Evaluation and impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar ... scheme/SGSY... · independence, the issue...
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Evaluation and impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana in generating sustainable livelihoods in Madhya Pradesh Submitted By: Karanpreet Singh PRM student Institute of Rural Management, Anand Submitted to: Department of Panchayat and Rural Development, Government of Madhya Pradesh Reporting officer- M.B. Ojha, Director, Rural employment, Govt. of M.P
Transcript of Evaluation and impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar ... scheme/SGSY... · independence, the issue...
Evaluation and impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar
Yojana in generating sustainable livelihoods in Madhya
Pradesh
Submitted By:
Karanpreet Singh
PRM student
Institute of Rural Management, Anand
Submitted to:
Department of Panchayat and Rural Development,
Government of Madhya Pradesh
Reporting officer- M.B. Ojha, Director, Rural employment, Govt. of M.P
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to take this opportunity to thank Department of Panchayat and Rural
Development, Govt. of Madhya Pradesh and The School of Good Governance and
policy analysis, for appointing me for summer internship programme. I would like to
thank, particularly the Director, Rural employment, Mr. M.B. Ojha and Assistant project
officer, SGSY, Bhopal, Mr. Praful Joshi. I would also like to thank Assistant Project
officer, SGSY, Zila Panchayat, Ujjain Mr. Laxman Singh Dodiya and Project officer,
DRDA, Zila panchayat, Sagar, Mr.Uday Singh Gautam who shared their insights and
experiences in extensive interviews and provided their full support ad cooperation in
succesfull conduction of the study in their Districts.
I am highly grateful to my reporting officer Mr. M.B. Ojha for making all arrangements,
facilitating the study and giving critical inputs. I am highly indebted to CEOs and field
staff of Janpad Panchayats of Ujjain and Sagar, and Lead bank Manager of Ujjain and
Sagar.
Last but not the least I am thankful to all the members of Self help groups of Ujjain and
Sagar to find out time for extensive interviews despite their busy schedule and share
their trouble and activities.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Title: Evaluation and imapact of Swarnajayanti Grameen Swarojgar Yojana in generating sustainable livelihoods in Madhya Pradesh Organization: Department of Panchayat and Rural Development, Government of Madhya Pradesh Reporting Officer: Mr. M.B. Ojha Objectives: This study Evaluates and assess the impact of Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana in generating sustainable livelihoods in Madhya Pradesh
Methodology:
1. Sample survey Questionnaire and Group interviews with SHGs. 2. Structured and unstructured interviews- District and Block level officials and Lead Bank Managers 3. Unobtrusive observation
DATA SOURCES 1. Primary: Members of Self help groups 2. Secondary: The secondary data will be collected from rural employment dept. (Bhopal), District and Rural Banks, Block and Panchayat office, Literature review, Govt. of India and Govt. of M.P website. Major findings: The implementation of SGSY at grass root level is very tardy. It usually takes one to three years for SHGs to get just first grading after the formation of SHG. To reach up to the level for being eligible for credit assistance and subsidy takes even more time. On an average 40% SHGs of total formed till date gets defunct. The SHGs getting credit assistance range from 5% to 25% only. Thus working at this pace SGSY objective of bringing SHG members from APL to BPL within three years can never be achieved. The financial services provided to the SHG, most crucial for their upliftment is in complete shackles. The attitude of banks towards them and policy is completely pessimistic. The training provided to the SHGs is also in dismal state. The marketing support to be provided to the SHGs is almost absent. Though enough work has been done in terms of formation of SHGs but due to tardy and cumbersome implementation process many SHGs have become defunct. Conclusion: Though SGSY covers all the aspects of poverty alleviation programmes which earlier programmes lacked, but failure of implementing agencies to work efficiently and in tandem with each other has ultimately led to near failure of the scheme. The issues faced are at almost all the stages of the scheme ranging from group formation, grading, training, and selection of economic activity, credit assistance to marketing support. Unless and until those issues of grading, training, credit and marketing are resolved this scheme will also fail like its predecessor schemes of poverty alleviation.
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Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………….....5
2. Poverty alleviation programs…………………………………………………….....6
IRDP………………………………………………………………………………...6
SGSY………………………………………………………………………………..7
NRLM………………………………………………………………………………11
3. Objectives of the study……………………………………………………………...17
4. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………..19
5. Findings-
1. Ujjain……………………………………………………………………………20
2. Sagar……………………………………………………………………………38
6. Problems/Issues………………………………………………………………………60
7. Recommendations……………………………………………………………………63
8. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………..66
9. Limitations of the study……………………………………………………………..67
Annexures
I Questionnaire……………………………………………………………………………i
II. .List of infrastructure created in Ujjain in Year 2009-2010
III.List of SHGs whose loan still not disbursed after being sanctioned…………v
IV.List of infrastructure created in Ujjain in Year 2009-2010………………………vii
V.List of SHGs who’s CC limit not formed, subsidy cheques released………...xix
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Introduction The SGSY, a centrally sponsored Scheme of the Ministry of Rural Development, is the
largest credit-based poverty alleviation program in the world. Poverty in India is
widespread with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. According to a
2005 World Bank estimate, 42% of India falls below the international poverty line of
$1.25 a day (PPP, in nominal terms Rs. 21.6 a day in urban areas and Rs 14.3 in rural
areas); having reduced from 90% in 1980. According to the criterion used by
the Planning Commission of India 27.5% of the population was living below the poverty
line in 2004–2005, down from 51.3% in 1977–1978, and 36% in 1993-1994. Since its
independence, the issue of poverty within India has remained a prevalent concern. As
of 2010, more than 37% of India’s population of 1.35 billion still lives below the poverty
line. More than 22% of the entire rural population and 15% of the urban population of
India exists in this difficult physical and financial predicament.
The poverty status in state of Madhya Pradesh is even worse than rest of India. It
is counted in top ten poorest states of India. Rather as per one of the reports of planning
commission of India Madhya Pradesh along with Orissa have shown virtually no
reduction in poverty levels. In fact, these are the states where the absolute number of
poor has actually gone up between 1993-94 and 1999-2000. Thus in light of this fact
issues regarding implementation of poverty alleviation programs in Madhya Pradesh
become much more relevant. The ongoing povert alleviation programme in every district
of M.P is SGSY. The SGSY is soon going to be converged in NRLM. This study looks
into the facts and figures regarding the implementation of SGSY and also tries to
expolore problems and issues faced at district and block levels in implementation. It
also attempts to know the problems faced by SHGs(Benefeciaries) and what all impact
it has produced in their lives.
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Poverty Alleviation Programs
Since the 1950s, the Indian government and non-governmental organizations have
initiated several programs to alleviate poverty,including subsidizing food and other
necessities, increased access to loans, improving agricultural techniques and price
supports, and promoting education and family planning. These measures have helped
eliminate famines, cut absolute poverty levels by more than half, and reduced illiteracy
and malnutrition. The major poverty alleviation programmes till now had been-
1. Integrated Rural Development Programme
With the main objective of improving the asset base of the poor and to involve the poor
in the production/income generation processes ofthe economy, Integrated Rural
Development Programme (IRDP) was initiated. IRDP was taken up initially in 2300
blocks and has been extended to all the blocks of the country since 2nd October, 1980.
Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and its allied programmes of Training
Rural Youth for Self-Employment (TRYSEM) and Development of Women and Children
in Rural Areas (DWCRA), etc. are major self-employment programmes for poverty
alleviation. The basic objective of IRDP was to enable identified rural poor families to
augment their incomes and cross the poverty line through acquisition of credit based
productive assets. Assistance is given in the form of subsidy by the government and
term credit by the financial institutions for income generating activities. This was a
centrally sponsored scheme funded on 50:50 basis by the Centre and the states. It was
stipulated that at least 50 per cent of the assisted families should belong to Scheduled
Caste and Scheduled Tribe categories. It was also required that at least 40 per cent of
those assisted should be women under this programme.
The Training of Rural Youth for Self- Employment (TRYSEM) was to train
rural youth from the target group of families in skills so as to enable them to take up
self/wage employment. It has been laid down that the coverage of youth from SC and
ST communities should be at least 50 per cent of the rural youth trained. Out of the total
beneficiaries, at least 40 per cent should be women.
The Programme of Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas
(DWCRA) aimed to improve the socio-economic status of the poor women in the rural
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areas through creation of group of women for income generating activities on a self-
sustaining basis.
The Million Wells Scheme (MWS) which was earlier a sub-scheme of JRY, was
funded by the Centre and states in the ratio of 80:20. The objective of the MWS was to
provide open irrigation wells free of cost to poor, small and marginal farmers belonging
to SCs/STs and freed bonded labour
2. Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)
SGSY is a holistic programme covering all aspects of self employment for rural BPL
population. It is an amalgamation of six major programmes which preceded it, viz.,
IRDP, DWCRA, SITRA, TRYSEM, MWS and GKY. The programme was announced in
1997 to commemorate fifty years of India’sIndependence, and initiated in 1999/2000.
Objective: To bring the rural BPL families (swarozgaris above the poverty line by
ensuring appreciable increase in income on a sustainable basis through creation of self
employment opportunities through a mix of credit and subsidy.
Brief of the Scheme: The scheme is based on the assumption that poverty is a Multi
dimensional problem and needs to be tackled holistically through a multi-pronged
strategy. Woven around the mechanism of Self-Help Groups (SHGs), the SGSY has
been designed to break the financial, technical and market constraints that the
individual BPL households face to cross the threshold of poverty line.
The main components of the scheme include:
(i) Formation of SHGs of rural poor households;
(ii) Capacity building training for managing the SHGs and skill training to take up micro-
enterprises;
(iii) Strengthening thrift and credit in SHGs by providing revolving fund support;
(iv) Credit linkage with banks/other financial institutions and back ended subsidy for
eligible SHGs/members to take up micro enterprises;
(v)Provision of support for marketing and infrastructure creation to strengthen the
forward and backward linkages;
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(vi)Technology inputs for micro enterprises. In addition, 15% of the total SGSY
allocation is earmarked for special SGSY projects in the nature of pioneer/innovative
projects capable of triggering growth impulses.
The scheme involves selection of key activities and planning of activity clusters.
The scheme is implemented through District Rural Development Agencies (DRDAs)
with active involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), banks, line Departments
of the state governments and Non- Government Organizations (NGOs). Subsidy under
the SGSY to individual swarojgaris is uniform at 30% of the project cost, subject to a
maximum of Rs.7,500. In respect of SCs/STs and disabled persons, the subsidy is 50%
of the project cost, subject to a maximum of Rs.10,000/-. For groups of Swarozgaris
(SHGs), the subsidy is 50 growth impulses to ensure a time bound programme for
bringing specific number of rural BPL families above the poverty line.
Several evaluation studies have shown that the scheme is relatively successful in
alleviating rural poverty wherever systematic mobilization of the poor into SHGs, their
capacity building and skill development was taken up in a process-intensive manner. An
Overview of the implementation of the scheme in the country over the last ten years
throws up a mixed picture. Dedicated administrative structures created in Andhra
Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu etc for taking up these tasks have immensely contributed
to the success of SHG movement there. The robust network of SHGs and their
federations in these states have enabled the poor to access substantial institutional
credit and overcome some of the critical technical and market constraints they would
otherwise have to face. But elsewhere in the country, the progress of the scheme has
been rather slow. In terms of coverage of rural BPL households in the SHGs, it has
taken more than 10 years to create 17 lakh SHGs and in order to complete the
coverage of the remaining BPL households in rural areas, another 28 lakh SHGs need
to be formed, which is clearly a tall order in the light of not only the resource availability
but more importantly the delivery systems in place in different states. Further, the fact
that only 22 percent of the SHGs were able to access bank credit for income generating
activities including microenterprises, reflects the need for augmenting credit absorption
capacity of SHGs through systematic capacity in skill building and sustained technical,
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marketing and even placement support, besides streamlining the credit delivery system
for making available adequate and timely credit at reasonable rates.
Main Gaps/Weaknesses of SGSY-
• Uneven spread in formation of SHGs (weak in the poverty pockets of the country). In
the southern part of the country the pace of formation of SHGs as compared to the BPL
population in these states is remarkable. On the other hand the pace of formation in
northern and in eastern states is not very encouraging. In the northern and in eastern
states the rural BPL population is about 63% of thetotal country’s rural BPL population
but only 40% of total SHGs have beenformed in these States. In the southern states
there is only 11% rural BPLpopulation of the country but more than 33% of total SHGs
have been formed in these states.
• Attrition rate is very high i.e less number of SHGs are passing to Grade –I level
(65%), from Grade-I to Grade- II (29% of total SHGs) and from Grade-II tofinally
entering in the Micro Enterprise level (23% of total SHGs). Thus, only23% of total SHGs
formed are entering in the Micro enterprise level. The mainreasons for high attrition rate
are inadequate availability of funds, lower creditavailability, o low level of education &
skill, lack of beneficiaries’ ownedumbrella organization at various levels, inaccessibility
to financial institutions andnon availability of multiple doses of credit ensuring long term
hand holding.
• Issues concerning access to Credit: Poor need financial assistance to meet their
consumption needs, working capital requirement for their exiting occupations and to
purchase new income generating assets. On the demand side, there is need for
capacity building & training to enhance the credit absorption capacity & establish their
credit worthiness. On the supply side, the weakness is largely due to inaccessibility of
existing banking facilities due to sparsely spread of bank branches in the rural areas,
lack of staff in rural banks, and lack of interest/awareness on the part of bankers. In
addition, the banking system and its procedures are too complex and as such not suited
to the rural poor.
• Lack of capacity building & training due to, (i) Inadequate institutional infrastructure
(ii) lack of trainers (iii) limited capacity of existing institution and their inaccessibility to
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rural poor due to entry level barriers, high costs and distant locations (iv) lack of
umbrella organization for implementation.
• Lack of SHGs Federations at various levels: People led and people centered
organization such as federal structure encompassing federations of rural BPL SHGs
from village up to the district level are necessary to strengthen their voice, bargaining
power and reduce their dependency on external agencies. In most of the states very
few SHGs have been federated at various levels in the country.
• Inadequate Risk Mitigation: Risk coverage for the beneficiaries either for life or
property/assets and health has been almost negligible. Risk coverage for life property
and health, at least in some rudimentary form is essential to prevent upward mobile
swarozgaris from slipping back into poverty to due loss of any of these factors.
• Dedicated Implementation Structure: Inadequate Manpower in the DRDAs, lack
professionals to implement the complex and process oriented programme and existing
staff overburdened with number of schemes. Due to this no follow up under SGSY for
various activities and thus weak delivery mechanism.
• Lack of Convergence: Under NRLM special emphasis will be on convergence with
programmes of the Ministry of Rural Development as well as of other Ministries to
overcome the constraints faced by rural poor to achieve optimum results in terms of
maximizing the livelihood opportunities to the rural poor and their entitlements such as
wage employment and food security and benefits of indira Awas Yojana (IAY), drinking
water, land improvement, education, and health and risk mitigation.
• Grievance Redressal Mechanism: Majority of the rural poor belong to disadvantaged
social groups such as SC/ST, OBC & Minorities. They are not familiar with formal
systems and face all type of deprivations due to lack of proper system to address their
grievances,
• Lack of Transparency and Accountability- Act as barrier to reach the targeted
groups and enhances the chance s of coverage of in-eligible groups under the
programme. Due to non availability detailed information of SHGs, their activities and
products and ignorance about their entitlements, the rural poor are not able to get the
desired benefit of the scheme. There is need for capturing all the information starting
from the formation of SHGs till the SHGs reach at the microenterprise stage and fund
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flow mechanism, availability of credit and other financial transactions through a
dedicated MIS.
