EVALUATION OF NEW FLUORINE-BASED NON-FUMIGANT … · 15-20 slides 1. 3 field trials, 1 tomato, 2...

J.A. Desaeger,

University of Florida

Gulf Coast Research and Education Center (GCREC), Wimauma, FL

EVALUATION OF NEW FLUORINE-BASED

NON-FUMIGANT NEMATICIDES IN FLORIDA

August 13-16, 2017

3 field trials – October ‘16-March ‘17

2 tapes

• Tomato (1) , strawberry (2)

• Fluensulfone (Nimitz), fluopyram (Velum) and fluazaindolizine (Salibro), applied via drip tape (1 or 2), either by themselves or combined with other nematicides (fumigants and Vydate)

• Efficacy against root-knot (tomato), sting and lesion nematodes (strawberry)

• Effects on plant vigor and yield

• Impact on non-plant parasitic nematode groups

New fluorine (3-F) vs old nematicides

New products are less toxic and more selective – true nematicides

New modes of action – or unknown;

Different soil behavior – efficacy and application

Chemical name Trade name

Structure Soil movement / solubility (water)

Soil ½ life MOA Tox. Cat.

Fumigants (1,3-D) Many Good- Gas Short < 14 d ? Danger

Oxamyl Vydate Good- 240,000 ppm Short 7 d ACheI Danger

Fluensulfone Nimitz Medium- 545 ppm Short 7-17 d ? Caution

Fluopyram Velum Poor – 10 ppm Long > 200 d SDHII Warning

Fluazaindolizine Salibro(2019)

Medium+ 2000 ppm Medium 30 d ? TBD

Tomato Trial GCREC, Oct. ‘16-Jan. ‘17

6/4/2018

Beach sand … root-knot nematode = Meloidogyne javanica

Root gall ratings on tomato (0-10)

6/4/2018

cde cde

bc

bb

bcd

e

bc

de

a

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7 pt 3.5 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate

1 lb 1 lb +Vydate

2 Qt + 1 2 Qt +Velum

6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal

Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum Kpam UTC

Ga

ll i

nd

ex

(0

-10

)

4 weeks 8 weeks 14 weeks

Low-medium RKN pressure;

all nematicides reduced gall

ratings end of the season

Root-knot nematode soil counts end of seasonPre-plant and post-treatment soil counts were very low (0-1 J2 / 200 cc soil)

6/4/2018

ab

b

ab

ab

b b

b

ab

ab

a

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3.5 pt 7 pt 3.5 pt +Vydate

1 lb 1 lb +Vydate


6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal

Nimitz Salibro Vydate Velum K-pam UTC

J2

's/2

00

cc

soil

Other PPN: stubby, lance, sting, lesion, spiral, ring, sheath

nematodes

Plant vigor(NDVI) during the season

7

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

4 weeks 6 weeks 8 weeks 11 weeks

ND

VI

(0-1

)

Nimitz + Vydate

Velum + Vydate

Salibro + Vydate

Vydate + Vydate

K-pam

Check

K-pam

Check

K-pam Check

New nematicides had similar crop vigor, in between check and K-pamGreenseeker

Tomato Fruit Yield – 3 picks

6/4/2018

b

ab

b b

bb

b

b

a

b

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


1 lb 1 lb +Vydate


6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal


LB

S P

ER

PL

OT

1st pick 2nd pick 3th pick

Sclerotium rolfsii

Strawberry – 2 farms

- 3-F nematicides with and w/out fumigants

9

• FSGA farm, fumigant = K-pam (metam)

• GCREC farm, fumigant = C-35 (1,3-D + chloropicrin)

• 3-F nematicides: Nimitz, Velum and Salibro

FSGA farm, Dover, FL: nematicide application (pre-plant, left), post-plant (right)

Metam – None- Metam - None

Sting nematodes in soil – no significant effect of nematicidesor K-pam (FSGA farm)

0

50

100

150

200

250

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lb x2

0.5 lb x3

7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb +0.5 lb

Nimitz Velum Salibro UTC Nimitz Velum Salibro UTC

K-pam None

Ne

ma

tod

es p

er

20

0 c

c so

il

Mid season Late season

Belonolaimus longicaudatus

Lesion nematodes in soil – no significant effect of nematicidesor K-pam (FSGA farm)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lbx 2

