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CSRKVCIE@TI\@KE IEL RCN@KEIJ@TI\@KE?

LKHCT\@D DMIENC-T) IEL T\RSD\SRIJ EC\^KRAT @E TJKWCE@I

Vivcr vrcvircl gkr CDVR 266< Ok`e| Tctt`ket kg ^kratmkvt

Svvtiji* 9

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@e|rklsd|`ke

\m`t vivcr gkdstct ke |mc Csrkvcie`ti|`ke kg Tjkwce`it rcn`keij vkj`dp iel vkj`|`dt* iel

tccat |k c}ih`ec ~mc|mcr |mc Csrkvcie Se`ke -mcrc`eig|cr? |mc CS) rcn`keij

lcwcjkvhce| `e`|`i|`wct -hkrc vrcd`tcjp* |mc CSt vrc(iddctt`ke itt`t|iedc vrknrihhct)miwc chvk~crcl tsbei|`keij id|krt `e Tjkwce`i it ie CS iddctt`ke(t|i|c% \mc vivcrt

t|ir|`en vk`e| `t |mi| Csrkvcie`ti|`ke vrkdcttct lk ek| ost| iggcd| CS hchbcr(t|i|ct

ijkec bs| ijtk |mc ~`lcr ~krjl* ctvcd`ijjp |mc dkse|r`ct ivvjp`en gkr CS hchbcrtm`v

-Kjtce 2664)% Kec itvcd| kg |m`t a`el kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke ijtk chbridct |mc rcys`rchce|

|mi| |mc CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct hiac ilost|hce|t `e |mc g`cjl kg rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce|% I|

|m`t vk`e|* |mc vivcr ilwkdi|ct |mc `hvkr|iedc kg? i) |mc `et|`|s|`keij dmijjcenc kg

ct|ibj`tm`en i dkhvc|ce| is|mkr`|p i| |mc ei|`keij jcwcj ~`|m rctvket`b`j`|p gkr dk(

krl`ei|`en iel hiein`en rcn`keij `ttsct1 iel b) ct|ibj`tm`en i rcn`keij t|rsd|src |mi| `tdkhvi|`bjc ~`|m |mc ES\T djitt`g`di|`ke% Mk~cwcr* |mc vivcr irnsct |mi| Csrkvcie`ti|`ke

`t ek| |mc kejp vszzjc |mi| mit ie `hvid| ke lkhct|`d dmienc-t)% Eihcjp* iddctt`ke(

t|i|ct irc ijtk stsijjp selcr rcji|`wcjp nrci| vrcttsrc grkh |mc Dkhh`tt`ke |k `e|rklsdc

i vir|`dsjir hklcj kg vkj`|`dijjp lcdce|rij`tcl rcn`keij`ti|`ke* chbridcl ~`|m`e |mc jcnij

bit`t gkr i t|ielirl`tcl ES\T(djitt`g`di|`ke tdmchc -Msnmct c| ij% 2664* >4)% N`wce |mi|

tsbei|`keij id|krt gkrh i dket|`|sce| vir| kg vir|ecrtm`v irrienchce|t iel vjip ie

`hvkr|ie| rkjc `e `hvjchce|`en |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp* @ bcj`cwc rcn`keij`ti|`ke -it ie

`e|crwce`en wir`ibjc) `t `hvkr|ie| v`cdc `e |mc kwcrijj v`d|src kg selcrt|iel`en |mclkhct|`d rctvketct tcce `e CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct% \m`t `t vir|`dsjirjp |rsc `e |mc ditc kg

Tjkwce`i* ~mcrc rcn`ket it ilh`e`t|ri|`wc(vkj`|`dij ce|`|`ct t|`jj miwc ek| bcce

ct|ibj`tmcl% Eihcjp* |mc 9009 Dket|`|s|`ke ilkv|cl i dce|rij`t|`d hklcj kg t|i|c

ilh`e`t|ri|`ke t`edc `| l`l ek| cew`tinc i hieli|krp bklp gkr rcij`t`en rcn`keij

`e|crct|t% Gkjjk~`en |mctc dket`lcri|`ket* @ |rci| bk|m Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel

rcn`keij`ti|`ke it c}vjiei|krp wir`ibjct kg lkhct|`d `et|`|s|`keij iel vkj`dp dmienct

dkedcre`en |mc hieinchce| iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg T|rsd|srij Gselt `e CS iddctt`ke(

t|i|ct%

\mc vivcr mit |~k dce|rij nkijt% G`rt|* |k `e|rklsdc ie ieijp|`dij grihc~kra gkr

selcrt|iel`en |mc ks|dkhct kg lkhct|`d dmienct `e rctvketc |k |mc vrkdcttct kg

Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke% Tcdkel* |k ct|ibj`tm `g |mc Dkhh`tt`ket hi`e `lci

|k cedksrinc |mc lcwcjkvhce| kg l`tdrc|`keirp is|mkr`|p c}crd`tcl bp tsbei|`keij id|krt

`e CS hchbcr(t|i|ct mit ijtk mil iep tvcd`g`d `hvid| ke tsbei|`keij(jcwcj id|krt `e

Tjkwce`i% It tsdm* |mc vivcr lkct ek| illrctt |mc ysct|`ke kg ~mc|mcr |mc CS distct

lkhct|`d dmienct* bs| ri|mcr |mc`r ks|dkhc% Mcrc* |mc irnshce| `t |mi| `e Tjkwce`i* |mc

vrkdcttct kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke miwc ncecri|cl l`ggcrce| |pvct kg

2

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`et|iedct |mc ei|`keij(jcwcj(bitcl gkrdct kg hinec|`th accv vkj`dp(hia`en jkdi|cl i| |mc

ei|`keij(jcwcj* ~mcrcit i| k|mcr |`hct ek hinec|`d g`cjl `t t|rken ceksnm |k vrkw`lc i

lcg`e`|c rct|`en vk`e| gkr vkj`dp(hia`en iel |mc vcelsjsh |mce t~ipt sedcr|i`ejp -`b`l*

1 Brzcj 900>1 G`ea(Migecr 900=i1

Vc|crtke iel Bkhbcrn 90001 Iltmcil 26621 Akmjcr(Akdm 2662)* i dce|rij rkjc `e |mc

lcwcjkvhce| iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg CS vsbj`d vkj`d`ct iel vrknrihhct `t vjipcl bpvkj`dp ec|~krat% \m`t vivcr `t tphvi|mc|`d |k tsdm a`el kg idilch`d dji`ht% Eihcjp*

vkj`dp ec|~krat miwc ie `hvkr|ie| gsed|`keij rkjc `e CS nkwcreiedc? |mcp br`en |knc|mcr

|mc `e|crct|t kg i wir`c|p kg l`ggcrce| id|krt `e i m`nmjp l`ggcrce|`i|cl vkj`|p hiracl bp |mc

grinhce|i|`ke kg vkj`d`ct iel vkj`|`dt -Rmklct 2664* >)% Ec|~krat chcrnc ~mce tvcd`g`d

vkj`dp |itat die kejp bc idm`cwcl |mrksnm |mc c}dmienc kg `egkrhi|`ke iel rctksrdct

vkttcttcl bp i rienc kg id|krt -Vc|crtke 9003* >7)% @e |m`t dke|c}|* vkj`dp(hia`en `t i

dkjjcd|`wc c}crd`tc% \mc j`eat bc|~cce |mc wir`kst id|krt `t i nihc `e ~m`dm ijj

vir|`d`vie|t tcca ie ilwie|inc% Cidm stct `|t rctksrdct jcnij* krnie`ti|`keij* g`eied`ij*vkj`|`dij* kr `egkrhi|`keij |k hi}`h`tc ie `egjscedc kwcr ks|dkhct ~m`jc |rp`en |k iwk`l

bcdkh`en lcvcelce| ke k|mcr id|krt -Rmklct c| ij% 9007* 47=)% Mk~cwcr* |mc CS `t hkrc

gsed|`keijjp lcvcelce| |mie iep k|mcr vkj`|`dij tpt|ch ke i ~cjj(lcwcjkvcl tpt|ch kg

dkhhse`di|`ke it bk|m ie `et|rshce| gkr ni|mcr`en iel vrkdctt`en `egkrhi|`ke iel it i

|kkj gkr gkrh`en i dketcetst iel tvrcil`en dkhhke w`c~t -Akmjcr(Akdm 2662)% @e krlcr

|k gkrhsji|c iel `hvjchce| vkj`dp cggcd|`wcjp* |mc Dkhh`tt`ke |mst hst| stsijjp dketsj|

i h`tdcjjieckst rienc kg id|krt |k nc| |mc `egkrhi|`ke iel c}vcr|`tc ecclcl* ctvcd`ijjp

~mcrc |mc vkj`dp tcd|kr `t dkhvjc} iel dmirid|cr`tcl bp |mc `et|`|s|`keij grinhce|i|`ke kg

hsj|`(jcwcj nkwcreiedc%

T`edc vi||cret iel vrkdcttct kg vkj`dp(hia`en wirp t`ne`g`die|jp grkh tcd|kr |k tcd|kr*

|mc hiep j`eat bc|~cce jkdij* rcn`keij* ei|`keij iel tsvriei|`keij vsbj`d iel vr`wi|c

id|krt vk`e| |k |mc chcrncedc kg vkj`dp ec|~krat `e tkhc vkj`dp lkhi`et bs| ek| `e

k|mcrt% @e |m`t vivcr @ gkdst ke |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke vmitc kg CS t|rsd|srij vkj`dp* ~m`dm

kggcrt i dsj|src gkr nrk~`en vkj`dp ec|~krat -Rmklct c| ij% 9007* 4=3)% Eihcjp* `e

iddkrliedc ~`|m |mc vir|ecrtm`v vr`ed`vjc kgg`d`ijjp `e|rklsdcl ~`|m |mc 90== rcgkrh kg |mc

T|rsd|srij Gselt* li`jp `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `e`|`i|`wct `t ittshcl

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|k |iac vjidc ~`|m`e hsj|`(jcwcj vkj`dp ec|~krat |mi| `ewkjwc i wir`c|p kg CS* ei|`keij iel

tsbei|`keij is|mkr`|`ct it ~cjj it tkd`c|ij id|krt tsdm it `e|crct| nrksvt* tkd`ij iel

cdkekh`d vir|ecrt* iel ENKt ~mk dkjjibkri|c it vir|ecrt |k idm`cwc dkhhke nkijt% \m`t

dk(kvcri|`ke `ewkjwct hsj|`vjc mkr`zke|ij iel wcr|`dij `e|crid|`ket bc|~cce id|krt idrktt

l`ggcrce| jipcrt kg lcd`t`ke(hia`en% Ij|mksnm `| tccht kbw`kst |mi| bcpkel |mc CSt`et|`|s|`ket -ctvcd`ijjp |mc Dkhh`tt`ke) iel CS hchbcr(t|i|c vkj`|`dij `et|`|s|`ket* |mc

k|mcr id|krt `edjslcl `e |mc vir|ecrtm`v irc lct`nei|cl bp |mc hchbcr(t|i|ct* |m`t lkct

ek| ecdcttir`jp hcie |mi| |mc mielt kg CS hchbcr(t|i|ct irc ce|`rcjp grcc% \mcrc `t i|

|mc wcrp jcit| i jcnij ls|p ke |mc hchbcr(t|i|ct |k kbtcrwc |mc jc||cr kg |mc Rcnsji|`ket

-Bcreirl 2662* 967)% Eihcjp* Dksed`j Rcnsji|`ke 9276+9000 rcys`rct |mc drci|`ke kg i

~`lc iel cggcd|`wc ittkd`i|`ke kg ijj rcjcwie| bkl`ct `e hchbcr(t|i|ct* c}vj`d`|jp t|i|`en

|mc eccl gkr |mc vir|`d`vi|`ke kg rcn`keij iel jkdij is|mkr`|`ct iel k|mcr dkhvkece|

vsbj`d is|mkr`|`ct ke kec miel* iel cdkekh`d iel tkd`ij vir|ecrt ke |mc k|mcr% Mcedc*|mcrc `t i djcir jcnij vrkw`t`ke cetsr`en |mc tsgg`d`ce| rcvrctce|i|`wcectt kg rcjcwie|

`e|crct|t `e drci|`en iel `hvjchce|`en |mc t|rsd|srij vkj`dp%

Pc|* wir`i|`ke `e |mc vi||cret iel vrkdcttct kg vkj`dp(hia`en `t ek| kejp vcrdc`wcl drktt(

tcd|krijjp% Idrktt |mc CS it i ~mkjc ~c ijtk g`el vkj`|`dij irrienchce|t `e CS hchbcr(

t|i|ct |mi| l`ggcr dket`lcribjp% \m`t `t ctvcd`ijjp cw`lce| ~`|m |mc vkj`d`ct* vrid|`dct iel

`et|`|s|`ket kg CS rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| -tcc Mkknmc 9007i)% \mc CSt vkj`dp hklcj kg

|mc t|rsd|srij gselt `t hkrc cjibkri|c iel lchiel`en |mie |mktc kg hkt| lkhct|`drcn`keij vkj`d`ct* iel rcys`rct |mc dk(kvcri|`ke kg tcwcrij id|krt iel lchielt hkrc

cggkr|t |mie lkhct|`d rcn`keij vkj`d`ct `e |crht kg |mc |`hc iel rctksrdct kg |mc

vir|`d`vie|t `ewkjwcl `e `hvjchce|i|`ke -Jien 2664* 933)% ^m`jc rcn`keij vkj`dp `e i

ei|`keij t|i|c `t stsijjp `hvjchce|cl ~`|m`e i se`gkrh grihc~kra kg ei|`keij(tsbei|`keij

rcji|`ket* |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp mit |k iddkhhkli|c m`nmjp l`wcrnce| |crr`|kr`ij

vk~cr rcji|`ket idrktt |mc CS hchbcr(t|i|ct t`edc |mc tdkvc iel tdijc kg |mc`r

lcdce|rij`ti|`ke wir`ct nrci|jp% Mcedc* |mc tihc tsbei|`keij(ei|`keij(CS vir|ecrtm`v

irrienchce|t irc dkegrke|cl ~`|m m`nmjp l`ggcrce| |crr`|kr`ij rcji|`ket -Mkknmc 9007b* =(

0)% T|`jj* |mc dkedrc|c `hvid| kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke ke |mc |crr`|kr`ij t|rsd|srct kg CS

hchbcr(t|i|ct `t rcji|`wcjp dke|rkwcrt`ij -Brzcj 2669* 94>)% I| |m`t vk`e|* Thprj -900>*