3. National Rural Livelihood Mission
Mission Objective
The central objective of the Mission is to reduce poverty among rural BPL through
promotion of diversified and gainful self-employment and wage employment
opportunities to provide appreciable increase in income on sustainable basis. In the
long run, it will ensure broad based inclusive growth and reduce disparities by spreading
out the benefits from the islands of growth across the regions, sectors and communities.
Mission Interventions
The Mission will undertake the following interventions as part of NRLM:
a) Dedicated Implementation Structure
Functionally effective institutions of the poor are the bedrock on which the restructured
SGSY is based. Mobilization of the poor into self-managed and selfgoverned institutions
is however, a process incentive task requiring a sensitive support structure, which will
respond to the needs of the BPL households through multiple ways.
At the national level, there will be a National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM)
having a National Mission Director under the MoRD. In addition to the existing staff of
SGSY the Mission will hire the services of at least 8 Mission Managers (Social
Mobilization, Institution Building and Capacity Building, Micro Finance, Food Security,
Marketing and Livelihood Promotion, Risk Mitigation, Monitoring and Learning/MIS and
Gender) from the market. The Mission will also hire the services of 8 Project Executives
to support the Mission Managers in these areas. The Mission will also hire the services
of two Computer Professionals and an Accounts Officer. All these personnel will form a
part of the Mission Management Unit.
At the state level, a Mission will be established under the direct supervision of
the State Rural Department. The state level Mission will be headed by State Mission
Director and will be facilitated by a Chief Executive Officer. Regional Coordinators will
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be appointed to oversee the implementation of the Mission activities. There will be one
regional coordinator for 14 districts. The state agency will hire the services of at least 8
Mission managers with expertise in Social Mobilization, Institution Building and Capacity
Building, Micro Finance, Marketing and Livelihood Promotion, Risk Mitigation,
Monitoring and Learning/ MIS and Gender. The state agency will also hire the services
of Computer personnel, administrative assistance and account assistants. All these
personnel will form part of the state management team. No additional post would be
created for the purpose of the Mission.
At the district level, a dedicated unit suitably linked with the DRDA willbe
established which will function as implementation arm of the state level agency. A
Project Director supported by a team of functional specialists hired on contractual basis
will be appointed to implement the Mission activities. The district units will also establish
dedicated blockLevel /sub-block level units comprising 3 to 4 functional specialists in
social mobilization and institution building, capacity building, micro finance and book
keeping.
b) Social Mobilization for Universalisation of SHGs
In order to achieve the Mission targets, one member will be mobilized from eachrural
BPL household into the SHG network by adopting a campaign mode. The services of
Community Resource Persons (CRPs) from successful groups/ Best Practitioners will
be used to accomplish the mobilization target. While undertaking social mobilization,
priority would be given to the Poorest of the Poor (PoP) households, particularly
primitive tribal groups, beggars, those belonging to the SCs, the STs and other
vulnerable sections. Wherever necessary the service of NGO will be used for supporting
mobilization. For maintaining the records and accounts of the SHGs in the first year, a
one-time assistance of Rs.1,000/- will be provided to each newly formed individual
SHG.
c) Setting up of SHG Federations/ People’s Institutions
Efforts will be made to form federations of rural BPL SHGs at the village/GP level, block
level and district level keeping in their economic viability. A bottom up and voluntary
approach will be adopted in the formation of federations. The federations may be
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registered as Societies under the relevant statutes in the states to ensure their
permanency. The federations will undertake mobilization of the left over poor
households into SHG network, and undertake several collective issues affecting the
poor such as, procurement and marketing in agricultural commodities, non-timber forest
products, dairy products, fish products and articulate common social issues. The setting
up of federal structures at various levels will form part of the state action plan and a one
time grant of Rs.10,000/- to village/panchayat level federation, Rs.20,000/- to block level
federations and Rs.1,00,000/- to district level federation would be provided as initial
start up grant to catalyze their functioning.
d) Enhanced Grant for Augmenting Revolving Fund
Three types of subsidies will be provided under the Mission. First, a revolving fund
subsidy of Rs.15,000/- per SHG would be provided to enable the SHG to consolidate
itself and access credit from the commercial banks both for consumption and income
generating activities.
e) Enhanced Capital Subsidy
A subsidy of Rs. 15,000/- to individual swarozgaris of general category and Rs.20,000/-
to SC/ST swarozgaris will be provided as capital subsidy to promote selfemployment
oriented income generating activities subject to a maximum of Rs. 2.5 lakh per SHG,
will be provided. The subsidy will be linked to the Swarozgaris/SHGs being sanctioned
credit from Public Sector Banks, other sources including financial institutions. In the
distribution of capital subsidy, priority will be given to poorest of the poor rural BPL
members. The subsidy & credit would be available to the Swarozgaris/SHGs for
upgrading the existing assets as well as creation of new assets including supply of
modern tool kits for income generations.
f) Interest Subsidy
An interest subsidy amounting to the difference between prime lending rate (PLR) and
6% will be provided to the poor households for every loan, up to a maximum loan
amount of Rs. 1.00 lakh, accessed from the banks such that they can avail loans on par
with the agricultural loans available to farmers. Interest subsidy will only be provided on
loans subsequent to the first loan for which subsidy has been availed, however, the
interest subsidy would be provided only to those borrowers who adhere to the
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repayment schedule. This will act as an incentive to promote repayment of loans by the
SHGs.
g) Steps to improve credit access
Credit constitutes a very significant element under the NRLM. Despite the expansion of
the organized banking system into rural areas, very large number of rural poor
continued to remain outside the fold of the formal banking system. To ensure
creditlinkage to the rural poor, the NRLM will make concerted efforts to strengthen their
credit worthiness and credit absorption capacity through training and capacity building
and coordinate with RBI, NABARD, Public Sector Banks and other financial institutions
to increase the coverage by banks by using technology, expansion of branch network to
unbanked areas, agency banking, Bank Mitras of SHG federations and other suitable
mechanisms.
h) Infrastructure and Marketing Support
In addition, 20% of the allocation for subsidy will be earmarked for infrastructure
development and marketing promotion. The key infrastructure bottlenecks will be
identified by the state agencies and district units and critical gaps filled in with the fund
earmarked for this purpose. The fund will also be used for providing different forms of
marketing support to the rural micro enterprises including for induction of marketing
professionals, organization of rural fairs, and exhibitions.
i) Placement linked Skill Development & Innovative livelihood projects
The National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) has been constituted to create a pool
of 50 crore trained persons by 2022. For this purpose a National Skill Development
Corporation and a National Skill Development Fund have been created. In the process
of up-scaling the operations of skill development and placement, a subset under NRLM
will supplement the efforts of NSDM. Indian economy has been on a rapid growth path
of 7-9% per annum creating widespread employment opportunities across emerging
sectors. Several labour intensive industries and service sector activities on the high
growth path (like textiles, construction, retail, leather, health care & hospitality, food
parks, housekeeping, security services, cleaning & maintenance, automobile & allied
services etc), face shortage of labour, especially at the lower end of the skill base. Such
employment opportunities are best suited for absorption of rural poor. There exists a
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vast segment of rural unemployed youth with low levels of education and skills, looking
for gainful employment but unable to capture the opportunities offered by the growth
momentum due to their low levels of education & skills, entrance test barriers and
limited capacity for paying course fees in training institutes. Hence bridging this gap can
be an important intervention as a sub set of NRLM, by matching skills of job seekers
from rural areas with skill requirements of job providers particularly in entry level jobs
and to maximize employment opportunities for rural poor from about 4.4 crore Below
Poverty Line (BPL) house holds, to bring them and their families above poverty line.
Placement Based Projects, for short term (up to 100days) training/skill development,
backed by or driven by the industry itself with assured employment/ placements can be
taken up in this component of NRLM.
Capacity Building and Training
A multi pronged approach is required for training and capacity building of SHGs
inorder to enable them to run successful micro-enterprises and come out of poverty.
The proposed approach under NRLM will be:
• Optimal use of the existing infrastructure facilities at the district as well as the block
levels such as Polytechnics, Krishi Vigya Kendras, Jan Shikshan Sansthans (JSSs),
Khadi and Village Industries Boards, State Institutes of Rural development,
ExtensionTraining Centres and other Departmental facilities available in that area.
• Setting up of dedicated training institutes for rural poor i.e. 500 Rural Self Employment
Training Institutes (RSETIs) one in each district of the country by 2012 through
replication of successful RUDSETI model.
• Dedicated structure for training and capacity building at districts and State level
involving professionals as envisaged under the National Rural Livelihood Mission
(NRLM).
• Public Private Partnerships with NGOs, Voluntary Organisations etc.
• Training of large number of trainers who would further train people down below.
This would lead to a cascading effect and benefit the poor people right at the lowest
level.
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• Creating a cadre of service providers, Community Resource Persons (CRPs) and
Master Craftsmen and utilizing their services for training of SHG beneficiaries.
Dedicated staff at the state, district and sub-district level will plan and undertake
capacity building and training programmes for the BPL SHGs and their federations.
They will also provide necessary counseling, skill upgradation and entrepreneurial
guidance necessary for undertaking income generating activities. In addition, the
services of community resource persons drawn from the senior and successful groups
will be used to build the capacities of the SHGs and their federations. Further, the state
agencies will explore the use of prime contracting and PPP models to upscale the
training and skill development programmes. The state and district units will also
undertake preparation of appropriate training manuals focused on micro finance, self
management, negotiation skills, entrepreneur skills and such other areas.
j) Rural Self Employment Training Institutes (RSETIs)
In addition, the public sector banks will be encouraged to set up Rural Self Employment
Training Institutes (RSETIs) in all districts of the country during the next three years. A
one time grant of Rs.1.00 crore will be made to set up the centers in each state, while
the state governments will be expected to provide free land for the institute.Other
recurring costs of the institutes will be borne by the sponsoring banks. About 500 Rural
Self Employment Training Institutes will be set up during XI plan period. The guidelines
relating to RSETI scheme have been prepared.
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Objectives of the study
The overall objective of the study is evaluation and impact assessment of
Swarnajayanti Garmin swarojgar Yojana in generating sustainable livelihood. The study
has been conducted in District Ujaain and Sagar in lieu of the pilot project to be
undertaken in these districts for the implementation of NRLM. The study needed to be
conducted in each and every block of both the districts so that comparison between all
the locks can be done. The objectives can be further divided into-:
1. To measure the effectiveness of type of mechanism adopted and arrangements
made for planning, co-ordination, monitoring and implementation of the scheme.
2. The extent to which utilization of funds were made as per the guidelines of the
scheme.
3. To portray as to what extent the scheme has generated the needed benefits. .
4. To evaluate the appropriateness, effectiveness and present status of the key
activities selected for various swarojgaris.
5. To evaluate all the marketing services, initiatives and infrastructure provided to
SHGs.
6. To identify the problems in the implementation of the scheme and reasons for tardy
implementation, if any.
7. To find possible solutions to these problems
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TYPES OF DATA
Quantitative data: The various data collected was
1. No. of SHGs formed- Active and defunct
2. No. of Swarojgaris added
3. Total Allocation, release and utilization of funds- Revolving fund, cash credit
limit, funds for training, subsidy and infrastructure.
4. Stages of grading passed by SHGs
5. Financial assistance provided to the SHGs- Revolving fund and Loan
6. Status of SHGs- Corpus fund and assets created.
7. Increase in income per swarojgari.
Qualitative Data: Under qualitative data collection following points would be covered-
1. Change in life of swarozgaris - Increase in assets, health and education
standards etc.
2. Quality of financial services provided
3. Quality of training and skill enhancement
4. Selected activities (Key activities) - Sector wise (Primary, secondary and
tertiary)
5. Current status and appropriateness of select activities.
6. Marketing initiatives- Past trends, current status and effectiveness
7. Status of SHG- Meeting, Decision making, savings and interloaning.
8. Role of various officials- Like APO, ADEO and concerned bank officials.
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SAMPLING
The study has been conducted in two districts. First one is Ujjain, other is Sagar. Both
these districts have been selected for pilot study being conducted for replacement of
SGSY Scheme with National rural livelihood mission. One village of each block of both
the districts would be covered. This would give a comparative aspect of every block. It
makes it six villages of Ujjain and eleven of Sagar making a total of 17 blocks.
The selection of villages was done so as to cover at least one activity of
every sector (Primary, secondary and tertiary), at least one women and one men SHG,
and covering at least one SHG at each stage (Group formation, Group stabilization,
Microcredit and Micro enterprise development) per block. Thus one can get the status
of SHGs at various stages, SHGs taking activities of each sector and also leadership
comparison gender wise can be done. Since the inception of scheme many SHGs have
become defunct while others are active. Thus there is a need to know any specific or
distinct reasons for them becoming defunct.
Hence after the selection of villages one active SHG and one defunct SHG, if
any in that village would be taken for the study. If somehow no defunct SHG could be
located in the selected villages 2-3 defunct SHGs per block would be studied in other
villages.
METHODOLOGY
1. Sample survey Questionnaire and Group interviews of atleast 5-6 members of
SHGs selected.
2. Structured and unstructured interviews- District and Block level officials and
Lead Bank Mangers
3. Unobtrusive observation
DATA SOURCES
1. Primary – Members of Self help groups.
2. Secondary-The secondary data will be collected from
Rural employment dept. (Bhopal), District and Rural Banks, Block and Panchayat
office, Literature review, Govt. of India and Govt. of M.P website.
20
Findings of Ujjain
District level
1. SHG formation
There are 6 blocks in the Ujjain district comprising a total of 1099 villages. The name of
these blocks are- Ujjain, Ghatiya, Tarana, Badnagar, Mehidpur, Khachhrod .Since the
inception of the SGSY scheme from 01-04-1999 a total of 7066 SHGs under the
scheme have been formed in the district.
Out of these groups approximately 3415 have now become defunct rest are
active. Looking at the composition gender wise out of 7066 SHGs formed 3464 SHGS
comprise of women, rest 3602 were men SHGs barring a very few SHGs comprising of
both men and women. This number is slightly below the stipulated minimum 50%
women SHGs in the guidelines of SGSY.
Though most of the SHGs comprise of BPL families, few SHGs do contain APL
members to a maximum of 3 members per group. These APL members are added in
the some cases where it was not possible for BPL member to be included in the group
or in few other cases where SHG was formed before 2003, few members moved to APL
from BPL. The following figure shows the genderwise distribution of SHGs in Ujjain
District.
Male51%
Female49%
Gender wise composition of SHGs
21
2. Grading
Though group formation is of considerable strength, when we look at the no. of groups
who were graded the results are not encouraging. Out of 7066 groups formed only 2546
had got first grading. The total amount spent by District for revolving fund for the year
2009-2010 is 27.64 lacs out of 329 lacs available as total SGSY fund. This comes out to
be approximately 8.5%. Hence 1.5% funds for revolving fund have been
underutilized. 1300 groups got second grading. Out of these 1300 only 650 had been
financed by the banks.
The problem is not only in less no. of groups who have been graded first
and second and then financed. There are many groups who have not been given
CC limit by banks even after receiving the Revolving fund and many groups who
have been just given the Revolving fundd credited to their savings account not as
CC limit.
3. Training
The training given to the SHGs Ujjain was found to be of very poor quality. The Basic
orientation training (BOT) is even worse than skill up gradation training. The BOT is
provided only once to the groups that too of a formality sake by ADEOs or the animators
at the time of formation of groups that too only to the head (adhyaksh) and secretary
(sachiv) of the group. Rests of the members are totally unaware of that. In few of the
worst cases that too is not provided by the ADEOs or animators. Moreover in many
cases no one in the group is literate so account books and registers are either unfilled
or incomplete or being filled by some other person mainly husbands, sons or any other
male member of adhyaksh or sachiv family.
