EVDSFORUM · Dentistry 4th – 7th June 2015 GHENT – BELGIUM Follow us on twitter: @EVDSboard...

EVDSFORUM The e-Bulletin of the European Veterinary Dental Society

ISSN 1580-6014

News from the EVDS!More details abou the cruise: programme and travel! 3D Printing applications in veterinary medicine By JP Bordelo, CA Viegas, JF Requicha

Spring | Issue 1 | 2014

Dental Quiz By Ana Nemec !

PUB

How can you improve your pet’s dental health?

Feed kibbles that work like a

toothbrush!

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Ask your vet or nurse which great tasting Hill’s™ product is best for your pet

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Ask your vet or nurse which great tasting product is best for your pet

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The kibbles gently scrub away

bacteria-laden plaque and tartar to

help support good dental health

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www.hillspet.co.uk www.hillspet.ie

EVDS Board President !Gottfried Morgenegg! Dorfstraße 70!CH 8912 Obfelden !Phone: +41 (0)447614152 !Fax: +41(0)447619209 [email protected]

President Elect !Lisa Mestrinho! Rua República Peruana 5B!1500-550 Lisboa!Portugal!Phone: [email protected]

Secretary !Ines Ott! Brueder-Grimm-Str. 3 63450 D Hanau !Phone: +49 (0) 6181 22492 !Fax: +49 (0) 6181 257176 [email protected]

Treasurer !Peter Haseler! 21 Station Road !STUDLEY Warwickshire B80 7HR!Phone: +44 (0) 1527853304 !Fax: +44 (0) 1527853688 [email protected]

Past President !Jan Schreyer! Ahornstraße 42 !D 09112 Chemnitz !Phone: +49 (0) 371 304973 Fax: +49 (0) 371 3674574 [email protected]

4 EVDS message

Contents

14 Dental quiz Cleft palate by Ana Nemec

The eBulletin of the European Veterinary Dental Society | 3

5 Agenda

7 Program 23rd ECVD

10 Abstracts

22 24th ECVD Ghent

27 Research contribution

23 Congress information

Continuing Educationwith Bite!

24th

EuropeanCongress ofVeterinaryDentistry

4th – 7th June 2015

GHENT – BELGIUM

Follow us on twitter: @EVDSboard

www.evds.org

201403_Ghent_A4.indd 1 10.03.14 10:19

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Dear EVDS members! "

This issue presents for the first time an initiative entitled Dental Quiz. Every 3

months our associated members are faced with an interesting challenge. This challenge will be

presented in the form of a quiz, where all answers are anonymous and will collected for a period

of 15 days.

The final answer together with all collected reply will be published and a review of the literature

will be published. This initiative is elaborated by the EVDC with support of the EVDS and all quiz

and reviews will be provided by a diplomate of the EVDC.

We think this initiative is a major improvement in our periodical and we hope in the future,

together with the contribution of all EVDS members we can make this newsletter an important

reference in veterinary dentistry. Lisa Mestrinho Editor of the EVDSFORUM President-elect of the EVDS


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2014 !6-10 May 23rd European Congress of Veterinary Dentistry >> Cruise ship. Departure Marseille

More info: http://www.evds.org ! 23-27 June Dentistry II >> Halmstad, Sweden

More info: http://www.esavs.net! 22-26 September Dentistry III >> Halmstad, Sweden

More info: http://www.esavs.net! 18-19 October Small animal dentistry

>> Germany More info: http://www.tierzahnheilkunde-seminare.de

11-12 November Dentistry - Good for patients, good for your bottom line

>>Swindon, UK More info: http://www.improvecpd.com

13-16 November Veterinary dental forum >>Atlanta, USA

More info: http://www.veterinarydentalforum.com

2015 4-7 June 24th European Congress of Veterinary Dentistry >> Ghent, Belgium More info: http://www.evds.org !

