European wide field trials for residential fuel cell micro CHP · Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (fifth...

European‐wide field trials for residential fuel cell micro‐CHP

Ene.field ‐ "The findings of a recent regulations codes and standards report“

Massimo Santarelli, Politecnico di Torino (IT)

HANNOVER MESSE 2014April 9th, 2014 – 3:00 3:30 pm

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union´s 7th Framework Programme (FP7/2007‐2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking Technology Initiative under Grant Agreement Number 303462.

Agenda

1. Brief presentation of the project

2. Overview of FC m CHP technology and its benefits

3. Technology deployed under ene.field

4. Energy and economic benefits of the adoption of FC‐based microCHP

5. Notes on RC&S situation in EU for FC‐based microCHPinstallation

6. Notes on Energy Labeling

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Introduction to ene.field

• ene.field is the largest European demonstration of the latest smart energy solution for private homes, fuel cell micro‐CHP.

• It will deploy up to 1,000 Fuel Cell heating systems in 12 key European member states.

• Project duration of 5 years. Systems will be demonstrated for 2 to 3 years.

• Outputs of the project include: Detailed performance data, lifecycle cost and environmental assessments, market analysis, commercialisation strategy.

Countries where units are currently expected to be installed

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The consortium brings together 26 partners including:

• the leading European FC micro‐CHP developers,

• leading European utilities,

• leading research institutes,

• partners in charge of dissemination and coordination of the project.

ene.field is a European platform for FC mCHP

The Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (FCH JU) is committing c. €26 million to ene.field under the EU's 7th

Framework Programme for funding research and development.

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Fuel Cell micro Combined Heat and Power systems (FC mCHP)

System description

• Produce both heat and electricity for a building using a single fuel. Primarily produces electricity with heat being produced as a by‐product.

• Well suited to the retrofit market and compatible with new build properties.

• Noise and vibration free source of power.

• Low local emissions

Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (fifth edition), EG&G Services Parsons, Inc., 2000. and Fundamental physics and chemistry of direct electrochemical oxidation in SOFC (see www.ene.field.eu)

When heat demand is too large for the system the peak demand boiler will switch on and provide heat. This peak demand boiler operates like a

conventional gas boiler.

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A growing market and interest for FC mCHP

Type of support Country

Tax support Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain, UK.

Feed‐in‐tariff Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain, UK.

Certificate scheme Belgium.

Capital grant Italy, Netherlands, UK.

Other Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Slovenia, Spain.

The last 5 years have seen a steep increase in sales worldwide as well as the implementation of numerous schemes to incentivise the uptake of mCHP.

Source: Code project at http://www.code-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/231210-European-Summary-Report-on-CHP-support-schemes.pdf (table) and data from Delta Energy & Environment at http://www cogeneurope eu/medialibrary/2013/04/23/ccf35af0/John%20Murray%20-%20Delta%20EE pdf (Graph)

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Countries with incentives for mCHP FC mCHP sales worldwide

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A growing interest at the European policy level

• Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU)• Defines micro‐CHP as a cogeneration unit with a maximum capacity below 50 kWe.• Member States shall conduct a comprehensive assessment of introducing high‐

efficiency CHP & DHC, which shall also consider the potential for micro‐CHP.• Member States are encouraged to facilitate the grid connection to micro‐

cogeneration units.• Simplified notification “install and inform” procedure for the installation of micro‐

CHP is recommended.

• Energy performance of Buildings Directive (2010/31/EU)• Cogeneration, including micro‐CHP, is part of the toolbox of energy efficient

measures to improve the energy efficiency in buildings.

• European Parliament Microgeneration Resolution (adopted on 12th September 2013)• Calls on the Commission to put more emphasis on realising the potential of small

scale technologies, including micro‐CHP.• Micro‐CHP is mentioned as an important small scale technology to save energy in

buildings, contributing together with renewables to zero‐ or positive‐ energybuildings.

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Technical characteristics of systems in ene.field

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The systems deployed in ene.field present a good coverage of various type of requirements thanks to a wide range of technology, size and fuels.

Examples of field trials

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Elcore 2400 system at family Aberlinstalled by the company SchröterHaustechnik

The house of family Aberl(Munich region)

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• Mr. Schröter, owner of SchröterHaustechnik:

“I want to support new technologies like the fuel cell that improves energy efficiency in homes, reduces CO2

emissions and contributes to the success of the energy transition”.

• Mr. Aberl:

“We wanted to get involved with this innovative fuel cell cogeneration system tailored for single family homes and achieve significant energy savings“.

• Single-family home • Mid-terrace house• 120m² living space • 300W electrical power

(base load energy demand)

• 600W thermal output (warm water / heating)

Source: Elcore, Press release 06/09/13.