Looking at the skill up gradation training, it is being conducted by the Zila panchayats
not by the Janpads or the blocks. Mostly NGOs are used for providing it. Basically two
anomalies were found in skill up gradation training –
1. Despite a wide range of economic activities carried out by SHGs in Sagar skill up
gradation training is provided mainly for Dairy activity followed by candle and Agarbatti
22
production and Masala making. Rests of the activities are almost neglected as there is
no need of training for them.
2. There was a clear cut mismatch between the economic activities selected by the
group as their livelihood ad the activity for which training is provided. For example a
group engaged in Dairy was given training for masala making.The Zila panchayat
selects an NGO and the training to be provided and instructs the Blocks to arrange for
the SHGs to attend the training completely overlooking the activity being done or likely
to be done by the SHG.
Moreover training given is too of poor quality, given once to a group or in some cases
even never given.
In year 2009-2010 utilization of funds for training was as follows-
1. Basic orientation training (BOT) - 11.5 lacs
2. Skill up gradation training- 21.84 lacs
This brings to a total of 33.34 lacs, approximately 10% of total allocated funds for SGSY
(329 Lacs). Thus in case of training there is no overutilization or underutilization.
One of the important findings regarding the utilization of funds for Basic orientation
training is that though a huge amount of 33.34 lacs has been spent in 2009-2010 and
had been spent likely in previous years. Most of the SHGs respondents told to have
not got any BOT by NGO or other people except ADEOs. This poses a serious
question on utilization of funds for BOT.
4. Loan/Financing
The SHGs who have been financed by the banks are too small in number in
comparison to no. of groups formed. Till date only 1088 groups (438 after firsr
grading and 650 after second grading) have been financed by the banks out of the
7066 groups formed i.e. only 15.39%. This becomes one of the important reasons
for the failure of the scheme and for making many groups defunct. Regarding
utilization of funds for subsidy part as per guidelines of SGSY 60% should be spent on
23
Loan subsidy but in Ujjain only 90.82 lacs have been released, which makes it 27% of
total funds (329 lacs) for the financial year 2009-2010. This clearly shows that a very
less no. of SHGs could get finance from the banks. During last year the total financial
targets for the Ujjain district was 472.18 lacs and achievement was 523.30 lacs. In
terms of financial target achievement the scenario is not so bad. But as stated above th
funds for loan subsidy were underutilized. This anomaly needs to be ckecked. The
following table provides the financial targets and their achievements in the Ujjain district
for the last five years-
Year Financial target (in lacs) Achievement (in lacs)
2009-2010 472.18 523.30
2008-2009 477.83 484.98
2007-2008 367.56 387.59
2006-2007 293.44 382.35
2005-2006 735.98 762.96
Thus from the above table we can easily interpret that financial targets have been
achieved rather overachieved in some of the years. But still if we look at the no. of
groups financed it is very low in comparison to groups formed. Only 1088 groups from a
total of 7066 formed have got loan assistance. Thus it can be concluded that the
financial targets are not in tune with the no. of groups formed. So either financial targets
should be increased or targets for SHGs should be reduced. Otherwise whole lot of
efforts in making SHGs will keep on going wasted and will also add to the hopelessness
and frustration growing in the SHGs for the scheme. All this will ultimately, lead to the
failure of the scheme.
24
5. Economic Activities-
The success of SGSY depends upon the choice of activities. The key element is that
the choice of activity should be based on the local resources, the aptitude as well as the
skill of the people. It is also necessary that the products have ready market.
The economic activities carried out by the SHGs in Ujjain had a very narrow
range. In UJJAIN the dairy activity forms 90% of all the activities. The justification given
by district officials is that due to the presence of UJJAIN Milk federation there is a huge
market for milk supply and dairy activity has high success rate. But district officials
failed to look into the backward integration i.e arrangement of fodder and cattle
feed for the buffalo and medical expenses. It is very difficult for a BPL family to
feed buffalo and also pay loan instalments for the same. Thus income from dairy
is not much and the activity is not as successful as claimed to be. After dairy
comes out the Brick kiln activity which is the second mostly activity been financed under
SGSY.
The various economic activities being carried out by the SHGs in Ujjain District
are-
1.Dairy activity- Milking
buffaloes
2. Minor irrigation
3.Dalia or raw pudding
formation
4. Tent house business
5.Tailoring 6. Spices or Masala production
7Wood work 8. Brick kiln (Eet bhatta) for construction of
houses buildings etc
9. Leather work 10. Horticulture or vegetable production
12.Goat rearing 13. Badi papad udyo
14.Candle and agarbatti
production
15. Handicrafts
25
16.General store (Kiryana
shop)
17. Dona pattal and groom (Jharoo) production
6. Infrastructure
Proper infrastructure is essential for the success of micro enterprises. In Ujjain district
the infrastructure created by Zila panchayat ranged from construction of Work sheds,
Haat Bazaa and Handicrafts mela. The details of infrastructure created in the financial
year 2009-10 are in Annexure IV.
Regarding the utilization of funds for infrastructure under SGSY there are two clear
guidelines-
1. The funds available for providing infrastructure support under SGSY are primarily to
bridge small gaps in infrastructure which can make the programme implementation
more effective and not for creation of an altogether non-existent infrastructure in
the area. Funds for infrastructure development should, in no case be used to
augment resources of the State Government for development of general
infrastructure.
2. In order to meet expenditure on such critical infrastructure, SGSY will provide for a
fund, which will be known as ‘SGSY-Infrastructure Fund’. 20% of SGSY allocation for
each district will be set apart for this fund.
Both these guidelines are met strictly in Ujjain. For Example, out of 329 lacs
allocated as total funds to be used under SGSY in the year 2009-10 only 64.11 lacs
were used for infrastructure creation. It comes out to be approx. 20% of total. The work
done through infrastructure fund was also found to be done for filling gap of SGSY
activities.
26
Block level Status
1. SHG formation
The following table gives all the data related to SHG formation in every block-
Percentage women SHGs and defunct SHGs of total SHGs formed blockwise are
shown in following figure-
65%
54%
40%
46%
43% 39%
56%
41%
50%
63%
44% 43%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Ujjain Ghatiya Tarana Badnagar Mahidpur Khachhrod
% Defunct
% Women
Sr.
no.
Block No. of
SHGs
formed till
date
Active
SHGs
Defunc
t SHGs
Women
SHGs
1 Ujjain 1160 405 755 653
2 Ghatiya 1304 594 710 540
3 Tarana 1446 864 582 721
4 Badnagar 956 520 436 603
5 Mahidpur 976 558 418 426
6 Khachhrod 1224 750 474 521
27
2. Grading
No. of SHGs reaching first and second grading across all the blocks are provided in the
following table-
Sr. no. Block Total
no. of
SHGs
formed
No. of
SHGs
getting
First
grading
No. of
SHGs
getting
Second
grading
1 Ujjain 1160 411 152
2 Ghatiya 1304 425 271
3 Tarana 1446 547 215
4 Badnagar 956 215 181
5 Mahidpur 976 436 177
6 Khachhrod 1224 474 270
Percentage of SHG reaching differet grading stage of total SHG formed-
35%33%
38%
22%
45%
39%
13%
21%
15%
19% 18%
22%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Ujjain Ghatiya Tarana Badnagar Mahidpur Khachhrod
First gradingSecond grading
28
3. Loan /financing
The facts and figures related to credit of SHGs-
Sr. no. Block Total no. of
SHGs
formed from
01-04-1999
No. of
SHGs
getting loan
sanctioned
from 01-04-
1999
Loan
target
(2009-
2010)
In
Lakhs
Achievement
(2009-2010)
In Lakhs
1 Ujjain 1160 146 64 71.61
2 Ghatiya 1304 122 54 80.27
3 Tarana 1446 212 85 88.15
4 Badnagar 956 200 105 120.86
5 Mahidpur 976 163 67 73.37
6 Khachhrod 1224 245 97.18 89.04
No. of groups financed as Percentage of total groups formed-
13%
9%
15%
21%
17%
20%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Ujjain Ghatiya Tarana Badnagar Mahidpur Khachhrod
% Groups financed
29
4. Economic activity
The major economic activities taken by the Groups in Various blocks are-
Sr.
no.
Block Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary
sector
1 Ujjain Dairy Brick kiln, Kirana shop,
flour mill(Ata chakki),
Handicrafts(Terracotta)
Barber shop,
Embroidery,
tailoring
2 Ghatiya Dairy, Goat rearing Dona pattal, Agarbatti
making, Block printing
Tailoring
3 Tarana Dairy Brick kiln, Leather work,
Dona pattal, masala
udyog
-
4 Badnagar Dairy Brick kiln -
5 Mahidpur Dairy, minor irrigation Brick kiln Ambulance
service for
pregnant
women( 1
SHG only)
6 Khachhrod Dairy - -
SHG Level status
A total of 19 SHGs were interviewed in Ujjain district. It varied from three to four SHGs
per block. The selection of SHGs was done in a manner so that different aspects of an
SHG are looked upon; difference either in terms of Stage of grading or economic
activity. It was also made sure to meet at least one male, one female and a defunct
SHG to look upon the Gender aspect of an SHG and to look about the causes for an
30
SHG to become defunct. Those groups who have not got even first grading were also
selected to know the reasons for them not getting Grading
1. Composition
Out of the 19 SHGs, 4 were male SHGs, 1 was mixed i.e. it composed of 5 female
members and 5 male members, rest 14 were female SHGs. In terms of BPL members,
5 groups were found to have APL members ranging from 2 to 8 members per group.
The no. of members in each group ranged from 10 to 14.
Under the SGSY Group formation guidelines, an SHG should comprise 10 to 20
persons. In case of minor irrigation and disabled persons the number may be a
minimum of 5. Thus SHG formation guidelines have been strictly followed in Ujjain.
The problem found was in the way groups have been formed and the impression
they have in their minds about the scheme. The SGSY guideline clearly specifies that
the group formation should not be based on a ‘target-oriented approach’. It should lend
itself to a ‘process-oriented approach’ of social mobilization and community
organization. The groups are, however, often formed under ‘target achievement’
mandate to be followed by the ADEO. This ‘mandate’ evolves from short-cut and
convenient methods to community organization. As a result, the groups are
sometimes hurriedly formed and the members who are, by and large, illiterate are
unaware of the functioning or benefits of a well-formed group. They just form the
group in a hope that they will get loan and subsidy in future. Hence no group had
more than 11 members, because groups were not formed under social mobilization
rather by ADEOs to just compete their target.
2. Grading
According to the SGSY guidelines, the ‘level of activity’ is measured in terms of
Gradation of the functioning of an SHG:
Stage-1: After 6 months of existence of an SHG, it is graded by an agency (supposedly
to be selected by the DRDA and partners connected to development of SHGs) to
examine its viability as an SHG in terms of savings and management disciplines.
31
Stage-2: Revolving Fund is received by the SHG to build its corpus fund and to
inculcate the‘credit discipline and financial management’ to the members of the Group.
Stage-3: The SHG is again graded after 6 months from the date of receipt of the
Revolving Fund to assess if the Group is ready to take up an economic activity through
financial loans, i.e., at the end of Stage-2, the Group must be capable of shifting from a
‘consumption loan’ to a ‘production loan’.
No SHG out of the sample studied got primary, secondary grading and CC Limit
at right time as per above guideline. There were many SHGs functioning for many years
ranging from 1-3 years after which their primary grading has been done despite of their
regular meetings, maintenance of records and inter loaning. In one of the worst a goup
has not been graded yet despite functioning from last 7 years. Those who have been
graded first, not all have got CC Limit. Similarly there were also cases where second
grading is also being delayed from 1-2 years after getting first grading and CC Limit.
The following table shows the stages of grading reached by SHGs and number of SHGs
getting CC Limits out of the sample studied.
Number of Self Help Groups
First grading CC Limit Second Grading
15 9 4
All the groups of the sample were at least graded once still no group less than first
grading was selected. Out of the 19 groups getting first grading only 24 could get CC
limits and second grading. The reason for equal no. of SHGs getting CC Limits and
second grading is that out of the sample 19 SHGs 3 were of minor irrigation whom were
not issued CC Limit and were directly graded second.
32
3. Training
The basic orientation training is completely in dismal state. Only 2 out of 19 groups
responded to have received both basic orientation training and skill up gradation
training. 3 groups received only Basic orientation training. 4 groups told to have
received only skill up gradation training. Rest 10 groups responded to have received
none. The quality of Basic orientation training was not so good or due to illiteracy of all
the members they were not maintaining the records themselves. The state of skill up
gradation training is also not very encouraging, only 5 groups called it satisfactory.
There was also a mismatch between activity being done by the group or likely to be
pursued in future and activity for which training was imparted as 2 groups received
training for making masala and detergent powder despite them engaged in Dairy
activity.
BOT- Basic orientation training
SUT- Skill upgradation training
3, 16%
4, 21%
2, 10%
10, 53%
Training status
BOT only
SUT only
Both
None
33
4. Loan /financing
9 out of the 19 size sample got the loan sanctioned and disbursed. Some groups got
loan directly after first grading. Np case was found where Loan has been ssanctioned
but not disbursed. The Zila panchayat send their subsidy cheque only when bank
disburse the loan. The amount of loan sanctioned ranged from 2.5 lakh to 5 lakh per
group depending upon the project cost as per the selected economic activity. In only 2
cases out of 19, loan disbursed was complete i.e. equal to sanctioned amount.
Moreover in most of the cases disbursement was not at time. It was too late ranging
from six months to 1 year after the sanction of loan. In around 95% cases the timimg
of loan disbursement was in off season of the activity selected by the group.
Since 90% cases in UJJAIN are of Dairy. The ideal time of buying buffalos is
around August September when they give maximum milk. But banks use to
disburse loan in around Feb March, just before the closing only to achieve the
target. This leads to delay in realization of income by the groupsfrom six months to 1
year while bearing the cost for the maintainence of the asset created for the activity and
interest on loan. So, when the start of economic activity is like this, one can easily think
about its sustainability and effect on Group coherence. The problem doesn’t finish here;
they have to regularly pay loan instalments either monthly or quarterly. The rate of
interest charged by the banks is also very high. It ranges from 11-15%, depending
upon the bank. It is very unjust on part of banks to charge such high rate of
intrest from SHGs comprising of BPL families when on KCC banks are charging
only 6- 7%. Banks also don’t issue Pass books for loan accounts, only 7 groups
out of 9 getting loan were found with loan pass book. The following figure shows the
status of loan sanctioning and disbursement-
34
5. Economic activies
The selection of sample size of 19 SHGs was done in a way to look into almost all
different activities prevailing in the district. But since 90% cases financed in Ujjain were
of Dairy, only few groups emgaged in activities other than dairy could be met. The
following table displays the no. of SHGs for a particular activity selected in the sample.
The table includes both activities being carried out as well as willing to be done by the
Group as there were few groups who have not got any financial assistance i.e. neither
Revolving fund nor Loan-subsidy.
Sr.no. Economic activity Number
of SHGs interviewed
1. Dairy 10
2. Goat rearing 1
3. Brick kilns 2
4. Tailoring 2
5. Handicrafts – terra cota
work
1
6. Sweets shop(Laddoo) 1
7. Senting Work 1
8. Minor Irrigation 1
0
5
10
15
20
25
Loan not sanctioned Sanctioned, not disbursed Late, off season disbursement
35
There was one group who neither took any activity nor had decided to take as it became
defunct due to dispute among members related to distribution of work for MDM.