7 | EVDSFORUM Pr

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Wednesday, 7th May, 2014"

Thursday, 8th May, 2014"

8 | EVDSFORUM Pr

elimi

nary

prog

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Friday, 9th May, 2014"

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Unhealthy teeth and gums in a dog Healthy teeth and gums in a dog

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10 | EVDSFORUM

Research !Which biomaterials may promote periodontal regeneration in intrabony periodontal defects? A systematic review of preclinical studies.!Ivanovic A, Nikou G, Miron RJ, Nikolidakis D, Sculean A."Quintessence Int. 2014;45(5):385-95. "!Abstract"Objective: To systematically analyze the regenerative effect of the available biomaterials either alone or in various combinations for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects as evaluated in preclinical histologic studies. Data Sources: A protocol covered all aspects of the systematic review methodology. A literature search was performed in Medline, including hand searching. Combinations of searching terms and several criteria were applied for study identification, selection, and inclusion. The preliminary outcome variable was periodontal regeneration after reconstructive surgery obtained with the various regenerative materials, as demonstrated through histologic/ histomorphometric analysis. New periodontal ligament, new cementum, and new bone formation as a linear measurement in mm or as a percentage of the instrumented root length were recorded. Data were extracted based on the general characteristics, study characteristics, methodologic characteristics, and conclusions. Study selection was limited to preclinical studies involving histologic analysis, evaluating the use of potential regenerative materials (ie, barrier membranes, grafting materials, or growth factors/proteins) for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Any type of biomaterial alone or in various combinations was considered. All studies reporting histologic outcome measures with a healing period of at least 6 weeks were included. A meta-analysis was not possible due to the heterogeneity of the data. Conclusion: Flap surgery in conjunction with most of the evaluated biomaterials used either alone or in various combinations has been shown to promote periodontal regeneration to a greater extent than control therapy (flap surgery without biomaterials). Among the used biomaterials, autografts revealed the most favorable outcomes, whereas the use of most biologic factors showed inferior results compared to flap surgery.""Biosmart Materials: Breaking New Ground in Dentistry.!Badami V, Ahuja B."ScientificWorldJournal. 2014 Feb 2;2014:986912. ""By definition and general agreement, smart materials are materials that have properties which may be altered in a controlled fashion by stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. There are numerous types of smart materials, some of which are already common. Examples include piezoelectric materials, which produce a voltage when stress is applied or vice versa, shape memory alloys or shape memory polymers which are thermoresponsive, and pH sensitive polymers which swell or shrink as a response to change in pH. Thus, smart materials respond to stimuli by altering one or more of their properties. Smart behaviour occurs when a material can sense some"

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stimulus from its environment and react to it in a useful, reliable, reproducible, and usually reversible manner. These properties have a beneficial application in various fields including dentistry. Shape memory alloys, zirconia, and smartseal are examples of materials exhibiting a smart behavior in dentistry. There is a strong trend in material science to develop and apply these intelligent materials. These materials would potentially allow new and groundbreaking dental therapies with a significantly enhanced clinical outcome of treatments." Equine Dentistry! Standing Equine Dental Surgery

Menzies RA, Easley J.!

Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2014 Apr;30(1):63-90. "

"Abstract"Dental surgeries refer to procedures that affect the dental tissues or their supporting structures. With the development of specific, efficacious, and conservative treatments, morbidity risks have been lowered and chances of benefiting the health of equids improved. Advances in quality of sedation, analgesia, and locoregional anesthesia allow a majority of dental surgeries to be performed in the standing patient. This update focuses on an orthograde endodontic technique, a minimally invasive buccotomy technique, with the potential to combine it with a transbuccal screw extraction technique, and revisits the AO pinless external fixator for fractures of the body of the mandible.


