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EV charging

Juha VesaSESKODevelopment Manager

How EVs are charged? What are the most important international charging standards?

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– Short survey on standardization• What is a standard?• How they are prepared?

– Standards and legislation– How EVs are charged? – What are the most important international charging standards?

Content

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What is a standard?Formal definition of a standard in SFS-EN 45020: Document, established by consensus and

approved by a recognized body, that provides, for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for activities or their results, aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context.

Standards are developed and defined through a process of sharing knowledge and building consensus among technical experts nominated by interested parties and other stakeholders -including businesses, consumers and environmental groups, among others.

There are several different types of standards. Basically, standards include requirements and/or recommendations in relation to products, systems, processes or services. Standards can also be a way to describe a measurement or test method or to establish a common terminology within a specific sector.

On the fast developing areas certain pre-standards are prepared quickly (IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, IEC/TR). These will be implemented as a standards after couple of years (E.g. Led technology.

Standards– set out requirements for a specific item, material, component, system or service – describe in detail a particular method or procedure– facilitate international trade by ensuring compatibility and interoperability of

components, products and services– bring benefits to businesses and consumers in terms of reducing costs, enhancing

performance and improving safety.

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Standardization organization

Global

Europe

Finland

General Electrotechnology Communication

IEC = International Electrotechnical CommissionCENELEC = European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization

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ISO

CEN

ITU

ETSI

TC 22/SC 21 SC 23H, TC 64, 69, 121B

TC 23H, 64, 69X

SK 23, SK 64, SK 69

TC 301

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Different electrotechnical standardsIEC-standards (Global)

– IEC, IEC/PAS, IEC/TS, CISPR, ISO/IEC Total 6200 pcs– European (and national) standards are based on these.

EN-standards (European)– Identical in all CENELEC members countries (SFS-EN, BSI-EN, SS-

EN jne.)– Conflicting national standars are not allowed– Can be harmonized with regard to directives– 85 % of ENs are based on IEC-standards (EN 6xxxx) ja (EN 550xx),

rest are home-grown European standards (EN 50xxx) ja (EN 13xxxx) (applications for railways, alarm systems, HBES)

HD-harmonization document (European)– Can be adopted as national standards, conflicting national standards are

not allowed – Energy cables, low-voltage installation

SFS-standards (Finnish)– 95 % identical with EN-standards (SFS-EN xxxxx)– Less than 10 % are in Finnish, rest are in English– Homegrown standards: Revision of old national standards e.g. for

accessories of overhead lines, terminology or standards on areas where no EN-standards exist (low-voltage installation, household plugs and socket-outlet)

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Preparation of IEC-, EN- and SFS-standards (parallel procedure)

WG/MT members

IEC CENELEC SESKOProposal stage (NP)

Maintenance

Committee stage (CD)

Enquiry stage (CDV)

IEC Publication

Parallel FDIS-vote

EN Publication

Proposal or vote on NP-draft

National enquiry

Vote (IEC & CENELEC)

Comments on EN-draft

Vote (IEC & CENELEC)

National enquiry

SFS-EN-standard

Preparatory stage

MAINTENANCECYCLE

Approval stage (FDIS)

BT:n ratification SESKOs Managing director

Parallel CDV-vote

Comments from expert groups

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UAP

UAP

Technical content is fixed !!!

SFS-standard is prepared in IEC !!!

Last stage to give comments !!!

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EU/national legislation and standards 1. ProductsEU New Legislative Framework -directives (e.g. LVD 2014/35/EU, EMC 2014/30/EU, ATEX 2014/34/EU) have to be implemented by all countries.Give only essential requirements on safety, health, environment and consumer protection.Refer to harmonized standards (EN) with regard to detailed requirements.Product complying with the EN-standard listed under the directive, fulfills also requirements of directive and of national legislation. Harmonized standard gives the presumption of conformity. The free movement of products is ensured.It is still on the voluntary basis to use EN-standards and essential requirements of the directive can be fulfilled also by some other way.

2. InstallationsNo EU-directives for electrical installations and equipment.National legislation is needed for electrical installations in Finland.These decrees (KTMp 1193/1999 ja 1194/1999) are ”like directives” and they give a special status for national standards concerning electrical installations (new regulation 2016)Finnish Safety Authority lists applicable standards (Guide S-10)– E.g. SFS 6000, SFS 6001, SFS-EN

50341, SFS-EN 60079-14

Standard is a voluntary document but the easiest way to declare compliance with requirements of

1. directives and national legislation (products) and 2. national legislation (installations).