6. Overall impact
The overall impact of SGSY scheme on SHGs was found to be mixed. It ranged from
positive to no impact. In only those cases where SHGs are able to sell their products
regularly, some positive impact was seen. Since there is no problem in selling milk in
Ujjain due to presence of Ujjain Milk federation most of the Dairy SHGs are able to earn
Rs.1000-2000 more per month per member. Other SHGs also found to earn this much
amount. In those cases where buffalo died or was sold not much impact could be seen.
The following figure shows the percentage SHGs having positive and nil effect on their
earnings.
Dairy53%
Goat rearing5%
Brick kilns11%
Tailoring11%
Handicrafts – terra cota work
5%
Sweets shop(Laddoo)
5%
Senting Work5%
Minor Irrigation5% Economic Activities
36
.
P.S- The impact could be seen in only those cases where SHGs got some financial
assistance in form of loan. Otherwise they are just able to get small size loan ranging
from 1000/’-5000/- in case of emergency at nominal rate from the group.
7. Current state of SHGs
1. Corpus fund-
The corpus fund of the groups interviewed varied from Rs.0 to Rs.100000 and each
member was found to contribute Rs.25 to Rs. 100/month. The various ranges in which
corpus fund was found were as follows-
Sr. no.
Corpus fund No. of SHGs
1 0/- to 10000/- 8
2 10000/- to 25000/- 5
3 25000/- to 50000/- 4
4 50000/-100000/- 2
The group savings were not regular in every group. Moreover it was found that after
complete disbursement of loan members either don’t save or decrease the frequency
and amount of savings in the group.
2. Assets-
The assets built by the SHG members were not found to be intact in most of the cases.
Since most of the cases are of Dairy finance, asset was not found i.e the buffallo either
Positive58%
Nil42%
Impact on SHGs
37
died or was sold when it got ill or decreased lactating. In all the other cases assets were
found intact.
3. Decision making
In terms of decision making all 19 out of 19 groups told to take decision unanimously.
This was a very positive sign for functioning of a SHG where all members used to take
part in decision making and no decision without everyones consent was taken.
4. Group meetings and Inter loaning
In terms of group meetings and interloaning also all SHGs except 6 who got defunct are
meeting every monthly or fortnightly and also interloaning @ 2% amongst them. One
SHG in Block shahgarh was found to give loan outside the group.
8. Expectations
The expectations of the SHGs interviewed. It ranged from getting Revolving fund,
complete disbursement of loan, increasing the sanctioned amount, interest subsidy or
reduction in rate of interest, marketing support and shed for their work.
The following figure shows the percentage of various expectations in the sample
studied in Sagar district.
Full disbursement
49%
Increase in sanctioned loan
29%
Marketing support
20%
Reduction in rate of interest
2%Expectations of SHGs
38
Findings of Sagar
District level status
1. SHG formation
There are 11 blocks in the Sagar district comprising a total of 1903 villages. The name
of these blocks are- Sagar, Jaisinagar, Kesli, Devri, Rahatgarh, Khurai, Bina, Malthone,
Shahgarh, Banda and Rehli. Since the inception of the SGSY scheme from 01-04-1999
a total of 5741 SHGs under the scheme have been formed in the district.
Out of these groups approximately 1857 have now become defunct rest are
active. Looking at the composition gender wise out of 5741 SHGs formed 3201 SHGS
comprise of women, rest 2540 are men SHGs barring a very few SHGs comprising of
both men and women. This number is far above the stipulated minimum 50% women
SHGs in the guidelines of SGSY.
Though most of the SHGs comprise of BPL families, few SHGs do contain APL
members to a maximum of 3 members per group. These APL members are added in
the some cases where it was not possible for BPL member to be included in the group
or in few other cases where SHG was formed before 2003, few members moved to APL
from BPL.
Male 43%
Female57%
Gender wise composition of SHGs
39
2. Grading
Though group formation is of considerable strength, when we look at the no. of groups
who were graded the results are not encouraging. Out of 6128 groups formed only 2781
had got first grading. As per the SGSY guidelines every group who clears the first
grading should get the revolving fund of Rs.25000 but Revolving fund cheque of
Rs.10000 that is the part contributed by DRDA has been sent to only 1174 groups till
date. The total amount spent by District for revolving fund for the year 2009-2010 is 54
lacs out of 785.43 lacs. This comes out to be approximately 7%. Hence 3% funds for
revolving fund have been underutilized. 1230 groups got second grading. Out of
these 1230 only 1174 had been financed by the banks.
The problem is not only in less no. of groups who have been graded first
and second and then financed. There are many groups who have not been given
CC limit by banks even after receiving the Revolving fund and many groups who
have not been disbursed the loan though the banks have issued P4 or Prapatra
char and have got the subsidy part from DRDA. The details of such groups are in
ANNEXURE III and V.
3. Training
The training given to the SHGs in Sagar too like Ujjain is of poor quality. The Basic
orientation training (BOT) is even worse than skill up gradation training. The BOT is
provided only once to the groups that too of a formality sake by ADEOs to the head
(adhyaksh) and secretary (sachiv) of the group. Rests of the members are totally
unaware of that. In few of the worst cases that too is not provided by the ADEOs or
animators. Moreover in many cases no one in the group is literate so account books
and registers are either unfilled or incomplete or being filled by some other person
mainly husbands, sons or any other male member of adhyaksh or sachiv family.
Looking at the skill up gradation training, it is being conducted by the Zila panchayats
not by the Janpads or the blocks. Mostly NGOs are used for providing it. Basically two
anomalies were found in skill up gradation training –
40
1. Despite a wide range of economic activities carried out by SHGs in Sagar skill up
gradation training is provided mainly for Dairy activity followed by candle and Agarbatti
production. Rests of the activities are almost neglected as there is no need of training
for them.
2. There was a clear cut mismatch between the economic activity selected by the group
as their livelihood ad the activity for which training is provided. For example if a group
wants to do Trading of food commodities (Galla vyapar) has been given training for
candle formation. The Zila panchayat selects an NGO and the training to be provided
and instructs the Blocks to arrange for the SHGs to attend the training completely
overlooking the activity being done or likely to be done by the SHG.
Moreover training given is too of poor quality, given once to a group or in some cases
even never given.
In year 2009-2010 utilization of funds for training was as follows-
1. Basic orientation training (BOT) - 19.68 lacs
2. Skill up gradation training- 58.7 lacs
This brings to a total of 78.60 lacs, approximately 10% of total allocated funds for SGSY
(785.43 Lacs). Thus in case of training there is no overutilization or underutilization.
One of the important findings regarding the utilization of funds for Basic orientation
training is that though a huge amount of 19.68 lacs had been spent in 2009-2010 and
had been spent likely in previous years. Most of the SHGs respondents told to have
not got any BOT by NGO or other people except ADEOs. This poses a serious
question on utilization of funds for BOT.
4. Loaning/Financing
The SHGs who have been financed by the banks are too small in number in comparison
to no. of groups formed. Till date only 1174 groups have been financed by the
banks out of the 6128 groups formed i.e. only19%. Even out of these groups there
are many who have not been disbursed loan till date, they have just got the loan
41
sanctioned. This becomes one of the important reasons for the failure of the
scheme and for making many groups defunct. The list of such groups is in Annexure
Regarding utilization of funds for subsidy part of loan 368.34 lacs have been released, it
makes it 48.5% of total funds(785.43 lacs) for the financial year 2009-2010. During last
year the total financial targets for the Sagar district was 1327.30 lacs and achievement
was 1425.46 lacs. In terms of financial target achievement the scenario is not so bad.
The following table provides the financial targets and their achievements in the Sagar
district for the last five years-
Year Financial target (in lacs) Achievement (in lacs)
2009-2010 1327.30 1425.46
2008-2009 1295.96 1365.93
2007-2008 995.45 917.98
2006-2007 795.91 805.00
2005-2006 735.98 762.96
Thus from the above table we can easily interpret that financial targets have been
achieved rather overachieved in some of the years. But still if we look at the no. of
groups financed it is very low in comparison to groups formed. Only 1030 groups from a
total of 5741 formed have got loa assistance. Thus it can be concluded that the financial
targets are not in tune with the no. of groups formed. So either financial targets should
be increased or targets for SHGs should be reduced. Otherwise whole lot of efforts in
making SHGs will keep on going wasted and will also add to the hopelessness and
frustration growing in the SHGs for the scheme. All this will ultimately, lead to the failure
of the scheme.
42
5. Economic Activities
The success of SGSY depends upon the choice of activities. The key element is that
the choice of activity should be based on the local resources, the aptitude as well as the
skill of the people. It is also necessary that the products have ready market.
The economic activities carried out by the SHGs in Sagar had a wide range. It is
not like UJJAIN where dairy forms 90% of all the activities. In Sagar district dairy
forms only 33% of all the activities undertaken by the groups. After dairy comes out
the minor irrigation activity which is the second mostly activity been financed under
SGSY.
The various economic activities being carried out by the SHGs in Sagar District
are-
1.Cement products-Gamla,
Pillar, Beam, design pole etc
9. Idol making (Murti kala)- Different idols made
up of Plaster of paris
2.Catering - Small road side
dhaba
10.Vermi compost- organic fertilizers
3.Dairy activity- Milking
buffaloes
11. Minor irrigation
4.Dalia or raw pudding
formation
12. Tent house business
5.Tailoring 13. Spices or Masala production
6. Agricultural inputs-Selling
seeds,fertilizers and
pesticides
14. Brick kiln (Eet bhatta) for construction of
houses buildings etc
7. Iron work or lohari 15. Horticulture or vegetable production
8.Goat rearing 16. Badi papad udyog
21.Pisciculture
17.Candle and agarbatti 22. Handicrafts
43
production
18.General store (Kiryana
shop)
23. Minor forest products-Like bel, Mahua, Amla,
Tendupatta, Harad and mohina (used in churan)
19.Cereals trading (Galla
vyapar)
24. Dona pattal and groom (Jharoo) production
20.Nursery
6. Infrastructure
Proper infrastructure is essential for the success of micro enterprises. In sagar district
the infrastructure created by Zila panchayat ranged from construction of Dairy sheds,
Sheds for goats to Godowns for seeds, fertilizers etc., tent house and Godowns for
keeping forest products (Van upaj). The details of infrastructure created in the financial
year 2009-10 are in Annexure III.
Regarding the utilization of funds for infrastructure under SGSY there are two clear
guidelines-
1. The funds available for providing infrastructure support under SGSY are primarily to
bridge small gaps in infrastructure which can make the programme implementation
more effective and not for creation of an altogether non-existent infrastructure in
the area. Funds for infrastructure development should, in no case be used to
augment resources of the State Government for development of general
infrastructure.
2. In order to meet expenditure on such critical infrastructure, SGSY will provide for a
fund, which will be known as ‘SGSY-Infrastructure Fund’. 20% of SGSY allocation for
each district will be set apart for this fund.
Both these guidelines are not met strictly in Sagar. For Example, out of 784.43
lacs allocated as total funds to be used under SGSY in the year 2009-10 only 148.64
44
lacs were used for infrastructure creation. This is less than 158 lacs( 20% of total), thus
approximately 10 lakhs have been underutilized which could have been used for
creating infrastructure for atleast two SHGs.
Moreover out of the funds utilized around 50 lacs were spent on construction of a
BRC hostel in Rehli village, Rehli block instead of infrastructure made for helping a
single or group of SHGs
Block level status
1. SHGs formation
All the data related to the formation of SHGs block wise is provided in the following
table-
Sr.
no.
Block No. of
SHGs
formed
till date
Active
SHGs
Defunct
SHGs
Women SHGs SHGs formed by
NGOs/DWCW/OTHERS
1 Sagar 474 420 54 340 -
2 Jaisinagar 428 307 121 370 -
3 Kesli 604 432 172 298 64
4 Devri 474 366 108 265 -
5 Khurai 425 268 157 212 68
6 Bina 488 381 107 261 -
7 Malthone 375 91 284 197 10
8 Rahatgarh 623 297 326 347 23
9 Shahgarh 600 425 175 301 -
10 Banda 528 300 228 350 225
11 Rehli 722 593 129 260 369
45
The maximum no. of SHGs has been formed in Rehli block and minimum in Malthone.
The SHG formation by NGOs was in Kesli, banda, malthone, Khurai and rahatgarh
blocks oly. Though highest no. of groups to get defunct were in rahatgarh, but in terms
of percentage of groups formed the highest no. of groups are in Malthone block(76%).
The following figure shows the percentage groups getting defunct and women SHGs of
the total SHGs fomed. In terms of WOMEN SHGs all the blocks have formed atleast
50% women SHG as per SGSY guideline except Rehli and Kesli.
72%
86%
49%
56%
50%53% 53%
56%
50%
66%
36%
11%
28% 28%
23%
37%
22%
76%
52%
29%
43%
18%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Women%age
Defunt%age
Total 5741 3880 1857 3201
46
2. Grading
The following table shows the no. of SHGs reching different stages of grading and
no. of SHGs getting the CC limit issued agter forst grading block wise.
Sr. no. Block Total
no. of
SHGs
formed
No. of
SHGs
getting
First
grading
No. of
SHGs
getting
CC
Limit
No. of
SHGs
getting
Second
grading
1 Sagar 474 338 251 186
2 Jaisinagar 428 285 258 108
3 Kesli 604 213 188 107
4 Devri 474 245 240 137
5 Khurai 425 272 169 67
6 Bina 488 211 73 105
7 Malthone 375 91 50 34
8 Rahatgarh 623 232 173 138
9 Shahgarh 600 155 120 95
10 Banda 528 253 223 118
11 Rehli 722 294 239 154
Total 5741 2589 1984 1249
The following figure shows the percentage no. of SHGs getting first grading, second
grading and CC limit issued of total no. of SHGs formed. The no. of groups getting first
grading ranged from a minimum 24% in malthone to maximum 71% in sagar block.
Similarly highest percentage of CC limits accounts were issued in Jaisinagar(53%) and
lowest in malthone(13%). Maximum percentage of groups getting second gading was
also in Sagar (39%) and lowest again in malthone.(9%)
47
3. Loan financing
Blockwise achievement of financial targets and no. of groups getting financial
assistance in the form of loan are -
Sr. no. Block Total no. of
SHGs
formed from
01-04-1999
No. of
SHGs
getting loan
sanctioned
from
01-04-1999
Loan
target
(2009-
2010)
In
crores
Achievement
(2009-2010)
In crores
1 Sagar 474 174 2.22 2.271
2 Jaisinagar 428 85 0.987 1.19
3 Kesli 604 82 1 1.024
71%
67%
35%
52%
64%
43%
24%
37%
26%
48%
41%
53%
60%
31%
51%
40%
15%13%
28%
20%
42%
33%
39%
25%
18%
29%
16%
22%
9%
22%
16%
22%
21%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
1 grading%
CC Limit %
2 grading%
48
4 Devri 474 120 1.24 1.178
5 Khurai 425 55 0.98 0.985
6 Bina 488 98 1.31 1.37
7 Malthone 375 34 0.97 0.8795
8 Rahatgarh 623 32 1.52 1.55
9 Shahgarh 600 89 1.05 1.0682
10 Banda 528 114 1.04 1.03
11 Rehli 722 147 1.7 1.71
Total 5741 1030
In terms of achievement of Loan targets except Malthone block every block has reached
its targets rather overachieved in many cases.