Dental snapshot!Illustrative Case Report! EVDS invites you to submit illustrative case reports to the EVDSFORUM. ! Please, send it to [email protected]

Small Animal ! Retrospective evaluation of canine and feline maxillomandibular trauma cases. Comparison of lunar cycle and seasonality with non-maxillomandibular traumatic injuries (2003-2012)."!Mulherin BL, Snyder CJ1, Soukup JW, Hetzel S. "Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2014 Feb 26;27(3). !"Abstract"Objectives: To determine relationships between seasonality and lunar cycle and the frequency of maxillomandibular (MM) and non-maxillomandibular (non-MM) injury in canine and feline trauma patients. Methods: A medical records database was searched to identify all MM trauma patients (n = 67) and a random sample of non-MM trauma patients (n = 129) according to search criteria. Season of injury, moon phase, and moon luminosity were calculated for the date of injury. Results: Maxillomandibular injury occurred predominately in the spring and decreased through winter while non-MM injury occurred more frequently in the summer and fall. The difference in the frequency of MM and non-MM injuries during different seasons was not significant (p = 0.071). When comparing injuries occurring in the quarters following the full moon and leading up to the full moon, a difference (p = 0.007) was noted with an increased percentage of moon being illuminated at the time injuries occurred following a full moon as compared to leading up to the full moon. Clinical significance: These results may guide clinicians to closely evaluate trauma patients that are presented on emergency during a particular season or lunar phase. Based on the season at the time of injury, close evaluation for MM versus non-MM trauma may be appropriate." Maximal and submaximal mouth opening with mouth gags in cats: Implications for maxillary artery blood flow.!Martin-Flores M1, Scrivani PV2, Loew E3, Gleed CA4, Ludders JW2."Vet J. 2014 Feb 12. ""Abstract"The use of spring-loaded mouth gags in cats can be associated with the development of central neurological deficits, including blindness. In this species, the maxillary arteries are the main source of blood supply to the retinae and brain. Spring-loaded gags generate constant force after placement that could contribute to bulging of the soft tissues between the mandible and the tympanic bulla. Under these circumstances, the maxillary arteries can become compressed as they course between these osseous structures. Smaller gags that might apply less force to the mouth were investigated to determine if they preserved maxillary artery blood flow. Six healthy adult cats were anesthetized. Electroretinography (ERG) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed without the use of a mouth gag and during submaximal (plastic mouth gags of 20, 30 and 42mm in length between canine teeth) and maximal mouth opening. Maximal mouth opening produced alterations in ERG waveforms consistent with circulatory compromise in 1/6 cats and reductions in signal intensity during MRA in 4/6 cats. Placement of a 42mm plastic gag produced a reduction in MRA signal in 1/6 cats. No changes were observed with smaller gags. The force applied against the mouth was significantly higher with the spring-loaded gag than with any other gags. The use of a smaller mouth gags was associated with fewer alterations of indicators of maxillary artery blood flow. Nevertheless, a 42mm plastic gag, equivalent to the size of a needle cap, resulted in an abnormal MRA in one cat."

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"With this Forum Issue together with the EVDC we are starting our Forum Quiz. You are very welcome to test your dentistry, oral medicine and oral surgery knowledge by anonymously answering the SurveyMonkey question sent to you by EVDS Secretary and then follow the topic review in the following Forum Issue"

"What is your diagnosis and what would you recommend to the client?"A)  Cleft of the secondary palate. Surgically correct the defect as soon as

possible to prevent development of aspiration pneumonia,"B) Cleft of the secondary palate. Wait at least until animal is 3 – 4 months old. Then perform CT to evaluate the cleft and possible associated craniofacial anomalies and surgically correct the defect,"C) Oronasal fistula. Surgically correct the defect as soon as possible to prevent development of aspiration pneumonia,"D) Secondary cleft of the palate. Perform CT to evaluate the cleft and possible associated craniofacial anomalies and surgically correct the defect when deciduous teeth erupt.""

"The correct answer is B. !Among 62 respondents to our quiz, 39 (62.9%)

answered correctly."

A!

B!

C!

D!

