Evaluating labour requirements within a multi-objective land use planning tool Keith Matthews, Kevin...
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Transcript of Evaluating labour requirements within a multi-objective land use planning tool Keith Matthews, Kevin...
Evaluating labour requirements within a multi-objective land use planning tool
Keith Matthews, Kevin Buchan, Andy DalzielMODSIM 2003
IntroductionMulti-functional land management
Roles for research and decision support systems (DSS)
Resource Scheduling Tool (RST)Importance of labour and capital equipmentFinancial viability of alternative land use strategiesSocial impacts – amount and quality of employmentSocial sustainability
Utopian Solution
Obj
ectiv
e 2
Opt
imum
Objective 1 Optimum
RegionInfeasible
RegionFeasible
Pareto-optimal range Objective1
Pare
to-o
ptim
al r
ange
Obj
ectiv
e2
Objective1Pareto-optimal solutions
Obj
ectiv
e2
Pareto-optimality
Comparing DSS with practitioner allocations
F-2 (Diversity)
AG-2 (Closest)
E1-2 (Financial)
Resource Scheduling Tool (RST)Schedules of resource use for land use plans
Resources – labour and capital equipment
LabourFull-, part-, seasonal-Normal-time, over-time, limits(?)Wage costSkills determining tasks that can undertake
Capital equipmentDetermines work ratesCompatibility constraintsReplacement lifespan, depreciationRepair, running and legal costs
Resource Scheduling Tool (RST)Schedules of tasks performed by or using the resources
Tasks – defined from the pattern of land use and management
MagnitudeLand area, weight of material or numbers of livestock
PrerequisitesChaining tasks – e.g. preparation for arable cropsStart-to-start relationships
Resources requiredPart of the definition of the management regimenCan be all or part contracted
PrioritisedAnimal welfare, high financial impacts, maintenance
Time-windowsFixed start and completion dates, weather effectsEarliest completion with normal-time
RST Architecture
RST operationsImplemented as steps, transitions and transfers
RST operationsTasks allocated resources in steps 2-7
RST operationsTasks in ready queue – depend on the scheduler clock
Clock steps by week
Time taken – sub hourWhen within week – not determined
Sub-hourly precision but weekly resolution
Tasks that can be completed in the weekallowing for inefficiency (%)
RST operationsWithin the week tasks scheduled by priority
Base and Variable
Base from task typeVariable – heuristics
Tasks less complete
Tasks closer to deadlines
Variable is float – so no tiebreaking
RST operationsResources allocated to prioritised tasks - heuristics
Labour with most unallocated time
Prime movers of minimum size
Implements with fastestwork rates
Maximum single allocation – parameter
Minimum allocation other than to complete.
RST operationsTask blocking – through lack of resources for prerequisites
Prerequisite cannot be completed, so partially contracted – at the earliest date
The follow-on tasks are then be reconsidered
For example a three man task may block a two manunnecessarily
Rollback where resource constraints within windowscan be problematical
RST Raw OutputsWORK done by resourcesDate Sub-schedule Job ID Units Wrkd Total Units Cost Resource Hrs Worked Res Cost NT/OT
01/01/2003 Upland Sheep (Inside Feeding) Silage Feed Inside 191716 193.036 193.04 35.69 Upland Sheep Silage 4.5 0 NT
01/01/2003 Upland Sheep (Inside Feeding) Silage Feed Inside 191716 193.036 193.04 35.69 Full Time Shepherd 4.5 35.69 NT
01/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191717 284.004 284 307.79 75hp Tractor 19.87 150.22 NT
01/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191717 284.004 284 307.79 Full Time Stockman 19.87 157.57 NT
01/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191717 284.004 284 307.79 Loader (Attachment) 19.87 0 NT
01/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191717 284.004 284 307.79 Sucker Cattle Silage 19.87 0 NT