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Intended charging modes for EVs – SFS-EN 61851-1

Mode 3 charging (Basic charging)– AC supply from a dedicated EV socket-outlet or

connetor – 1-, 2- or 3-phase charging with AC up to 3x63 A or

1x70 A– Extended safety functionalities

• Continuous protective earth conductor continuity checking

• No proper connection, no voltage– Extended control possibilities (e.g. controlling the

charging current)– Feeding back electricity from V2G

Mode 4 charging (Power charging)– DC charging from an external charger– Fixed charging cable in a charging station– Enables flexible and controllable charging with a

theoratically max. power 120-170 kW

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Occasional charging and LEV charging

Mode 2 charging (slow charging) SFS-EN 61851-1– 1-, 2 or 3-phase charging with AC up to 32 A– Charging cable is equipped with an in-cable control box

(IC-CPD) which includes control and safety related functionalities such as restriction of the charging current

– IC-CPD provides extended safety functionalities as mode 3

Mode 1 charging (LEV charging, class II or III) IEC 61851-3

– An AC charging method from household socket-outlets

– Supplying circuit shall be provided with an RCD– Class II equipment– Normally used for LEVs

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Wireless charging, battery swapping

Wireless charging

IEC 61980-1:2015 Electric vehicle wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements

Draft IEC/TS 61980-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2 Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to wireless power transfer (WPT) systems, will be published 2017

Draft IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 Part 3 Specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems, will be published 2017

Battery swapping

Draft IEC/TS 62840-1 Ed. 1.0 Electric vehicle battery swap system. Part 1: System description and general requirements, will be published 2016

Draft IEC 62840-2 Ed. 1.0 Part 2: Safety requirements, will be published 2016

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Safety standards for conductive chargingFrom charging point to EVSFS-EN 61851-1 Safety requirementsSFS-EN 61851-21 On- and off-board charger EMCSFS-EN 61851-23 DC-charging stationSFS-EN 61851-24 Comm. between DC-charging station and EVSFS-EN 62196-1 & -2 AC plug, socket-outlet, connector, inletSFS-EN 62196-1 & -3 DC and AC/DC connector, inletprEN 50620 Charging cable

From grid to charging pointSFS 6000-7-722 Supply of charging station (fixed installation)SFS 6000-8-813 Selection of socket-outlets etc.IEC/TS 61439-7 Charging post (enclosures etc.)SFS-EN 61000-6-2 & -3 EMC, immunity and emissionSFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shockSFS-EN 61508 Functional safety

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Standards concerning EV, communication and security

Communication & SecurityISO/IEC 15118 -sarja V2G CommunicationSFS-EN 61850-7-420 DER logical nodesISO/IEC 15408 –series Security technicsISO/IEC 27001-1 Security technics

Safety of EVISO 6469, ISO 17409

Battery cells and packsSFS-EN 62660-1, -2ISO 12405-1, -2, -3

EMC of EV (general)ISO 7637, 11451, 11452

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Requirements of charging system (SFS-EN 61851-1)– Scope – Normative references – Terms and definitions– General requirements – Classification– Charging modes and functions– Communications– Protection against electric shock– Conductive electrical interface

requirements– Requirements for adaptors– Cable assembly requirements– EV supply equipment constructional

requirements and tests– Overload and short-circuit protection– Automatic reclosing of protective devices – Emergency switching or disconnect

(optional)– Marking and instructions– Annexes (e.g. control pilot function, current

coding, charging circuit diagrams)

Degrees of protection against access to hazardous live partsStored energy Disconnection of plug connected EVSELoss of supply voltage to permanently connected EVSE Fault protectionProtective conductorResidual current protective devicesSafety requirements for signalling circuits between the EVSE and the EV Isolating transformers

Mechanical switching devices (Switch, Contactor, CB, Relay, etc.)Clearances and creepage distances & IP classes Touch current Dielectric withstand voltage & Insulation resistance Temperature rise Damp heat functional testMinimum temperature functional test Mechanical Strength

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– Scope– Normative references– Terms and definitions– Conductor arrangement and system earthing– Division of installation (a dedicated circuit for electric vehicles)– Protection for safety (protection against electric shock)– Measures against electromagnetic influences– Requirements for wireless charging– Selection and erection of electrical equipment– Operational conditions and external influences (water, foreign objects, impacts)– Isolation, switching and control– Devices for protection against indirect contact by automatic disconnection of supply (RCD)– Devices for protection against overcurrent– Co-ordination of various protective devices– Protective conductors– Socket-outlets and vehicle connectors– Low voltage generating sets (charging EV from battery banks, feeding back electricity from

electric vehicles into installation)