This newborn puppy was presented due to difficulties nursing and drainage of milk from the nares. Physical exam was unremarkable, apart from a palatal defect found on oral exam. "


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CLEFT LIP AND PALATE "ANA NEMEC"

DVM PhD Dipl. AVDC Dipl. EVDC"

Development"The formation of the face and oral cavity is complex with fusion of multiple tissue processes in a highly orchestrated fashion. The incisive bones result from the fusion of the paired medial nasal processes. Although one study reported that the maxillary processes in the dog fuse at the midline to produce the majority of the upper lip, it has recently been accepted that it is the nasal processes that fuse with the maxillary processes beginning at the palatine fissures to form the upper lip, alveolar process and primary palate, as in humans. The alveolar process forms through the fusion of the bilateral maxilloincisive suture lines, followed by closure of the rostral nose and the upper lip. Initially, a common oronasal cavity is bounded rostrally by the primary palate and is occupied mainly by the developing tongue. Only after the development of the secondary palate the distinction between the oral and nasal cavities is possible. The secondary palate, which makes up 90% of the hard and soft palates, is formed from the maxillary processes after fusion of the palatal processes of the maxillae with the incisive bone and then with each other and with the vomer. Initially, these shelves are oriented in a vertical position on each side of the developing tongue. As the mandibles grow, the tongue drops down, allowing the palatal shelves to rotate to a horizontal position and grow toward one another and start fusing at the rostral aspects. The palatal shelves also fuse with the primary palate and the nasal septum. The fusion progresses in the rostro-caudal direction, and it is completed by the 12th week in humans. The soft palate forms afterwards. For fusion of the palatine shelves to occur (as applies to fusion of any other processes), elimination of the epithelial covering of the shelves is necessary. As the two palatine shelves meet, adhesion of the epithelia occurs so that the epithelium of one shelf becomes indistinguishable from that of the other, and a midline epithelial seam that consist of two layers of basal epithelial cells forms. This midline seam must be removed to permit ectomesenchymal continuity between the fused processes. Even though the epithelial cells of the seam continue to divide, growth of the seam fails to keep pace with palatal growth so that the seam first thins to a single layer of cells and then breaks up into discrete islands of epithelial cells. The basal lamina surrounding these cells then is lost, and the epithelial cells lose their epithelial characteristics and assume fibroblast-like features. In other words, epithelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells (epitheliomesenchymal transformation). This is a fundamental embryonic process that also is implicated in the invasive behavior of epithelial neoplastic cells. !Defects"Disturbances in the growth of these tissue processes or their fusion may result in the formation of orofacial clefts. Clefting is one of the most common major congenital defects in humans and shows considerable racial and sex variation. In a colony of beagles bred as a pure strain the occurrence of cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) was 1.1 per 1000 beagles. Clefts are considered very rare in the cat. Although the exact location of the boundary between the primary and secondary palate is still controversial and definitions and classifications of oral clefts may vary in humans and dogs, a cleft palate"""