2==) ct|ibj`tmcl |mi| ieijpt|t kg |mctc vrkdcttct l`ggcr tmirvjp `e |mc`r |mckrc|`dij

c}vcd|i|`ket dkedcre`en |mc`r ks|dkhct? tkhc tcc |mch it vir| kg |mc crkt`ke kg

ei|`keij is|mkr`|p iel i t|cv gkr~irl ijken |mc vi|m |k |mc Csrkvc kg rcn`ket1 tkhc

t|rctt |mi| |mc |rietgcr kg rctksrdct iel rctvket`b`j`|`ct |k |mc tsbei|`keij jcwcj mit jcg|

rcn`ket hkrc lcvcelce| ke |mc ei|`keij jcwcj |mie cwcr1 ~mcrcit t|`jj k|mcrt irnsc |mi|

lsc |k ei|`keij l`ggcrce|`i|`ke rcn`keij hkb`j`ti|`ke iel chvk~crhce| kddsrt `e tkhc

hchbcr(t|i|ct bs| ek| k|mcrt%

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^mce j`eacl ~`|m vir|ecrtm`v irrienchce|t iel |mc `hvid|t kg Csrkvcie `e|cnri|`ke ke

|crr`|kr`ij t|rsd|srct idrktt CS hchbcr(t|i|ct* tsdm rctcirdm ysct|`ket irc vir|`dsjirjp

`e|crct|`en `e |mc ditc kg CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct% ^m`jc |mc kjl-cr) hchbcr(t|i|ct ~crc

id|`wc `e |mc drci|`en iel hklcjj`en kg |mc dkhhke `et|`|s|`ket* vrid|`dct iel vkj`d`ct `e|mc CS* |mc ec~dkhcrt miwc |k `edkrvkri|c ijj |mctc vrid|`dct iel vkj`d`ct iel

`et|`|s|`keijjp iliv| bcgkrc miw`en i tip `e mk~ |mc CSt vkj`|p* vkj`|`dt iel vkj`d`ct irc

gkrhsji|cl -G`ea Migecr iel Jiom 2664* 26(7)% @e |m`t rctvcd|* rcn`keij id|krt `e

vrid|`dijjp ijj CS hchbcr(t|i|ct ni`ecl hkhce|sh `e Csrkvcie vkj`|`dt `e |mc 90=6t

-Brzcj 2669* 94>) iel miwc `edrchce|ijjp -`e j`ec ~`|m ei|`keij l`ggcrce|`i|`ke)

chvjkpcl iel chvk~crcl tsbei|`keij id|krt* ~mcrcit rcn`keij nkwcrehce|t kr rcn`keij

ilh`e`t|ri|`ket `e |mc CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct miwc bcce tsbocd|cl |k cttce|`ij dmienct

~m`jc tcca`en |k ok`e |mc CS -Brst`t 2664* =0)% @e gid|* tkhc t|i|ct* gkr c}ihvjcTjkwce`i* irc cwce tmkr| kg i rcn`keij jcwcj% \mst* |mcp miwc mil i| jcit| |k iliv| `e |mc

l`rcd|`ke kg rct|kr`en |mc vir|ecrtm`v irrienchce|t it i ecdcttirp -vrc)dkel`|`ke gkr

tsddcttgsj `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp%

@hv jchce|`en |mc CSt T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp iel Selcrt|iel `en Lkhct|`d Dmienct

\mc CSt T| r sd|s ri j Vk j `dp iel T| r sd|s ri j Ec|~ kra t

Ij|mksnm `e |mc jit| gc~ lcdilct |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp mit selcrnkec tkhc

tsbt|ie|`ij dmienct* `|t dkrc i`h rchi`et |mc tihc? |mc rclsd|`ke kg rcn`keij l`tvir`|`ct

iel t|rcen|mce`en kg cdkekh`d iel tkd`ij dkmct`ke |mrksnmks| |mc CS% \mc CSt

t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `t |mc kejp rcl`t|r`bs|`wc vkj`dp kg `hvkr|iedc `e |mc ijhkt| c}djst`wcjp

rcnsji|krp vrkocd| kg Csrkvcie `e|cnri|`ke -Mkknmc 9007b* 7)% @| `t ek| ost| kec kg hiep

vkj`d`ct bs| `t i tvi|`ij dkhb`ei|`ke kg i wir`c|p kg tcd|krij vkj`d`ct -`b`l* 96)% Mcedc*

k|mcr CS vkj`d`ct ijtk miwc ie secwce rcn`keij `hvid| -Aci|`en 2669* 7)* cidm kg ~m`dm `t

krnie`tcl `e iddkrliedc ~`|m vir|`dsjir bkselirp iel lcd`t`ke rsjct% @e |m`t ~ip* |mc i`h

kg |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `t |k tcjcd| iel dk(krl`ei|c tcd|krij vkj`dp `e`|`i|`wct |mi| irc

bcecg`d`ij gkr lcwcjkv`en i n`wce |crr`|kr`ij tvidc -Mkknmc 9007b* 96)% @e g`eied`en

|crht* |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `t i tpt|ch kg t`lc(viphce|t grkh |mc nkwcrehce|t kg

r`dmcr CS dkse|r`ct |k |mktc kg jctt(lcwcjkvcl CS dkse|r`ct -Hirat 9007* 409)% Grkh `|t

mshbjc bcn`ee`ent* |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp mit nrk~e |k bcdkhc |mc CSt tcdkel hkt|

`hvkr|ie| tvcel`en vkj`dp -ig|cr |mc Dkhhke Inr`dsj|srij Vkj`dp) iel ek~ ibtkrbt

ivvrk}`hi|cjp kec(|m`rl kg |mc CSt ieesij c}vcel`|src%

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\klipt CS t|rsd|srij vkj`dp g`elt `|t kr`n`et `e 90>3* ~mce |mc Csrkvcie Rcn`keij

Lcwcjkvhce| Gsel -CRLG) ~it ct|ibj`tmcl% Se|`j |mce* |mc dkhhke Csrkvcie

Dkhhse`|p -CD) rcn`keij vkj`dp mil bcce wcrp grinhce|cl iel wcrp j`h`|cl `e c}|ce|

-Irht|rken 2669)% @| mil lcwcjkvcl ijken hi`e |mrcc j`ect? |mc dk(krl`ei|`ke kg ei|`keij

rcn`keij vkj`dp hcitsrct |k cetsrc |mc`r dkegkrh`|p ~`|m |mc |rci|`ct1 |mc lcwcjkvhce| kgDkhhse`|p gselt gkr rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce|1 iel i tjk~ tcr`ct kg hkwct |k~irlt i

vkt`|`wc Dkhhse`|p rcn`keij vkj`dp -Aci|`en 2669* 9>)% ^mce |mc CRLG ~it `e|rklsdcl

`|t dm`cg i`h ~it |k dkrrcd| rcn`keij `hbijiedct ~`|m`e |mc CD bp gsel`en sv |k 36

vcrdce| kg |mc dkt|t kg cdkekh`d lcwcjkvhce| vrkocd|t `e jctt giwksrcl rcn`ket -Bidmc

9000* 46)% Mk~cwcr* |mc vkj`dp |mi| chcrncl ~it kec g`rhjp dke|rkjjcl bp hchbcr(

nkwcrehce|t iel ek| bp tsvriei|`keij `et|`|s|`ket* mcedc |mc Dkhh`tt`ket rkjc ~it

j`h`|cl |k ivvrkw`en vrkocd|t tsbh`||cl bp ei|`keij nkwcrehce|t -`b`l)% \mcrcgkrc*

ij|mksnm |mc CRLG ivvirce|jp bcdihc |mc CDt k~e rcn`keij vkj`dp g`eied`ij `et|rshce| `|~it cggcd|`wcjp t|rsd|srcl `e tsdm i ~ip |mi| `el`w`lsij hchbcr(t|i|ct c}cr|cl i wcrp

t|rken `egjscedc kwcr mk~ |mc hkecp ~it tvce| iel ~mk id|sijjp rcdc`wcl |mc

itt`t|iedc% @e ill`|`ke* itt`t|iedc ~it jirncjp j`h`|cl |k nrie|t gkr `egrit|rsd|src

`ewct|hce|t iel `ewct|hce|t `e `elst|r`ij iel tcrw`dc(tcd|kr tdmchct -Irht|rken 2669*

43(=)%

\mc CD t|rsd|srij vkj`dp tc| `e 90>3 ji|cr selcr~ce| tkhc rcgkrht* tcc`en `|t hi`e

tmiac(sv `e 90==% Eihcjp* |mc 90== rcgkrh hcie| i ril`dij tm`g| `e CD t|rsd|srij vkj`dp%@| `hvktcl i t|rken* se`gkrh rcnsji|krp grihc~kra ke c}|rchcjp l`wcrtc ei|`keij

dke|c}|t -Mkknmc 9007b)* ~m`jc |mc vir|ecrtm`v vr`ed`vjc ~it kgg`d`ijjp `e|rklsdcl2

-Mkknmc 9007i1 Bidmc 90001 \m`cjchiee 2666)% I tcr`ct kg hcitsrct ~it |mcrcbp

ilkv|cl* ibkwc ijj |k `hvrkwc rcji|`ket iel dk(krl`ei|`ke bc|~cce tsvriei|`keij*

ei|`keij iel tsbei|`keij jcwcj is|mkr`|`ct `e |mc`r cggkr|t |k vrkhk|c rcn`keij

lcwcjkvhce|% Hkrc tvcd`g`dijjp* Mkknmc -9007b* 2) lctdr`bcl |mc vir|ecrtm`v vr`ed`vjc it

i tc| kg rsjct iel vrkdclsrct ~m`dm vrctdr`bc |mi| |mc Csrkvcie Dkhh`tt`ke* ei|`keij

is|mkr`|`ct* iel tsbei|`keij is|mkr`|`ct dkjjibkri|c djktcjp iel dke|`esijjp `e |mc lct`ne

iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg CS(gselcl vrknrihhct% Mcedc* `e krlcr |k idm`cwc brkil

tsvvkr| gkr vkj`dp nkijt iel dkhvrcmcet`wc `egkrhi|`ke ke rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce|* vsbj`d

iel vr`wi|c id|krt ~crc `edjslcl `e |mc lcd`t`ke(hia`en vrkdcttct -Bcez iel Cbcrjc`e

9000* 443)% Ekec|mcjctt* lsr`en |mc 9006t |mc CS Rcnsji|`ket hcrcjp itacl |mc

hchbcr(t|i|ct |k dk(krl`ei|c `hvjchce|i|`ke ~`|m |mc rcn`keij iel jkdij id|krt `| dmktc*

~mcrcit |mc jit| t|rsd|srij vkj`dp rcgkrh `e 9000 `e|rklsdcl |mc kbj`ni|krp lchiel |k

`ewkjwc tsbei|`keij id|krt `e CS rcn`keij vkj`dp vrkdctt? |mcp miwc |k bc dketsj|cl `e |mc

vrknrihh`en vrkdctt* |mcp tmksjl bc hchbcrt kg |mc hke`|kr`en dkhh`||cct* iel |mc`r

ivvrkwij kg |mc lc|i`jcl vrknrihh`en lkdshce|t `t rcys`rcl -Jien 2664* 97>)%

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\mc `e|rklsd|`ke kg |mc vir|ecrtm`v vr`ed`vjc dmijjcencl ct|ibj`tmcl m`crirdm`dij

rcji|`ketm`vt bc|~cce dce|rij iel tsbei|`keij id|krt `e CS hchbcr(t|i|ct% ^m`jc

t|rsd|srij gsel vir|ecrtm`vt dmijjcencl c}`t|`en |crr`|kr`ij rcji|`ket ~`|m`e hchbcr(

t|i|ct* |m`t dmijjcenc ~it hc| ~`|m l`ggcrce| lcnrcct kg rct`t|iedc iel l`ggcrce|ks|dkhct? `e tkhc hchbcr(t|i|ct tsbei|`keij id|krt ~crc hkb`j`tcl bs| ek| ecdcttir`jp

chvk~crcl* ~mcrcit `e k|mcrt |mc `hvid| ke |crr`|kr`ij krnie`ti|`ke ~it hkrc t`ne`g`die|

-Bidmc 900=* 9) kbtcrwc |mi| |mc ct|ibj`tmhce|

kg CS(tsbei|`keij j`eat drci|cl i t|rsd|src kg lsij ec|~krat% \mcp irnsc |mi| cidm kg|mc |mrcc id|krt -`%c% |mrcc tc|t kg id|krt? CS* ei|`keij iel tsbei|`keij) `e CS t|rsd|srij

vkj`dp mit |~k l`rcd| rcji|`ketm`vt* iel |mst CS t|rsd|srij vkj`dp lkct ek| t`hvjp br`en

|mrcc `elcvcelce| id|krt |knc|mcr `e i vkj`dp ec|~kra* bs| cidm id|kr mit |~k l`ggcrce|

rkjct? g`rt|* tsbei|`keij id|krt die vk|ce|`ijjp hkb`j`tc Dkhh`tt`ke tsvvkr| ini`et| |mc`r

k~e ei|`keij nkwcrehce|t* iel w`dc wcrti1 tcdkel* tsbei|`keij id|krt die iel lk

hkb`j`tc |mc`r ei|`keij nkwcrehce|t ini`et| |mc Dkhh`tt`ke* iel w`dc wcrti -`b`l* 436)%

\m`t ek|`ke vr`hir`jp vk`e|t |k |mc wcrp `hvkr|ie| dket|ie|jp tm`g|`en ijj`iedct ~`|m`e |mc

|r`il%

Kec l`t|`ed| gci|src kg |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `t `|t t`enjc `hvjchce|i|`ke hklcj* |mc

tihc gkr ijj CS hchbcr(t|i|ct ~`|m |mc`r l`ggcrce| tc|t kg vkj`dp `et|rshce|t iel vkj`|`ct%

It hce|`kecl* `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp cew`tinct |mc `ewkjwchce| kg

i ~`lc rienc kg id|krt* ctvcd`ijjp |mc vir|`d`vi|`ke kg tsbei|`keij is|mkr`|`ct* pc| `| lkct

ek| rcnsji|c |mc`r dket|`|s|`keij t|i|st `e CS hchbcr(t|i|ct -Mkknmc 9007i1 Okect iel

Aci|`en 9003)% \mc ~ip |mctc id|krt -rc)id| `t `egjscedcl bp i |~kgkjl grihc~kra kg

rcgcrcedc% Ke kec miel* |mc Csrkvcie rcnsji|`ket t|`vsji|c rcys`rchce|t ke mk~ |k

`hvjchce| |mc t|rsd|srij gselt% Ke |mc k|mcr* |mc jcnij grihc~kra kg lkhct|`d vkj`d`ct

br`ent `|t k~e -iel vktt`bjp l`ggcrce|) rcys`rchce|t gkr |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke kg t|rsd|srij

vkj`dp -Jien 2664* 930)% T|`jj* i| |m`t osed|src Akmjcr(Akdm -2662) kbtcrwct |mc

ct|ibj`tmhce| kg vkj`dp `hvjchce|i|`ke ec|~krat ke i vcrhiece| bit`t% Tmc irnsct |mi|

|mc id|krt `ewkjwcl miwc kwcr |`hc |srecl `e|k i vkj`dp dkhhse`|p `e ~m`dm |mcp tmirc

t`h`jir kwcrr`l`en kbocd|`wct* i dkhhke `e|crvrc|i|`ke kg |mc vrkbjcht i| t|iac iel |mc

