water quality results used for flushing programs

• Model = Approximation of real world

• Most work involves data collection/checking

• GIGO: Garbage In = Garbage Out

• Good calibration leads to good decisions

Project Conclusion

• Good calibration leads to good decisions

• Always check modeling results to make sure

they are reasonable

• Informed decisions save time and money

City of

Saskatoon

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Hydraulic

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(Geo)Advice

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Fire Flow

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Thank You!

Any Questions?Werner de Schaetzen, Ph.D., P.Eng.

GeoAdvice Inc.

[email protected]

Greg Chartier

City of Saskatoon, SK

[email protected]

Event - GeoAdvice · Analysis WaterCAD Software Hydraulic Criteria Project ... Water Age Hydraulic...

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