Question 1 – In what ways does your media product use, develop, challenge forms and

conventions of real media products?

For our A2 advanced portfolio we were asked to make the first five minutes of a documentary

of our choosing. We first had to choose our topic and after mind mapping ideas we decided a

documentary based around the violence in video games was a suitable option. This was due

to all members off the group being gamers and therefore already having some prior

knowledge as well as an interest in the topic. We also had to produce some ancillary products

these included a thirty second radio trailer and a double page spread article in a TV listings

magazine.

Documentary

We first carried out research to see what common codes and conventions real media products

used. To do this we watched several documentaries both within our chosen topic and other

documentaries of varying styles and topics. These included ‘Supersize me’, ‘Gimme Shelter’

and ‘Gaming 4 Life’. These documentaries gave us an insight into the camera angles, editing

and pace of documentaries which we would later use, develop and challenge. We first noticed

that most documentaries had a catchy name which directly related to the topic of the

documentary. We decided this would be a good code to follow and decided the name ‘Out of

Controller’. This name was used as a play on words suggesting the games were out of control

by using the word ‘controller’ (a device used to play video games) we related the name to our

documentary. This followed the convention which other documentaries followed such as

‘Supersize Me’ (a documentary about fast food),

however I feel we could have came up with a better

name as some viewers who are not in the target

audience may not establish the connection between the

use of ‘controller’ and video games. Therefore the title

was not effective at grabbing people’s attention which

is a code of titles of a documentary.

According to Bill Nicholls’ theory of Documentary Modes (2001), the most similar mode to

our documentary would be the Expositional mode. Our documentary, like those of the

expository mode, speaks directly to the viewer, through the voiceover, and proposes strong

arguments from both sides, however after our documentary was finished you could argue that

our documentary was slightly opinionated to a negative view of violent video games.

Therefore you could say our documentary did break convention of an expository style

documentary as we tried to enforce a negative opinion upon the viewer where as an

expository documentary tries to give a balanced opinion. We did this as we felt it is important

that the audience can clearly see the negative effects that I could see as we felt it was a

serious topic.

We also decided to broadcast the documentary on Channel 4; this is

due to the fact that our documentary takes a serious tone on a

controversial subject, this is a type of documentary Channel 4 is

known for broadcasting. We also feel that our target audience (young

male adults 15-20) are regular watchers of this channel.

Interviews

A common conventions within documentaries is the style of the interviews, this includes both

vox pops (public) interviews and professional interviews. From the documentaries we saw

vox pops are common within all styles and types of documentaries. We therefore felt it was

important to include a range of vox pops within our documentary. Therefore we followed the

code of having lots of vox pops in our documentary. This is because vox pops are an effective

way of showing a public opinion; this was important to us as our documentary based on video

games affects a vast majority of the public. Within our documentary we managed to include

around six or seven vox pops, we therefore feel we used and utilized this common code.

However within a vox pop itself there are many codes and conventions. The first being the

use of a handheld camera; this gives the impression of being in a busy public place further

reflecting upon the idea of vox pops being the public’s opinion. We did not use this code due

to practicality reasons. We wanted to include this convention as we felt it was an effective

way of separating vox pops from professional interviews however our footage when using a

handheld camera was too shaky and made our work look unprofessional. We therefore broke

this common code of vox pops. Another convention of vox pops is the background of where

the vox pop takes place. It is a code of vox pops for them to take place in a public area such

as a high street, canteen or outside a shop. We both broke and developed this convention as

our vox pops took place in a range of areas; this included the college canteen and college

corridors. After viewing the documentary I believe we should have followed this code

entirely as the vox pops taking place in busy public areas such as the canteen looked much

more professional than in empty corridors(these gave the impression of plain white

walls). The vox pops taking place on the plain white walls looked less professional and

therefore following the code would have benefited our overall product. All of our vox pops

also used medium close ups as this followed the codes set out by all of the documentaries we

witnessed. This makes the documentary appear professional by giving high quality visual aid

to the viewer. We also developed on the codes and conventions of vox pops by having small

groups of people be interviewed; we feel this made the documentary more professional as it

still looked of a high quality but helped give the opinion of a wider group of people.