`et|rshce|t bct| ts`|cl gkr tkjw`en |mch% Iddkrl`enjp* |m`t t`enjc `hvjchce|i|`ke hklcj

mit bcce ct|ibj`tmcl it i viril`nhi|`d hklcj* ~m`dm mit tsrw`wcl tsddctt`wc

dkedcv|sij rcgkrht* bcdkhc dkl`g`cl `e CS ji~ iel bcce tsddcttgsjjp `hvjchce|cl idrktt

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|mc CS lctv`|c brkil wir`i|`ket `e |mc tkd`k(cdkekh`d dkel`|`ket iel `et|`|s|`keij tc||`ent

-`b`l)%

\mck rc | ` di j dket `lc ri | ` ket rcni rl `en lkhct | ` d r ctvketc -t ) |k `hv jchce |i | ` ke

k g | mc CSt t| r sd|s ri j vk j `dp `e CS iddctt `ke(t |i |ct

\mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp* ijtk grcysce|jp dijjcl |mc `et|rshce| kg tkj`lir`|p* `t ek|

tkjcjp j`h`|cl |k CS hchbcr(t|i|ct% Eihcjp* t`hsj|ieckst |k |mc ecnk|`i|`en vrkdctt

|mc CS ijtk vrkw`lcl vrc(iddctt`ke g`eied`ij itt`t|iedc |k |mc CS diel`li|c(dkse|r`ct% @e

|m`t rctvcd|* cwcrp diel`li|c(dkse|rp ~`|m |mc ihb`|`ke kg idm`cw`en i m`nm lcwcjkvhce|

jcwcj gkr ijj `|t rcn`ket iel mkv`en |k rcdc`wc tsvvkr| grkh |mc t|rsd|srij gselt hst| vs|

i jk| kg cggkr| `e|k drci|`en ie cgg`d`ce| `et|`|s|`keij grihc~kra |mi| ijjk~t |mc tsddcttgsj

hieinchce| iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg gs|src CS gsel`en% \mc gs|src `et|`|s|`keij ib`j`|p-gsjj CS hchbcrtm`v) |k hieinc iel `hvjchce| |mc CSt t|rsd|srij iel dkmct`ke gselt

`t jirncjp `egjscedcl bp |mc divid`|p |k hieinc iel `hvjchce| |mc vrc(iddctt`ke

itt`t|iedc vrknrihhct% @e |crht kg |mc `et|`|s|`keij ilost|hce| kg CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct*

|mctc vrkdcttct kg `et|`|s|`keij`ti|`ke4 die bc rcnirlcl it vrkdcttct kg

Csrkvcie`ti|`ke%

Csrkvcie`ti|`ke `t i rcji|`wcjp rcdce| vmcekhceke ~m`dm bcnie |k ni`e dket`lcribjc

i||ce|`ke `e |mc ji|c 90=6t iel `e |mc 9006t -Nkc|z iel M`} 26691 Kjtce 26641Gci|mcrt|kec iel Rilicjj` 2664)% T`edc |mc |crh Csrkvcie`ti|`ke mit bcce lcg`ecl `e

hiep ~ipt* bs| ~`|mks| iep djcir bkselir`ct* Rilicjj` -2664) kbtcrwct |mc dkedcv|t

t|rc|dm`en% @e gid|* ek hi||cr ~m`dm lcg`e`|`ke ~c |iac `e|k iddkse| Csrkvcie`ti|`ke `t `e

ncecrij djktcjp dkeecd|cl |k |crht j`ac `eekwi|`ke* hklcre`ti|`ke kr gkrhi|`ke* iel `t

|mst hkt|jp stcl `e l`ggcrce| ~ipt |k lctdr`bc i wir`c|p kg vmcekhcei iel vrkdcttct kg

dmienc% Iddkrl`enjp* Kjtce -2664* 44

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lkhct|`d t|rsd|srct% Gkr c}ihvjc* |mc jk~cr |mc dkhvi|`b`j`|p -g`|) bc|~cce |mc ec~

rcys`rchce|t* ke kec miel* iel -tsb)ei|`keij t|rsd|srct ke |mc k|mcr miel* |mc m`nmcr

`t |mc iliv|i|`keij vrcttsrc -R`ttc c| ij% 2669* 7(>)% It vkj`dp h`tg`|t vrklsdc

iliv|i|`keij dkt|t i| |mc lkhct|`d jcwcj* hchbcr(t|i|ct t|r`wc |k svjkil |mc`r vkj`d`ct

|k |mc CS jcwcj `e krlcr |k rclsdc |mc`r dkhvj`iedc vrkbjcht -Brzcj iel R`ttc 2664*72)% Bcdistc |mc tihc hchbcr(t|i|ct lk ek| ij~ipt tsddccl `e svjkil`en |mc`r

vrcgcrcedct i| |mc CS jcwcj* |mc rctsj| `t i wcrp l`wcrtc vi||cre kg vkj`d`ct* vrkbjch(

tkjw`en ivvrkidmct iel krnie`ti|`keij t|pjct -Mr`|`cr 9000)% Jkn`dijjp* |mc ibtcedc kg

eke(CS hchbcr(t|i|ct `e |mc vrkdcttct kg svjkil`en |mc`r vrcgcrcedct mit rctsj|cl `e

vir|`dsjir m`nm iliv|i|`keij vrcttsrct iel t`ne`g`die| lk~ejkil`en cggkr|t `e |mc ditc kg

dkse|r`ct ivvjp`en gkr CS hchbcrtm`v%

@e krlcr |k t|slp |mc vrkdctt kg |mc Csrkvcie`ti|`ke kg rcn`keij vkj`dp iel vkj`|`dt `eTjkwce`i* ~c gkjjk~ Dk~jct c| ij% -2669) iel Brzcj iel R`ttct -2664) `ewct|`ni|`ke kg

iliv|i|`keij vrcttsrct c}vj`d`|jp rcgcrr`en |k ec~ `et|`|s|`keij`th ieijpt`t% Mcrc* |~k

jkn`dt hi||cr |mc jkn`d kg ivvrkvr`i|cectt3 iel |mc jkn`d kg dketcysce|`ij`th7% Gkjjk~`en

|mctc |~k jkn`dt* id|krt bk|m dijdsji|c dketcyscedct iel gkjjk~ rsjct -Hirdm iel Kjtce

900=)% \mc g`rt| jkn`d ivvj`ct |k tkd`kjkn`dij* iel |mc tcdkel |k ri|`keij dmk`dc

`et|`|s|`keij`th% Bk|m jkn`dt `lce|`gp l`ggcrce| hcdmie`tht kg `et|`|s|`keij dmienc* ~m`dm

die bc cysijjp ivvj`cl |k i dmienc `e vkj`d`ct iel vkj`|`dt* ~m`jc bk|m jkn`dt ijtk t|rctt

l`ggcrce| gid|krt gid`j`|i|`en lkhct|`d iliv|i|`ke -Brzcj iel R`ttc 2664* 74)% \mc jkn`d kgivvrkvr`i|cectt rcgjcd|t |mc vkj`dp iel tkd`ij jcire`en iel jcilt |k ie `e|creij`ti|`ke kg

CS ekrht iel |mc lcwcjkvhce| kg ec~ `lce|`|`ct* ~mcrcit |mc jkn`d kg dketcysce|`ij`th

jcilt |k i rcl`t|r`bs|`ke kg rctksrdct iel l`ggcrce|`ij chvk~crhce| i| |mc lkhct|`d jcwcj%

Ke |m`t jit| vk`e|* |mc vivcr irnsct |mi| Csrkvcie`ti|`ke vrkdcttct irc djktcjp j`eacl |k

rcn`keij`ti|`ke vrkdcttct% Iddkrl`en |k nm* Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke> irc

bit`dijjp `e|crrcji|cl bs| ek| ecdcttir`jp dksvjcl |knc|mcr it ie is|khi|`th* ij|mksnm

chcrn`en |riet(ei|`keij CS vkj`|p mit rc(cegkrdcl |mc dji`ht iel vrcttsrct gkr

rcn`keij`ti|`ke -nm 2664* 993)% \mc rctsj| mit bcce |mc lcwcjkvhce| kg hsj|`(jcwcj

nkwcreiedc= it i |k|ijjp ec~ t|rsd|src `e |mc CS vkj`|p it i ~mkjc* ~mcrc tsbei|`keij

hkb`j`ti|`ke mit jcl |k |mc rcl`t|r`bs|`ke kg rctksrdct% \mctc dket`lcri|`ket irc ctvcd`ijjp

cw`lce| `e |mc vkt|(tkd`ij`t| dkse|r`ct ivvjp`en gkr CS hchbcrtm`v ~m`dm mil bcce*

rcnirl`en |mc kjl tkd`ij`t| tpt|ch* |ril`|`keijjp -hkrc |mie jctt) dce|rij`tcl% Mcedc* ~c

|rci| bk|m Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke it c}vjiei|krp wir`ibjct kg lkhct|`d

`et|`|s|`keij iel vkj`dp dmienct tcce `e CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct% Mk~cwcr* t`edc

rcn`keij`ti|`ke `t t`ne`g`die|jp `egjscedcl iel t|`hsji|cl bp Csrkvcie`ti|`ke vrkdcttct* @

tcc rcn`keij`ti|`ke it ie `e|crwce`en ri|mcr |mie ie `elcvcelce| wir`ibjc -tcc G`nsrc 9)%

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G`nsrc 9? Dkedcv|sij`t`en |mc |~k(~ip jkn`d kg lkhct|`d dmienc ke bcmijg kg hiein`en

iel `hvjchce|`en |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `e CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct

Vkj`dp+ @et|`|s|`keij+ \crr`|kr`ij H`tg`|

Vrcttsrct gkr iliv|i|`ke

Csrkvcie`ti|`ke Rcn`keij`ti|`ke

Gid|krt gid`j`|i|`en dmienc?( Jcnij iliv|i|`ke

( @et|`|s|`ke(bs`jl`en

Vrcttsrct gkr iliv|i|`ke

Gid|krt gid`j`|i|`en dmienc?( Jcnij iliv|i|`ke

( \crr`|kr`ij rct|rsd|sr`en gkrCS vsrvktct

Vrcttsrct gkr iliv|i|`ke

Hiein`en iel `hvjchce|`enCS t|rsd|srij vkj`dp

Lkhct|`d dmienc-t)

( e|creij`ti|`ke kg CS ekrht( tsbei|`keij hkb`j`ti|`ke+ l`ggcrce|`ij chvk~crhce|;

Rcl`t|r`bs|`ke kg rctksrdctVkj`dp iel tkd`ij jcire`en

Chcrncedc kg vkj`dpec|~krat;

Tksrdc? Hkl`g`cl bp Brzcj iel R`ttct -2664* 70) |~k jkn`dt kg lkhct|`d dmienc

G`eijjp* |mc vivcr irnsct |mi| |mc ks|dkhct kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`kevrkdcttct `e |mc CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct irc jcil`en |k |mc chcrncedc kg l`ggcrce| |pvct kg

vkj`dp -t|rsd|srij) ec|~krat% Bs| ~mp lkct rcji|`wcjp setsrvr`t`en iel dkhhkevjidc

t|i|chce| hi||cr; @e kjl tkd`ij`t| t|i|ct* vkj`|`dij lcd`t`ket ~crc rcnsjirjp |iace `e

eirrk~ vkj`|`dij d`rdjct* `e|crjidcl i| hkt| ~`|m dcr|i`e vcrtkeij ec|~krat% Mcedc* |mc

vkt|(tkd`ij`t| dkse|r`ct kg Dce|rij iel Cit|cre Csrkvc ncecrijjp jida i ec|~kra dsj|src%

Eihcjp* |mc c}`t|cedc kg vkj`dp ec|~krat ittshct |mc c}`t|cedc kg bk|m i lcwcjkvcl

t|i|c iel i lcwcjkvcl tkd`c|p% Pc|* ec`|mcr |mc t|i|ct ekr |mc tkd`c|`ct kg vkt|(tkd`ij`t|

CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct ~crc tsgg`d`ce|jp lcwcjkvcl |k hiac |mc cwkjs|`ke kg vkj`dp ec|~kratj`acjp -Hirtm 9004* 46(9)% T`h`jirjp* G`ea(Migecr -900=) t|sl`cl |mc chcrncedc iel

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dmienct kg vkj`dp ec|~krat `e |mc dke|c}| kg lchkdri|`d |riet`|`ke `e Tjkwce`i iel

itdcr|i`ecl |mi|* `e |mc cirjp |riet`|`keij vcr`kl* vkj`|`dij lcd`t`ket ~crc hkrc kr jctt

vcrtke`g`cl iel t|`jj dke|rkjjcl bp vkj`|`dij vir|`ct iel t|i|c id|krt `e i eirrk~ tcetc%

Mk~cwcr* mcr t|slp ijtk tmk~cl |mc rcw`w`en kg |mc chbrpk kg dketsj|i|`wc vkj`|`dt* g`rt|

`e |mktc vkj`dp ircit ~mcrc d`w`j tkd`c|p ~it rcvrctce|cl bp rcji|`wcjp t|rken cdkekh`d`e|crct| nrksvt0 -`b`l)% Bitcl ke dketsj|i|`wc vkj`|`dt* hkrc t|ib`j`tcl iel

`et|`|s|`keij`tcl vkj`dp ec|~krat miwc bcce cwkjw`en nrilsijjp `e l`ggcrce| vkj`dp g`cjlt%

Mcrc* iddctt`ke |k |mc CS dcr|i`ejp rcvrctce|t ie ill`|`keij iel t|rken di|ijpt| gkr

lcwcjkv`en dketsj|i|`wc vkj`|`dt `e Tjkwce`i? g`rt| ~`|m`e |mc t|i|c ilh`e`t|ri|`ke96 iel*

tcdkel* bp hkb`j`t`en d`w`j tkd`c|p iel tsbei|`keij id|krt `e l`ggcrce| vkj`dp g`cjlt%

@hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp dksjl `e vir|`dsjir bc i nkkl vrid|`dc gkr

t|`hsji|`en |mc chcrncedc kg tsbei|`keij ec|~krat% Eihcjp* it |mc vivcr ~`jj

lchket|ri|c ji|cr* |mc jit| lcdilc `e Tjkwce`i mit bcce hiracl hkrc bp grinhce|i|`ke|mie dk(kvcri|`ke -kr ec|~kra`en) i| |mc tsbei|`keij jcwcj%

\mc \~k(~ip Jkn`d kg Lkhct|`d Dmienc it i Rctvketc |k Hiein`en iel

@hv jchce|`en |mc CSt T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp `e Tjkwce`i

Ek|~`|mt|iel`en `|t |crr`|kr`ij thijjectt iel thijj eshbcr kg `emib`|ie|t* Tjkwce`it

tvcd`ij gci|srct `edjslc `|t c}|rchc ei|srij* dsj|srij iel tkd`k(cdkekh`d l`wcrt`|p%

