European Union´s Strategy for Youth: Investing and Empowering 1 Katharina Naumann-Etienne and Frank...

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European Union´s Strategy for Youth: Investing and Empowering

Katharina Naumann-Etienne and Frank Stössel

Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany Skopje

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Content

1. Youth Policy in Europe2. Deliberative Learning: The Open

Method of Coordination3. Group Work– Youth Priorities in South-

Eastern-Europe4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals

in the European Union5. Volunteering – Political

Implementation in Germany

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1. Youth Policy in Europe

Until 1999 only the Treaty of Amsterdam treated youth issues on europen level (Article 149/2) :2. Community action shall be aimed at: - encouraging mobility of students and teachers - promoting cooperation between educational establishments; - encouraging the development of youth exchanges and of

exchanges of socio-educational instructors

1986: ERASMUS programme

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In 2001: White Paper „A New Impetus for European Youth“ was published by European Comission (EC):

Provides new frame for common Youth Policy in Europe

Important: According the subsidiarity principle Youth policy remains the responsibility of the Member States, not of the EU

White Paper = basis for cooperation between Member States concerning Youth Policy

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Challenges: Finding consensus on common

regularities and guidelines because of different policy fields in different Member States

Definition of policy field and the target group

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different …

definitions targets institutional draftings constitutional establishments political pracitces age limits action fields

… concerning youth policy

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Is it anyhow possible to shape policy jointly?

2. Deliberative Learning: The Open Method of Coordination

Through learning processes and best practice

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Open Method of Coordination (OMC)

introduced by the European Council of Lisbon in March 2000

designed to help Member States progress jointly in the reforms undertaken in an relatively informal way

“soft law” = quasi legal, basing on guidelines and indicators

without any legally binding force No official sanctions= peer pressure and shaming mechanisms are

effective, because Member States have to report periodically about their progress or regress

= voluntary participation


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Main concerns of the European Youth (2002):

Education Employment Social inclusion Health

Result of survey: 4 main goals

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Policy Goals

Transposition into national and regional policy by Member States

Agreement upon benchmarks and indicators

Stages and actors of OMC

European Commission

Member States(target groups)

Source: Brocke , Hartmut: http://www. stiftung-spi.de/downloads/stiftung/zivilgesellschaft/offene_methode.pdf


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Common objectives and indicators

National Strategies and Report

Joint Report incl. best practices

National Reforms: Adoption of best practices by Member

States

Itera

tion

Source: Ania/Wagener 2009: 3


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What are the European Union´s main goals

concerning youth policy?

GROUP WORK


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Young people aged 15-29 constitute 19.4 % of the total population within the EU

Under the now given circumstances this share is expected to decline to 15,3 % of the total population until 2050

Facts about EU´s Youth

Source: EU-Youth Report 2009, p.12 http://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/doc/new_strategy/youth_report_final.pdf

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Education: number of students increased by 25 % between 1998 and

2006. 23 % more young women than young men are in higher

education Less than one third of young people aged 25-34 with

disadvantaged socio-economic background complete higher education.

Employment: More than one third of young people aged 15-24 are not in

Education, Employment or Training (NEET)

Social Inclusion: 20 % of young people aged 18-24 live at risk of poverty


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Lifestyle: 37 % of all babies are born outside marriage 24.5 % of young people (15-29) live in the

same household as their partner

Health: 17 % of young people aged 15-24 are

overweight 9 % of young people aged 15-24 are

underweight 24 % of young people aged 15-29 smoke daily


Source: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/09/202&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en

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Education & Employment

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Country Year Total Men Women

Bosnia 2009 14 13 14

Bulgaria 2009 14 13 14

Croatia 2009 14 13 14

Greece 2007 16 16 17

Romania 2009 15 14 15

Serbia 2009 14 13 14

Slovenia 2009 17 16 18

Macedonia 2009 13 13 13

Albania 2006 13

Germany 2009 18

EU27 2009 17

Hungary 2009 15 15 16

Iceland 2009 18 17 20

Ireland 2009 18 18 18

Italy 2008 16 16 17

Finland 2009 17 16 17

Tab. 1: School life expectancy (in years). Primary to tertiary education

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Nation 1999 2009

Greece 1,9 -

Netherlands - 2

Romania 1,7 2

Lithuania 1,6 1,8

Norway 1,5 1,7

Macedonia 1,2 1,7

France 1,5 1,5

Croatia - 1,5

EU27 1,3 1,4

Spain 1,4 1,4

Slovenia 1 1,4

Bulgaria 1,1 1,2

Czech Republic 1 1,2

Germany 1,2 1,2

Slovakia 1,3 1,2

Hungary 0,7 1

UK - 1

Tab. 2 : Average number of foreign languages learned per pupil at ISCED level 2

19Mac

edon

ia

Spai

n

Lithu

ania

Latv

ia

Greec

e

Esto

nia

Croat

ia

Irela

nd

Slov

akia

Portu

gal

Bulga

ria

Hunga

ry

Turk

ey

Pola

ndEU

27

Fran

ceIta

ly

Slov

enia

Finla

nd

Denm

ark

Swed

en UK

Icela

nd

Roman

ia

Cypru

s

Czech

Rep

ublic

Belgi

um

Germ

any

Malta

Luxe

mbo

urg

Nethe

rland

s

Austri

a

Switz

erla

nd

Norway

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

15-3915-64

Graph 3: Unemployment Rate 2011 by age groups

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Health

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Nation 15 – 24 years old 25 – 34 years old

levels 3-4 levels 5-6 levels 3-4 levels 5-6

Bulgaria 11,1 : 25,4 9,7

Czech Republic 4,7 : 8,7 :