01/01/2003 Spring Barley Ploughing 191718 9 15.25 899.4 Full Time 30 237.9 NT
01/01/2003 Spring Barley Ploughing 191718 9 15.25 899.4 Plough (2 furrow) 30 434.7 NT
01/01/2003 Spring Barley Ploughing 191718 9 15.25 899.4 75hp Tractor 30 226.8 NT
01/01/2003 Spring Barley Ploughing 191719 6.254 15.25 625.09 Full Time Shepherd 20.85 165.34 NT
01/01/2003 Spring Barley Ploughing 191719 6.254 15.25 625.09 Plough (2 furrow) 20.85 302.12 NT
01/01/2003 Spring Barley Ploughing 191719 6.254 15.25 625.09 75hp Tractor 20.85 157.63 NT
08/01/2003 Upland Sheep (Inside Feeding) Silage Feed Inside 191720 193.036 193.04 35.69 Upland Sheep Silage 4.5 0 NT
08/01/2003 Upland Sheep (Inside Feeding) Silage Feed Inside 191720 193.036 193.04 35.69 Full Time Stockman 4.5 35.69 NT
08/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191721 284.004 284 307.79 Sucker Cattle Silage 19.87 0 NT
08/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191721 284.004 284 307.79 Loader (Attachment) 19.87 0 NT
08/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191721 284.004 284 307.79 75hp Tractor 19.87 150.22 NT
08/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191721 284.004 284 307.79 Full Time 19.87 157.57 NT
08/01/2003 Upland Sheep (General) Scanning 191722 193.036 193.04 47.1 Full Time Shepherd 5.94 47.1 NT
08/01/2003 Upland Sheep (General) Scanning 191722 193.036 193.04 47.1 Scanning Equipment 5.94 0 NT
15/01/2003 Upland Sheep (Inside Feeding) Silage Feed Inside 191723 193.036 193.04 35.69 Full Time Stockman 4.5 35.69 NT
15/01/2003 Upland Sheep (Inside Feeding) Silage Feed Inside 191723 193.036 193.04 35.69 Upland Sheep Silage 4.5 0 NT
15/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191724 284.004 284 307.79 75hp Tractor 19.87 150.22 NT
15/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191724 284.004 284 307.79 Full Time 19.87 157.57 NT
15/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191724 284.004 284 307.79 Loader (Attachment) 19.87 0 NT
15/01/2003 Suckler Cattle (Spring Calving) Silage Feeding 191724 284.004 284 307.79 Sucker Cattle Silage 19.87 0 NT
15/01/2003 Upland Sheep (General) Trimming 191725 193.036 193.04 51.07 Upland Sheep Foot 6.44 0 NT
15/01/2003 Upland Sheep (General) Trimming 191725 193.036 193.04 51.07 Full Time Shepherd 6.44 51.07 NT
RST ApplicationHartwood Farm – research station – N. Lanarkshire, Scotland.350 cattle, 1200 sheep, 15 ha arable, 23 ha broadleaves
RST Results
Dominant demand by labour intensive cattle operations
Front loading of schedule and conflict between cattle and sheep enterprises
Low overall utilisation (60%) – but peaking
Woodlands possibly significant
Alternative cattle regimens
Difference from Current Allocation
-80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
(E1-2)
(E2)
(G1-1)
(AG1)
(AG2)
(SA2)
(G2)
(BA1)
(C2)
(G1-2)
(F2)
(E1-1)
(B1)
NPV
Capital Costs
OperationalCosts
LabourRequired
Diversity
Resource trade-offs – E1-2 – Estate Owner
Difference from Current Allocation
-80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
(E1-2)
(E2)
(G1-1)
(AG1)
(AG2)
(SA2)
(G2)
(BA1)
(C2)
(G1-2)
(F2)
(E1-1)
(B1)
NPV
Capital Costs
OperationalCosts
LabourRequired
Diversity
Resource trade-offs – BA1 – Bank Advisor
Difference from Current Allocation
-80% -70% -60% -50% -40% -30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
(E1-2)
(E2)
(G1-1)
(AG1)
(AG2)
(SA2)
(G2)
(BA1)
(C2)
(G1-2)
(F2)
(E1-1)
(B1)
NPV
Capital Costs
OperationalCosts
LabourRequired
Diversity
Resource trade-offs – G1-2 - Extensification
RST Conclusions
Significant potential for RST especially when linked to multi-objective land use planning tools
Roles in counter-factual analysis, social learning or conflictresolution
Land use planning is highly multi-objective and any system should be able to evaluate the trade-off between objectivesand present a range of alternatives
Assessing the significant metrics can be difficult