Evaluation of Simultaneous PM 10, PM 2.5, and PM 10-2.5 Measurements Conducted in Bakersfield, CA...

Evaluation of Simultaneous PMEvaluation of Simultaneous PM1010, PM, PM2.52.5, and PM, and PM10-2.510-2.5

Measurements Conducted in Bakersfield, CA with Measurements Conducted in Bakersfield, CA with the Teledyne-API Model 602 Betathe Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUSPLUS Particle Particle

Measurement System Measurement System

Stephen Toner, Ph.D.

March 10, 2011

2011 EPA National Air Quality ConferenceSan Diego, CA

Senior Chemist & Development Engineer at Teledyne - API

Outline

• The Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS

• Overview• Features

• EPA FEM Candidate Trials• Designations & Site Selection• Summer 2010 in Bakersfield, CA• Winter 2010/2011 in Bakersfield, CA

• Conclusions & Future Directions

© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

Learn more at booth #29

Teledyne-API Model 602 BetaPLUS

• Two independent sampling channels• Sequential sampling onto 47mm diameter

filter discs• A single beta attenuation mass

measurement sensor• Sampling and analysis occur independently

• Long sampling times – 59 min / hour• Long analysis times – high precision

• Complete remote communications / instrument control & internal DAS

• US EPA FEM Candidate for PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5

• 16.7 lpm flow rate – different inlet configs

Instrument Overview



• Rotating plate filter holder design (3 processes)• Step 1: Filter Loading / Unloading• Step 2: Filter Sampling• Step 3: Filter Analysis

• Additional reference filter positions • Mass calibration reference standards (R1, R2)• “Spy filters” for repeated blank reference

• Multiple step analysis process• Air Counts• Dark Counts• Blank Counts• Natural Counts• Collect Counts

Mass Measurement System



1. Two Independent Sampling Lines Combined with Internal Automated Mass Measurement• US EPA Candidate FEM for PM10, PM2.5, PMC all in one instrument

2. Multi-step Mass Analysis Process incorporate “Spy filters” resulting in High Performance beta method• Independently measures beta attenuation due to fluctuations in:

1. Air Density2. Humidity3. Filter Blank4. Naturally occurring radioactivity (Radon daughters)5. Radioactive source 6. Detector power supply

3. Preserved 47mm Filter Samples for Subsequent Analysis• Off –line analysis of sample filters: Metals, OC/EC, Black Carbon,

Sulfates, etc.

Key Features



• Europe: MCerts, TÜV– EN12341-1999 (PM10)

– EN14907-2005 (PM2.5)

– Completed in 2009

• United States EPA– US EPA Candidate FEM (PM10, PM2.5, PMC)

– Underway, two tests complete– Scheduled completion in 2011

Regulatory Certifications


EPA FEM Candidacy Trials

• PM2.5 Class III FEM

• PM10-2.5 Class III FEM

• PM10 FEM

• Five Tests• Four locations

40 CFR Part 53


EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA

• Summer• Hot, dusty, and can have several days of low PM2.5 concentrations• Semivolatiles condense onto particles at night if temperatures are cool enough

• Winter• Cool days and cold nights with high humidity

• Dense fog events are very common and can last several days• can be problematic with filter media

• High levels of semivolatile organic species as well as ammonium nitrate• Need to be careful with indoor shelter temperature and line insulation

Bakersfield, CA is the ideal test site for Column A in the previous table

The Challenges of Bakersfield



• (3) Three Model 602 Instrument Inlets

• (3) BGI PQ200 Model PM10 FRM Samplers

• (3) BGI PQ200 Model PM2.5 FRM Samplers

• Two Seasons• Summer (23 days)• Winter (23 days)


EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Summer


EPA FEM Candidacy Trials – Bakersfield, CA Winter



PM2.5 ResultsData set mean, μg/m3 Data set precision, μg/m3 Relative precision (CV)

Precision FRM Candidate FRM Candidate FRM Candidate

Mean: 14.4 13.5 0.3 0.5 2.4% 4.2%Maximum: 38.2 34.9 2.9 3.4 10.2% 19.0%Minimum: 3.3 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.0% 0.8%

Candidate / FRM Ratio: 93.9% 161.6% 173.5%

RMS Relative Precision for this site: 3.2% 5.2%10.0% 15.0%

Precision Test Results for site: OK PASS Test requirements - PM2.5 Class III:

Slope1 Intercept2Correlation (r)

Statistics for this test site: 0.924 0.219 0.99073Upper: 1.100 2.000Lower: 0.900 -0.957 0.95000

PASS PASS PASSTest Results (Pass/Fail):

Regression statistics

PM2.5 Class IIILimits for

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FRM concentration, ug/m3

Comparability of Candidate and FRM Methods*

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Data Set Slope and Intercept, and Limits



PMC ResultsData set mean, μg/m3 Data set precision, μg/m3 Relative precision (CV)





Precision Test Results for site: OK PASS Test requirements - PM10-2.5 Class III:





PM10-2.5 Class IIILimits for

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PM10 Results


Data set mean, μg/m3 Data set precision, μg/m3 Relative precision (CV)





Precision Test Results for site: OK PASS Test Requirements - PM10





PM10Limits for

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Conclusions

Teledyne API Model 602 BetaPLUS Particle Measurement System

•Summer and Winter Data in Bakersfield, CA meets the EPA FEM precision & accuracy criteria •Provides hourly measurements of PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5

•Very little downtime• Samples 59 minutes of each hour

• High precision PM10, PM2.5, and PM10-2.5 1-hr data

• Good accuracy & precision when comparing to FRM data

•Optimal performance in high humidity & rainy weather conditions© 2011 Teledyne - Advanced Pollution Instrumentation, Inc.

Future Directions

• Complete EPA FEM Candidacy Trials• One more Summer location• Two more Winter locations • Will finalize testing in 2011

•Run side-by-side comparisons with other EPA designated FEM’s for PM10 & PM2.5

• Will also have FRM data for comparison

• Run comparisons in varying weather conditions & chemical compositions

• High temp / low temp• High RH / Low RH


Acknowledgements

• Teledyne – API- Eric Holden - Robin Becker- Tim Morphy - Jeff Franks

- California Air Resources Board (CARB)- Debbie Henson - Ken Stroud- Phil Powers

-Inter-Mountain Labs (IML)- Mary Hininger - Kevin Chartier

- FAI Instruments- Roberto Ferrera - Antonio Febo- Enrico Bompadre - Antonio Imperatore

- Frank McElroy- Tom Merrifield


Thank You

Please visit Booth #29 to learn more



Item Hourly Mode Multi-Mode

Sampling Period 1 Hour 8-12-24-48-72 HoursFilter Cartridges 47 mm dia. 47 mm dia.Spot Size 0.95 cm² 2.54, 5.2, 7.07, 11.95 cm²Filter Media Quartz, Glass Quartz, Glass, PTFEFilter Capacity 96 CartridgesRange Up to 10 mg/m3

Detection Limit < 4 µg/m3 (1hr), 0.3 µg/m3 (24 hr)Flow Rate 16.7 LPM, adjustable 14 to 41 LPM Flow Accuracy + 1%Flow Stability + 0.5% (Typical)Flow Control Servo-Controlled ValveMass Measurement Beta Attenuation using 14C (less than

100µCi) with Geiger Muller detector Weight 64 kg. (141 lbs.)Power Consumption 1200 W

Specifications


Evaluation of Simultaneous PM 10, PM 2.5, and PM 10-2.5 Measurements Conducted in Bakersfield, CA...

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