The following figure shows the percentage groups getting loan sanctioned for
their economic activities of the toal groups formed blockwise-
37%
20%
14%
25%
13%
20%
9%
5%
15%
22%20%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
% Groups financed
Column1
Column2
49
It ranged from 37% in Sagar block to 5% in rahatgarh block.
4. Economic activity
The major economic activities taken by the Groups in Various blocks are-
Sr.
no.
Block Primary sector Secondary sector Tertiary sector
1 Sagar Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing, Vegetable
production(horticulture)
and selling
Galla vyavsay _
2 Jaisinagar Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing
Brick kiln Tent house
3 Kesli Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing
Brick kiln, Cement
products,
Blacksmith work or
iron work, Spices
or Masala
production, Candle
and agarbatti
formation,
Handicrafts
Senting work
4 Devri Dairy, minor irrigation,
Vegetable
production(horticulture)
and selling
Badi papad udyog,
Spices or Masala
production, Candle
formation
Tailoring,
5 Khurai Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing, Nursery
Plantation
Cement products _
6 Bina Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing
Brick kiln _
7 Malthone Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing
Brick kiln, Forest
products(vanupaj)
Tailoring, Tent
house
50
8 Rahatgarh Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing
Brick kiln Tailoring,
Band party
9 Shahgarh Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing, Vegetable
production(horticulture)
and selling
Brick kiln, Forest
products(vanupaj)
Galla vyavsay
Tailoring,
Dhadba-hotel
business
10 Banda Dairy, minor irrigation,
Goat rearing
Tent house,
Seeds- fertilizer
shop, Spices or
Masala production,
Galla vyavsay
Tent house
11 Rehli Dairy, minor irrigation Tent house, Badi
papad udyog, Brick
kiln, Seeds-
fertilizer shop,
Galla vyavsay
Tent house
SHG Level status
A total of 33 SHGs were interviewed in Sagar district. It varied from two to four SHGs
per block. The selection of SHGs was done in a manner so that different aspects of an
SHG are looked upon; difference either in terms of Stage of grading or economic
activity. It was also made sure to meat at least one male, one female and a defunct
SHG to look upon the Gender aspect of an SHG and to look about the causes for an
SHG to become defunct. Those groups who have not got even first grading were not
selected as there is not much to study about them.
1. Composition
Out of the 33 SHGs, 14 were male SHGs, 1 was mixed i.e. it composed of 3 female
members and 7 male members, rest 18 were female SHGs. In terms of BPL members,
7 groups were found to have APL members ranging from 1 to 4 members per group.
The no. of members in each group ranged from 10 to 11. No group having more than 11
51
members was found. The only Exception was two groups engaged in minor irrigation
comprising of 5 members.
Under the SGSY Group formation guidelines, an SHG should comprise 10 to 20
persons. In case of minor irrigation and disabled persons the number may be a
minimum of 5. Thus SHG formation guidelines have been strictly followed in Sagar.
The problem found was in the way groups have been formed and the impression
they have in their minds about the scheme. The SGSY guideline clearly specifies that
the group formation should not be based on a ‘target-oriented approach’. It should lend
itself to a ‘process-oriented approach’ of social mobilization and community
organization. The groups are, however, often formed under ‘target achievement’
mandate to be followed by the ADEO. This ‘mandate’ evolves from short-cut and
convenient methods to community organization. As a result, the groups are
sometimes hurriedly formed and the members who are, by and large, illiterate are
unaware of the functioning or benefits of a well-formed group. They just form the
group in a hope that they will get loan and subsidy in future. Hence no group had
more than 11 members, because groups were not formed under social mobilization
rather by ADEOs to just compete their target.
2. Grading
According to the SGSY guidelines, the ‘level of activity’ is measured in terms of
Gradation of the functioning of an SHG:
Stage-1: After 6 months of existence of an SHG, it is graded by an agency (supposedly
to be selected by the DRDA and partners connected to development of SHGs) to
examine its viability as an SHG in terms of savings and management disciplines.
Stage-2: Revolving Fund is received by the SHG to build its corpus fund and to
inculcate the‘credit discipline and financial management’ to the members of the Group.
Stage-3: The SHG is again graded after 6 months from the date of receipt of the
Revolving Fund to assess if the Group is ready to take up an economic activity through
financial loans, i.e., at the end of Stage-2, the Group must be capable of shifting from a
‘consumption loan’ to a ‘production loan’.
52
No SHG out of the sample studied got primary, secondary grading and CC Limit
at right time as per above guideline. There were many SHGs functioning for many years
ranging from 1-3 years after which their primary grading has been done despite of their
regular meetings, maintenance of records and inter loaning. Those who have been
graded first, not all have got CC Limit. Similarly there were also cases where second
grading is also being delayed from 1-2 years after getting first grading and CC Limit.
The following table shows the stages of grading reached by SHGs and number of SHGs
getting CC Limits out of the sample studied.
Number of Self Help Groups
First grading CC Limit Second Grading
33 24 24
All the groups of the sample were at least graded once still no group less than first
grading was selected. Out of the 33 groups getting first grading only 24 could get CC
limits and second grading. The reason for equal no. of SHGs getting CC Limits and
second grading is that out of the sample 33 SHGs 3 were of minor irrigation whom were
not issued CC Limit and were directly graded second.
3. Training
The basic orientation training is completely in dismal state. Only 5 out of 33 groups
responded to have received both basic orientation training and skill up gradation
training. 2 groups received only Basic orientation training. 6 groups told to have
received only skill up gradation training. Rest 20 groups responded to have received
none. The quality of Basic orientation training was not so good or due to illiteracy of all
the members they were not maintaining the records themselves. The state of skill up
gradation training is also not very encouraging, only 8 groups called it satisfactory.
There was also a mismatch between activity being done by the group or likely to be
pursued in future and activity for which training was imparted as 3 groups received
training for candle formation despite them engaged in some other economic activity.
53
BOT- Basic orientation training
SUT- Skill upgradation training
4. Loan /financing
23 out of the 33 size sample got the loan sanctioned and disbursed. This is the case
when no group who has received grading yet has been taken. One of the group got
loan sanctioned 1 year back but has not been disbursed yet, due to
uncooperative and delaying attitude of banks. When the bank manager was asked
about the delay he told that there is some dispute in the group. But on interviewing the
group no dispute was found rather group members complained about the manager to
misguide them to break away from the group as there is no use of remaining with the
group. So the dispute was only being tried to be created by the bank manager only to
avoid disbursement. This is not the isolated case in Sagar where Loan has been
sanctioned by the bank but not disbursed from months and in some cases even more
than one year. The amount of loan sanctioned ranged from 2.5 lakh to 4 lakh per group
depending upon the project cost as per the selected economic activity. In only 2 cases
out of 33, loan disbursed was complete i.e. equal to sanctioned amount. Moreover in
most of the cases disbursement was not at time. It was too late ranging from six months
to 1 year after the sanction of loan. In around 90% cases i.e 21 of 22 cases of loan
2, 6%
6, 18%
5, 15%20, 61%
Training status
BOT only
SUT only
Both
None
54
disbursement the timimg of loan disbursement was in off season of the activity selected
by the group. For example, Dairy activity was financed in Feb-March, and Brick kiln in
July August. This leads to delay in realization of income by the groupsfrom six months
to 1 year while bearing the cost for the maintainence of the asset created for the activity
and interest on loan. So, when the start of economic activity is like this, one can easily
think about its sustainability and effect on Group coherence. The problem doesn’t finish
here; they have to regularly pay loan instalments either monthly or quarterly. The rate of
interest charged by the banks is also very high. It ranges from 11-15%, depending
upon the bank. It is very unjust on part of banks to charge such high rate of
intrest from SHGs comprising of BPL families when on KCC banks are charging
only 6- 7%. Banks also don’t issue Pass books for loan accounts, only 13 groups
out of 33 were found with loan pass book. The SGSY guideline clearly states that
banks have to charge interest only on the portion contributed by them,not on
Government subsidy but in 1 case of Vann Swa Sahayta Samooh,Village Karai
Block Shahgarh, where full disbursement was done, interst was found to being
charged on whole amount.
The following figure shows the status of loan sanctioning and disbursement-
0
5
10
15
20
25
Loan not sanctioned
Sanctioned, not disbursed
Late, off season disbursement
55
5. Economic activies
The selection of sample size of 33 SHGs was done in a way to look into almost all
different activities prevailing in the district. The following table displays the no. of SHGs
for a particular activity selected in the sample.
Sr.no. Economic activity Number
of SHGs interviewed
1. Dairy 6
2. Minor irrigation 3
3 Masala production 2
4. Goat rearing 3
5. Cement pole formation 1
6. Brick kilns 5
7. Tent house 3
8. Galla vyavsay 3
9. Badi papad making 1
10. Van upaj 1
11. Tailoring 1
12. Seeds fertilizer shop 1
13 Vegeatable production 1
14 Senting Work 1
There was one group who neither took any activity nor had decided to take as it became
defunct due to dispute among members related to distribution of work for MDM.The
following figure displays the percentage wise distribution of economic acivities
undertaken by the SHGs in sagar district in the sample of SHGs studied.
56
Looking at the selection of economic activity, Animal husbandary is the maximum
chosen activity (19%) followed by Brick kiln (16%), then Goat rearing and Minor
irrigation. Thus it can be concluded about the Sagar district that in terms of selection of
economic activities, it has shown more versatility as compared to Ujjain where around
90% groups are engaged in dairy activity.
Besides dairy, there is lot of demand in market for Bricks and Van upaj.
Therefore both these activities should be promoted. Moreover as Sagar has
enough forest area; therefore there is not much problem of backward integration
for procuring and selling van upaj products.
6. Overall impact
The overall impact of SGSY scheme on SHGs was found to be mixed. It ranged from
positive to nil to negative impact. In only those cases where SHGs are able to sell their
Dairy19%
Minor irrigation10%
Masala production
6%
Goat rearing10%
Cement pole formation
3%
Brick kilns16%
Tent house9%
Galla vyavsay9%
Badi papad making
3%
Van upaj3%
Tailoring3% Seeds fertilizer
shop3%
Vegeatable production
3%
Senting Work3%
Economic activities
57
products regularly, some positive impact was seen. They are able to earn Rs.1000-2000
more per month. In most of the cases there was no impact as the income earned was
spent in arranging raw material and its maintainence and repayment of loan. Those
cases where SHG’s unit financed failed, or they have to invest their own savings or took
loan from other sources to keep their activity functional they got trapped in debt cycle
and are still paying from their home or had to sell their personal assets to repay the
loan. The two typical cases of negative impact found in sagar are-
1. Hari OM SHG, Kewlari Kalan, Kesli-
The group’s 8 out of 10 buffaloes financed died, they could get insurance claim for only
4 that too 50%. The group had spent around 20k for buying fodder (Bhoosa) and around
25 k for Kachha shed from their own savings and loan from other sources.
2. Krishna SHG, Giltora, Khurai
Each member got 60000/- loan, 30000/- for digging well and 30000/- for pump set and
pipe. Their fields were rocky, so blasting was required to dig the well. With 30000/-
enough depth could not be attained so members spent around 50000-700000/- more
from their own group savings and external borrowings.
Although they are now able to sow crop two times a year, but the increased income
earned is spent in paying back loan and interest. The SHG is almost defunct as they
have not met from last 1 year and don’t contribute to group savings. The following figure
shows the various impacts on 33 SHGs interviewed in percentage terms.
Positive55%
Nil39%
Negative6%
Impact on SHGs
58
P.S- The impact could be seen in only those cases where SHGs got some financial
assistance in form of loan. Otherwise they are just able to get small size loan ranging
from 1000/’-5000/- in case of emergency at nominal rate.
7. Current state of SHGs
1. Corpus fund-
The corpus fund of the groups interviewed varied from Rs.0 to Rs.50000 and each
member was found to contribute Rs.25 to Rs. 100/month. The various ranges in which
corpus fund was found were as follows-
Sr. no.
Corpus fund No. of SHGs
1 0/- to 10000/- 19
2 10000/- to 25000/- 7
3 25000/- to 50000/- 7
The group savings were not regular in every group. Moreover it was found that after
complete disbursement of loan members either don’t save or decrease the frequency
and amount of savings in the group.
2. Assets-
The assets built by the SHG members were found to be intact in most of the cases. In
only, two SHGs out of six for dairy the loss of asset was found i.e the buffallo either died
or was sold when it got ill or decreased lactating. In one more case of goat rearing in
Malthone block, Village Ata tila there was loss of some assets as 24 out of 100 goats
financed died during rains due to faulty shed made.
3. Decision making
In terms of decision making around 32 out of 33 groups found active told to take
decision unanimously. This was a very positive sign for functioning of a SHG where all
members used to take part in decision making and no decision without everyones
consent was taken.
59
4. Group meetings and Inter loaning
In terms of group meetings and interloaning also all SHGs except 11 who got defunct
are meeting every monthly or fortnightly and also interloaning @ 2% amongst them.
One SHG in Block shahgarh was found to give loan outside the group.
8. Expectations
The expectations of the SHGs interviewed. It ranged from getting Revolving fund,
complete disbursement of loan, increasing the sanctioned amount, interest subsidy or
reduction in rate of interest, marketing support and shed for their work.
The following figure shows the percentage of various expectations in the sample
studied in Sagar district.
Full disbursement
34%
Increase in sanctioned
loan12%
Marketing support
36%
Reduction in rate of
interest18%
Expectations of SHGs
60
Problems/issues found
1. SHG formation- The groups are, often formed under ‘target achievement’
mandate to be followed by the ADEO. The quality groups could not be formed. The
members just form the group in a hope that they will get loan in future.
2. Grading- Out of the total groups formed only 40%- 50% could get first grading and
25-30% got second grading. It takes usually 1year to even 6 years for getting first
grading. Even after first grading many groups don’t recieve CC limit. One problem
specific to Ujjain was instruction by Zila panchayat to all Blocks not to grade a group
even if 1 member of APL is present in the group. On exploring it was found that it was
done to acieve the targets. This decision has adversely affected many SHGs as they
don’t want to remoe APL member and hence are not been graded.
3. Training not imparted to all the groups. Basic orientation training has been
imparted to even lesser no. of groups in comparison to those getting skill up gradation
training. In some cases mismatch was found between the activity chosen by the group
and the training given. NGOs are selected at district level for imparting training and
Blocks/Janpads send groups without looking into the requirement or relevance of that
particular training for the group.
4. Selection of economic activity
There was no effort done on selecting economically viable and sustainable economic
activities. Usually the groups take decision on economic activity at their own. There is
provided no guidance from ADEOs or banks or any other official to them about selection
of activity. The activities selected either have problem in forward integration or in
backward integration. Thus sustainability of these activities is almost insignificant. In
Ujjain District only focus is on dairy, here 90% cases are of dairy finance. The reason
for such high percentage of dairy activity is not the selection by SHGs; rather it is being
imposed upon them in a proxy manner. Most of the SHGs responded that they selected
dairy activity as they were informed that dairy is the only activity for which loan is
61
provided. They wanted to take some other activity but could not take. Some ADEOs
also complained of rejection of application for other activities by Zila panchayat.
5. Financial Services
This is the most crucial aspect of SGSY. Whole of the SGSY scheme right from the
beginning till end depends on financial services provided by banks. Be it depositing and
withdrawing group savings, revolving fund and Loan subsidy.
Most of the problems faced by SHGs and biggest reason for its failure are
apathetic and pessimistic attitude of Banks towards SHG members and this scheme
respectively. It usually takes 15 days to two months for the Banks to open Savings
account of SHGs. ADEOs and SHG members have to visit banks many times and have
to fulfill all the formalities. All these are very cumbersome processes, especially for BPL
members. Banks also don’t perform grading at time, even if it is done it takes still
more time in issuance of CC limit. In many cases both in Ujjain as well as Sagar even
CC limit is not issued rather Revolving fund subsidy of 10000/- is credited in their
Sundry deposits of Banks.