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(CP) involves the structures of the secondary palate and may be an isolated defect, or be associated with a cleft lip (CL) which is a defect involving the structures of the primary palate. Cleft lip is a defective fusion of the medial nasal process with the maxillary process. Likewise, failure of the palatal shelves to fuse results in CP. Pedigree analysis in Pyrenees shepherd dogs showed that CP only is not genetically distinct from CL with or without CP but is inherited in this breed as a monogenic autosomal recessive trait. Most of the CLs in humans are unilateral (80%), with 70% occurring on the left side. About 70% of unilateral CLs are associated with CPs, and 85% of bilateral CLs are associated with CPs. Cleft lip can be complete (extending into the nostril) or incomplete (not involving nose). Incisor teeth in the cleft can be missing or may be supernumerary. Cleft palate can vary in its severity – from cleft uvula in humans only to complete hard and soft palate cleft. A submucous palatal cleft is also possible, where mucosa is intact, but the defect exists in the underlying musculature of the soft palate. Minor degrees of velar asymmetry are not uncommon in patients with CL, CP, or both. However, gross unilateral hypoplasia of the velum and pharynx is rare and probably a separate entity in humans. Unilateral congenital soft palate hypoplasia is also rare in dogs and its development unknown. !Etiology"The causes of CL and CP are still debated. Many facial clefts are isolated anomalies (non-syndormic clefts), however, more than 350 developmental syndromes have been identified in humans that may be associated with CL and CP. The cause of non-syndromic clefts does not follow any simple mendelian patter of inheritance but appears to be heterogeneous. Thus the propensity for cleft development may be related to a number of major genes, minor genes, and environmental factors that can combine to surpass a developmental threshold. A number of candidate clefting genes and loci have been identified. It has recently been described in boxers, that there is evidence of monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance for a non-syndromic cleft lip and palate. Among some factors, maternal alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, folic acid deficiency, parental age, corticosteroid use and anticonvulsant therapy have been associated with an increased risk for orofacial clefts in humans. " "Therapeutic decision-making"Animals with congenital palatal defects are usually presented due to difficulties nursing/drinking; gagging, coughing, or sneezing while eating, and possibly signs of respiratory tract infection." "Surgical correction of palatal defects is preferably delayed until the animals is at least 3-4 months old, or, in selected cases, until permanent dentition has fully erupted allowing maximum amount of tissue available for repair." "Preoperatively, thoracic radiographs are recommended especially in animals with signs of aspiration pneumonia. Routine preanesthetic bloodwork and urinalysis are also recommended. Skull CT should be recommended for all dogs with congenital palatal defects to better assess likely associated craniofacial defects and to better plan the treatment. A tracheal wash and/or nasal bacterial and fungal culture are performed as clinically indicated." "


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"Surgical technique will depend on the location, size and shape of the palatal defect. The best chance of success is with the first surgical procedure, but sometimes closure needs to be staged. Extremely large defects will not permit successful closure, and while use of a palatal obturator may be considered as a salvage procedure, grave prognosis in these patients should be considered. Clients should also be counseled concerning the possible heritability factor and the animals should not be used for breeding. Euthanasia may be considered in newborn puppies.""References:"Bardach J, Kelly KM, Jakobsen JR (1988). Simultaneous cleft lip and palate repair: an experimental study in beagles. Plast Reconstr Surg;82:31-41."Dreyer CJ, Preston CB(1974). Classification of cleft lip and palate in animals. Cleft Palate J;11(3):327-332."Gregory SP (2000). Middle ear disease associated with congenital palatine defects in seven dogs and one cat. J Small Anim Pract;41:398-401."Hale FA (2005). Juvenile veterinary dentistry. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract;35:789-817."Herkrath AP, Herkrath FJ, Rebelo MA, Vettore MV (2012). Parental age as a risk factor for non-syndromic oral clefts: A meta-analysis. J Dent ;40(1):3-14. "Kelly KM, Bardach J (2012). Biologic basis of cleft palate and palatal surgery. In: Verstraete FJM, Lommer MJ, eds. Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier: 343-361."Kemp C, Thiele H, Dankof A, et al. (2009). Cleft lip and/or palate with monogenic autosomal recessive transmission in Pyrenees shepherd dogs. Cleft Palate Craniofac J;46:81-88."Kemp C, Thiele H, Dankof A, Schmidt G, Lauster C, Fernahl G, Lauster R (2009). Cleft lip and/or palate with monogenic autosomal recessive transmission in Pyrenees shepherd dogs. Cleft Palate Craniofac J;46(1):81-88. "Manfra Marretta S (2012). Cleft palate repair techniques. In: Verstraete FJM, Lommer MJ, eds. Oral and maxillofacial surgery in dogs and cats. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier: 351-361."Moura E, Cirio SM, Pimpão CT (2011). Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in Boxer Dogs: Evidence of Monogenic Autosomal Recessive Inheritance. Cleft Palate Craniofac J [Epub ahead of print]."Mulvihill JJ, Mulvihill CG, Priester WA (1980). Cleft palate in domestic animals: epidemiologic features. Teratology;21:109-112."Nanci A (2008). Ten Cate's oral histology. Development, structure and function. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier: 39-46. "Natsume N, Miyajima K, Kinoshita H, Kawai T (1994). Incidence of cleft lip and palate in beagles. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93(2):439."Nemec A, Daniaux L, Johnson E, Peralta S, Verstraete FJM (in press). Craniofacial defects in dogs with congenital palatal defects: computed tomographic findings in 9 cases. Vet Surg."Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. (2009) Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier: 1-4."Peralta S, Nemec A, Fiani N, Verstraete FJM (in press). Staged double-layer closure of palatal defect in dogs: 6 cases (2006-2012). Vet Surg."""