This image displays one of

several vox pops within

the documentary. It

Cleary displays the use of

a public place as a

background and the use

of a medium close up

following the conventions

of other documentaries.

However we used a tripod

breaking the convention

of handheld footage.

Our documentary also includes several professional interviews. These interviews differ from

vox pops as these give a professional opinion from an expert on the subject rather than the

public. We included around the same amount of expert interviews as vox pops as we

followed the very important convention of contrasting the opinion of the public against the

opinion of the experts. This makes the documentary seem professional as well as give a

balanced argument following the code of exploratory documentaries. We felt it was important

to include several expert interviews as they give a factual basis for the viewer to see. This

makes the documentary seem more believable as experts immediately improve the

believability of the documentary as well as show the seriousness of the subject. One of the

codes we followed within our expert interviews was the camera angles and background. The

expert interviews utilized a medium close up with a professional work place environment and

the expert is always sitting down. This code and convention can clearly be seen in ‘Supersize

Me’. We used this convention as it makes the expert seem more important than the vox pop

interviews separating him/her from the public. It also offers insight into the working

environment of the expert to help show the viewer what the expert does to make him

knowledgeable on the subject. This convention made the documentary appear of a high

quality by separating the experts from the vox pops further allowing a contrast between the

two. Another code of expert interviews was to display their name on screen; we developed

this code by displaying their name and job title. This allowed the viewer to see what

profession the expert had which made him/her an expert. It also makes the expert appear

important as giving him a name/title allows the viewer to take the expert more seriously

making the expert more effective at giving a factual opinion.

As can be seen in these two images (top

image: ‘Out of Controller’, (Can violent

video games play a role in violent

behaviour?)bottom image: ) both utilize

codes and conventions of the

documentary genre. As can be seen both

are expert interview, taking place in the

experts working environment using a

medium close up. We used this code as it

separates the expert’s interviews from the

vox pops allowing for a greater contrast

between the two. It can also be seen in

this image that we have also followed the

convention of displaying the experts name

and title. This shows the experts authority

and importance improving their use as a

factual source.

Both types of documentaries also follow codes and conventions. The first being that the

interviewee doesn’t answer questions directly at the camera and instead looks slightly off to

the side. This makes the interview seem more natural and gives a professional feel to the

interview. We followed this code in both vox pops and expert interviews as we felt it was

important to make the documentary appear natural. In all of the interviews we followed the

convention of not having the vocals of the interviewer asking the interviewee the questions.

This is again done to make the documentary appear more natural.

Background Footage

After viewing several documentaries we realised that background and archive footage are

essential to the overall quality and pace of the documentary. We followed the convention of

having all of our background footage filmed on a tripod. This makes the footage look

professional by removing shakes; it also allowed us to include pans, tilts and steady zooms.

This makes the documentary appear to be made of a high quality as all footage seems

professional and keeps the viewer focused and not be distracted by bad footage. We also

broke the convention of poor archive footage by making sure our archive footage was high

quality. In other documentaries we noticed archive footage was often of poor quality such as

containing lots of grain in the footage, this may have been done to separate it from the normal

background footage; however we did not follow this code as good quality archive footage of

video games allowed us to keep our target audience engaged. It also shows the modern HD

quality of video games as reflected by the high quality footage. We also often used

background footage as an establishing shot; this code is used in most documentaries

including ‘Supersize Me’ to visual show the viewer where interviews are taking place. We

followed this code as we also felt it was an effective way of showing the viewer where

certain events are taking place.

As can be seen from the image

taken from Out of Controller our

interviewees never answered

questions directly to the camera.

This is a common code of all

documentary styles and genres.

As can be seen from this sample of

background footage that we used within

our documentary, we followed

convention by using a tripod and having

professional, HD quality steady footage.

This appeals to our target audience, as

any poor quality footage would put

them off the documentary as they have

grown up watching high quality videos.

On the right is a screenshot of

background footage from Supersize me

what also uses conventions of steady

camera pans, tilts ect.

