Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia
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Transcript of Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia
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Europeans Build Empires in South & Southeast Asia
Portugal, Netherlands & Spain
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Portugal
• First European power to gain a foothold in Asia• Do you remember who was there 1st?
• Ships were small & fast
• Superior firepower helped to win control of the Indian Ocean spice trade
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Building an Empire in the East
• Afonso de Albuquerque – Portuguese commander in India
• Mughal Empire controlled most of India• Local princes in southern regions
• The Plan• Manipulate the princes• Remove the Mughal• Make Indian Ocean a “Portuguese Lake”
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Portuguese Trading Outposts• 1510 – seized island of Goa• Military & trading base
• Burned coastal towns & crushed Arab fleets
• 1511 – seized port of Malacca• Massacred Muslims
• Portugal had built a trade empire in less than 50 years• Used these cities as outposts to resupply & repair ships• Controlled spice trade between Europe & Asia
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Not So Fast!!• A lack of resources and a great
deal of resistance prevented Portugal from completely controlling the area
• Attacked Muslims & Hindus in an attempt to convert them to Christianity
• The Dutch would then compete for Asian trade
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Here come the Dutch!
• 1599 – ships returns from Asia• Pepper, cloves, spices
• Netherlands soon became a leader in European trade
• Settlement in Cape Town (South Africa) led the way to the east
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Dutch East India Company• Formed in 1602 by wealthy Dutch merchants
• No government control – DEIC dominates the region• Builds armies wages war on natives• Negotiates treaties• Governs territories
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Why was the VOC this powerful?
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Dutch Dominance• 1641 – Captured
Malacca from Portugal• Monopolized the
Spice Islands• Used military force
but kept close ties with local rulers
• 1700s – Dutch trade empire on the decline• Maintained empire
until 1948
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Spain gets in the mix
• Magellan had claimed Philippines for Spain in 1521• Would conquer and colonize • Named after King Philip II
• Tried to convert Filipinos to Christianity• Shipped silver from Americas to
Philippines to trade with China
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An end to the Mughal• Began in 1520s
• Europeans amazed by the luxury items• Spices, textiles, silk and cotton
• Granted trading rights to Europeans
• Empire weakened over time (civil war, corruption, death of powerful rulers)
• England and France built competing companies & fought for power
• Mid 1700s – British East India Company forces out the French• England soon rules India directly
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Answer these… Welcome!! ;-)• How did European nations build empires in South and
Southeast Asia? (process)
• Why would the Portuguese not attempt to conquer inland territory?
• What about the location of the Philippines made them valuable to the Spanish?
• Mughal Empire would grant trade rights to several European countries. What does that say about the power of those countries?