Tjkwce`i `t |mst dmirid|cr`tcl bp i jirnc eshbcr kg ei|srij rcn`ket* ei|srijjp gkrhclbkrlcrt* |mc wir`c|p kg `|t |crri`e* nrci| b`k(l`wcrt`|p* bkrlcr rcn`ket* ei|`keij h`ekr`|`ct*

l`tvcrtcl tc||jchce| iel l`wcrt`|p `e ncecrij iel* i| |mc tihc |`hc* |mc nrci|

wsjecrib`j`|p kg `|t jieltdivc% \mc rctsj| kg ijj |mctc gid|krt `t j`h`|cl iddctt |k dcr|i`e

ircit* dmijjcen`en tc||jchce| dkel`|`ket iel l`gg`dsj|p `e krnie`t`en cdkekh`d id|`w`|`ct

-Ecnk|`i|`en Vkt`|`ket 2666* 227)% I| |mc t|ir| kg |mc |~ce|`c|m dce|srp |mc l`ggcrcedct

bc|~cce vir|`dsjir rcn`ket kg vrctce|(lip Tjkwce`i ~crc ys`|c jirnc% Lsc |k |mc

dce|rij`t| kr`ce|i|`ke kg |mc ilh`e`t|ri|`ke ig|cr |mc Tcdkel ^krjl ^ir* |mctc l`tvir`|`ct

dke|`escl |k nrk~ se|`j 90>9 ~mce i tvcd`ij Ji~ ke |mc Vrkhk|`ke kg Bijiedcl Rcn`keij

Lcwcjkvhce| ~it ilkv|cl% \mi| Ji~ ~it bitcl ke |mc dkedcv| kg vkjpdce|r`d

lcwcjkvhce| iel mcrijlcl |mc t|ir| kg rcn`keij vkj`dp iel tvcd`ij hcitsrct |k vrkhk|c

|mc nrk~|m kg jctt(lcwcjkvcl rcn`ket -T|ri|cnp kg |mc Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce| `e Tjkwce`i

2669* 90)% \mctc hcitsrct ~crc bitcl ke |mc vr`ed`vjct kg gkrh`en i jcwcj vjip`en g`cjl

gkr j`w`en iel ~kra`en dkel`|`ket `e l`ggcrce| vir|t kg |mc dkse|rp% Ji|cr* `e |mc cirjp

9006t |mc Ji~ ke Vrkhk|`en |mc Lcwcjkvhce| kg Lchknrivm`dijjp Celiencrcl Rcn`ket

~it ilkv|cl% @| lcg`ecl celiencrcl rcn`ket |mrksnm |~k lchknrivm`d `el`di|krt kejp?

|mc jcwcj kg vkvsji|`ke nrk~|m iel |mc inc`en `elc} -Rcn`keij Vkj`dp iel |mc CS 9000)%

\m`t tpt|ch l`l ek| |sre ks| |k bc |mc hkt| ivvrkvr`i|c bcdistc Tjkwce`it lchknrivm`d

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v`d|src l`l ek| `hvrkwc i| `|t dkrc% Hkrckwcr* tmkr|jp ig|cr `elcvcelcedc rcn`keij

lcwcjkvhce| ~it vjidcl ke |mc bida bsrecr iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg i bijiedcl rcn`keij

vkj`dp ~it ijtk ek| tcce it i vr`kr`|p vr`hir`jp bcdistc lcwcjkvhce|ij vrkbjcht ~crc

hieincl tcviri|cjp iel ek| rcn`keijjp -`%c% it rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce|ij vrkbjcht)%

Ill`|`keijjp* `e |mc `e`|`ij pcirt ig|cr Tjkwce`it `elcvcelcedc |mcrc ~it i m`nm lcnrcc kgdce|rij`ti|`ke kg rctksrdct iel irb`|rirp lcd`t`ke(hia`en i| |mc ei|`keij jcwcj1 ke |kv kg

|mc vkj`|`dij inceli ~crc |mc |itat kg ct|ibj`tm`en |mc vkj`|`dij iel ilh`e`t|ri|`wc

t|rsd|src kg |mc t|i|c iel |mc hidrkcdkekh`d l`jchhit `e |mc vrkdctt kg cdkekh`d

|riet`|`ke% Mcedc* |mc jcwcj kg rctksrdct cirhiracl gkr |mc rcn`keij lkhi`e ~it gijj`en

|mrksnmks|* iel l`tvir`|`ct bc|~cce rcn`ket99 `e Tjkwce`i ig|cr `|t `elcvcelcedc gsr|mcr

c}vielcl%

Rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| mit bcce kec kg |mc hkt| dkhvjc} `ttsct `e Tjkwce`itecnk|`i|`ket ~`|m |mc CS*92 iel vir|`d`vi|`ke `e |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp mit |r`nncrcl

rcji|`wcjp t`ne`g`die| ilost|hce|t `e Tjkwce`it jcnij krlcr% \mctc ilost|hce|t miwc hkt|

w`t`bjp chbridcl |mc gkrhi|`ke kg i ts`|ibjc `et|`|s|`keij t|rsd|src gkr `hvjchce|`en |mc

CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp* iel -t|`jj seg`e`tmcl) dmienct `e Tjkwce`it |crr`|kr`ij krnie`ti|`ke

-`%c% rcn`keij`ti|`ke)%

Csrkvcie `ti| ` ke ? bs ` j l `en i ts ` |ib jc ` et | ` |s | ` kei j t | r sd |s rc

@e iddkrliedc ~`|m |mc tkd`kjkn`dij `et|`|s|`keij`th vcrtvcd|`wc* Csrkvcie`ti|`ke rcys`rct

|mi| t|i|ct |iac vir| `e |mc `e|creij`ti|`ke kg CS ekrht iel lcwcjkvhce| kg ec~

`lce|`|`ct% Pc|* |m`t `e|creij`ti|`ke -kr iliv|i|`ke) `t ek| hcdmie`dij% @e |mc CS dke|c}|*

t|i|ct gkjjk~ iel `h`|i|c cidm k|mcr it i rsjc* bs| |mcrc `t ij~ipt rkkh -ijbc`| kg

l`ggcrce| t`zct) gkr lkhct|`d `e|crvrc|i|`ke* |rietji|`ke iel cl`|`en% Mcedc* t|i|ct

`e|crvrc|* |rietji|c iel cl`| |mc rsjct kg |mc nihc tk |mi| |mcp g`| `e|k |mc`r lkhct|`d

vkj`|`dij dke|c}| -Hr|m 2664* 972)%

Dkenrsce| ~`|m dsrrce| |crr`|kr`ij krnie`ti|`ke iel |mc t`zc kg vkvsji|`ke* |mc ecnk|`i|`en

vkt`|`ket ke |mc dmiv|cr ke rcn`keij vkj`dp iel |mc dk(krl`ei|`ke kg t|rsd|srij

`et|rshce|t ijrcilp ie|`d`vi|cl |mi| |mc ilh`e`t|ri|`wc irrienchce| gkr hiein`en iel

`hvjchce|`en rcn`keij vkj`dp `e Tjkwce`i ~ksjl bc dce|rij`tcl% \m`t hciet |mi| |mc

dce|rij rkjc kg hiein`en t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `e Tjkwce`i ~it |iace kwcr bp kec dce|rij

`et|`|s|`ke gkr dk(krl`ei|`ke vsrvktct -Hiein`en Is|mkr`|p)* iel bp kec t`enjc Vip`en

Is|mkr`|p% Mcrc* |~k gci|srct `e |mc cwkjs|`ke kg |mc dkse|rpt `et|`|s|`keij t|rsd|src die

bc kbtcrwcl? i grcysce|jp tm`g|`en Hiein`en Is|mkr`|p ~`|m`e Tjkwce`it t|i|c

ilh`e`t|ri|`ke* iel |mc t|ibjc vkt`|`ke kg |mc Vip`en Is|mkr`|p%

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@e|crvrc|i|`ke iel \rietji|`ke? \mc @et|`|s|`keij T|rsd|src gkr Hiein`en |mc Vrc(

Iddctt`ke Itt`t|iedc Vrknrihhct

Tjkwce`i mit bcce rcdc`w`en itt`t|iedc grkh |mc CS t`edc 9002% Kec dksjl tip |mi| |mct|krp kg rcji|`ket bc|~cce Tjkwce`i iel |mc CS t|ir|cl `e vrid|`dc ~`|m |mc VMIRC

vrknrihhc% @hhcl`i|cjp ig|cr Tjkwce`it `e|crei|`keij rcdkne`|`ke iel |mc ct|ibj`tm`en

kg `e`|`ij dke|id|t ~`|m |mc CS* |mc Tjkwce`ie Nkwcrehce| t|ir|cl vrcvir`en `|tcjg |k

`hvjchce| |mc VMIRC vrknrihhc% @e Lcdchbcr 9009 |mc Nkwcrehce| mil |mst ijrcilp

ct|ibj`tmcl |mc tk(dijjcl @e|cr(h`e`t|cr`ij Dk(krl`ei|`ke gkr Gkrc`ne \cdme`dij I`l ~`|m

`|t l`rcd|`ke ce|rst|cl |k |mc |mce H`e`t|rp kg Td`cedc iel \cdmekjknp% ^`|m`e |m`t

H`e`t|rp* |mc Lcvir|hce| gkr Gkrc`ne \cdme`dij I`l ~it ijtk ct|ibj`tmcl ~`|m |mc hi`e

|ita |k tcrwc iel dk(krl`ei|c |mc id|`w`|`ct kg l`ggcrce| itt`t|iedc vrknrihhct grkhibrkil% Ji|cr ke* ig|cr ct|ibj`tmhce| kg |mc Nkwcrehce| Kgg`dc gkr Csrkvcie Iggi`rt

-mcrc`eig|cr? |mc NKCI) `e 900= -tcc G`ea(Migecr iel Jiom 2664) it tkhc a`el kg

Csrkvcie h`e`t|rp* |mc rkjc kg dk(krl`ei|`en ei|`keij i`l ~it ce|rst|cl |k i tvcd`ij

Gkrc`ne I`l L`w`t`ke ct|ibj`tmcl ~`|m`e |mc NKCI% \m`t Gkrc`ne I`l L`w`t`ke ~it

rctvket`bjc gkr dirrp`en ks| c}vcr| iel |cdme`dij kvcri|`keij |itat ~`|m`e |mc grihc~kra

kg ei|`keij dk(krl`ei|`ke itt`t|iedc% \mc Ei|`keij Gsel -it |mc G`eied`ij Is|mkr`|p) ~it

tc| sv ~`|m`e |mc osr`tl`d|`ke kg |mc H`e`t|rp kg G`eiedc iel ce|rst|cl ~`|m |mc

rctvket`b`j`|p gkr hiein`en |mc gselt ijrcilp ijjkdi|cl |k Tjkwce`i |mrksnm |mc l`ggcrce|itt`t|iedc vrknrihhct% It tsdm* |mc Ei|`keij Gsel dke|rkjjcl |mc `egjk~ kg itt`t|iedc

iel dk(krl`ei|cl |mc CS gselt ~`|m lkhct|`d gselt% Ijtk ~`|m`e |mc H`e`t|rp kg G`eiedc*

|mc Dce|rij G`eied`ij Dke|rid|`en Se`| ~it ct|ibj`tmcl% \mc Dce|rij G`eied`ij Dke|rid|`en

Se`| |kka kwcr rctvket`b`j`|p gkr |mc g`eied`ij hieinchce| kg CS g`eied`ij itt`t|iedc% @|t

hi`e |ita mit bcce |k dirrp ks| vsbj`d |celcrt iel hiac dke|rid|t ~`|m `hvjchce|`en

inced`ct% Tcd|krij h`e`t|r`ct `e j`ec ~`|m |mc g`eij bcecg`d`ir`ct -tsbei|`keij id|krt* ENKt

c|d%) kg itt`t|iedc |kka kwcr rctvket`b`j`|p gkr |mc tcjcd|`ke kg vrkocd|t iel hke`|kr`en kg

|mc`r `hvjchce|i|`ke% \mcp miwc ijtk bcce rctvket`bjc gkr id|sij `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc

vrkocd|t%

Cl`|`en? Vrcvir`en |mc @et|`|s|`keij T|rsd|src |k Ilh`e`t|cr |mc T|rsd|srij Gselt

@e j`ec ~`|m vrcviri|`ket |k ilh`e`t|cr |mc t|rsd|srij gselt* ke 97 Osjp 9000 |mc Ei|`keij

Ittchbjp kg |mc Rcvsbj`d kg Tjkwce`i vittcl |mc Id| ke |mc Vrkhk|`ke kg Bijiedcl

Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce|94 -Kgg`d`ij Nizc||c kg |mc RT* Ek% 76+00)% \m`t Id| vrkw`lct |mc

jcnij bit`t gkr `hvjchce|`en |mc CSt t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `e Tjkwce`i% Grkh |mc vcrtvcd|`wc

kg bs`jl`en(sv ie `et|`|s|`keij t|rsd|src ts`|ibjc gkr ilh`e`t|cr`en |mc t|rsd|srij gselt*

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|mc Id| `t `hvkr|ie| gkr |mrcc rcitket? ct|ibj`tmhce| kg |mc Ei|`keij Incedp gkr Rcn`keij

Lcwcjkvhce| -mcrc`eig|cr? |mc EIRL)1 |mc Dksed`j gkr T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp1 iel |mc ec|~kra

kg Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Inced`ct -mcrc`eig|cr? |mc RLI)%

\mc EIRL ~it ct|ibj`tmcl `e 2666* `e`|`ijjp it i dket|`|sce| bklp kg |mc H`e`t|rp kg |mcCdkekhp*9< iel |kka kwcr |mc rctvket`b`j`|p kg |mc Hieinchce| Is|mkr`|p rcnirl`en

rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| `ttsct `e Tjkwce`i% Mk~cwcr* |mc EIRL mcjl |m`t t|i|st se|`j

Gcbrsirp 2664 ~mce i tvcd`ij Nkwcrehce| Kgg`dc gkr T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp iel Rcn`keij

Lcwcjkvhce| -NKTV) ~it ct|ibj`tmcl%93 Gkjjk~`en ct|ibj`tmhce| kg |mc NKTV* |mc

rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| l`hcet`ke ini`e tm`g|cl* |m`t |`hc grkh |mc EIRL |k |mc NKTV% @e

ill`|`ke* ig|cr ct|ibj`tmhce| kg |mc NKTV |mc EIRL ijtk gcjj ~`|m`e |mc osr`tl`d|`ke kg |mc

ec~jp ct|ibj`tmcl NKTV% @e |m`t ~ip* |mc NKTV |kka kwcr rctvket`b`j`|p kg |mc Hiein`en