0.5 lbx 3

7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb +0.5 lb


K-pam None

Nem

ato

des

per

20

0 c

c so

il


Pratylenchus penetrans

Lesion nematode inside roots

Lesion nematodes collected from strawberry roots over 24 days

Salad spinner extraction

12

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

# n

ema

tod

es p

er 5

g r

oo

t

Salibro Nimitz UTC Velum0100200300400500600700

# n

ema

tod

es p

er 1

0 g

ro

ots

Lesion nematodes collected from strawberry roots - peak after 12

days

Lesion nematodes inside strawberry roots


13

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Nim

itz

Vel

um

Sa

lib

ro

UT

C

Nim

itz

Vel

um

Q8

1lb

Q8

1 l

b +

0.5

UT

C

kpam none (P=0.04)

# n

ema

tod

es/5

g r

oo

t0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Nim

itz

Vel

um

Sa

lib

ro

UT

C

Nim

itz

Vel

um

Q8

1lb

Q8

1 l

b +

0.5

UT

C

kpam none

# n

ema

tod

es/5

g r

oo

t

Numerical differences mostly, slight significant difference late season non-fumigated

Sting (+ lesion) nematode

damage + black root rotFSGA farm

Plant vigor (NDVI) similar early … fumigants better later

6/4/2018

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

25

-Oct

1-N

ov

8-N

ov

15-N

ov

22

-No

v

29

-No

v

6-D

ec

13-D

ec

20

-Dec

27

-Dec

3-J

an

10-J

an

17-J

an

24

-Ja

n

31-

Ja

n

7-F

eb

ND

VI

(0-1

)

FSGA farm – high nematodes

Fumigant (K-pam) No fumigant

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

31-

Oct

7-N

ov

14-N

ov

21-

No

v

28

-No

v

5-D

ec

12-D

ec

19-D

ec

26

-Dec

2-J

an

9-J

an

16-J

an

23

-Ja

n

30

-Ja

n

6-F

eb

13-F

eb

ND

VI

(0-1

)

GCREC farm – no nematodes

Fumigant (C-35) No fumigant

New nematicides had similar crop vigor, no negative effect on strawberry

Strawberry Fruit Yields 2016-17

FSGA, Dover, FL (10 picks) GCREC, Wimauma, FL (11picks)

16

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

3.5pt

6.5oz

0.5lb

0.5lb x

2

0.5lb x

3

7 pt 6.5oz

1 lb 1lb +0.5lb

NimitzVelum Salibro UTCNimitzVelum Salibro UTC

K-pam None

Fru

it w

eig

ht

(kg

) p

er p

lot

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

3.5pt

6.5oz

0.5lb

0.5lb +0.5lb

3.5pt

6.5oz

1 lb 1lb +0.5lb

NimitzVelum Salibro UTCNimitzVelum Salibro UTC

C-35 None

Fru

it w

eig

ht

(kg

) p

er p

lot

Charcoal rot, Macrophomina phaseolina, FSGA farm

… no effect of nematicides or fumigant

Nematode feeding groups in tomato -

Early season, 10-20 days post-treatment

6/4/2018 (7-21

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Nimitz Half

Nimitz Full

Velum

Salibro

Vydate

Check

K-pam

Number per 150 cc soil

Bacterivores Fungivores (P<0.01) Omnivores (P<0.01) Herbivores

(a) bacterial feeder, (b) fungal feeder, (c) plant feeder, (d)

predator, (e) omnivore.

Fungivores, omnivores and herbivores

knocked out … no effect of new nematicides

Nematode feeding groups in tomato –

Late season, 120 days post-treatment

18

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Nimitz Half

Nimitz Full

Salibro

Vydate+Velum

Velum+Vydate

Vydate

Check

K-pam


Bacterivores (P=0.01) Fungivores (ns) Omnivores (ns) Herbivores (P<0.01)

Herbivores dominate, minor

differences among other

feeding groups

Nematode feeding groups in strawberry

with or w/o K-pam (early, mid and late season, FSGA, FL)

19

B

B

B

B

B

B

F

F

F

F

F

F

2

1

H

H

H

H

0 200 400 600 800 1000

K-pam

No fumigant

K-pam

No fumigant

K-pam

No fumigant

ea

rly

se

as

on

mid

se

as

on

late

se

as

on


Bacterivores (P=0.03 mid season)

Fungivores (P<0.001 early and mid, P=0.05 late season)

Omnivores (P<0.01 early, P=0.08 mid season)

Herbivores

No effect of new nematicides

Non-parasitic nematodes in strawberry

with or w/o C-35 (early, mid and late season, GCREC, FL)

20

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

C-35

No fumigant

C-35

No fumigant

C-35

No fumigant

ea

rly

se

as

on

mid

se

as

on

late

se

as

on


Bacterivores (P=0.08 early and mid season)

Fungivores (P<0.01 ealy and mid, P=0.04 late season)

Omnivores (P<0.01 mid season)