Modified or new requirements in italics when compared to SFS 6000-7-722:2012

Requirements of supplies for electric vehicles (SFS 6000-7-722:201x)

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Accessories for EV charging

Type 1 Type 2max. 3 x 63 A, 480 V AC

European solution in public charging points according to AFI-directive (2014/94/EU)

Mode 3 charging (basic sharging) – SFS-EN 62196-2

CHAdeMO

CCS 2 (Combo 2)200 A, 1000 V DC

Mode 4 charging (power charging) – SFS-EN 62196-3

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AFID (2014/94/EU) On the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure

Up to 22 kW

Above 22 kW

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Multi-standard charger solution CHAdeMO

CCS

AC

Source: ABB

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Requested work programme related to AFID (M/533)

European standards (ENs) on electricity supply Publication to be availlable

Technical specifications with a single solution for wireless recharging for passenger cars and light duty vehicles interoperable with the specification contained in IEC/TS 61980-3 Ed. 1.0 or its later edition

31.12.2019

Technical specifications with a single solution for batteryswapping for electric vehicles

31.12.2022

Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus supply connectors and socket outlet. If feasible, this technical interoperable solution should be based on the standard developed for electric passenger cars and light duty vehicles

31.12.2019

Technical specifications with a single solution for electric bus wireless recharging

31.12.2018

Specifications as a recommended interoperable solution for AC normal recharging points for L-category motor vehicles

31.12.2016

Type 1

Type 2

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New applications challenge old solutions and standards

SFS 5610 ”Household plugs and socket-outlets”

– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1h – Max. mass 0,5 kg

Socket-outlet in EV charging– 10 – 16 A , 8 - 10 h – Mass > 0,5 kg

SFS-EN 62196-2 ”EV plugs and socket-outlets”

– Max. 63 A– Durable construction

Socket-outlet should not be loaded with the rated current more than 2 hours and therefore charging current shall be limited to a lower level.

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High load profile (HLP) plug and socket-outlet (Draft)IEC 60884-1 ”Normal profile” plug

– Temperature rise test 22 A, 1 h– ∆T = 45 K– Mass 0,5 kg

IEC 60884-1 ”High load profile plugs”– Under preparation– Crimp connections– Solid pins– 16 A/2,5 mm2– Temperature rise test 26 A, 5 h +1 h, min.

125 cycles– ∆T = 35 K

0,5 million socket-outlets for car heaters...

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Installation (SK 64), control and switchgear box (SK 121B ) ja connectors (SK 23)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (1)

Number TitleSFS 6000-7-722 Low-voltage electrical installations. Part 7-722: Requirements for special installations

or locations. Supply of Electric vehicle (will be revised 2017)

SFS 6000-8-813 Part 8-813: Supplementary requirements. Selection and erection of plugs and socket outlets

IEC 61439-7 Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies - Part 7: Assemblies for specific installations at public sites such as marinas, camping sites, market squares and similar applications and for charging stations for Electrical Vehicles, will be published 2017

SFS-EN 62196-1 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets - Conductive charging of electric vehicles - Part 1: General requirements

SFS-EN 62196-2 Part 2: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c. pin and contact-tube accessories

SFS-EN 62196-3 Part 3: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for dedicated d.c.and combined a.c./d.c. pin and contact-tube vehicle couplers

IEC/TS 62196-4 Part 4: Dimensional compatibility and interchangeability requirements for a.c., d.c. and a.c./ d.c. vehicle couplers for Class II or Class III light electric vehicles (LEV)

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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Charging systems (SK 69)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (2)

Number TitleSFS-EN 61851-1 Electric vehicle conductive charging system - Part 1: General requirements

(3rd Ed. will be published 2016)

IEC 61851-21-1 Part 21-1: Electric vehicle onboard charger EMC requirements for conductive connection to a.c./d.c. supply, will be published 2016

IEC 61851-21-2 Part 21-2: EMC requirements for OFF board charging systems, will be published 2017

SFS-EN 61851-23 Part 23: D.C electric vehicle charging station

Draft 61851-23-1 Part 23-1: DC Charging with an automatic connection system (Finland active!!!)

SFS-EN 61851-24 Part 24: Control communication protocol between off-board d.c. charger and EV

SFS-EN 61980-1 EV wireless power transfer systems (WPT) - Part 1: General requirements

IEC/TS 61980-2 Part 2: Communication between EV and infrastructure with respect to (WPT) systems

IEC/TS 61980-3 Part 3 specific requirements for the magnetic field power transfer systems.