Is|mkr`|p97

~m`jc |mc EIRL rchi`ecl rctvket`bjc gkr dirrp`en ks| |mc lcwcjkvhce|*dksetcjj`en iel dk(krl`ei|`ke |itat kg |mc t|i|c rcji|cl |k |mc vrkhk|`ke kg -rcn`keij)

lcwcjkvhce|%

\mc Id| ke |mc Vrkhk|`ke kg Bijiedcl Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce| ijtk ct|ibj`tmcl |mc Dksed`j

gkr T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp it i drktt(tcd|krij dk(krl`ei|`en bklp kg |mc Nkwcrehce|

rctvket`bjc gkr dk(krl`ei|`en lkdshce|t vrkvktcl gkr `hvjchce|`en t|rsd|srij vkj`dp i|

|mc ei|`keij jcwcj iel gkr |mc gkrhi|`ke iel dk(krl`ei|`ke kg ei|`keij lcwcjkvhce|

`edce|`wct iel t|rsd|srij itt`t|iedc ijjkdi|cl bp |mc CS%

G`eijjp* |mc Id| ijtk ceibjcl |mc ct|ibj`tmhce| kg i ec|~kra kg RLIt% \mcp ~crc c`|mcr

ct|ibj`tmcl bp hse`d`vij`|`ct kr is|mkr`tcl bp |mch gkr rcn`keij vjiee`en iel

lcwcjkvhce|% @e iddkrliedc ~`|m |mc |~cjwc t|i|`t|`dij rcn`ket gksel i| |mc ES\T(4 jcwcj

`e Tjkwce`i* |~cjwc RLIt ~crc ct|ibj`tmcl% \mcp irc rctvket`bjc gkr rcn`keij vjiee`en*

vrkocd| `e`|`i|`ke iel lcwcjkvhce|* lct`ne`en iel |mc tsbh`tt`ke kg vrkocd| vrkvktijt gkr

vsbj`d |celcrt* hke`|kr`en kg |mc vrkocd|t `hvjchce|cl bp hse`d`vij`|`ct iel k|mcr

vrkocd| jcilcrt iel gkr |mc cwijsi|`ke kg vrkocd| rctsj|t% \mcp irc |mc acp id|krt i| |mc

rcn`keij jcwcj% @e |m`t dke|c}|* ivir| grkh id|`en it dk(krl`ei|krt kg jkdij hse`d`vij vjiet

iel lcwcjkvhce| vrkocd|t |mcp rcvrctce| jkdij hse`d`vij`|`ct i| |mc ei|`keij jcwcj iel

jkbbp gkr |mc`r `e|crct|t rcn`keijjp* ei|`keijjp* iel ~`|m`e |mc CSt t|rsd|srct%

@e |m`t ~ip* i rcji|`wcjp t|ibjc iel `et|`|s|`keij`tcl ec|~kra gkr ilh`e`t|cr`en rcn`keij

`ttsct `e Tjkwce`i mit nrilsijjp bcce cwkjw`en gkr kwcr i lcdilc -tcc G`nsrc 2)% Cwkjwcl

ec|~kra `t ri|mcr dce|rij`tcl i| |mc ei|`keij jcwcj* ~mcrc i dce|rij rkjc kg hiein`en |mc

t|rsd|srij vkj`dp `ttsct j`ct ~`|m`e kec dce|rij `et|`|s|`ke gkr dk(krl`ei|`ke vsrvktct

-Hiein`en Is|mkr`|p) NKTV* iel kec t`enjc Vip`en Is|mkr`|p Ei|`keij Gsel* ~mcrcit

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vkj`|`dij gsed|`ke j`ct ~`|m`e |mc Dksed`j gkr T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp% \mc ec|~kra `t kvce*

|mksnm |k |mc j`h`|cl c}|ce|* gkr tsbei|`keij id|krt -jkdij is|mkr`|`ct+hse`d`vij`|`ct)*

rcvrctce|cl |mrksnm RLIt* it ~cjj it gkr tkd`ij vir|ecrt iel ENKt% \mcp irc `edjslcl `e

|mc vrkdcttct kg vrcviri|`ke kg |mc Ei|`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie iel rcn`keij iel tcd|krij

lcwcjkvhce| vrknrihhct%

G`nsrc 2? \mc cwkjwcl ec|~kra kg hiein`en rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| `e Tjkwce`i

H@E@T\R@CT

NKWCREHCE\ KGG@DC GKRT\RSD\SRIJ VKJ@ DP IEL

RCN@KEIJ LCWCJKVHCE\

Tcd|krij Lcwcjkvhce| Vrknrihhct

RCN@KEIJ LCWCJKVHCE\ INCED@CT

TKD@IJVIR\ECRT

ENK.t

Ei|`keijLcwcjkvhce|

Vjie

H@E@T\RPKG

G@EIEDC

Ei|`keijGsel

DGDS

Ei|`keij Incedpgkr Rcn`keijLcwcjkvhce|

Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce| VrknrihhctDKSED@JGKR

T\RSD\SRIJ

VKJ@DP

Csrkvcie `ti| ` ke |m r ksnm r cn `keij ` ti| ` ke ? | mc h kb ` j ` ti | ` ke k g tsbei | `kei j id|k r t;

@e |mc jit| gc~ lcdilct |mc CS mit vi`l hkrc i||ce|`ke |k celkncekst rcn`keij

lcwcjkvhce| |mi| bs`jlt |mc t|rcen|m kg rcn`keij se`yscectt grkh |mc gkseli|`ket sv

-`%c% bk||kh(sv) -Vjs| 900=* 4

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Lsr`en iddctt`ke |k |mc CS* |m`t mit jcl |k |~k |itat gkr Tjkwce`i? `|t `e|cnri|`ke `e|k

tsddcttgsj Csrkvcie lcwcjkvhce| i}ct tk it ek| |k rchi`e ke |mc vcr`vmcrp1 iel |mc

lcwcjkvhce| kg `e|creij rcn`keij`ti|`ke* ~`|mks| ~m`dm |mc dkse|rpt hkrc se`gkrh

lcwcjkvhce| ~ksjl bc `hvktt`bjc -Vjs| 900=* ir`tc rctsj|`en `e ekec kg

|mc vrkvktijt gkr Tjkwce`it vkj`|`dij(ilh`e`t|ri|`wc rcn`keij`ti|`ke9= bc`en tk gir

dkhvjc|cjp ti|`tgid|krp% Gkjjk~`en |mc vcrtvcd|`wc kg |mc jkn`d kg dketcyscetij`th*

Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke irc jirncjp dkedc`wcl it ie chcrn`en vkj`|`dijkvvkr|se`|p t|rsd|src* ~m`dm kggcrt tkhc id|krt -mcrc tsbei|`keij id|krt `e vir|`dsjir)

ill`|`keij rctksrdct |k c}cr| ie `egjscedc%

Setsddcttgsj `e|creij rcn`keij`ti|`ke

Tjkwce`i mit ek m`t|kr`dij |ril`|`ke kg rcn`keij nkwcrehce| iel |mst `|t vkj`|`dij(

ilh`e`t|ri|`wc rcn`keij`ti|`ke `t ek t`hvjc |ita% \mi| `t ~mp |mc dkse|rpt ilh`e`t|ri|`wc

rcn`keij`ti|`ke `t t|`jj `edkhvjc|c* iel rcn`ket it ilh`e`t|ri|`wc(vkj`|`dij ce|`|`ct irc t|`jj|k bc ct|ibj`tmcl% @| ~`jj bc jken |`hc grkh |mc lcd`t`ke bitcl ke cdkekh`d* vkj`|`dij iel

c}vcr| ieijptct ke |mc srncedp kg ct|ibj`tm`en rcn`ket |k |mc |`hc |mc ec|~kra `t id|sijjp

ct|ibj`tmcl% Eihcjp* |mc dsrrce| |crr`|kr`ij krnie`ti|`ke `t cwcr c}viel`en |mc niv

bc|~cce |mc thijj iel vk~crjcttdkhhse`|`ct iel |mc dce|rij`tcl t|i|c% \mc `e|rklsd|`ke

kg vkj`|`dij(ilh`e`t|ri|`wc rcn`ket tmksjl djktc |m`t niv bc|~cce thijj hse`d`vij`|`ct iel

|mc t|i|c ~m`dm `t c}dctt`wcjp dce|rij`tcl iel mit |kk hsdm vk~cr `e dkhvir`tke ~`|m |mc

hse`d`vij`|`ct% @e ill`|`ke* |mc vrctce| t`|si|`ke `t ijtk `edrcit`en |mc niv bc|~cce |mc

hkrc lcwcjkvcl dce|rij Josbjoiei srbie rcn`ke* iel |mc rct| kg Tjkwce`i% @e gid|* tsdm

gijj`en bcm`el mit bcce dmirid|cr`t|`d kg |mrcc(ysir|crt kg |mc dkse|rpt |crr`|krp cwce

|mksnm `| ~it kec kg |mc gc~ -`g ek| |mc kejp) dkse|r`ct `e |mc tkd`ij`t| ~krjl |k bitc `|t

lcwcjkvhce| ke vkjpdce|r`th%

\k idm`cwc Tjkwce`it vkj`|`dij(ilh`e`t|ri|`wc rcn`keij`ti|`ke* mk~cwcr* |mc Tjkwce`ie

Dket|`|s|`ke kg 9009 mit |k bc dmiencl% @e |mc kv`e`ke kg tkhc c}vcr|t -gkr c}ihvjc*

h`lkwe`a 900=)* |mc dmiv|cr ke jkdij nkwcrehce| `e |mc Dket|`|s|`ke dihc `e|k

c}`t|cedc ~`|mks| |mc ecdcttirp c}vcr`cedc iel aek~jclnc iel dieek| dkhvc|c ~`|m

k|mcr tsddcttgsj dket|`|s|`ket ke |m`t `ttsc -gkr c}ihvjc* |mc @|ij`ie kr Ncrhie

9>

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dket|`|s|`ket)% Eihcjp* |mc 9009 Dket|`|s|`ke ilkv|cl i dce|rij`t|`d hklcj kg t|i|c

ilh`e`t|ri|`ke iel |mst l`l ek| cew`tinc iep hieli|krp bklp gkr rcij`t`en rcn`keij

`e|crct|t -Nrigceiscr 2664* 40)% \mc hkt| dke|rkwcrt`ij vir| `t Ir|`djc 9

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bs| ijtk lcg`ect |mc ilh`e`t|ri|`wc jcwcj i| ~m`dm t|rsd|srij gselt iel k|mcr rcn`keij iel

dkmct`ke gselt irc hieincl -Msnmct c| ij% 2664* >4)% Mk~cwcr* |m`t lkct ek| ijtk

lctdr`bc |mc ditc `e Tjkwce`i? |mc Tjkwce`ie hklcj gkr rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| `t bitcl i|

|mc ES\T(4 di|cnkrp `et|cil kg |mc ES\T(2 di|cnkrp% \mcrcgkrc* rcn`ket `e |mc Tjkwce`ie

dke|c}| irc id|sijjp tsb(rcn`ket `e |mc CS dke|c}|%

Tjkwce`i gkrhijjp ij`necl `|t t|i|`t|`dij rcn`ket ~`|m |mc ES\T djitt`g`di|`ke `e Hirdm

2666% I| |mc |`hc* |mc Tjkwce`ie Nkwcrehce| |kka |mc `e`|`i|`wc |k ct|ibj`tm |~k jirnc

ES\T(2 rcn`ket -Josbjoiei Srbie Rcn`ke iel |mc Rct| kg Tjkwce`i)* vr`hir`jp hk|`wi|cl

bp |mc lct`rc |k ysij`gp gkr t|rsd|srij gsel`en gkr it jken it vktt`bjc% Mcedc* ri|mcr |mie

bc`en dket`lcrcl it kec ES\T(2 rcn`ke iel vk|ce|`ijjp jkt`en `|t cj`n`b`j`|p gkr t|rsd|srij

gsel`en `e |mc wcrp ecir gs|src* |mc Nkwcrehce| vrkvktcl i |~k(~ip tvj`|% Mk~cwcr* |mc

Dkhh`tt`ke mit ek| bcce wcrp acce ibks| |m`t `e`|`i|`wc t`edc `| `t ek| djcir ke ~m`dmieijp|`dij rcys`rchce|t iel ilh`e`t|ri|`wc t|rsd|srct |mc l`w`t`ke `e|k |mctc |~k

t|i|`t|`dij se`|t `t bitcl -Rcnsjir Rcvkr| grkh |mc Dkhh`tt`ke 2666)% I hs|sijjp

iddcv|ibjc tkjs|`ke gkr djkt`en |mc ecnk|`i|`en dmiv|cr ke Rcn`keij Vkj`dp iel Dk(

krl`ei|`ke kg T|rsd|srij @et|rshce|t ~it rcidmcl i| |mc CS iddctt`ke dkegcrcedc `e Osjp

2662% Iddkrl`enjp* Tjkwce`i `t |k bc dket`lcrcl i t`enjc vrknrihh`en irci `e |mc 266

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rcn`keij`ti|`ke* ~m`dm l`l ek| |sre ks| |k bc hkt| ivvrkvr`i|c kec% Ost| |mc kvvkt`|c? `|

jcl |k |mc grinhce|i|`ke kg tsbei|`keij jcwcj `e Tjkwce`i% I| jit|* ie c}kncekst gid|kr

|mc CS hklcj kg rcn`keij`ti|`ke* |r`nncrcl dk(kvcri|`ke bc|~cce jkdij dkhhse`|`ct it

~cjj k|mcr tsbei|`keij id|krt `e Tjkwce`i% @e gid|* |m`t hklcj mit jcl |k |mc chcrncedc kg

tsbei|`keij ec|~krat* ~mcrc acp j`eat `ewkjwc |mc RLIt% \mctc ec|~krat irc ri|mcr |mcrctsj|t kg c}kncekst gid|krt |mie kg |mc cggkr|t kg is|kekhkst tsbei|`keij id|krt* iel

rcgjcd| dmienct `e ei|`keij jcn`tji|`ke ke rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| iel iliv|i|`keij

vrcttsrct ke |crr`|kr`ij rckrnie`ti|`ke |k~irlt |mc CS hklcj kg rcn`keij`ti|`ke%

G`nsrc 4? Tsbei|`keij ec|~krat t|`hsji|cl bp |mc CS hklcj kg rcn`keij`ti|`ke

RLI

jkdij id|krt? hse`d`vij`|`ct*jkdij dmihbcrt* jkdij ENKt*jkdij g`eied`ij iellcwcjkvhce| inced`ct

RLI

RLI

@hvjchce|`en |mc CSt vrc(iddctt`ke itt`t|iedc vrknrihhct `e Tjkwce`i?

|mckrp iel vrid|`dc

Vrcvi ri | ` ke iel `hv jchce | i | ` ke ` e | mck rp

Br`cgjp* `e |mckrp vrcviri|`ke iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc CSt vrc(iddctt`ke itt`t|iedc

vrknrihhct `e Tjkwce`i mit nkec it gkjjk~t% \mc tdkvc iel kwcrijj jcwcj kg gselt grkh

vrc(iddctt`ke itt`t|iedc mit bcce inrccl ~`|m |mc Csrkvcie Dkhh`tt`ke cwcrp pcir% @e

krlcr |k rcdc`wc itt`t|iedc* j`ac k|mcr diel`li|c(dkse|r`ct Tjkwce`i mit mil |k gsjg`j

dcr|i`e dr`|cr`i% Mcedc* Tjkwce`i g`rt| tsbh`||cl tcwcrij t|ri|cn`d lkdshce|t -`%c% |mc