Herbivores

No effect of new nematicides

New 3-F Nematicides

▫ Less toxic and safer to use – no more danger label

▫ More selective – true nematicides – less impact on non-parasitic nematode feeding groups

▫ New modes of action – or unknown

▫ Different soil behavior – efficacy and application

▫ Not replacements for soil fumigants

6/4/2018

2016 – Gulf Coast REC Nematology Lab

22

• Andrea Ruthes

• Jake Helmer

• Mike Burrell

• Johan Desaeger

• Paul Dahlin

• Homan Regmi

• Chenzhao “Bonnie” Xie

• David Moreira

15-20 slides

1. 3 field trials, 1 tomato, 2 strawberry

2. New nematicides – name and properties

3. Efficacy with and w/out fumigants

1. Root-knot in tomato - gall ratings and soil counts – gall ratings on 2nd crop

2. Sting and lesion in strawberry – soil and root counts

3. Fumigants in tomato and strawberry production in FL

4. Impact on non-plant parasitic soil nematode groups

1. New nematicides

2. Fumigation

5. Effect on tomato and strawberry growth and yield

1. NDVI tomato and strawberry

2. Yield tomato and strawberry

3. NDVI and yield – correlation?

6. ….

6/4/2018

Tomato trial – October ‘16-January ‘17Treatment Rate/A Application time

Nimitz 7 pt 7 d pre-plant

Nimitz 3.5 pt 7 d pre-plant

Salibro 1 lb ai At plant

Nimitz + Vydate 3.5 pt + 1 qt 7 days pre-plant + 20 DAP

Salibro + Vydate 1 lb ai + 1 qt At plant + 20 DAP

Velum + Vydate 6.5 0z + 1 qt At plant + 30 d post-plant

Vydate + Velum 2 qt + 6.5 oz At plant + 20 DAP

Vydate + Vydate 2 qt + 1 qt At plant + 20 DAP

K-pam 62.5 gal 15 days pre-plant

UTC

Crop: Tomato cv. HM1823 planted on September 29,

2016 using a transplanter (24” spacing, 25 plants per

plot), with fertilizer (20-20-20) and Venom applied in

the transplant water; 50 ft long rows, 6 reps

2 tapes

Vigor “ratings” vs “measurements” (“Johan vs Trimble”)

6/4/2018

NDVI 4 weeks: y = 0.06x - 0.089R² = 0.68

NDVI 8 weeks: y = 0.06x + 0.087R² = 0.89

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10

ND

VI

(0-1

)

Vigor rating (1-10)

Vigor rating (3 weeks) vs NDVI

Other plant-parasitic nematodes end of season (GCREC, Jan ‘17)

– stubby, lance, sting, lesion, spiral, ring, sheath nematodes

6/4/2018

Less stubby root nematodes when post-plant Vydate application

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


1 lb 1 lb +Vydate


6.5 oz +Vydate

60 gal


# p

er 2

00

cc

soil

Stubby root (P=0.04) Lance

Strawberry trialsFarm Pre-plant Treatment Rate/A Application time

FSGA None Nimitz 7 pt 7 d pre-plant

Salibro 1 lb At plant

Salibro 1 lb + 0.5 At plant + 30 days

Velum Prime 6.5 oz At plant

UTC

K-pam Nimitz 480 EC 3.5 pt At plant

Salibro 0.5 20 d post-plant

Salibro 0.5 + 0.5 20 and 40 d post-plant

Salibro 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 At plant + 20 + 40 DAP

Velum Prime 6.5 oz 30-40 d post-plant

UTC

GCREC None Nimitz 7 pt

Velum 6.5 oz

Salibro 1 lb ai At plant

1 lb + 0.5 At plant + 30 days

UTC

C-35 Nimitz 3.5 pt

Velum 6.5 oz

Salibro 0.5 30 DAP

0.5 + 0.5 30 and 45 d post-plant

UTC

Mid season - Sting and lesion

nematodes in soil– no differences …

29

0

50

100

150

200

250

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lb x2

0.5 lb x3

7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb +0.5 lb


K-pam None

# n

ema

tod

es/2

00

cc

soil

sting lesion

End of season - sting and lesion

nematodes in soil– no differences …

30

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lb x2

0.5 lb x3

7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb +0.5 lb


K-pam None

# n

ema

tod

es/2

00

cc

soil

sting lesion

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Nimitz Velum Salibro UTC Nimitz Velum Q8 1lb Q8 1 lb +0.5

