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Evaluation of geometrical parameters of buildings from SAR images
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UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI NAPOLI “FEDERICO II”
FACOL
TESI DI LAUREA
Evaluation of geometrical parameters of buildingsfrom SAR images
RELATORE: CANDIDATO:CH.MO PROF. FEDERICO MARIA ARIU’ANTONIO IODICE MATR. 528/1127
CORRELATORE:ING. GERARDO DI MARTINO
ANNO ACCADEMICO 2009/2010
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Summary
Introduction and goals
Models description
Developed algorithm
Results
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Pros:• Image quality not depending on:Solar illuminationWeather trends
• Wide coverage area• High resolution
Cons:• Need of processing data to obtain the image
SAR images
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Geometrical distorsions
Layover
Shadowing
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Electromagnetic diffusionmodel
Single scattering
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Electromagnetic diffusionmodel
Double scattering
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EM scattering from buildings
BW=Backscattering from WallBR= Backscattering from RoofBG=Backscattering from GroundD= Double scattering
T= Triple scatteringLr =Range size of LayoverSr =Range size of ShadowS= Shadow
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Scattering modelDouble scattering
)0(''2
sintanexp
)0(''2
1
cos4
sintan1
4costan
2
22
222
222
2
0
CCkS
khl
pq
2
0
22
0
4
E
ErS
θ: detector angle φ: building orientation angle in respect to the detector azimuthk: propagation constantσ2: standard deviationh: buildings height
l: buildings length
Spq: scattering matrix
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Evaluation of orientationangle:usefulness
Geometrical knowledge
Geometrical and electromagnetic parameters retrieval
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Height retrieval
Geometrical method:
Radiometric method:
cos
rL
h cosr
Sh
b
ah
0where
)0(''2
sintanexp
)0(''2
1
cos4
sintan1costan
2
22
222
22
CCklb
22
4
pqSk
a
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Double scattering line retrieval
M
Scanning equiazimuth
ith row
Zero-Padding
correlation
Retrieval ofmaxima
Ideal sinc
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Double scattering line analysis
The software returns coordinates and intensity of the dotsforming the double scattering line.
y=mx+q
m=tanα
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Linear regression
Given a cloud of sampled dots, the linear regression supplies the straight line that rounds best the trend of the cloud of dots.
iiiuXY
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Choosing the linearregression algorithm
The chosen algorithm minimizes minimizza lo scarto assoluto.
ABSOLUTE DEVIATION STANDARD DEVIATION
y
x
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SAR images simulations: 512 x 512 SENSOR OVERVIEW
Platform height h = 20 Km
Platform speed v = 0.9 Km/s
View angle θ = 28°
Antenna dim(azimuth)
Antenna dim (range)
Carrier frequency f = 1.282 GHz
Pulse duration τ = 1.9 μs
Chirp pulse bandwidth Δf = 14 MHz
Sampling frequency fsamp = 31 MHz
Pulse repetitionfrequency
p.r.f. = 350 Hz
Azimuth resolution Δx = 2.5714 m
Range resolution Δy = 10.3067 m
mLSARx
5.8
mLSARr
5.1
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SAR images simulations: 512x512 sensor
Simulation 1: φ = 10
φs = 15.0°
Simulation 2: φ = 25
φs = 26.6°
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SAR images simulations: ERS-1 C SENSOR OVERVIEW
Platform height h = 775 Km
Platform speed v = 6.7 Km/s
View angle θ = 23°
Antenna dim(azimuth)
Antenna dim (range)
Carrier frequency f = 5.3 GHz
Pulse duration τ = 37.1 μs
Chirp pulse bandwidth Δf = 15.55 MHz
Sampling frequency fsamp = 18.98 MHz
Pulse repetitionfrequency
p.r.f. = 1.68 kHz
Azimuth resolution Δx = 3.9860 m
Range resolution Δy = 19.9285 m
mLSARx
1.11
mLSARr
0.1
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SAR images simulations: ERS-1 C sensor
Simulation 1: φ = 10
φs = 10.1°
Simulation 2: φ = 30
φs = 30.0°
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Conclusions
Pros:
• Good accuracy depending on the numbers of dotsthat belong to the line.
Cons:
• Range of angles to be evaluate low.