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Prescott CW (1971). Some oral lesions in the cat. Aust Vet J;47(2):41-45."Rohleder JJ, Jones JC, Duncan RB, et al. (2006). Comparative performance of radiography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of middle ear disease in 31 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound;47:45-52."Senders CW, Eisele P, Freeman LE, Sponenberg DP (1986). Observations about the normal and abnormal embryogenesis of the canine lip and palate. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol Suppl;2:241-248,"Warzee CC, Bellah JR, Richards D (2001). Congenital unilateral cleft of the soft palate in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract;42:338-340."White RN, Hawkins HL, Alemi VP, et al. (2009). Soft palate hypoplasia and concurrent middle ear pathology in six dogs. J Small Anim Pract;50:364-372."

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Continuing Educationwith Bite!

24th

EuropeanCongress ofVeterinaryDentistry

4th – 7th June 2015

GHENT – BELGIUM

Follow us on twitter: @EVDSboard

www.evds.org

201403_Ghent_A4.indd 1 10.03.14 10:19


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How to get to Marseille! "Aircraft"Marseille has one airport (Marseille Provence Airport) which has two terminal buildings, a traditional one for traditional airlines and MP2 for budget airlines. The airport is a few kilometers out of the city. 36 airlines provide 109 direct destinations."For more information see: http://www.marseille.aeroport.fr"For some destinations it might be a good option flying to Nice and take the train to Marseille (2 hrs). ". " "Trains (TGV):"Take the TGV (3 hours from Paris) and you arrive at the newly refurbished Gare St Charles train station in the center of the city, no messing around with airport transfers. If you're taking the train don't forget to stamp (composter) your ticket, using the little yellow machines at the entrance to the platforms, before you board the train, otherwise you may have to pay an on the spot fine. " "Car:"Take the car if you must, but we don't recommend it. Marseille struggles to cope with its traffic." "Navette Bus: "Gare Saint Charles / Marseille Airport"Taxis can be expensive so try the navette bus. It leaves every 15 minutes from outside terminal 1 and runs directly to Gare Saint Charles train station, right in the center of Marseille. " "Special requests:"For any question regarding transportation ask our tour operator. Croisirama will help you to solve any special request (plane tickets, shuttle, private transportation)."[email protected]"


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Accommodation before and after the Cruise!We have made a special selection of hotels for pre and post congress days, with best locations and quality/price ratio ; the two links above guarantees the best rate you can find on the web by the time you make the reservation, (because it is an on-line tool ):"http://www.evds.org/faq-congress-2014"If you need any more information, you can contact Mrs Sophie HENRY directly with the code ‘EVDS’ by mail at the following address: [email protected]"Novotel Marseille Vieux-Port"Sofitel Marseille Vieux-Port"Ibis Budget Marseille Vieux-Port"Grand Hôtel Beauvau Marseille Vieux-Port, MGALLERY"Ibis Marseille Centre Bourse"Mercure Marseille Centre Vieux-Port"Adagio Vieux-Port République"Suite Novotel Marseille Centre Euromed"Ibis Marseille Euromediterranee "