Regarding Loaning/financing also banks have same lethargic attitude. The
finance is not done at time, only in late months of February and March Loan amount
almost equal to the targets are financed. The late financing affects the economic
activities much as many of them are seasonal. The amount of Loan sanctioned is done
on unit cost basis of NABARD. These costs are outdated as the actual market prices
have increased a lot. For ex. - In case of Dairy financing, 50000/- is the sanctioned
amount per member. Earlier from 50000/- 3 buffalloes could have been bought but now
only two that too in off season could be bought.
The loan amount disbursed is very less than the sanctioned. In most of the cases
the banks disburse only the amount either equal or just greater than the subsidy
amount. In some case even that much is not financed, which affects the functioning of
SHGs as the assets could not be equitably distributed amongst the members.
62
After disbursing the initial part of sanctioned loan, banks don’t finance next part
unless first part is repaid completely with interest. The rate of interest charged is also
high, it ranges from 11%-15% depending on the bank. One issue Specific to Sagar was
that here in many cases though banks have sanctioned the loan and recived the
subsidy but still not disbursed the loan.
6. Marketing- This aspect is treated in both the districts as if it is nonexistent in the
scheme guidelines. The members are left at their own to sell their products. No
guidance or support for selling is provided to them. In the name of marketing assistance
only Bhopal Haat and local haats assistance, once a year is provided that too to a very
small no. of groups.The only advantage to Dairy SHGs in Ujjain is the presence of Dairy
society in almost all villages the members are able to sell their milk at Rs. 20 to Rs.22,
but in Sagar members have to sell their milk to nearby Hoels/Dhabas at ver less rate
ranging from Rs.10-14
7. Shortage of Staff/Banks- There is less no. of ADEOs as compared to the no. of
villages/panchayats they have to cater. Moreover the ADEOs also have to perform other
Poor execution of economic activity
Low levels of income
Inability to pay loan
Poor recovery of
loan
Poor financial support
63
duies such as Census, Duties in elections, training of Sarpanch/sachiv and other
schemes like IAY, NREGS etc. The shortage of staff was also found in Banks. There
were found long ques just for depositing/wiithdrawl of money.The no. of Banks and their
branches are also less. Many SHG members have to travel long distance ranging from
1-10 Kms to reach to banks.
Recommendations
1. SHG Formation - The target approach to group formation need not be adopted
rigidly. Officers should have the time to ‘nurture’ the groups once the names of
members have been collected.
2. Grading - Financial targets as well as grading targets should be increased to include
left over groups before they loose hope and get defunct like many others.
3. Loan/Financing - The sanctioned limits of loan for various economic activities should
be made flexible so as to match with prevalent costs in the market. The current limits
should be immediately revised. Moreover loan financing should be done at lesser rates
of 6%-7% as in case of KCC and if possible interest subsidy should also be given.
4. Proper monitoring of groups needs be done at various stages of their growth. A
centralized MIS should be created through which the status of each and every SHG in
the remotest part could be monitored.
5. Training - Special training centres should be constructed and quality teachers should
be appointed. If NGOs are selected for training, this should be done at capital level not
at district level as much of the NGOs selected at district level and their training are of
poor quality.
Training needs to be undertaken in a much more systematic manner, covering
groups according to some schedule or roster. As trainings are of different kinds i.e.
basic, and vocational, it is essential to draw up a plan according to the specific
requirement of each group. It should be made sure to provide training only for the
activity being undertaken or willing to be performed by the group, not any other
Skill up-gradation needs to be strengthened so that quality products could be
produced that can be easily sold in highly competitive market. Even for animal
64
husbandry, know how about care of the animals should be given, as most of them
appear to die six months down the line. Veternary services too needed to be improved.
6. Shortage of Staff - The number of officers/ADEOs needs to be increased. No other
work except implementation of SGSY should be given to ADEOs. ADEOs should also
be imparted training as their orientation for implementation of the scheme is not at par
with the requirements. Wherever possible, quality NGOs should also be
incorporated for all the functions performed by ADEOs. During selection of NGOs
great care needs to be taken; only those NGOs who have proven past records of
formation of good SHGs and quality microfinance should be selected. Krupa
welfare society is one such quality NGO in Ujjain. The selection of NGO should be done
at state level instead of district level to prevent slackness and irregularities in selection
and functioning of NGOs.
7. Economic activity - Swarozgaris need not be pressured in the matter of choice of
economic activity. Rather they should be provided guidance in terms of viability or
sustainability of a particular activity depending on available resources and market.
Viability of activities selected should also be considered from all angles e.g.,
availability of fodder for animals, of electricity and water for irrigation projects, as these
are often the cause of failure of ventures undertaken
8. Financial Services - Accountability of Banks needs to be set. Unless and until it is
done this scheme can never produce results. Since bankers are also pressurized under
their work, separate Bank employees specifically working for Government policies
should be appointed. It will be further better if separate department under the name of
social Banking is opened in every bank whose employees are accountable for the
implementation of the scheme to the extent that if found guilty of not performing should
be penalized for promotions, increments and even dismissal in worst cases. This
recommendation is not possible for State government of M.P to implement, so if
possible this point should be communicated to central Government. This
suggestion might not appear feasible but unless and until it is done even NRLM
would not be able to produce desired results.
65
Immediate action should be taken against those banks who have taken Subsidy
of Revolving fund and Loan but still not formed CCL and disbursed loan. These funds
should be got immediatey released to beneficiaries
9. Marketing - Market survey as an important component especially of group activities
needs to be stressed. Marketing survey should be conducted for each and every
possible economic activity in the rural areas to know about the demand patterns of
various products. Marketing support in the form of linkage of SHGs to the markets
should be done, be it providing them transport vehicles, bringing orders, creating more
and more Haats and shops. Regular monitoring to ensure that they are getting right
rates for their products should also be done..
In Ujjain an effort should be made to make SHG members involved in dairy
the members of Dairy societies so that they can also enjoy benefits of Bonus and
other support services.
10. Miscellaneous - A programme such as SGSY is not enough to pull the poor out of
their poverty without a holistic package of inputs. In addition to the credit programme,
they must be supported by at least two welfare programmes of social security and
public distribution, covering health, life, accident and old age pension.
66
Conclusion
SGSY is a holistic programme covering all aspects of self employment for rural BPL
population. But at implementation level it has serious problems as pe the findings of the
study. Due to these problems it could not achieve the desired results. Though it covers
all the aspects of poverty alleviation programmes which earlier programmes lacked, but
failure of implementing agencies to work efficiently and in tandem with each other has
ultimately led to near failure of the scheme. The issues faced are at almost all the
stages of the scheme ranging from group formation, grading, training, selection of
economic activity, late and inadequate credit to marketing support.The objective of
SGSY is to bring the rural BPL families (swarozgaris) above the poverty line by ensuring
appreciable increase in income on a sustainable basis through creation of self
employment opportunities through a mix of credit and subsidy within a span of three
years. But many SHGs could not get credit even after three years. Moreover, the activity
selected either lacked in backward integration or forward integration or in some cases
even both. Thus the long term vertical movement of the activity is apparently
insignificant and thus sustainable increase in income is not achieved. Ultimately BPL
remains BPL or in some cases even fell in debt cycle and goes even below the BPL
level. Unless and until those issues of grading, training, credit and marketing are
resolved this scheme will also fail like its predecessor schemes of poverty alleviation.
67
LIMITATIONS
1. Time constraint- Two months are very less to study a Government policy.
2. Villagers suspicion towards an outsider.
3. Language barrier- Absence of knowledge of local dialects.
4. Busy daily life of villagers.
5. Gender constraint-Since 50% SHGs are exclusively for women in each block, so
they felt hesitant to interact
i
Annexures
Annexure I
Questionnaire
District level Questionnaire-
1. What is the total no. of blocks in the village?
2. What is the total no. of villages in each block?
3. In how many villages the scheme has been implemented since its inception?.
4. What is the total no. of SHGs formed till date?
5. How many SHGs are still working or active and have become defunct
6. Any specific reason for them becoming defunct?
7. What are the various stages or grading at which active SHGs are working?
8. What is the composition of these SHGs gender wise and caste wise?
9. Are APL families also members of these groups? If yes in how many groups and
what percentage they form in those groups?
10. What are the various activities taken by SHGs?
11. What are the sectors under which these activities are undertaken?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
12. Is there any sector or activity being predominant? If yes, any reason for that?
13. Were there any other SHGs formed under schemes other than SGSY? If yes,
by whom were they formed?
a) Women and child welfare department
b) Tribal department
c) NABARD
d) NGOs
ii
14. Were any efforts taken to strengthen and consolidate these groups
before forming new groups?
15. How much funds have been disbursed till date to the district?
16. How much funds have been utilized?
17. Any specific issue or problem faced in receiving the funds or utilization?
18. Out of the total funds how much funds have been used as loan, Revolving fund,
training and infrastructure building?
19. Under training were funds used for Basic orientation training or for skill up
gradation also?
20. Under skill upgradaion how much funds were used for Activity based, existing
skill enhancement and innovation?
21. What all infrastructures have been created by using infrastructure fund?
22. Do banks release funds beside revolving fund?
23. Do banks form cash credit limit or directly credit to SHGs accounts?
24. How much loan has been disbursed by banks?
25. Were disbursement regular, complete and at time?
26. Any specific issue or problem in loan disbursement by banks?
27. What all initiatives have been taken for linking SHGs to market?
28. Any other specific issue/problem faced regarding SGSY?
Block level Questionnaire
3. In how many villages the scheme has been implemented since its inception?
4. What is the total no. of SHGs formed till date?
5. How many SHGs are still working or active and have become defunct
6. Any specific reason for their becoming defunct?
7. What are the various stages or grading at which active SHGs are working?
8. What is the composition of these SHGs gender wise and caste wise?
9. Are APL families also members of these groups? If yes in how many groups and
what percentage they form in those groups?
10. What are the various activities taken by SHGs?
11. What are the sectors under which these activities are undertaken?
iii
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
12. Is there any sector or activity being predominant? If yes, any reason for that?
13. Were there any other SHGs formed under schemes other than SGSY?
14. If yes, by whom were they formed?
a) Women and child welfare department
b) Tribal department
c) NABARD
d) NGOs
15. Were any efforts taken to strengthen and consolidate these groups
before forming new groups?
16. How much funds have been disbursed till date to the district?
17. How much funds have been utilized?
18. Any specific issue or problem faced in receiving the funds or utilization?
19. Out of the total funds how much funds have been used as loan, Revolving fund,
training and infrastructure building?
20. Under training were funds used for Basic orientation training or for skill up
gradation also?
21. Under skill upgradaion how much funds were used for Activity based, existing
skill enhancement and innovation?
22. What all infrastructures have been created by using infrastructure fund?
23. Do banks release funds beside revolving fund?
24. Do banks form cash credit limit or directly credit to SHGs accounts?
25. How much loan has been disbursed by banks?
26. Were disbursement regular, complete and at time?
27. Any specific issue or problem in loan disbursement by banks?
28. What all initiatives have been taken for linking SHGs to market?
29. Any other specific issue/problem faced regarding SGSY at our block level?
iv
SHG level Questionnaire
1. When was your SHG formed?
2. What are the no. of members of your group?
3. How many male/female members and of which caste?
4. Is there any APL member in your group?
5. How many gradings have you passed?
6. Which activity had you taken or are willing to take as a group or individually?
How was that decided?
7. Have you being imparted any training?
8. Was training satisfactory? Do you want any other training or your previous
training to be repeated?
9. Has your economic condition improved after forming and working SHG?
10. How much funds have you received till date from government?
11. How much is your corpus fund right now?
12. Are u all literate? If yes till which classes have u studied?
13. Do you send your children to school?
14. How much u earn on an average in a month?
15. How is the loan distributed among the members?
16. Do all the members meet daily, weekly or monthly?
17. Who take the decision in the group
18. Did u face any problem at any stage i.e. group formation, stabilization or in
receiving revolving fund or loan and subsidy?
19. How was the support or cooperation from various officials, be it Sarpanch, BDO
or bank officials?
20. Do u maintain your account book properly?
21. What facilities have been provided to you for selling your product?
22. Have u ever visited BHOPAL haat or know about it?
23. Have SHG brought any change in your life? Are u able to meet ur daily ends?
24. Is there any increase in your personal assets after joining SHG?
25. Are you satisfied with working of SHG? Will u like to stay with SH
26. .Would u like to migrate to other village or city for other work?