2666(2662 Vrcj`h`eirp Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie gkr VMIRC* |mc 2666(2667 @TVI T|ri|cnp kg

Cew`rkehce|ij iel \rietvkr| @ewct|hce|t* |mc TIVIRL(rcji|cl Tcwce(pcir Rsrij

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Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie iel |mc Ei|`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie gkr 2669(2667* ~m`dm

cedkhvittct |mc |mrcc t|ri|cn`d lkdshce|t)% Kejp |mktc vrkocd|t gijj`en `e|k kec kg |mc

hcitsrct lcg`ecl `e |mc t|ri|cn`ct die dkhvc|c gkr itt`t|iedc% @e ill`|`ke* vrkocd|t

ecclcl |k bc `e j`ec ~`|m |mc dkhh`|hce|t Tjkwce`i hilc `e |mc ecnk|`i|`en vrkdctt%

Gkjjk~`en |mc tsbh`tt`ke kg |mctc t|ri|cn`d lkdshce|t* ~`|m`e |mc tk(dijjcl VMIRCHiein`en Dkhh`||cc ijj lc|i`jt ~crc mirhke`tcl iel |mc G`eied`ij Hchkrielsh t`necl%

Ke |mc bit`t kg |mc G`eied`ij Hchkrielsh |mc Csrkvcie Dkhh`tt`ke mit cetsrcl |mc

inrccl ihkse| kg gsel`en% Vir|`dsjir vrkocd|t ~crc |mce `hvjchce|cl i| |mc

-tsb)ei|`keij jcwcj c`|mcr l`rcd|jp grkh i vir|`dsjir tcd|krij h`e`t|rp kr bp k|mcr

-`hvjchce|`en) inced`ct i| |mc ei|`keij* rcn`keij kr jkdij jcwcjt% Thkk|m `hvjchce|i|`ke

kg |mc vrknrihhc iel vrkocd|t* iel dke|rkj kwcr |mc`r ysij`|p* mit bcce gsr|mcr cetsrcl

bp hke`|kr`en iel cwijsi|`ke vrkdcttct%

G`nsrc

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@ h v jchce |i | ` ke ` e v rid | ` dc ? i ditc t |slp

\m`t tcd|`ke ieijptct |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke vmitc kg |mc vrkocd| Ec~ Bst`ectt

-@egri)T|rsd|srct `e |mc Rkjc kg T|`hsji|`en |mc Cdkekh`d Rct|rsd|sr`en kg Rsrij Ircit `e

|mc Vkhsroc Rcn`ke% \mc vrkocd| ~it dkelsd|cl ~`|m`e |mc grihc~kra kg |mc CSt VMIRCTvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp Vrknrihhc gkr T|rsd|srij Gselt% T`edc |mc hieecr `e ~m`dm vrc(

iddctt`ke i`l `t bc`en `hvjchce|cl `t ie `hvkr|ie| `el`di|kr kg |mc divid`|p kg |mc

iddctt`ke(t|i|ct |k hieinc rcn`keij vkj`dp vkt|(hchbcrtm`v -Jiggie* 2664) @ bcj`cwc `|

`t vir|`dsjirjp ivvrkvr`i|c |k tcjcd| |m`t vrkocd| rcij`tcl ~`|m`e |mc grihc~kra kg |mc

Tvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp Vrknrihhc% Eihcjp* kec kg |mc VMIRC Tvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp

Vrknrihhct hi`e nkijt gkr iddctt`ke(t|i|ct `t |k ni`e c}vcr`cedc iel jcire jcttket `e

|mc lct`ne iel dirrp`en ks| kg i vrknrihhc hklcjjcl ke |mc T|rsd|srij Gselt% \mc

gkjjk~`en ditc t|slp |mcrcgkrc mkect `e ke Tjkwce`it vrcviri|`ket -|mrksnm`hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc vrc(iddctt`ke i`l vrknrihhct) |k vir|`d`vi|c `e CS t|rsd|srij

vkj`dp it i hchbcr(t|i|c grkh 266< ke~irlt* ~`|m |mc hi`e i`h bc`en |k `jjst|ri|c |mc

vrkdcttct kg hsj|`(jcwcj nkwcreiedc iel vir|ecrtm`v ~m`jc chvmit`t`en |mc hkb`j`ti|`ke

kg tsbei|`keij id|krt%

VMIRCt Tvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp Vrknrihhc Gkr T|rsd|srij Gselt

It `|t hi`e i`h* |mc VMIRC Tvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp Vrknrihhc gkr T|rsd|srij Gselt tccat |k

n`wc CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct -`edjsl`en Tjkwce`i) l`rcd| c}vcr`cedc `e |mc kvcri|`en itvcd|t

kg |mc dkedcv|`ke iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg Kbocd|`wc 9(|pvc vrknrihhct dkedcre`en jkdij

lcwcjkvhce| `e i tvcd`g`d zkec kr zkect kg i dkse|rp -dkwcr`en ijj |mc t|rsd|srij gselt)%

@e |m`t dke|c}|* i j`h`|cl eshbcr kg v`jk| id|`ket ~crc `lce|`g`cl iel vrcvircl `e

iddkrliedc ~`|m Kbocd|`wc 9 hc|mklkjknp% \mc id|`ket ~crc `e`|`i|cl ke |mc bit`t kg |mc

Vrcj`h`eirp Ei|`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie* iel ie `e|cnri|cl rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| t|ri|cnp

~`|m`e |mc dke|c}| kg i t|ri|cn`d iel `e|cnri|cl ivvrkidm |k jkdij lcwcjkvhce|% @| ~it

lct`rcl |mi| v`jk| id|`w`|`ct bc dk(g`eiedcl i| vrknrctt`wc ri|ct bp |mc Tjkwce`ie t`lc* sv

|k |mc h`e`hsh Kbocd|`wc 9 dk(g`eied`en ri|c kg 23 vcrdce|% \mctc id|`w`|`ct dkwcrcl

ircit cj`n`bjc gkr |mc t|rsd|srij gselt -c%n% CRLG* CTG* CINNG) iel `edjslcl |mc

`hvjchce|i|`ke kg ec~ vrkocd|t it ~cjj it |mc dk(g`eied`en kg c}`t|`en ei|`keij tdmchct*

~mcrc ivvrkvr`i|c%

\mcrc irc |mrcc dkrc nkijt kg |mc igkrchce|`kecl v`jk| vrkocd|t% G`rt|* |k ni`e c}vcr`cedc

iel jcire jcttket `e |mc lct`ne iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg i vrknrihhc hklcjjcl ke |mc

T|rsd|srij Gselt tk it |k mcjv Tjkwce`i ncecrijjp vrcvirc gkr `|t CS hchbcrtm`v% Tcdkel*

|k id|`wcjp tsvvkr| rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| `e i tpt|chi|`d ~ip iddkrl`en |k |mc kbocd|`wct*

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vr`ed`vjct iel hc|mklt kg |mc Vrcj`h`eirp Ei|`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie% \m`rl* |k vrkw`lc i

bit`t gkr rcdkhhceli|`ket ke |mc lct`ne dpdjc iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg gs|src vkj`dp(

hia`en* `e vir|`dsjir gkr |mc gsjj Ei|`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie% Mcedc* |mc acp i`h kg |mc

V`jk| Id|`ket vrknrihhc mit bcce |k ni`e c}vcr`cedc iel jcire jcttket `e |mc tcjcd|`ke*

lct`ne iel `hvjchce|i|`ke kg i j`h`|cl eshbcr kg vrkocd|t -`e i vrknrihhc dke|c}|)hklcjjcl ke |mc T|rsd|srij Gselt%

\mc vrkocd|? ~mcrc iel ~mp;

\mc tcjcd|cl ditc t|slp ieijptct `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc v`jk| iel lchket|ri|`ke vrkocd|

`ewkjw`en cdkekh`d rct|rsd|sr`en kg |mc rsrij ircit kg Vkhsroc rcn`ke% \mc Vkhsroc

rcn`ke `t |mc b`nnct| inr`dsj|srij rcn`ke iddkrl`en |k Tjkwce`it ES\T(4 jcwcj

djitt`g`di|`ke% @| `t |mc jcit| lcwcjkvcl rcn`ke kg Tjkwce`i iel mit |mc jk~ct| NLV vcrdiv`|i -|mc ri|`k bc|~cce `| iel |mc rcn`ke ~`|m |mc m`nmct| NLV vcr div`|i |mc Dce|rij

Tjkwce`ie rcn`ke `t 6%7?9)% C}dcv| gkr |mc dce|rij irci irksel |mc d`|p kg Hsrtai Tkbk|i

-|mc div`|ij kg |mc Vkhsroc rcn`ke)* `| mit i rsrij dmirid|cr iel inr`dsj|src `t |mc hi`e

cdkekh`d id|`w`|p% It i rctsj|* |mc tmirc kg girhcrt `t wcrp m`nm -|mrcc |`hct m`nmcr |mie

|mc ei|`keij iwcrinc? Vkhsroc rcn`ke 26%< vcrdce|* Tjkwce`i >%< vcrdce|)* ~mcrcit

ijhkt| 26 vcrdce| kg ijj okbt `e |mc rcn`ke irc `e |mc inr`dsj|srij tcd|kr% Hkrckwcr* `e

hkrc |mie mijg kg |mc rcn`ket hse`d`vij`|`ct |mc tmirc kg |mctc okbt rcidmct 3 vcrdce|* kg ijj okbt% \mc rcn`ket inr`dsj|srij id|`w`|p `thkt|jp kr`ce|cl |k |mc vrklsd|`ke kg |ril`|`keij vrknrihhct -~mci|* dkre* h`ja* di||jc

iel v`n brccl`en c|d%)% I| |mc tihc |`hc* hkt| girht irc wcrp thijj -4(3 mcd|irct kg

jiel) iel* dketcysce|jp* ek| wcrp dkhvc|`|`wc% \mc rcn`ke ijtk tsggcrt grkh jirnc(tdijc

sechvjkphce|* ctvcd`ijjp lsc |k |mc jida kg ij|crei|`wc chvjkphce| vktt`b`j`|`ct `e rsrij

ircit -i jibksr tsrvjst `e |mc inr`dsj|src tcd|kr* kejp i gc~ okbt `e tsvvjchce|irp

tcd|krt `e girht* ~mcrcit |mc tcrw`dc tcd|kr `e |mc Vkhsroc rcn`ke `t vir|`dsjirjp selcr(

lcwcjkvcl)% G`eijjp* bcdistc dcr|i`e ecni|`wc lchknrivm`d |rcelt -i wcrp kjl vkvsji|`ke*

m`nm ch`nri|`ke ri|c gkr pksen vckvjc* ecni|`wc vkvsji|`ke nrk~|m `e ncecrij) `e |mc

Vkhsroc rcn`ke irc ~cjj ibkwc |mc ei|`keij iwcrinc |mc rcn`ke hip bc dmirid|cr`tcl it

ie irci kg jken(|crh lcvkvsji|`ke% T|`jj* lctv`|c |m`t* |mc rcn`ke t`hsj|ieckstjp mit |mc

`hinc kg ie cdkjkn`dijjp ~cjj(vrctcrwcl irci ~mktc vrklsd|t irc stsijjp lctdr`bcl it

nces`ec mkhc(hilc* mcij|mp c|d% @e |mc gs|src* `| `t c}id|jp |m`t a`el kg `hinc |mi|

dksjl bcdkhc i nkkl bit`t iel kvvkr|se`|p gkr |ril`en |mc rcn`ket gkkl vrklsd|t ~`|m

m`nmcr wijsc illcl iel selcr `|t k~e |rilchira kr dke|rkjjcl kr`n`e jibcjj`en%

@e tshhirp* |mc hi`e i`ht kg ieijptcl vrkocd|24 die bc rclsdcl |k |mrcc? g`rt|* |k

ceibjc ec~ vrklsd|`ke gkrht `e |mc inr`dsj|src tvmcrc |mrksnm |mc stc kg rcec~ij cecrnp

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tksrdct -|mcrhij ~i|cr)%2< Tcdkel* |k t|`hsji|c ie ce|rcvrcecsr`ij ivvrkidm ~`|m`e |mc

tvmcrc kg inr`dsj|src%23 \m`rl* |k ni`e ta`jjt iel c}vcr`cedc `e |mc lct`ne iel

`hvjchce|i|`ke kg T|rsd|srij Gsel(|pvc vrknrihhct iel vrkocd|t `e |mc rcn`ke |mi|

dke|r`bs|c |k lcwcjkvhce| kg |mc rcn`ke iel `|t vkvsji|`ke* it ~cjj it |k l`ttch`ei|`en

|mc vrkocd|t c}vcr`cedct iel aek~(mk~ |k k|mcr rcn`ket `e Tjkwce`i%

@hvjchce|i|`ke

\mc `hvjchce|i|`ke vmitc kg |mc vrkocd| Ec~ Bst`ectt -@egri)T|rsd|srct `e |mc Rkjc kg

T|`hsji|`en |mc Cdkekh`d Rct|rsd|sr`en kg Rsrij Ircit `e |mc Vkhsroc Rcn`ke ncecri|cl

i hsj|`(jcwcj `hvjchce|i|`ke ec|~kra* `edjsl`en `hvjchce|`en vir|ecrt grkh |mc CS*

ei|`keij iel tsb(ei|`keij jcwcjt%

\mc acp `hvjchce|`en vir|ecr i| |mc CS jcwcj ~it |mc Csrkvcie Dkhh`tt`ke% @| vrkw`lcl

|mc VMIRC rctksrdct ecclcl selcr |mc Tvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp Vrknrihhc gkr dirrp`en ks|

|mc v`jk| vrkocd|t% Rctksrdct ~crc dmieecjjcl |mrksnm |mc Ei|`keij Gsel ilh`e`t|crcl bp

|mc Dce|rij G`eied`ij Dke|rid|`en Se`|% \mrksnmks| |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke vmitc* |mc

Dkhh`tt`ke ~it `egkrhcl kg |mc vrknrctt iel l`rcd| iel `el`rcd| -ctvcd`ijjp jcire`en)

cggcd|t kg |mc vrkocd|% @e ill`|`ke* CS id|krt ijtk vjipcl i wcrp `hvkr|ie| rkjc `e n`w`en

|cdme`dij itt`t|iedc |k bk|m ei|`keij iel rcn`keij id|krt% \cdme`dij Itt`t|iedc ~it

kggcrcl bp |mc Ec|mcrjielt Cdkekh`d @et|`|s|c Rcn`keij iel Srbie Lcwcjkvhce| -EC@)*iel \~`ee`en Vir|ecrt grkh @rcjiel* Ncrhiep iel Nrci| Br`|i`e% \cdme`dij itt`t|iedc mil

ijrcilp bcce kggcrcl `e |mc vrcviri|krp vmitc kg |mc v`jk| vrkocd|* bs| ~it vir|`dsjirjp