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How to get to the Port! "Taxi"The costs for a ride from the airport to the port in a taxi are about 40€ and it takes about 30 minutes. From the train station Saint Charles it takes 20 minutes to the port and costs 25€. Please follow the sign 'taxi' at the airport; if you want to have one reserved please contact Croisirama ( [email protected])." "COSTA Shuttle " "-Train station:"06.05.2014, Train station Saint Charles-Port: dep. 14.00, arr. Port 15.00"10.05.2014, Port-Train station Saint Charles: dep. 13.30, arr. Train station 14.30" "- Airport"06.05.2014, Airport -port: dep.14.00, arr. port 15.00"10.05.2014, Port-airport: dep. 13.30, arr. Airport 14.30" "COSTA shuttles have to be pre-booked and cost 15€ each way. For reservation please contact Croisirama ([email protected])." " " "Boarding! "Boarding time: 14.00-17.00 at Porte 4, Quai Léon Gouret." "There will be a separate desk for EVDS in front of the boat. Staff of the cruise line will help you bringing your luggage aboard." "The security procedures will be the same as in an airport. Your identity will be checked thoroughly. Please make sure your passport fits with the details you gave for the registration."


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3D PRINTING APPLICATIONS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE! "JP Bordelo 1, CA Viegas 1,2, JF Requicha 2,3" "1 Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"2 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimaraes, Portugal"3 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Lusophone, Lisbon, Portugal" "The applications of three-dimensional (3D) printing are numerous in Veterinary Medicine. 3D CAD and rendering programs allow to obtain 3D reconstructions of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MRI) images. Then, these reconstructions can be used to produce 3D models with an accuracy up to 20 µm (Doney et al., 2013) by using specific 3D printers. This type of rapid prototyping (RP), the fused deposition modeling (FDM) (Fig. 1), has a wide application, such as: planning of surgical procedures, diagnostic imaging or production of implants (Kim et al., 2012)."The visualization of 3D models enables to plan the surgical interventions, and facilitate the intra-operatory decisions, and allows to reduce the surgical time and associated trauma,"

The pre-study in maxillofacial surgical injury (Fig. 2) has been a subject of research in human (Kim et al., 2012) and in veterinary medicine (von Lande et al., 2012), due to the fact that these procedures are highly complex and require a significant surgical accuracy. This technology is also quite useful in the resolution of long bones fractures and spine defects (Saijo et al., 2011)."

Fig. 1"

Fig. 2"

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PR can be used in the production of implant materials made of polymethylmethacrylate, metals or hydroxyapatite, for example, applied in cranioplasty, limb fractures and vertebral surgery (Kim et al. Jan 2012). These models are considered an auxiliary method of diagnostic imaging, because they allow the assessment of some anatomical structures with a high degree of accuracy (Doney et al., 2013)."

References"Doney E, et al. 2013. 3D Printing of preclinical X-ray computed tomographic data sets. Journal of Visualized Experiments 22 (73): e50250."Kim B-J, et al. 2012. Customized cranioplasty implants using three-dimensional printers and polymethyl-methacrylate casting. Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 52(6): 541-546."Saijo H, et al. 2011. A novel method for designing and fabricating custom-made artificial bones. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 40(9): 955-960."Tam MD, et al. 2012. 3D printout of a DICOM file to aid surgical planning in a 6 year old patient with a large scapular osteochondroma complicating congenital diaphyseal aclasia. J Radiology Case Reports 6(1): 31-37."von Lande RGK, et al. 2012. Rapid prototype modeling and customized titanium plate fabrication for correction of a persistent hard palate defect in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 240: 1316-1322. "

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June 2014

EVDSFORUM · Dentistry 4th – 7th June 2015 GHENT – BELGIUM Follow us on twitter: @EVDSboard...

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