v
Annexure II List of infrastructure created in Ujjain in Year 2009-2010
dk;kZy; ftyk iapk;r] mTtSsu
SGSY & vUrxZr v/kkslajpuk en ls Loh—r dk;Z
o"kZ 2009&10
Ø- o"kZ tuin
iapk;r
dk;Z dk uke Á'kkldh;
Loh—fr
¼jkf'k :-
yk[k esa½
fuxZfer
jkf'k
¼jkf'k
:-
yk[k esa½
Lo lgk;rk lewg dk
uke@fØ;kUo;u
,tsUlh dk uke
HkkSfrd çxfr
vçkjaEHk
1 2009&10 ?kfV;k odZ'ksM fuekZ.k 2.87 2.87 t; xaxk ekrk Lo
lgk;rk lewg xzke
fiify;k eqt¶Qk
xzke iapk;r dnokyh
izxfr ij
2 2009&10 ?kfV;k odZ'ksM fuekZ.k 2.87 2.87 iouiq= Lo lgk;rk
lewg xzke /kwyegw
xzke iapk;r /kwyegw
izxfr ij
3 2009&10 ?kfV;k gkV cktkj
fuekZ.k
5.00 5.00 lewg foi.ku gsrw
xzke iapk;r fcNMksn
[kkylk
izxfr ij
4 2009&10 mTtSu gkV cktkj
fuekZ.k
5.00 5.00 lewg foi.ku gsrw
xzke iapk;r fiiyksnk
}kjdk/kh'k
dk;Ziw.kZ lhlh
izkIr
5 2009&10 mTtSu odZ'ksM fuekZ.k 2.87 2.87 vkn'kZ Lo lgk;rk
lewg xzke iapk;r
lseY;k ulj
izxfr ij
6 2009&10 rjkuk odZ'ksM fuekZ.k 3.00 3.00 jfonkl Lo lgk;rk
lewg xzke iapk;r
MkcMk jktiwr
izxfr ij
7 2009&10 rjkuk gkV cktkj
fuekZ.k
5.00 5.00 lewg foi.ku gsrw
xzke iapk;r ikV
izxfr ij
8 2009&10 rjkuk gkV cktkj
fuekZ.k
5.00 5.00 lewg foi.ku gsrw
xzke iapk;r
:ik[ksMh
izxfr ij
9 2006&07 cM+uxj nqdku fuekZ.k
¼f}rh; fd'r½
4.30 4.30 xzke veyk dk;Ziw.kZ lhlh
izkIr
vi
10 2009&10 ftyk
iapk;r
Hkksiky
lewg foi.ku
gsrw
0.60 0.60 Hkksiky gkV cktkj
Hkksiky iw.kZ
11 2009&10 efgniqj odZ'ksM fuekZ.k
¼f}rh; fd'r½
1.00 - xzke iapk;r
ykyk[ksMh
efgniqj
tuin ds ikl
'ks"k jkf'k esa ls
fuxZeu dh
Lohd`rh nh
xbZ
12 2009&10 ftyk
iapk;r
mTtSu
gLrf'kYi esyk 5.00 5.00 ftyk iapk;r mTtSu esyk laiUu
13 2009&10 efgniqj odZ'ksM fuekZ.k 3.00
&
eka 'ksjkokyh Lo
lgk;rk lewg xzke
iapk;r ?kksalyk
efgniqj esa iqoZ
esa 'ks"k jkf'k 1-
00 yk[k izFke
fd'r ds :Ik
esa fuxZeu
14 2009&10 rjkuk odZ'ksM fuekZ.k 3.00 3.00 vEcs Lo lgk;rk
lewg xzke iapk;r
lkekusjk
izxfr ij
48.51 44.51
vii
Annexure III
List of SHGs in Sagar whose loans are sanctioned not disbused
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1. fn'kk, Lok lgk;rk lewg lkuks/kk lkxj 3-00 lhchvkbZijlksfj;k
2. gfjvkse Loklgk;rk lewg cj[ksjk jkgrx<+ 4-34 lhchvkbZjkgrxV
3. nhidk Loklgk;rk lewg dksyqvk jkgrx<+ 4-62 lhchvkbZehj[ksMh
4. Hkksys Loklgk;rk lewg fdVqvk jkgrx<+ 4-68 lhchvkbZehj[ksMh
5. xksnku ;kstuk flyaxko [kqjbZ 6 ds'k lhchvkbZ okj/kk
6. xaxk Loklgk;rk lewg gjnksV chuk 2-50 lhchvkbZ ckeksjk
7. y{eh efgyk Lok lgk;rk
lewg
fpjfpBk nsojh 2-00 lhchvkbZ xksj>kej
8. egkRekxka/kh Lok lgk;rk
lewg
oksfj;k nsojh 2*50 lhchvkbZ xksj>kej
9. nqxkZ Lok lgk;rk lewg gFk[ksg nsojh 2-75 lhchvkbZ xksj>kej
10. d`".kk Lok lgk;rk lewg nyiriqj dslyh 3-20 lhchvkbZ dslyh
11. y+{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg lrksfj;k chuk 6-20 lhchvkbZ chuk
12. t;vEcs Lok lgk;rk
lewg
dsoykjhdyka dslyh 3-50 lhchvkbZ BMk
13. lkxlCth Lok lgk;rk
lewg
nsojh dyka dslyh 3-50 lhchvkbZ dslyh
14. y?kq flpkWbZ Loklgk;rk
lewg
Hkkilksu chuk 2-50 lhchvkbZ eaMh ckeksjk
viii
15. T;ksfr Loklgk;rk lewg ?kkuk dslyh 3-50 lhchvkbZ dslyh
16. Y/kq flpkWbZ Loklgk;rk
lewg
bZlj[ksM+h chuk 2-50 lhchvkbZ eaMh ckeksjk
17. fodykax &3 xkSgj chuk 1-20 lhchvkbZ eaMh ckeksjk
18. ,drk Lo lgk;rk lewg [kqekjh caMk 4-00 lh ch vkbZ &caMk
19. x.sk'k Lo lgk;rk lewg ikVbZ jgyh 3-00 lh ch vkbZ &jgyh
20. f'k[kk Lo lgk;rk lewg vpyiqj jgyh 4-00 lh ch vkbZ &jgyh
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 y?kq flapkbZ Loklgk;rk
lewg
dkSjtk tSlhuxj 3-98 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
2 d`".kk Loklgk;rk lewg lsejk dyka tSlhuxj 3-50 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
3 Jhjke Loklgk;rk lewg tkSgfj;k tSlhuxj 3-16 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
4 etcwr flag xuir flag
,dy
e'kqjgkbZ tSlhuxj 0-55 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
5 Jhjke rstlhax gljbZ tSlhuxj -80 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
6 lkfnd@lqoku egqvka[ksM+k tSlhuxj -40 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
7 lyhe@fnynkj egqvka[ksM+k tSlhuxj -50 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
8 lkfoj@lkfdj egqvka[ksM+k tSlhuxj -40 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
ix
9 lkfgn@lqoku egqvka[ksM+k tSlhuxj -40 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
10 ulhe@fnynkj egqvka[ksM+k tSlhuxj -50 chvksvkbZ csj[ksM+h
11 tkx`fr Loklgk;rk lewg mefj;klsejk jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
12 uotkxj.k Loklgk;rk lewg pkSdh jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
13 Tokyk Loklgk;rk lewg lsejkesMk jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
14 ljLorh Loklgk;rk lewg f'kdkjiqj jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
15 uoT;ksfr Loklgk;rk lewg mefj;klsejk jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
16 eka larks"kh Loklgk;rk lewg cgknqjiqj jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
17 t; guqeku Loklgk;rk
lewg
cklksnk jkgrx<+ 3-62 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
18 nw/k Ms;jh Loklgk;rk lewg tkequBkuk jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
19 eka 'kkjnk Loklgk;rk lewg dkaVh/kkVh jkgrx<+ 4-72 chvksvkbZ jkgrxB
20 xfjek Loklgk;rk lewg xaHkhfj;kgkV jkgrx<+ 2-57 chvksvkbZ csj[ksMh
21 'kkjnk Loklgk;rk lewg VhykcqtqxZ jkgrx<+ 2-75 chvksvkbZ csj[ksMh
22 t; eka 'kkjnk Loklgk;rk
lewg
VhykcqtqxZ jkgrx<+ 4-62 chvksvkbZ csj[ksMh
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 eka larks"kh Loklgk;rk
lewg
rksM+k rjQnkj tSlhuxj 2-50 ,lchvkbZ tSlhuxj
x
2 mUur d`f"k vkStkj
Loklgk;rk lewg
/kkxj [kqjbZ 4-50 ,lchvkbZ [kqjbZ
3 xksnku ;kstuk fiifj;k [kqjbZ 6 ds'k ,lchvkbZ [kqjbZ
4 y{eh Loklgk;rk lewg dyjkouh chuk 2-50 ,lchvkbZohuk
5 vkfnoklh Loklgk;rk lewg fcgjuk chuk 5-00 ,lchvkbZohuk
6 izxfr Lok lgk;rk lewg lquk jgyh nsojh 2-50 ,lchvkbZ nsojh
7 jkf/kdk Lok lgk;rk lewg flykjh nsojh 4-00 ,lchvkbZ nsojh
8 gfjvkse Lok lgk;rk lewg flykjh nsojh 4-00 ,lchvkbZ nsojh
9 cs".ko Loklgk;rk lewg Nk;u 'kkgx<+ 3-00 ,lchvkbZ 'kkgx<+
10 f'ko Loklgk;rk lewg Nk;u 'kkgx<+ 3-00 ,lchvkbZ 'kkgx<+
11 d`".kk nw/k Msjh Loklgk;rk
lewg
chykxzke 'kkgx<+ 3-00 ,lchvkbZ 'kkgx<+
12 y?kq flapkbZ Loklgk;rk
lewg
chykxzke 'kkgx<+ 4-20 ,lchvkbZ 'kkgx<+
13 lqgkxu Lolgk;rk lewg ckanjh ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
14 ekWa 'khryk Lolgk;rk lewg Nhduh ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
15 ekW Hkokuh Lolgk;rk lewg eqgyh
fiBksfj;ka
ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
16 f'ko'akdj Lolgk;rk lewg fonokalu ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
17 izxfr Lolgk;rk lewg <kojh ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
18 d`".kk Lolgk;rk lewg ckanjh ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
19 yodq'k ouksit Lolgk;rk
lewg
ef<+;k dhjFk ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
20 ekW nqxkZ nw/k Msjh
Lolgk;rk lewg
befy;k ekyFkkSu 5-00 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
xi
21 x.ks'k Lolgk;rk lewg befy;k ekyFkkSu 3-25 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
22
vUuiw.kkZ Loklgk;rk lewg ckanjh ekyFkkSu 2-50 ,lchvkbZ ckanjh
23 y[eh Lo lgk;rk lewg twuk jgyh 3-00 ,lchvkbZ jgyh
24 izxfr Lo lgk;rk lewg twuk jgyh 3-00 ,lchvkbZ jgyh
25 fo'okl Lo lgk;rk lewg Qqyj jgyh 3-00 ,lchvkbZ x<kdksVk
26 xaxk Lo lgk;rk lewg xqatkSjk jgyh 4-00 ,lchvkbZ x<kdksVk
27 t;k Lo lgk;rk lewg xqatkSjk jgyh 3-00 ,lchvkbZ x<kdksVk
28 vkse Lo lgk;rkw lewg fiifj;k
dqojeu
jgyh 4-00 ,lchvkbZ x<kdksVk
29 t; eka 'kkjnk Vhyk cqtqxZ jkgrx< 3-60 ,lchvkbZ jkgrx<
30 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg iMfj;k tSlhuxj 4-00 ,lchvkbZ lsek<kuk
31 f'ko'kfDr Lo lgk;rk
lewg
esuikuh lkxj 4-50 ,lchvkbZ flfoy
ykbu
32 eka gfjfl)h Lo lgk;rk
lewg
lqvkryk lkxj 4-50 ,lchvkbZ flfoy
ykbu
33 eka txnEck Lo lgk;rk
lewg
fd'kuiqjk lkxj 4-50 ,lchvkbZ flfoy
ykbu
34 tkx`fr Lo lgk;rk lewg gukSrkdyk lkxj 3-50 ,lchvkbZ flfoy
ykbu
35 nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg lqj[kh lkxj 3-00 ,lchvkbZ flfoy
ykbu
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
xii
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 iwju uans gljbZ tSlhuxj -80 ih,lch lhgksjk
2 t; ekfl/kokfguh
Loklgk;rk lewg
lhgksjk jkgrx<+ 2-50 ih,lch lhgksjk
3 tokgj Loklgk;rk lewg yksBuk jkgrx<+ 3-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
4 d`".kk Loklgk;rk lewg csj[ksMhxksiky jkgrx<+ 3-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
5 Hkxrflg Loklgk;rk lewg lhgksjk jkgrx<+ 3-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
6 d".kk Loklgk;rk lewg lhgksjk jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
7 ljLorh Loklgk;rk lewg yksVuh jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
8 'ksyiq=h Loklgk;rk lewg lhgksjk jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
9 oStUrh Loklgk;rk lewg yksVuk jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
10 Tokyk Loklgk;rk lewg Bxjkfu;k jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
11 vEcsMdj Loklgk;rk lewg lhgksjk jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
12 foosdkuan Loklgk;rk lewg [ktqfj;k jkgrx<+ 3-38 ih,lch lhgksjk
13 Hkxrflg Loklgk;rk lewg uksjtk jkgrx<+ 5-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
14 jkuh y{ehckbZ Loklgk;rk
lewg
uksjtk jkgrx<+ 5-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
15 eka nqxkZ Loklgk;rk lewg yksVuk jkgrx<+ 5-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
16 jkek Lo lgk;rk lewg lhgksjk jkgrxM 4-00 ih,lch lhgksjk
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
xiii
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 xksikyk Loklgk;rk
lewg
dksM+uh jkgrx<+ 4-80 ih,uch uj;kokyh
2 uhek Loklgk;rk lewg lekSl jkgrx<+ 2-00 ih,uch uj;kokyh
3 ek;k Loklgk;rk lewg dakpjh jkgrx<+ 3-40 ih,uch uj;kokyh
4 f'ko 'kadj Loklgk;rk
lewg
dkapjh jkgrx<+ 3-40 ih,uch uj;kokyh
5 ty/kkjk Loklgk;rk
lewg
eqfM+;kdyjbZ jkgrx<+ 3-00 ih,uch uj;kokyh
6 nw/k Msjh Loklgk;rk
lewg
gukSfr dyka jkgrx<+ 4-72 ih,uch ijkljh dyak
7 uotkxzrh Loklgk;rk
lewg
gqjk jkgrx<+ 4-72 ih,uch ijkljh dyka
8 eka 'kjnk nw/k Msjh
Loklgk;rk lewg
dkSyqvka jkgrx<+ 4-72 ih,uch ijkljh dyka
9 eka 'kkjnk Loklgk;rk
lewg
ekudh lyS;k jkgrx<+ 4-72 ih,uch ijkljh dyka
10 egkohj Lolgk;rk
lewg
fjNksMk lkxj 4-00 ih,uch lnj
11 yodq'k Lolgk;rk
lewg
ewMjh lkxj 4-00 ih,uch lnj
12 t;ctjax Lolgk;rk
lewg
ewMjh lkxj 4-00 ih,uch lnj
13 ty/kkjk Lolgk;rk
lewg
nsojkuh chuk 4-20 ih,uch chuk
14 tequk Lolgk;rk lewg gMdy chuk 3-45 ih,uch chuk
xiv
15 ,dy izdj.k chuk 5-85 ih,uch chuk
16 dqlqe Lolgk;rk lewg nsgjh chuk 4-00 ih,uch chuk
17 fo".kq Lolgk;rk lewg uj;koyh jkgrx< 6-00 ih,uch uj;kokyh
18 ,dy nks jkgrx< 1-00 ih,uch uj;kokyh
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 ty/kkjk Loklgk;rk lewg egknso[ksMh chuk 2-00 dsujk cSd chuk
2 Jh jke Loklgk;rk lewg tks/k chuk 2-50 dsujk cSd chuk
3 ,dy izdj.k chuk 1-00 dsujk cSd chuk
4 csljk Loklgk;rk lewg csljk chuk 4-00 dsujk cSd chuk
5 ohuk Loklgk;rk lewg iqjsuk chuk 4-00 dsujk cSd chuk
6 Jh jke Loklgk;rk lewg fjNksMk lkxj 4-00 dsujk cSd lkxj
7 ygVokl Lo lgk;rk lewg ygVokl chuk 4-60 dsujk cSd chuk
8 olqU/kjk Lo lgk;rk lewg leukiqj lkxj 4-50 dsujk cSad lkxj
9 'osrk Lo lgk;rk lewg uVjh lkxj 4-50 dsujk cSad lkxj
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
xv
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 d`"kd Lo lgk;rk lewg leukiqj nsojh 2-50 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
2 cMh ikiM Lo lgk;rk lewg fiifj;kuns nsojh 2-80 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
3 jkuh nqxkZorh Lo lgk;rk
lewg
egkjktiqj nsojh 4-00 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
4 egkjkuh y{ehckbZ Lo lgk;rk
lewg
[kdfj;k nsojh 4-40 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
5 fxjtk lqeu Lo lgk;rk lewg leukiqj nsojh 2-50 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
6 ekW ueZnk Lo lgk;rk lewg xksVsxkao nsojh 3-50 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
7 “kkafr Lo lgk;rk lewg iukjh nsojh 4-50 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
8 gjfl}h Lo lgk;rk lewg flefj;k nsojh 3-50 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
9 cdjh ikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg egjktiwj nsojh 4-00 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
10 t; ctjax Lo lgk;rk lewg egjktiqj nsojh 4-60 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
11 ekW Hkokuh Lo lgk;rk lewg rhrjikuh nsojh 3-50 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
12 HkkX;ksn; Lo lgk;rk lewg egjktiqj nsojh 5-00 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
13 [kSjkirh Lo lgk;rk lewg egjktiqj nsojh 4-30 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
14 f'ko 'kfDr Lo lgk;rk lewg csj[ksMhdyk jgyh 3-00 ;wchvkbZ x<kdksVk
15 eka 'kkjnk Lo lgk;rk lewg rkylsejk jgyh 3-00 ;wchvkbZ x<kdksVk
16 gfjfl)h Lo lgk;rk lewg rhrjikuh jgyh 4-00 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
17 xq:d`ik Lolgk;rk lewg rhrjikuh jgyh 4-00 ;wchvkbZ egkjktiwj
18 t; eka Hkokuh Lolgk;rk
lewg
pkSdk neksg lkxj 4-50 ;wchvkbZ 'kkgiwj
xvi
19 viuk fo'okl Lolgk;rk lewg nsojh iFkfj;k lkxj 4-50 ;wchvkbZ 'kkgiwj
20 lk{; Lolgk;rk lewg <kaxh Mgj lkxj 4-50 ;wchvkbZ 'kkgiwj
21 'kkjnk Lolgk;rk lewg [kStjk m)sr lkxj 4-50 ;wchvkbZ 'kkgiwj
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 dqekj Loklgk;rk lewg rksM+ dkNh [kqjbZ vkjvkjch cjksfn;ka
2 Hkkjrh Loklgk;rk lewg cjksfn;ka [kqjbZ vkjvkjch cjksfn;ka
3 cMsnso Lok lgk;rk lewg dqleh nsojh 2-50 vkjvkjch nsojh
4 lR;e Lok lgk;rk lewg dqleh nsojh 2-75 vkjvkjch nsojh