UTC

kpam none

# n

ema

tod

es/5

g r

oo

t

# lesion nematodes end of season (5 g roots)

31

Lesion nematodes in roots – no effect of nematicides or K-pam

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lb x2

0.5 lb x3

7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb +0.5 lb


K-pam None

Nem

ato

des

per

5 g

ro

ots

mid season late season

33

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lb x 2 0.5 lb x 3 7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb + 0.5lb


K-pam None

# n

ema

tod

es/2

00

cc

soil

Early season Mid season Late season

Bacterivores, strawberry, FSGA … no difference …

no effect of nematicides or fumigant

Fungivores … no effect of nematicides, significant

reduction with fumigant (strawberry, FSGA)

34

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

3.5 pt 6.5 oz 0.5 lb 0.5 lb x 2 0.5 lb x 3 7 pt 6.5 oz 1 lb 1lb + 0.5lb


K-pam None

# n

ema

tod

es/2

00

cc

soil


Fumigant effect:

Early and Mid (P<0.001), Late (P=0.02)

35

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

early (P<0.01) mid (P<0.01) late (P=0.05)

# n

ema

tod

es/2

00

cc

soil

Fungivores

K-pam No K-pam

Bacterivores, strawberry, FSGA

36

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

3.5 pt

6.5 oz

0.5 lb

0.5 lb x 2

0.5 lb x 3

7 pt

6.5 oz

1 lb

1lb + 0.5 lb

Ni

mit z

Ve

lu

mS

ali

br

oU

T C

Ni

mit z

Ve

lu

mS

ali

br

oU

T C

K-p

am

No

ne



Non-Plant-parasitic nematodes

• Impact throughout growing season

• Fumigation vs no fumigation• Non-fumigant nematicides• Fumigants vs nematicides

▫ K-pam vs new nematicides in tomato

▫ K-pam vs new nematicides in strawberry

▫ C-35 vs new nematicides in strawberry

• Nematicides vs nematicides▫ Vydate vs new Fluorine

nematicides

37

Nematodes can be classified into different feeding groups

based on the structure of their mouthparts. (a) bacterial

feeder, (b) fungal feeder, (c) plant feeder, (d) predator, (e)

omnivore.

How do nematicides / fumigants affect non-parasitic

nematode feeding groups? (“soil health”)

• Significant effect on non-plant-parasitic nematodes with the fumigant early season, but not for the non-fumigant nematicides

• By the end of the season, only root-knot soil numbers were reduced for all nematicides; non-parasitic feeding groups were similar for all nematicides (fumigant and non-fumigant) showed , except for fluopyram , which showed lowest number of esp. fungivorousnematodes

6/4/2018

Nematodes can be classified into different feeding groups

based on the structure of their mouthparts. (a) bacterial

feeder, (b) fungal feeder, (c) plant feeder, (d) predator, (e)

omnivore.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Tomato Strawberry Strawberry

Chart Title

Fumigant B'vore F'vores O'vores H'vores

39

Nematicide Testing 2017

• GCREC:▫ Tomato, watermelon – root-knot▫

• Grower fields: ▫ cantaloupe and cucumber – root-knot▫ Strawberry –sting, foliar, root-knot, lesion

• New Nematicides▫ Only nematode control

no effect on soilborne fungi and weeds (>< fumigants) no effect on insects (>< Vydate)

▫ Good fit in double crops (via drip)▫ First crop vegetables (strawberries)?

Combined with fumigants, or mixed with soil fungicides and herbicides?

6/4/2018

Several farms with root-knot damage March 2017 –

strawberries and double-crop cantaloupe, watermelon, …

41

Nematicide rescue trial on-farm

• Northern root-knot nematode field

• 100 ft plots, 4 reps

• Nimitz @ 7 pts 7 days pre-plant

• Velum @ 6.5 oz 2 days pre-plant

• Vydate and Majestene 1 day pre-plant and 40 days post plant, resp. 2 qt + 1 qt and 2 gal + 1 gal

• Root gall index at 40 and 70 days

42

43

a aab

abb

a

b

ab

b b

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Check Majestene Vydate Velum Nimitz

Gal

l In

dex

(0

-10

)

M. hapla Root Infection on Cantaloupe

40 days 70 days

Soil Behavior / Fate

of Nematicides

Crop

RemovalPhoto-

decomposition

Biological

degradationChemical

decomposition

Metabolism

Leaching

Absorption & Exudation

Volatilization

Adsorption

Spray coverage

Capillary

flow

6/4/2018

EVALUATION OF NEW FLUORINE-BASED NON-FUMIGANT … · 15-20 slides 1. 3 field trials, 1 tomato, 2...

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Transcript of EVALUATION OF NEW FLUORINE-BASED NON-FUMIGANT … · 15-20 slides 1. 3 field trials, 1 tomato, 2...