Estonia 6,5 : 8,6 6,6

Greece 11,4 9,3 26,5 15,5

Cyprus14,7 11,2 21,8 12,2

Latvia6,0 1,3 15,7 3,0

Hungary 5,6 6,0 14,3 3,8

Malta 5,1 2,1 11,3 4,5

Romania 5,4 6,1 15,3 9,6

Slovenia 5,7 : 11,3 :

Slovakia 4,8 : 9,2 2,6

Tab.3: Smokers by number of cigarettes by sex, age and educational level (%) Daily cigarette smoker, 20 or more per day

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Lifestyle

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Iceland

Sweden

Norway

Slovenia

Bulgaria

Belgium

Latvia

Kosovo

Finland

Netherlands

Austria

Hungary

EU27

Germany

Spain

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Romania

Serbia

Italy

Switzerland

Montenegro

Macedonia

Croatia

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Greece

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00

20071960

%

Tab.4: Proportion of live births outside marriage 1960 and 2007

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Results of Group work

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1. Access and participation2. Opportunities in education and

employment3. Solidarity between youth and society

3. Youth Priorities in Europe

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4. Actual Youth Priorities in the European Union

Quelle: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/doc/new_strategy/eu_youth_strategy.pdf, S.7

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4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union

Education Enhancing equal access for young

people to high quality education Training at all levels Life long learning Non-formal learning Improving transition

between education and labour market

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/education-training_en.htm

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Employment Providing possibilities to work and follow

training Promote learning mobility for young people Improving child care & sharing of responsibility

between partners Promoting of quality trainee-

ships better chances on labour market

Adress gender stereotypes

Sources: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/employment-entrepreneurship_en.htm http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0200:FIN:EN:PDF


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Creativity and Entrepreneurship Enable empowering of young people´s

creativity Promote training in

intercultural competnces Encourage partnerships

between culture and youth organisations

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/creativity-culture_en.htm


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Participation

Support politically & financially youth organi-sations

Expand use of communi-cation and informationtechnologies to deepen participation

Promote participation in civil society

organisations

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/participation_en.htm


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Health & Sport

Key issues conducted by the EC:

Youth specific aspects of alcohol

Sexual health drugs Mental Health in Youth

and Education

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/health-well-being_en.htm


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Volunteering Europe needs active & involved

people for shaping the future recognice learning

outcomes by providing Europass and Youthpass

Fostering awareness about cross-border volunteering

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/voluntary-activities_en.htm


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Youth and the World Raising awareness about global issues

(sustainable development, human rights)

Provide possibilities to exchange views with policy makers

Participating in “green” volunteering (recycling, energy etc.)

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/youth-the-world_en.htm


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Social Inclusion Youth work and Youth Centres = means of

inclusion Specific support for young families

Combat prejustice Informing young people

about their rights Support development

of intercultural aware-ness

Reducing social exclu- sion of young people

Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/social-inclusion_en.htm


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Common objectives and indicators

National Strategies and Report

Joint Report incl. best practices

National Reforms: Adoption of best practices by Member States

Itera

tion

Youth Report

Creating Opportunitie

s

Improving Access

Fostering Solidarity

Education

Employment

Creativity & Entrepreneurs

hip

Health & Sport

Participation

Volunteering

Youth and the World

Social Inclusion

Field

of

Actio

n

Aim

s

Op

en

Meth

od

of

Coord

inatio

n

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1. How to transform political commitment into action?

2. A Number of commitees were set up but is there real implementation?

3. Information is not reaching youth4. Measurable indicators are missing, no

benchmarking system <> seen as interference with competences by member states

5. What about non-organised youth? How to include those with fewer opportunities (see events in Fance and GB)

5. Weak points

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Thank you for your attention and your input!

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Ania, Ana B.; Wagener, Andreas: The Open Method of Coordination as an evolutionary learning process. 2009 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11109/1/ania_wagener_WPM200918.pdf

Brocke, Hartmut: Was ist eigentlich die „offene Methode der Koordinierung?“ http://www. stiftung-spi.de/downloads/stiftung/zivilgesellschaft/offene_methode.pdf

Wicke, Hans-Georg: Mehr Jugendpolitik in Europa! Der Weißbuch Prozess und seine langfristigen Wirkungen. In: Otten, Hendrik; Lauritzen, Peter (Hrsg.): Jugendarbeit und Jugendpolitik in Europa. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004

http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/coordination/coordination01_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/doc/new_strategy/eu_youth_strategy.pdf

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/education-training_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/employment-entrepreneurship_en.htm

References

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http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/creativity-culture_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/participation_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/health-well-being_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/voluntary-activities_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/youth-the-world_en.htm

http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/social-inclusion_en.htm

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/11997D/htm/11997D.html

http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0200:FIN:EN:PDF

http://www.bmfsfj.de/BMFSFJ/aktuelles,did=161502.html

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