Editing

The editing of the documentary is a crucial part

of production, as editing can effectively

determine the style pace and format of the

documentary. We edited our documentary within

adobe premiere as this allowed us to freely

control the documentary so we could follow and

break codes and conventions. Our documentary

had a quick and sleek pace throughout the entire five minutes this was done to keep the target

audiences attention as well as giving the documentary a professional feel. This used the code

of the documentaries we watched; the first five minutes of all the documentaries we watched

were fast paced to show the audience what the documentary may include, acting as a preview

to the entire documentary. We followed this code as we felt it allowed us to easily produce a

professional product which would keep our target audiences attention. We did this by using

effects such as wipes as well as quick cutting. Another important code we followed was the

use of onscreen facts and statistics. We added these using a clear and powerful font to grab

the audience’s attention. We followed this convention as we felt it showed factual

information to the audience in an interesting way; it allowed us to give lots of important

statistics in a short time adding to the overall quality of the documentary. Editing was also

used to make the documentary smooth and sleek. This was mainly done by the use of cross

dissolves and fades; this removed the roughness of cuts between each scene/shot. Using fades

is a common convention in all documentaries as it makes the documentary easy to watch by

making the documentary appear professional. We followed this code as if broken it would

take away from the overall quality of the documentary.

As can be seen from this screenshot from adobe premiere

we used cross dissolves between scenes to create a sleek

and smooth documentary. This also improved the pace and

professionalism of the documentary appealing to our target

audience.

Sound

Sound is another important part of any documentary, therefore following and braking specific

codes and conventions is important to produce a professional documentary. We followed the

code of using a voice over within our expository documentary. This was done to directly talk

to the audience in a clear way. We used this code as it allowed us to keep the documentary

balanced as well as easily give the audience specific information in a factual and professional

way. Our voice over also allowed us to give both primary and secondary research this again

allows us to give the audience specific facts and figures. This style of voice over was used in

‘Gamers 4 Life’ and due to both documentaries having the same topic we followed this

convention as we saw it affectively being used to help improve the audiences understanding

of the subject.

The music used in our documentary is also important to the overall quality of the product. We

decided to break convention and loop non-diegetic background music throughout the

documentary; this was not done in documentaries such as ‘Supersize me’ where the music

changed to fit the situation of the video. We broke this convention as we didn’t want to

distract the audience from the important matters of the video and the voice over. We therefore

feel using the same track effectively keeps the audience’s attention on the documentary.

Radio Trailer

Our first ancillary task was to produce a 30-40 second radio trailer advertising the

documentary. Much like the documentary we first carried out research to find common codes

and conventions of radio trailers. We produced the radio trailer in Garageband and Adobe

Premiere as this software allowed us full control over the production of the radio trailer

allowing us to choose which codes and conventions to follow.

The first thing we produced for the radio trailer was the background music, this was done in

Garageband. We followed the code of having simple background music which was quick and

upbeat. This engages the listener but does not distract them from the information within the

radio trailer. Therefore we feel that this effectively acts as an interesting non-diegetic

background music which draws attention to the radio trailer so that the listener will listen for

the entirety of the trailer. We also followed the convention of using music of the same genre

as the music from the documentary; this establishes a brand identity and makes the product

recognisable. This helps promote the documentary which is the purpose of the radio trailer.

However we did brake the convention of using the exact same music as in the documentary.

This is often done to establish a clear link between the two products however we did not do

this as we felt the music in the documentary was not interesting enough to be used in the

radio trailer. This is because it would not engage the listener.

The voice over is another important aspect of the radio trailer. We decided to use the same

voice over as in the documentary; this is due to it being clear and professional. We followed

the convention of using the same voice over as similar to the music it establishes a brand

identity and helps advertise the documentary as well as sound professional. We also

followed the code of having the voice over give important information, this included the time

and date of the documentary. This was done so the audience can clearly hear and understand

where and when to watch the documentary. The voice over also repeated the name of the

documentary several times this was done so the name of the documentary would stick in their

head so they would be more likely to remember to watch the show, this code is commonly

used in all radio trailers aiming to promote a product.