`e|cetc `e |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke vmitc ctvcd`ijjp `e `|t |ri`e`en dkhvkece| iel `e |mc g`cjl

kg kvcri|`en nkkl g`eied`ij hieinchce| iel dke|rkj tpt|cht% Hkrc tvcd`g`dijjp* |cdme`dij

itt`t|iedc `e |mc vrkocd|t `hvjchce|i|`ke t|inc `edjslcl |mc gkjjk~`en hi`e |itat?

g`eij`ti|`ke kg `hvjchce|i|`ke irrienchce|t1 itt`t|iedc `e |mc cjibkri|`ke kg i vrkocd|

~kra(vjie1 ct|ibj`tmhce| kg i hke`|kr`en tpt|ch1 itt`t|iedc `e VMIRC vrkdclsrct -c%n%

|celcr`en)1 `hvid| ittctthce| i| |mc vrkocd| jcwcj1 krnie`ti|`ke kg |ri`e`en -vrkocd|

hieinchce|* cwijsi|`ke)1 krnie`ti|`ke kg ~kratmkvt iel tch`eirt1 iel

rcdkhhceli|`ket ke |mc rcw`t`ke kg inr`dsj|srij vkj`dp iel `|t vrid|`dct%

Id|krt i| |mc Tjkwce`ie ei|`keij jcwcj `ewkjwcl `e vrkocd| `hvjchce|i|`ke `edjslcl? |mc

EIRL* |mc H`e`t|rp kg |mc Cdkekhp* |mc H`e`t|rp kg |mc Inr`dsj|src* Gkrct|rp iel Gkkl*

iel |mc H`e`t|rp kg G`eiedc% It |mc hiein`en iel dke|rid|`en is|mkr`|p* |mc EIRL ~it

rctvket`bjc gkr vrkocd| dke|rid|`en ~`|m vrkocd| `hvjchce|crt* |mc celkrt`en kg vrknrctt

rcvkr|t iel viphce|t* iel |mc tcdsr`en kg dk(g`eied`en irrienchce|t ig|cr miw`en bcce

inrccl bp |mc id|krt `ewkjwcl% \mc H`e`t|rp kg G`eiedc -iel* ~`|m`e `|* |mc hce|`kecl

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Ei|`keij Gsel iel |mc Dce|rij G`eied`ij Dke|rid|`en Se`|) ~it rctvket`bjc gkr dke|rkjj`en

|mc `egjk~ kg itt`t|iedc* gkr |mc g`eied`ij hieinchce| kg CS g`eied`ij itt`t|iedc* iel gkr

dk(krl`ei|`en CS gselt ~`|m lkhct|`d gselt% Bk|m tcd|krij h`e`t|r`ct -|mc H`e`t|rp kg |mc

Cdkekhp iel |mc H`e`t|rp kg |mc Inr`dsj|src* Gkrct|rp iel Gkkl) |kka ke |mc acp rkjc `e

dk(g`eied`en |mc vrkocd| it ~cjj it `|t id|sij `hvjchce|i|`ke iel hke`|kr`en%

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G`eijjp* |mc tsbei|`keij ec|~kra(jcwcj `edjslcl |mc RLI Hsri* |mc Lcwcjkvhce| Incedp

T`ecrn`oi* |mc Hkriwtac \kvj`dc Hse`d`vij`|p* |mc Tvi Hkriwtac \kvj`dc* iel |mc

inr`dsj|srij dkhb`ec Ria`die% \mc RLI Hsri ~it |mc dk(krl`ei|kr kg |mc vrcviri|`ke iel

lcwcjkvhce| kg |mc vrkvktcl vrkocd|% @e ill`|`ke* `| ~it ijtk |mc hi`e dke|rid|kr ~`|m

|mc EIRL% \mc jkdij Lcwcjkvhce| Incedp T`ecrn`oi* |knc|mcr ~`|m RLI Hsri |kka kerctvket`b`j`|p gkr vrkocd| hieinchce|% \mc Hse`d`vij`|p Hkriwtac \kvj`dc ~it |mc

`e`|`i|kr iel tsbh`||cr kg |mc vrkocd|* `|t `ewct|kr iel dk(g`eiedcr* iel ijtk |mc l`rcd|

bcecg`d`irp% @e ill`|`ke* |mc Hse`d`vij`|p ijtk nsirie|ccl |mc vrkw`t`ke kg |mc g`eiedc

ecclcl gkr |mc vrkocd|t rcij`ti|`ke iel vrkw`lcl br`ln`en g`eied`en gkr tkhc vrkocd|

vmitct |k cetsrc `hvjchce|i|`ke iddkrl`en |k |mc tc| lcilj`ect% \mc tvi Hkriwtac

\kvj`dc dke|r`bs|cl |mc r`nm| |k grccjp stc |mcrhij iel tvr`en ~i|crt ~`|mks| iep |`hc

j`h`|* ~mcrcit |mc Ria`die inr`dsj|srij dkhb`ec dke|r`bs|cl |mc jkdi|`ke -jiel) gkr |mc

ct|ibj`tmhce| kg nrccemkstct% Tkhc `el`w`lsij id|`w`|`ct i| rcn`keij jcwcj ~crcselcr|iace bp k|mcr vrkocd| vir|ecrt* iel gkr tkhc id|`w`|`ct i vsbj`d |celcr ~it

jisedmcl |k tcjcd| i tsb(dke|rid|kr%

\mc vrkocd|t `hvjchce|i|`ke ~it tsvcrw`tcl bp |mc Vrkocd| T|ccr`en Dkhh`||cc% \mc

T|ccr`en Dkhh`||cc ~it i hke`|kr`en bklp |mi| hilc t|ri|cn`d lcd`t`ket ibks| |mc

vrkocd|* hke`|krcl |mc vrknrctt iel niwc tsvvkr| `e chcrn`en vrkbjcht% \mc T|ccr`en

Dkhh`||cc* bct`lct rcvrctce|i|`wct kg |mc Csrkvcie Dkhh`tt`ke Lcjcni|`ke `e Tjkwce`i*

ijtk `edjslcl rcvrctce|i|`wct kg ijj acp Tjkwce`ie -ei|`keij iel tsbei|`keij) vir|ecrt `e|mc vrkocd|%

\mc vr`hirp i`h kg ieijptcl vrkocd| ~it |k ni`e c}vcr`cedct `e |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke kg

T|rsd|srij Gsel vrknrihhct iel vrkocd|t% Mcrc* ie `hvkr|ie| vr`ed`vjc `t tsbt`l`ir`|p*

hcie`en |mi| jkdij iel rcn`keij id|krt tmksjl `hvjchce| vrkocd|t iel vrknrihhct

~mcecwcr |mcp irc ibjc |k lk tk% @e |m`t rctvcd|* |mc Hse`d`vij`|p Hkriwtac \kvj`dc* `e

dkkvcri|`ke ~`|m RLI Hsri* tsbh`||cl |mc vrkocd|* gksel jkdij vir|ecrt* |mcp |knc|mcr

brksnm| `e |mc vrkocd| |mc`r tmirc kg |mc rcji|cl g`eiedct* iel ~crc rctvket`bjc gkr

`hvjchce|`en |mc vrkocd|% @e|crct|`enjp* jkdij vrkocd| `hvjchce|crt iel bcecg`d`ir`ct

~crc |k i jirnc c}|ce| id|sijjp |mc tihc% I| tsbei|`keij jcwcj* |mc hi`e gkdij vk`e| ~it

RLI Hsri it |mc hi`e dkkrl`ei|kr kg |mc vrkocd| iel dke|rid|kr ~`|m |mc EIRL -`%c% |mc

hi`e gkdij vk`e| i| |mc ei|`keij jcwcj)% @e |m`t ~ip* RLI Hsri ~it i dce|rij j`ea ~`|m

ei|`keij iel CS id|krt% Ij|mksnm tsbei|`keij id|krt vjipcl t`ne`g`die| rkjc* |mcp ~crc

mciw`jp lcvcelce| ke ei|`keij iel CS id|krt% V`wk|ij rkjc ~it `e |mc mielt kg |mc

ei|`keij(jcwcj -nkwcrehce|ij) id|krt iel |mc Dkhh`tt`ke% \mcp id|sijjp ceokpcl i

hkekvkjp `e |mc rctksrdct |mi| mkjl |knc|mcr |mc ec|~kra%

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Dkedjsl`en rchirat

@e |m`t vivcr* @ miwc `e`|`ijjp kggcrcl ie ieijp|`dij grihc~kra gkr selcrt|iel`en |mc

ks|dkhct kg lkhct|`d dmienct `e rctvketc |k |mc vrkdcttct kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel

rcn`keij`ti|`ke% Tcdkel* @ miwc tksnm| ~mi| miwc bcce |mc `hvid|t kg ks|dkhct kg`ewct|`ni|cl vrkdcttct ke |mc rkjc kg tsbei|`keij id|krt `e Tjkwce`i it |mc CS iddctt`ke(

t|i|c% @ miwc |rci|cl bk|m Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke it c}vjiei|krp wir`ibjct

kg lkhct|`d `et|`|s|`keij iel vkj`dp dmienct `e rctvcd| kg |mc hieinchce| iel

`hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc T|rsd|srij Gselt `e CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct% Iddkrl`enjp* |mc vivcr

~it bitcl ke ncecrijjp a`el kg |r`w`ij bs| `e |mc dke|c}| kg CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct

dmijjcen`en vrkvkt`|`ke |mi| ks|dkhct kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke vrkdcttct

`e CS iddctt`ke(t|i|ct t|iel gkr |mc chcrncedc kg l`ggcrce| |pvct kg vkj`dp ec|~krat%

Mcrc* |mc ec~ `et|`|s|`keij`th dcr|i`ejp tccht |k bc mcjvgsj `e c}vji`e`en ks|dkhct kgCsrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke vrkdcttct%

\mc ieijpt`t rcwcijcl |mc chcrncedc kg wir`kst |pvct kg ec|~krat it i rctsj| kg

Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke vrkdcttct% G`rt|* vrkdcttct kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke*

gkjjk~`en |mc CS viril`nhi|`d t|rsd|srij hklcj miwc jcl |k |mc ct|ibj`tmhce| kg

ilh`e`t|cr`en t|rsd|srij ec|~kra% Nrilsijjp* |m`t ec|~kra mit cwkjwcl |k i rcji|`wcjp

t|ibjc iel `et|`|s|`keij`tcl ircei* ~mi| `t `e vir|`dsjir `hvkr|ie| grkh |mc w`c~vk`e| |mi|

|mc `et|`|s|`keij iel vkj`|`dij cew`rkehce| gkr rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| `e jit| lcdilc `eTjkwce`i ~it wcrp set|ibjc% I| jit|* |mc Hiein`en Is|mkr`|p mit g`eijjp ct|ibj`tmcl g`rhjp

`e i ec~ Nkwcrehce| Kgg`dc gkr T|rsd|srij Vkj`dp iel Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce|% @e |mc

ec|~kra* id|krt |cel |k tmirc t`h`jir kbocd|`wct* dkhhke `e|crvrc|i|`ket kg vrkbjcht*

iel tcca |mc `et|rshce|t bct| ts`|cl gkr tkjw`en |mch% Mk~cwcr* |m`t ec|~kra `t ys`|c

dce|rij`tcl i| |mc ei|`keij jcwcj* ~mcrc dce|rij rkjc kg hiein`en iel `hvjchce|`en |mc

t|rsd|srij vkj`dp j`ct ~`|m`e kec dce|rij `et|`|s|`ke gkr dk(krl`ei|`ke vsrvktct -Hiein`en

Is|mkr`|p)* iel kec t`enjc Vip`en Is|mkr`|p% \m`t t`|si|`ke `t dkenrsce| ~`|m dsrrce|

|crr`|kr`ij krnie`ti|`ke* eihcjp |mc ibtcedc kg tcjg(nkwcre`en* is|kekhkst rcn`ket it

vkj`|`dij(ilh`e`t|ri|`wc ce|`|`ct ~`|m |mc`r k~e bslnc|`en% Kejp iddctt gkr tsbei|`keij

id|krt |k |mc ec|~kra `t |mrksnm |mc RLIt* ittkd`i|`ket |mi| mcjv vjie rcn`keij

lcwcjkvhce| vrknrihhct it ~cjj it Ei|`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vjie% Grkh i tsbei|`keij

vcrtvcd|`wc* jkdij id|krt irc |mst hkt| `hvkr|ie| it hcl`i|krt kg aek~jclnc ibks| jkdij

iel rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| vrkbjcht%

Tcdkel* bk|m vrkdcttct kg Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel rcn`keij`ti|`ke `e dkedcr| t|`hsji|cl

dkkvcri|`ke ihken tsbei|`keij id|krt -ibkwc ijj hse`d`vij`|`ct)* ~`|m RLIt it j`ea`en

-g)id|krt% \mc ks|dkhct kg t`hsj|ieckst vrkdcttct irc vivcr rcn`ket iel chcrncedc kg

2>

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tsbei|`keij ec|~krat% Kwcr |mc jit| lcdilc `e|cr(hse`d`vij dkkvcri|`ke `e Tjkwce`i mil

bcce wcrp vkkr* `rrctvcd|`wc kg |mc -bk||kh(sv) dket|`|s|`keij vktt`b`j`|p kg gkrh`en

rcn`ket% Eihcjp* vr`kr |k |mc Tjkwce`it vir|`d`vi|`ke `e vrc(iddctt`ke itt`t|iedc

vrknrihhct* kgg`d`ijjp rcdkne`zcl rcn`ket l`l ek| c}`t| `e Tjkwce`i% @e i hi||cr kg gid|*

|mcp t|`jj lk ek| c}`t|% Bs| |mc CS hklcj kg rcn`keij`ti|`ke `e|rklsdcl ysit` rcn`ket% Ittsdm* `| mit ijtk bcce ie c}kncekst gid|kr kg t|`hsji|`en dkkvcri|`ke bc|~cce jkdij

dkhhse`|`ct it ~cjj it k|mcr tsbei|`keij id|krt `e Tjkwce`i%

\m`rl* `hvjchce|i|`ke kg |mc ieijptcl vrkocd| mit c}vktcl hsj|`(jcwcj vkj`dp ec|~kra

~`|m v`wk|ij rkjc kg ei|`keij -nkwcrehce|ij) id|krt iel |mc Dkhh`tt`ke% \mc vrkocd| ~it

ri|mcr `hvjchce|cl `e i ys`|c r`|sij`tcl iel tphbkj`d ~ip* gi`j`en |k c}cr| tst|i`eibjc