Energy and economic benefits of the adoption of FC‐based microCHP

FC-based microCHP: energy analysis in residential loads (ex. 1 kWe)

Ramp rate 3 s profile 1 min profile

0.1 W/s 0.87 0.87

3 W/s 0.92 0.92

100 W/s 0.92 0.92

Electriccoverage

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‐2000

‐1000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

NO battery WITH battery NO battery WITH battery

No modulation Load Following

[kWh/y]

Single family, electric load followingElectricity import from the grid [kWhe/y] Electricity export to the grid [kWhe/y]

Electricity produced with FC [kWhe/y] Primary energy savings with FC respect to 'zero condition' [kWh/y]

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FC-based microCHP: energy analysis in residential loadsOptimization of thermal recovery (example with PEMFC, 1 kWe)

# Flux Φ [W]

1 PEMFC recovery 659.2

2 Burner exhausts 207.6 (172.9 recovered)

3 Cooling of Reformate 58.0PINCH ANALYSIS

ENERGY CLASSIFICATION OF BUILDING E C A++

Normalized thermal load – φ [W/m2] 64.20 34.42 9.38

Fraction coverage of residential thermal load supplied by the PEMFC CHP 22.4% 39.7% 111.9%

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FC-based microCHP: economic analysis in residential loads (ex. 1 kWe)

Economic assumptions: Single familyPrice: Natural gas from the grid

(for thermal energy production)€/m3 0.9262

Price: Natural gas from the grid(for electric energy production)

€/m3 0.8953

Price: electric energy from the grid(from 0 to 1800 kWh/yr)

€/kWh 0.1686


€/kWh 0.2301


€/kWh 0.3010

Price: electric energy from the grid(more than 4440 kWh/yr)

€/kWh 0.3524

Price: sell of electric energy to the grid €/kWh 0.07841

Specific cost of FC‐based microCHP €/kW 6248

Cost of the plant (including auxiliary boiler and battery)

€/kW 8248

discount rate % 7.0

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FC-based microCHP: economic analysis in residential loads (ex. 1 kWe)

‐8000,00

‐6000,00

‐4000,00

‐2000,00

0,00

2000,00

4000,00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

VAN (€

)

Year

Economic recovery compared to hypothesis 0 ‐ No modulation

Investment (8248 €) 80% Investment (6998 €) 70% Investment (6373 €)

50% Investment (5124 €) 30% Investment (3874 €)

‐8000,00

‐6000,00

‐4000,00

‐2000,00

0,00

2000,00

4000,00

6000,00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

VAN (€

)

Year

Economic recovery compared to hypothesis 0 ‐ Load following

Investment (8248 €) 80% Investment (6998 €) 70% Investment (6373 €)

50% Investment (5124 €) 30% Investment (3874 €)

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Notes on RC&S situation in EU for FC‐based microCHP installation

Content:

• Previous projects• Analysis of the International and

European RC&S for fuel cell mCHPsystems status (and other mCHPtechnologies)

• Analysis of the RC&S status related to fuel cell mCHP installation in Countries involved in the ene.fieldproject

• The position of ene.field

Position Paper on RC&S

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Position Paper on RC&S

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Topic CommentConnection to low‐voltage distribution networks (EN 50438)

Each European Country has it own national version that supplements this standard.

IEC EN 62282 series

These standards are highly considered, but they refer to Fuel Cell Power Systems and not to microCHP systems. Therefore, the values of the parameter limits (e.g., CO limits) are not adequate.

Gas pipeline installationsThere are different ranges of pressure values concerning the applicability of standards related to this topic.

Heating system sizesThe range of outputs for this system is not homogeneousthroughout Europe.

Natural gas quality, air qualityA lack of harmonization has been observed in the former case, while the second topic is not even considered.

Codes and Standards:Non-homogeneity in Europe. Each country adopts International and European Standards (mainly EN 50465 and IEC EN 62282 series) , but supplemented by own versions containing own requirements. Mix of standards that results as a problem for manufacturers that want to install their products throughout Europe. In some case, not consistency among standards dealing with the same topic (e.g. EN 50465 and IEC EN 62282)

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Notes on Energy LabelingDelegated Regulation EU 811/2013 supplementing Directive 2010/30/EU

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LOADS: Yearly demands for an average European single family house

Yearly demand Value [kWh/yr]Electrical 7000Heating + DHW 18000

Comparison of seasonal space heating energy efficiency in two different cases:

• a CHP device sized on the electrical demand coupled with a supplementary heater

• as a comparison case, a heat pump

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Case StudyFC electricalefficiency

FC thermal efficiency

ηS (CHP + supplementary

heater)Energy class

Case 1CHPel 25% 60% 125.9% A++Case 2CHPel 35% 50% 142.3% A++Case 3CHPel 60% 25% 183.1% A+++

µ-CHP

heat pumps

Class A+

Class D

Class A++

Class CClass AClass B

Class A+++

50,0060,0070,0080,0090,00

100,00110,00120,00130,00140,00150,00160,00170,00180,00190,00200,00210,00220,00230,00240,00

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

η S[%

]

Case study

=50%SCOP=4.0=40%

SCOP=4.5

=45%SCOP=4.5

=50%SCOP=4.5

=45%SCOP=4.0


=40%SCOP=3.5

=40%SCOP=4.0

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140%

180%

=40%SCOP=3.5

=40%SCOP=4.5

ηel=35%ηth=50%

ηel=60%ηth=25%


A+ A++

A+++

[kWh/yr]

[kWh/yr]

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ene.field – coordination team contact details

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• Please do not hesitate to contact us if you wish to get additional information about the ene.field systems or would like to be put in contact with one or several of the FC mCHP manufacturers involved in the project.

• COGEN Europe is the project co‐ordinator and the leader of the dissemination Work Package.

• Element Energy is the work package leader coordinating the implementation of the demonstration sites under ene.field.

Fiona Riddoch (ene.field Coordinator)Email: [email protected] line: +32 2 772 82 90

Lisa Ruf (Field trial management)Email: lisa.ruf@element‐energy.co.ukDirect line: +44(0)330 119 0986

European wide field trials for residential fuel cell micro CHP · Source: Fuel Cell Handbook (fifth...

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