5 y{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg es<dh dslyh 3-50 vkj vkj ch xkSj>kej
6 lw;kZ Loklgk;rk lewg teqfu;k c.Mk 3-50 vkjvkjch caMk
7 jks'kuh Loklgk;rk lewg Dok'yk c.Mk 3-50 vkjvkjch caMk
8 ek/kqjh Loklgk;rk lewg ikVu c.Mk 3-50 vkjvkjch caMk
9 ikjl Loklgk;rk lewg teqfu;k c.Mk 3-50 vkjvkjch caMk
10 ty/kkjk Loklgk;rk lewg txFkj c.Mk 3-50 vkjvkjch caMk
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
xvii
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 vVy Lo lgk;rk lewg gQflayh lkxj 5-00 bafM;u cSd lkxj
2 ns”kiwtk Lo lgk;rk lewg gQflyh lkxj 5-00 bafM;u cSd lkxj
3 egkRek xka/kh Lo lgk;rk lewg ixkjk lkxj 5-00 bafM;u cSd lkxj
4 t;fgUn Lo lgk;rk lewg eloklh lkxj 5-00 bafM;u cSd lkxj
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 ,dy fodykax &3 lkxj 1-50 ,lchvkbZ bUnkSj
2 y/kq flpkWbZ Lo lgk;rk lewg lkxj 5-00 ,lchvkbZ bUnkSj
¼vkj0ds0f=ikBh½
eq[; dk;Zikyu vf/kdkjh
ftyk iapk;r lkxj
xviii
vforfjr Lo lgk;rk lewgks dh lwph
Ø0 lewg dk uke xzke tuin Lohd`r
jkf'k
cSd dk uke
1 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg iFkfj;k
tkV
lkxj 4-20 chvksch edjksfu;k
2 lar jfonkl Lo lgk;rk lewg lkgw[ksMk lkxj 4-20 chvksch edjksfu;k
3 'kkjnk Lo lgk;rk lewg iFkfj;k
tkV
lkxj 5-60 chvksch edjksfu;k
xix
Annexure IV
List of SHGs whose CCL not issued
dk;kZy; ftyk iapk;r lkxj e0iz0
,lth,lok; ;kstukUrxZr lh lh ,y ls oafpr lewg dh
tkudkjh -
dzekad lewg dk uke xzke tuin iznk;
vuqnku
jkf'k
lacaf/kr 'kk[kk dk uke
1 ekW ueZnk Lo lgk;rk lewg [kqjbZ Fkkojh tSlhuxj 10000 e/; Hkkjr xzkeh.k caSd fcygjk
2 xksfon Lo lgk;rk lewg lhaxuk tSlhuxj 10000
3 iwokZ Lo lgk;rk lewg fcygjk tSlhuxj 10000
4 vkse Lo lgk;rk lewg [kqjbZ Fkkojh tSlhuxj 10000
5
Jh jke vkjk/kuk Lo lgk;rk
lewg fcygjk tSlhuxj 10000
6 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh tSlhuxj 10000
7 ueZnk Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh tSlhuxj 10000
8 'kkafr Lo lgk;rk lewg Vsdkikj tSlhuxj 10000
9 oS'kkyh Lo lgk;rk lewg cEkksjh tSlhuxj 10000
10 nhun;ky Lo lgk;rk lewg fcygjk tSlhuxj 10000
11 iwtk Lo lgk;rk lewg fcygjk tSlhuxj 10000
12 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg x<ksyh tSlhuxj 10000
13 ekW nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg iukjh tSlhuxj 10000
14 fl;koj Lo lgk;rk lewg x<ksyh tSlhuxj 10000
15 ekW y{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg cDlokgk tSlhuxj 10000
16 y{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg ghjkiqj tSlhuxj 10000
17 vEcsMdj Lo lgk;rk lewg lhaxuk tSlhuxj 10000
18 dkafr Lo lgk;rk lewg fcygjk tSlhuxj 10000
19
t; ekW d`ik HkokuhLo lgk;rk
lewg lhaxuk tSlhuxj 10000
20 t; ekrk nh Lo lgk;rk lewg lhxuk tSlhuxj 10000
xx
21 ekW 'kfDr Lo lgk;rk lewg cDlokgk tSlhuxj 10000
22 ckykth Lo lgk;rk lewg cDlokgk tSlhuxj 10000
23 f'ko'kfDr Lo lgk;rk lewg lj[kM+h tSlhuxj 10000 SBI SEMADHANA
24 ekW 'kkjnk Lo lgk;rk lewg lj[kM+h tSlhuxj 10000
25 t; ekW nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg ekspy tSlhuxj 10000
26 ckykth Lo lgk;rk lewg lj[kM+h tSlhuxj 10000 CANRA BANK
27 fdj.k efgyk Lo lgk;rk lewg 'kksHkkiqj tSlhuxj 10000 SBI JAISINAGAR
28 Jh xus'k Lo lgk;rk lewg ixkliqjk tSlhuxj 10000 SBI SEMADHANA
29 Jh xq# johnkl Lo lgk;rk lewg ixkliqjk tSlhuxj 10000 SBI SEMADHANA
30
Jh jk/kk fd'ku Lo lgk;rk
lewg rsUnwMkcj tSlhuxj 10000
31 t; Hkksys ukFk Lo lgk;rk lewg ixkliqjk tSlhuxj 10000
32 jk/kk fd'ku Lo lgk;rk lewg ekspy tSlhuxj 10000
33 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg iMjbZ tSlhuxj 10000
34 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg lkxksuh [kqnZ tSlhuxj 10000 BANK OFINDIA BERKHERI
35 fdj.k Lo lgk;rk lewg dkyhiBkj tSlhuxj 10000
36 izxfr Lo lgk;rk lewg VsgjhVsgjh tSlhuxj 10000
37 bZV fuekZ.k Lo lgk;rk lewg elwjgkbZ tSlhuxj 10000
38 y?kq flpkWbZ Lo lgk;rk lewg Vsgjk Vsgjh tSlhuxj 10000
39 vkn'kZ efgyk Lo lgk;rk lewg xsgWwjkl cqtqxZ tSlhuxj 10000 SBI JAISINAGAR
40 ekW nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg xsgWwjkl cqtqxZ tSlhuxj 10000
41 I;kjsyky Lo lgk;rk lewg xsgWwjkl cqtqxZ tSlhuxj 10000
42 nqtZu Lo lgk;rk lewg gMk tSlhuxj 10000
43 cnzh Lo lgk;rk lewg ?kks/kjh tSlhuxj 10000
44 Bkdqj ckck Lo lgk;rk lewg ?kks/kjh tSlhuxj 10000
45 dq'kokgk Lo lgk;rk lewg [ktqfj;k tSlhuxj 10000
46 ekW 'kkjnk Lo lgk;rk lewg tSlhuxj tSlhuxj 10000
47 xus'k lewg Lo lgk;rk lewg tSlhuxj tSlhuxj 10000
48 nqxkZ lewg Lo lgk;rk lewg tSlhuxj tSlhuxj 10000
49 iwtk Lo lgk;rk lewg fo'kuiqj tSlhuxj 10000
50 ctjax Lo lgk;rk lewg fo'kuiqj tSlhuxj 10000
51 jfonkl Lo lgk;rk lewg cEgksjh ?kkV tSlhuxj 10000
lkxj
1 ,drk Lo lgk;rk lewg lqj[kh lkxj 10000 SBI CIVIL LINE
2 Lok/khurk Lo lgk;rk lewg lqj[kh lkxj 10000
3 ekW gjfl}h Lo lgk;rk lewg lqj[kh lkxj 10000
4 gjfla}h Lo lgk;rk lewg lqj[kh lkxj 10000
5 t; Hkhe Lo lgk;rk lewg fuVjhZ lkxj 10000 CANRA BANK
6 'kkjnk Lo lgk;rk lewg ?kkVeiqj lkxj 10000 RRB DHANA
xxi
7 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg mn;iqjk lkxj 10000 UBI DHANA
8 tkx`fr Lo lgk;rk lewg vtZuk lkxj 10000
9 feyu Lo lgk;rk lewg jsao>k lkxj 10000
10 Jh xus'k Lo lgk;rk lewg jsao>k lkxj 10000
11 LojLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg fgyxu lkxj 10000 SBI CIVIL LINE
12 xtkuu Lo lgk;rk lewg fgyxu lkxj 10000
13 xkSjh Lo lgk;rk lewg fgyxu lkxj 10000
14 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg nsojh iFkfj;k lkxj 10000 UBI SHAHPUR
15 viuk fo'okl Lo lgk;rk lewg nsojh iFkfj;k lkxj 10000
16 t; ekW Hkokuh Lo lgk;rk lewg pkSdk neksg lkxj 10000
17 vkse Lo lgk;rk lewg cjikuh lkxj 10000
18 txnEck Lo lgk;rk lewg fxjoj lkxj 10000 CBI PARSORIYA
19 izxfr Lo lgk;rk lewg u;k[ksM+k lkxj 10000
20 izxfr Lo lgk;rk lewg jxksyh lkxj 10000
dslyh
1 uokadqj Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
2 Jh jke Lo lgk;rk lewg ljobZ dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
3 ikoZrh Lo lgk;rk lewg jke[ksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
4 vorkj Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
5 d`".kk Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
6 y{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg jke[ksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
7 jSnkl Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
8 'kfDr Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
9 vkn'kZ Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
10 HkSl ikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg egdk fiifj;k dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
11 HkSl ikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg u;kuxj dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
12 T;ksfr Lo lgk;rk lewg ?kkuk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
13 Lo lgk;rk lewg iBkdyka dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
14 laxBu Lo lgk;rk lewg xqVksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
15 loksZn; Lo lgk;rk lewg u;kuxj dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
16 x.kifr Lo lgk;rk lewg egdk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
17 vatfy Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
18 vkS"kf/k Lo lgk;rk lewg dsslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
19 eRL; ikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg f>fj;k dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
20 egksno Lo lgk;rk lewg Mqxfj;k dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
21 y{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
22 foosdkuan Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
23 vorkj Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
24 xka/kh Lo lgk;rk lewg enuiqj dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
xxii
25 foosdkuan Lo lgk;rk lewg Mksek dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
26 ctjax Lo lgk;rk lewg fiifj;k dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
27 xka/kh Lo lgk;rk lewg iqrjkZ dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
28 fo'okl Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
29 f=Hkqou Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
30 Jh nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
31 Jh 'kfDr Lo lgk;rk lewg ?kkuk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
32 Jh nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg jke[ksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
33 lrxq# Lo lgk;rk lewg leukiqj dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
34 izxfr Lo lgk;rk lewg egdk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
35 nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg teqfu;k dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
36 uonqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg jkuhiqjk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
37 tkx`fr Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
38 t; ekW Lo lgk;rk lewg xqVksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
39 xus'k Lo lgk;rk lewg fpjbZ dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
40 gjfl}h Lo lgk;rk lewg iBkdyka dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
41 iwtk Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
42 etcwr Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
43 d`".kk Lo lgk;rk lewg rwejh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
44 cdjhikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
45 cdjh ikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg lkxksuh dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
46 izxfr Lo lgk;rk lewg lkxksuh dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
47 cdjhikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg rksM+dk dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
48 egkRekxka/kh Lo lgk;rk lewg datsjk dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
49 ueZnk Lo lgk;rk lewg cj[kkjk dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
50 oalq/kjk Lo lgk;rk lewg cj[kkjk dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
51 t; vacs Lo lgk;rk lewg fdjdksVk dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
52 xaxk Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
53 xksnkojh Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
54 jfonkl Lo lgk;rk lewg [kSjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
55 ueZnk Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
56 'kkcjh Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
57 xksdy Lo lgk;rk lewg pkSdh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
58 xk;=h Lo lgk;rk lewg pkSdh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
59 ds'ko Lo lgk;rk lewg pkSdh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
60 ek/ko Lo lgk;rk lewg pkSdh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
61 jathrk Lo lgk;rk lewg xqVksjh nsojh dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
62 ';ke Lo lgk;rk lewg iVuk ckck dslyh 10000 RRB GOURJHAMER
63 nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg guksfr;k dslyh 10000 RRB KESLI
xxiii
64 ekW 'kkjnk Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
65 'kfDRk Lo lgk;rk lewg ?kkuk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
66 ljLorh Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
67 gjh Lo lgk;rk lewg f>fj;k dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
68 f=os.kh Lo lgk;rk lewg lsejk dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
69 vatuh Lo lgk;rk lewg VMk dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
70 Jnk Lo lgk;rk lewg vtZuh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
71 fl;koj Lo lgk;rk lewg vtZuh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
72 larks"k Lo lgk;rk lewg dqdokjk dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
73 catjax Lo lgk;rk lewg dqdokjk dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
74 f'ko ikoZrh Lo lgk;rk lewg eqgkWlk dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
75 y{eh Lo lgk;rk lewg jke[ksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
76 nqxk Lo lgk;rk lewg jkuhiqjk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
77 uo nqxkZ Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
78 tkx`fr Lo lgk;rk lewg xqVksjhikuk dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
79 Jh xus'k Lo lgk;rk lewg iBkdyka dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
80 gjfl}h Lo lgk;rk lewg dslyh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
81 vktkn Lo lgk;rk lewg ckadksjh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
82 rkjk Lo lgk;rk lewg iVuk nsojh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
83 'kfDr Lo lgk;rk lewg lfj;kikuh dslyh 10000 CBI KESLI
84 gjhvkse Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
85 fo|k lkxj Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
86 t; ekW Hkokuh Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
87 HkSl ikyu Lo lgk;rk lewg dsoykjh dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
88 d`".kk Lo lgk;rk lewg f>fj;k dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
89 vkdk'k Lo lgk;rk lewg f>fj;k dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
90 olqa/kjk Lo lgk;rk lewg f>fj;k dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
91 gjh Lo lgk;rk lewg f>fj;k dslyh 10000 CBI TADA
nsojh 10000
1 vkjtw Lo lgk;rk lewg eM[ksjk nsojh 10000 CBI GOURJHAMER
2 Lkaxhrk Lo lgk;rk lewg dskijk nsojh 10000 RRB DEORI
3 lkSjHk Lo lgk;rk lewg lwjknsgh nsojh 10000 RRB DEORI
4 vacsMdj Lo lgk;rk lewg lrksfj;k nsojh 10000 SBI DEORI
5 egkRek xka/kh Lo lgk;rk lewg cgsfj;k nsojh 10000 SBI DEORI
xxiv
.
xxv