`egjscedc ke `hvjchce|i|`ke rctsj|% \m`t ~it vir|`ijjp |mc rctsj| kg i gid| |mi| |mc vr`hirp

i`h kg |mc vrkocd| ~it |k ni`e c}vcr`cedct `e |mc `hvjchce|i|`ke kg T|rsd|srij Gselvrknrihhct iel vrkocd|t% ^`|m`e c}`t|`en rcji|`ket iel vk~cr t|rsd|srct* tsbei|`keij

id|krt* ij|mksnm |mcp ~crc i dkhvkece| iel `el`tvcetibjc vir| kg |mc vrkocd|t

`hvjchce|i|`ke vmitc* jidacl |mc divid`|p |k vjip i v`wk|ij rkjc tk |mcp ri|mcr ost|

vjipcl |mc Dkhh`tt`ke iel ei|`keij(jcwcj id|krt nihc%

G`eijjp* dkelsd|cl ieijpt`t irnsct |mc chvjkphce| kg tsbei|`keij id|krt `e CS rcn`keij

vkj`dp vrkdctt `e |mc ditc kg Tjkwce`i* bs| ek| ijtk |mc chvk~crhce| kg tsbei|`keij

id|krt% Hi`e rcitke gkr |m`t `t |mc ibtcedc kg tcjg(nkwcre`en* is|kekhkst rcn`ket itvkj`|`dij(ilh`e`t|ri|`wc ce|`|`ct ~`|m |mc`r k~e bslnc|`en% \mc RLIt it acp id|krt i|

rcn`keij jcwcj irc `e ncecrij t|`jj wcrp gri`j* g`eied`ijjp ~cia ~`|m j`h`|cl iwi`jib`j`|p kg

ta`jjcl t|igg* iel jida`en c}vcr`cedct `e `hvjchce|`en vrkocd|t* vir|`dsjirjp ~`|m`e i

vrknrihhc dke|c}|% J`h`|cl gselt iel t|igg i| |mc rcn`keij jcwcj `t ijtk kec kg |mc hi`e

iel vcrhiece|jp vrctce| Dkhh`tt`ket dr`|`d`th% \mcrc ijtk c}`t|t ys`|c t`ne`g`die|

wirp`en jcwcjt i| ~m`dm |mc RLIt irc tsvvkr|cl bp |mc hse`d`vij`|`ct* `e vir|`dsjir bp

jkdij vkj`|`d`iet iel Hipkrt% \mc grinhce|i|`ke kg hse`d`vij`|`ct lsr`en |mc jit| lcdilc

mit ijtk jcl |k |mc ~cia g`eied`ij t`|si|`ke kg hse`d`vij`|`ct* rctsj|`en `e j`h`|cl jkdij

bslnc|t gkr vsbj`d dk(g`eied`en |mi| irc iwi`jibjc% It ~cjj* |mc r`ta div`|ij grkh jkdij

vr`wi|c dk(g`eied`en vktt`b`j`|`ct `t ri|mcr lcvr`wcl% Iepmk~* hi`e vrkbjch rchi`et |mc

jida kg c}vcr`cedct ~`|m rcn`keij lcwcjkvhce| |m`ea`en ~`|m`e hse`d`vij`|`ct `e i tcetc

kg |m`ea jkdijjp* id| jkdijjp `et|cil kg |m`ea rcn`keijjp* id| jkdijjp%

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Rcgcrcedct

Iltmcil* H% -2662)* Dkedcv|sij`t`en Csrkvcie`ti|`ke? Vkj`dp Ec|~krat iel Drktt(

Ei|`keij Dkhvir`tke* Vsbj`d Vkj`dp iel Ilh`e`t|ri|`ke* 9>-2)* vv% 23(

nm* I% -2664)*Ie|`d`vi|krp iel Iliv|`wc Csrkvcie`zi|`ke `e Msenirp-Bslivct|?

Msenir`ie Dce|rc gkr Lchkdridp T|sl`ct)%

Ielcrtke* O% O% -9006)? Tacv|`dij Rcgjcd|`ket ke i Csrkvc kg Rcn`ket? Br`|i`e* Ncrhiep*

iel |mc CRLG*Oksreij kg Vsbj`d Vkj`dp* 96* vv% (%

Ietcjj* A% D%* Virtket* I% D%* iel Lirlce* I% A% -900>)? Lsij Ec|~krat `e Csrkvcie

Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vkj`dp*Oksreij kg Dkhhke Hirac| T|sl`ct* 43-4)* vv% 4(>3%

Irht|rken* ^% M% -2669)? \mc Rkjc iel Cwkjs|`ke kg Csrkvcie Dkhhse`|p Rcn`keijVkj`dp* `e? B% Okect* iel H% Aci|`en -clt%)* \mc Csrkvcie Se`ke iel |mc Rcn`ket

-K}gkrl? Djircelke Vrctt)* vv% 24(73%

Bidmc* @% -900=)? \mc Vkj`|`dt kg Csrkvcie Se`ke Rcn`keij Vkj`dp -Tmcgg`cjl? Idilch`d

Vrctt)%

Bidmc* @% -9000)? \mc C}|celcl Ni|caccvcr? Dce|rij Nkwcrehce| iel |mc

@hvjchce|i|`ke kg CD Rcn`keij Vkj`dp `e |mc CS* Oksreij kg Csrkvcie Vsbj`d Vkj`dp*

7-9)* vv% 2=((=6%

20

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Brst`t* H% -2664)? Rcn`keij`ti|`ke `e |mc Dzcdm iel Tjkwia Rcvsbj`dt? Dkhvir`en |mc

@egjscedc kg |mc Csrkvcie Se`ke* `e H% Aci|`en* iel O% Msnmct -clt%)* \mc Rcn`keij

Dmijjcenc `e Dce|rij iel Cit|cre Csrkvc% \crr`|kr`ij Rct|rsd|sr`en iel Csrkvcie

@e|cnri|`ke -Brsttcjt? V%@%C%)* vv% =0(967%

Dket|`|s|`ke kg |mc Rcvsbj`d kg Tjkwce`i* Srile` j`t| Rcvsbj`ac Tjkwce`oc* Josbjoiei* 9004%Dkezcjhiee* \% -900=)? .Csrkvcie`ti|`ke kg Rcn`keij Lcwcjkvhce| Vkj`d`ct; J`ea`en |mc

Hsj|`(Jcwcj Nkwcreiedc Ivvrkidm ~`|m \mckr`ct kg Vkj`dp Jcire`en iel Vkj`dp Dmienc*

Csrkvcie @e|cnri|`ke kej`ec Vivcrt -C@kV)* 2-4%

kacr|* I% -900=)? Eit|ioieoc ziakei k vkario`eim* `e D% R`b`` -cl%)* Rcn`keij`zch w

Tjkwce`o`? zbkre`a-Josbjoiei? Srile` j`t| RT)* vv? 9(30%Lc Rpeda* T%* iel HdIjciwcp* V% -2669)? \mc dkmct`ke lcg`d`| `e T|rsd|srij Gsel vkj`dp*

Oksreij kg Csrkvcie Vsbj`d Vkj`dp* =-

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Mkknmc* J%* iel Hirat* N% -2669)? .Hsj|`(Jcwcj Nkwcreiedc iel Csrkvcie @e|cnri|`ke.

-Jiemih* Bksjlcr* Ec~ Pkra* K}gkrl? Rk~hie ' J`||jcg`cjl Vsbj`tmcrt* @ed%)%

Msnmct* O%* Tittc* N%* iel Nkrlke D% -2664)* CS Cejirnchce|* Csrkvcie`ti|`ke iel |mc

Lpeih`dt kg Rcn`keij`ti|`ke `e |mc DCCDt* `e H% Aci|`en* iel O% Msnmct -clt%)* \mc

Rcn`keij Dmijjcenc `e Dce|rij iel Cit|cre Csrkvc% \crr`|kr`ij Rct|rsd|sr`en iel

Csrkvcie @e|cnri|`ke -Brsttcjt? V%@%C%)* vv% 70(==%

Okect* B%* iel Aci|`en* H% -2669)? \mc Csrkvcie Se`ke iel |mc Rcn`ket -K}gkrl?

Djircelke Vrctt)%

Aitt`h* M% -900-%

Aci|`en* H% -900=)? \mc ec~ rcn`keij`th `e ^ct|cre Csrkvc? |crr`|kr`ij rct|rsd|sr`en iel

vkj`|`dij dmienc -Dmcj|cemih iel Ekr|mihv|ke? C% Cjnir)%

Aci|`en* H% -2669)? Csrkvcie`th iel Rcn`keij`th* `e B% Okect* iel H% Aci|`en -cl%)*\mc Csrkvcie Se`ke iel |mc Rcn`ket -K}gkrl? Djircelke Vrctt)* vv% 9(22%

Aj`oe* C% M%* iel Akvvceoie* G% H% O% -2666)? Vsbj`d Hieinchce| iel Vkj`dp Ec|~krat%

Gkseli|`ket kg i ec|~kra ivvrkidm |k nkwcreiedc* Vsbj`d Hieinchce|* 2-2)* vv%

943(3=%

Akmjcr(Akdm* B% -2662)? Csrkvcie Ec|~krat iel @lcit? Dmien`en Ei|`keij Vkj`d`ct;*

Csrkvcie @e|cnri|`ke kej`ec Vivcrt -C`kV)* 7-7)%

Ast|cd* T%* 2666* Tvrchchbc vkj`dp khrcoi `e eo`mkw wvj`w ei vkj`|`ac* \ckr`oi `e

vriati 4>-3)* vv% ==

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Ecnk|`i|`en Vkt`|`ket kg |mc Rcvsbj`d kg Tjkwce`i gkr Ecnk|`i|`ket ke Iddctt`ke |k |mc

Csrkvcie Se`ke% \mc Nkwcrehce| Kgg`dc gkr Csrkvcie Iggi`rt* Josbjoiei* 2666%

Kjtce* O% V% -2664)* Csrkvcie`zi|`ke* `e D`e`* H%* Csrkvcie Se`ke Vkj`|`dt -K}gkrl* Ec~

Pkra? K}gkrl Se`wcrt`|p Vrctt)* vv% 444(

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Rcnsjir Rcvkr| grkh |mc Dkhh`tt`ke ke Tjkwce`i.t vrknrctt |k~irlt iddctt`ke* Brsttcjt*

2669

Rc`dm* T% -2666)? \mc Gksr Gidct kg @et|`|s|`keij`th? Vsbj`d Vkj`dp iel i Vjsrij`t|`d

Vcrtvcd|`wc* Nkwcreiedc? Ie @e|crei|`keij Oksreij kg Vkj`dp iel Ilh`e`t|ri|`ke*

94-(=>%

Rmklct* R% I% ^% -2664)? Selcrt|iel`en Nkwcreiedc% Vkj`dp Ec|~krat* Rcgjc}`w`|p iel

Iddkse|ib`j`|p-Hi`lcemcil* Vm`jilcjvm`i? Kvce Se`wcrt`|p Vrctt)%

R`b``* D% -900=)? _i rcn`keij`zch `e zbkr vkario`e* `e D% R`b`` -cl%)* Rcn`keij`zch w

Tjkwce`o`? zbkre`a-Josbjoiei? Srile` j`t| RT)* vv% 99(42%R`ttc* \%* Dk~jct* H% N%* iel O% Divkritk -2669)? Csrkvcie`zi|`ke iel Lkhct|`d

Dmienc? @e|rklsd|`ke* `e? H% N% Dk~jct* O% Divkritk* iel \% R`ttc -clt%)*

\rietgkrh`en Csrkvc% Csrkvcie`zi|`ke iel Lkhct|`d Dmienc -@|midi* Jkelke? Dkrecjj

Se`wcrt`|p Vrctt)* vv% 9(26%

Thprj* C% H% -900>)? Lkct Csrkvcie Dkhhse`|p Rcn`keij Vkj`dp Chvk~cr |mc Rcn`ket;

Nkwcreiedc? Ie @e|crei|`keij Oksreij kg Vkj`dp iel Ilh`e`t|ri|`ke* 96-4)* vv% 2=>(

460%

Tvcd`ij Vrcviri|krp Vrknrihhc gkr |mc T|rsd|srij Gselt `e Tjkwce`i* VMIRC Tcrw`dcDke|rid| Eshbcr TJ(0=6

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h`lkwe`a* O% -900=)? Lknriocwieoc st|iwec zitekwc rcn`keij`zhi* `e? D% R`b`` -cl%)*

Rcn`keij`zch w Tjkwce`o`? zbkre`a-Josbjoiei? Srile` j`t| RT)* vv% 9

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kg |mc Dkhh`||cc kg Rcn`ket% Ij|mksnm tkhc is|mkrt miwc tdcv|`dijjp rctvkelcl |k tsdm `lcitibks| |mc Csrkvc kg Rcn`ket -Ielcrtke 9006) ~m`jc k|mcrt inrcc |mi| |mc ~mkjc ek|`ke kg i Csrkvckg Rcn`ket bcjkent hkrc |k |mc tvmcrc kg vir|`tie lcbi|c kg idilch`d ieijpt`t -Thprj 900>* 209)*|mc gid| rchi`et |mi| i| |mi| |`hc rcn`ket chcrncl it |mc |m`rl `et|`|s|`keij jcwcj -nm 2664* 993)%@e |m`t ~ip Csrkvc mit kvcecl sv |crr`|kr`ij vkj`|`dt |k ec~ `egjscedct ~`|m |mc dketcyscedc |mi|

rcn`keij vkj`|`dt miwc bcdkhc `edrcit`enjp Csrkvcie`tcl* ~m`jc ei|`keij vkj`|`dt miwc bcdkhc bk|mCsrkvcie`tcl iel rcn`keij`tcl -Aci|`en 900=* 23)%= \mc hsj|`(jcwcj nkwcreiedc hklcj rcj`ct ke |mrcc acp vrctshv|`ket it |k |mc vrkdcttct iggcd|`enCS hchbcr(t|i|ct iel |mc`r tsvri( iel tsb(ei|`keij jcwcjt? i) tsb(ei|`keij nkwcrehce|t irc ekjkencr j`h`|cl |k lpil`d vkj`|`dij rcji|`ket ~`|m ei|`keij t|i|c id|krt -Mkknmc iel Hirat 2669* =9)*tk |mcp irc ek~ tcce it nkwcrehce|ij jcwcjt kg `hvkr|iedc ec}| |k |mc ei|`keij iel Csrkvciejcwcjt1 b) tsb(ei|`keij is|mkr`ti|`ke `t tcce it i vrkdctt |mi| `t ek| rcvjid`en ei|`keij t|i|ct-Mkknmc 9007b* 9=)1 iel d) Csrkvcie(jcwcj id|krt miwc ie `elcvcelce| rkjc `e |mc CSt vkj`dp(hia`en vrkdctt -Hirat c| ij% 9007* 4 Acp ysct|`ket `ewkjw`en |mc vkj`|`dij(ilh`e`t|ri|`wc rcn`keij`ti|`ke kg Tjkwce`i irc it gkjjk~t? 9)tmksjl `| rcjp ke |mc kjl |ril`|`keij ilh`e`t|ri|`wc se`|t1 2) tmksjl `| lcr`wc grkh |mc rcdce|

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ilh`e`t|ri|`wc tpt|ch1 4) tmksjl `| tsvvkr| thijjcr kr jirncr ilh`e`t|ri|`wc se`|t1