The radio trailer also used many quotes and samples from the documentary. This convention

is done to give the audience an idea of what the documentary will include as well as making

the trailer seem professional by using affective advertising techniques. We wanted to follow

this convention as we felt it was needed to show the audience the style of the documentary

and what it may include. We broke convention when it came to using sound effects. In the

trailers we listener to many used lots of sound effects to grab the audience’s attention and to

keep them engaged with exciting noise. However we felt these affects would feel out of place

in our trailer due to the seriousness of the subject. We therefore used the smallest amount of

effects possible while using music and vocals to engage the listener.

Magazine

We also carried out research into existing magazine double page spreads in listings

magazines. This was again done to gain a understanding of common codes and conventions

used to make a double page spread appeal to a target audience.

A common code of a double page spread is to establish a clear house style. We also

established a clear house style be using the same fonts, colours and language style which

would attract our target audience. Using a specific house style makes the magazine appear

more professional and naturally attracts a reader to the page due to it appearing of a high

quality. We used a similar house style in all of our products to attract the same audience to

each media product. Double page spreads often use a entire page for a image; we broke this

convention as we felt that using one image would not reflect the nature of our documentary as

we often gained the opinion of several people never one specific person as we did not use a

presenter. Instead we used two large images which showed the reader different aspects what

are included in the documentary giving the reader a better idea of what our documentary

includes.

We followed the convention of using large quotes which stand out from the rest of the text.

This is done to show the importance of a shocking statement and therefore we felt this was a

appropriate device to shock the reader by highlighting shocking information. We developed

on this convention by also changing the colour of these quotes to further highlight to the

reader the importance of these quotes. We used a blood red colour which directly links to

This is a screenshot taken from

Garageband which we used to

create our sound track for the radio

trailer. This software allowed us to

produce professional music we

followed the code of not distracting

the listener.

violence in video games; when supported with the quote this further shocks the reader

creating an effective promotional device. We followed the code of using simple colours for

the majority of the text. We used whites, blacks and reds. This was done so that the text stood

out and was clear to read making the double page spread look professional and of high

quality. We also followed the layout conventions of existing double page spreads as these

effectively drew attention to the double page spread. This includes the rule of thirds. We used

this as it highlights to the reader important information, this includes the name of the

documentary so they don’t forget what the documentary’s called. The rule of thirds also

allows us to show the most interesting parts of the magazine to the reader first to interest

them in reading the article. This includes titles, images and quotes. Following the layout

convention we also placed small page numbers at the bottom corners of the page giving the

magazine a professional look. Other small devices we followed from the codes of other

magazines included adding credits to photographers, credit to article writer and the name of

the magazine. All of these are small details but we followed this code as it makes the

magazine look like it was produced of a high quality and for a real purpose.

A major convention we followed was the use of bright colours; using bright colours makes

the magazine stand out and grabs the eye of the audience. We therefore effectively used this

to draw their attention to important aspects of the magazine such as the name of the

documentary, and the time and channel the documentary will be on. We highlighted these as

they are important to promote the documentary as the audience needs to know where they can

find the documentary. The bright colours we used were reds as these symbolised the blood,

gore and violence within video games, which is the subject of the documentary. Therefore

this makes the magazine seem professional and directly engage the reader.

This is our final magazine double

page spread. As stated above we

have followed and broke several

conventions to produce this double

page spread. We feel it has the

effect of attracting our target

audience whilst remaining

professional. We did this by using

codes such as bright colours, large

quotes and images. This creates a

professional product, which

effectively attracts the target

audience.

Large

Masthead

Bright

Text

Large,

text

wrapped

quotes

Columned

Text

Large

Image

Therefore I can conclude that through research and planning I clearly established common

codes and conventions in all three products. We then decided to use, break and develop these

conventions to help make all three products appeal to their target audience whilst remaining

professional. Overall we mainly followed codes and conventions with the documentary being

the most persistent in breaking codes and conventions. However I feel that both breaking and

following specific codes and conventions has allowed me to produce products which

effectively for fill their purpose.