IEC/TS 62840-1 Electric vehicle battery exchange infrastructure safety requirements

IEC 62840-2 Part 2: Safety requirements

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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Charging systems – Light electric vehicles (Class II and class III) (SK 69)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (3)

Number TitleIEC/TS 61851-3-1 Electric Vehicles conductive power supply system - Part 3-1: General Requirements

for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) AC and DC conductive power supply systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-2 Part 3-2: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) DC off-board conductive power supply systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-3 Part 3-3: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) battery swap systems

IEC/TS 61851-3-4 Part 3-4: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles (LEV) communication

IEC/TS 61851-3-5 Part 3-5: Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Pre-defined communication parameters

IEC/TS 61851-3-6 Part 3-6, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Voltage converter unit

IEC/TS 61851-3-7 Part 3-7, Requirements for Light Electric Vehicles communication - Battery system

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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Communication V2G

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (4)

Number TitleISO 15118-1 Road vehicles - Vehicle to grid communication interface - Part 1: General information

and use-case definition

ISO 15118-2 Part 2: Technical protocol description and Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) layer requirements

ISO 15118-3 Part 3: Physical and data link layer requirements

ISO 15118-4 Part 4: Network and application protocol conformance test

ISO 15118-5 Part 5: Physical and data link layer conformance tests

ISO 15118-6 Part 6: General information and use-case definition for wireless communication

ISO 15118-7 Part 7: Network and application protocol requirements for wireless communication

ISO 15118-8 Part 8: Physical layer and data link layer requirements for wireless communication

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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Data model, security

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (5)

Number TitleSFS-EN 61850-7-420 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 7-420:

Basic communication structure - Distributed energy resources logical nodes

IEC/TR 61850-90-8 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation - Part 90-8: IEC 61850 object models for electric mobility

ISO/IEC 15408-1 Information technology -- Security techniques -- Evaluation criteria for IT security --Part 1: Introduction and general model

ISO/IEC 15408-2 Part 2: Security functional components

ISO/IEC 15408-3 Part 3: Security assurance components

ISO/IEC 27001-1 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems – Requirements

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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Charging cable (SK 20) and mode 2 control box (IEC SC 23E)

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (6)

Number TitleprEN 50620 Cables for electric vehicles

SFS-EN 62752 In-Cable Control and Protective Device for mode 2 charging of electric road vehicles (IC-CPD)

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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Horizontal standards

IEC-, ISO-, EN-, SFS-standards (7)

Number TitleSFS-EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity for

industrial environments

SFS-EN 61000-6-3 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-3: Generic standards - Emission standard for residential, commercial and light-industrial environments

SFS-EN 61140 Protection against electric shock - Common aspects for installation and equipment

SFS-EN 61508 Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems

Preparation stage (DC, CD) Voting stage (CDV, FDIS) Published

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World is changing – Future trends concerning EVs– Safety is still a key issue

• Car (dangerous voltages < 400 V vs. 12 V/24 V during normal use, maintenance, accidents)

• Charging system (dangerous voltages and currents < 1000 V/200 A (or even 350 A))

– Electronics is increasing, emissions are increasing (2-150 kHz)

– Smart charging is needed– The importance of renewable energy source is

increasing (solar, water, wind, marine energy)

– Electric vehicle will be an energy storage– Data security and privacy (Cyber security) will be more important– In addition to product standards, system standardization is increasing (IoT,

digitalization, Smart Grid). Interoperability is a challenge.– Nordic climate will be a challenge in future, too– Electric vehicle will be a part of a network

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Charging of EVs - Aspects to be taken into consideration– http://www.sesko.fi/standardit/standardoinnin_aihealueita/sahkoautot_ja_latausjarjestelmat/lataussuositus_2014

National recommendation 2014 (2nd Ed.) (SK 69)

Content- Charging modes and their characteristics- Designing of a charging network- Requirements of charging circuits- Maintenance and surveillance of charging

circuits and charging points- Characteristics of charging cables- Consumer information

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Buy standards– Sales(at)sfs.fi

Further information concerning electrotechnical standardization Websites

– www.sesko.fi– www.iec.ch– www.cenelec.eu– www.sfs.fi– www.sfsedu.fi

Participation to standardization– SESKO’s IEC/CLC mirror committees (SK)– SESKO’s IEC/CLC follow-up groups (SR)

More information– juha.vesa(at)sesko.fi

Standards related enquiries– SESKO office– Tel: (09) 696 3970, – Email: asiakaspalvelu(at)sesko.fi