European Training Thesaurus European Training Thesaurus · 2014-11-04 · European Training...

European Training Thesaurus

Thésaurus européende la formation professionnelle

TI-76-06-670-2A-C

Europe 123, GR-570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea)PO Box 22427, GR-551 02 ThessalonikiTel. (+30) 23 10 49 011, Fax (+30) 23 10 49 00 20E-mail: [email protected]

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29 3049



E N | F R

Eur

op

ean

Trai

ning

The

saur

us |

Thé

saur

us e

uro

pée

n d

e la

fo

rmat

ion

pro

fess

ionn

elle

EN

| F

R

ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0

kg809644cover.indd 1kg809644cover.indd 1 3/02/09 10:46:363/02/09 10:46:36

noir - cyankg809644_inside_EN.indb 4kg809644_inside_EN.indb 4 3/02/09 9:24:023/02/09 9:24:02


Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities, 2008

kg809644_inside_EN.indb 1kg809644_inside_EN.indb 1 3/02/09 9:24:013/02/09 9:24:01

A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu).

Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication.

Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities, 2008

ISBN 92-896-0471-0

ISSN 1608-7089

© European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training, 2008All rights reserved.

Printed in Belgium


The European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) is the European Union’s reference Centre for vocational education and training. We provide information on

and analyses of vocational education and training systems, policies, research and practice.Cedefop was established in 1975 by Council Regulation (EEC) No 337/75.

Europe 123GR-57001 Thessaloniki (Pylea)

Postal Address:PO Box 22427

GR-55102 Thessaloniki

Tel. (30) 23 10 49 01 11Fax (30) 23 10 49 00 20

E-mail: [email protected]: www.cedefop.europa.eu

Aviana Bulgarelli, DirectorChristian Lettmayr, Deputy Director

Juan Menéndez-Valdés,Chair of the Governing Board


Table of contents

Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Presentation of the European training thesaurus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

List of fi elds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193


Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus

A thesaurus is the most effective documentary tool in existence, allowing high-quality indexing (description of content and characteristics) and high-performance information searching (giving increased precision and simplifying recall). That is why it is appreciated by information specialists – librarians, documentalists, archivists, web manager, etc. – as an indexing instrument with far superior performance to keyword lists, classifi cations, taxonomies, normative values or relatively controlled vocabularies.

A thesaurus is so to speak the federative tool of information services of every kind and description. This ‘federative’ aspect is even more vital in learning and vocational training and education, in which information is intrinsically disparate. A CEN (European Committee for Standardization) report (1) on the importance of controlled vocabularies and thesauri for a learning society has clearly specifi ed a typology of vocabularies and made several recommendations. One of the report’s principal fi ndings is the unquestioned advantage of systematic use of a multilingual thesaurus (where available) to guarantee consistency of an information system, by:

interoperability of information services;• semantic mapping of sometimes disparate components of the information system.•

(1) European Committee for Standardization – CEN. Learning technologies workshop: controlled vocabularies for learning object metadata: typology, impact analysis, guidelines and a we- based vocabularies registry. Brussels: CEN, 2004 (CEN Workshop Agreement, 15871).


Introduction to the European Training Thesaurus 8 – EN

Organisations that own a multilingual thesaurus thus possess a strategic advantage, although the burden of development and maintenance is by no means negligible:

A complex thesaurus, highly structured, with a systematic display, specifi c terminology and compound terms will be expensive to construct and to operate at the input stage, and will require effort to maintain. […] Most current forms of multilingual information access are inadequate for the role of enabling diverse user groups to access equally diverse pieces of information […]. A new form of multilingual thesaurus is required [… especially…] online thesauri which are semantically structured, encyclopaedic and multilingual. […] Manual construction of such thesauri is labour intensive and hence costly […] (2).

Cedefop enjoys the privilege of belonging to the ‘respected club’ of organisations that have developed a multilingual thesaurus.

Outline history of the thesaurus

Cedefop began work on the fi rst Anglo-Japanese edition of the thesaurus in the 1980s and it was published in 1984 (3). A second edition followed in 1988 and included terms in seven languages: English, French, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese (4). A working group made up of members of the documentary information network (5) and supported by the terminology management system Uniterm was subsequently established. Its work culminated in the fi rst complete revision of the thesaurus, which was published in 1992 in the same seven languages as in 1988 (6). Interest aroused by the new edition was evidenced by the print version being one of Cedefop’s best-selling publications and the thesaurus being regarded as a signifi cant reference work.

The next update – the third edition – did not appear until 2001, mainly because of Cedefop’s move from Berlin to Thessaloniki in 1995. Once ensconced in its permanent seat, a new team took up the torch of the thesaurus again.

The new edition: main objectives of the update

Producing the third edition involved not only updating intrinsic developments in vocational education and training but also pursuing the ambitious aim of transforming Cedefop’s multilingual thesaurus of vocational training into a fully fl edged European training thesaurus. The updated thesaurus had to cover all ancillary subfi elds of vocational training and be capable of indexing different types of information: publications, internal reports, legislative texts, agreements, research projects, information on skills, and so on.

(2) Jorna, K.; Davies, S. Multilingual thesauri for the modern world – no ideal solution? Journal of documentation, 57 (2), March 2001, pp. 284-295.

(3) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training; Overseas Vocational Training Association. Cedefop thesaurus of vocational training. [S.I.]: OVTA, 1984.

(4) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training; International Labour Offi ce. Thésaurus de la formation professionnelle. 2nd edition. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 1988.

(5) The network has since developed into the European network of reference and expertise in vocational education and training (ReferNet).

(6) European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training. Multilingual thesaurus of vocational training. Luxembourg: EUR-OP, 1992.


European Training ThesaurusEN – 9

The challenge was to refl ect not only the technological, societal and political changes that have infl uenced vocational education and training systems in the past 15 years, but also their context.

The approach used comprised three main stages: Development of the new concept by Cedefop’s library, with Anne Waniart at the helm (and 1.

later on, with Ewa Dessaignes and Bettina Brenner as coordinators) and Philippe Tissot for terminology. For the thesaurus to evolve into the European training thesaurus, it was not just a matter of updating and adding new concepts. First, the micro-thesauri had to be organised in groups for each of the fi elds covered by the thesaurus – namely, the basic vocabulary of vocational education and training, the work and employment environment, the socioeconomic environment and complementary lists. Second, for preparing the standardisation approach for the thesauri, four levels of concept defi nition, from the most general to the most specifi c, were distinguished:

general concepts common to all thesauri, such as geographical terms; –common concepts of learning, training and education; –specifi c concepts associated with a fi eld of application, such as vocational education and –training;localisation, terms concerning adaptation to the cultural, legal, linguistic and technical –specifi cities of a country or region;

Systematic and thematic searching for concepts, their defi nition and use was entrusted to an 2. external contractor, Bureau Van Dijck, of Paris, following an invitation to tender; this resulted in compiling a complete version, which was used and tested by Cedefop and ReferNet indexers since 2001;

Ongoing validation and integration of the changes suggested during the test phase by a 3. working group representing both Cedefop’s documentalists and members of ReferNet.

Other, complementary activities were initiated at the same time – namely, adapting the thesaurus in seven languages and successive translation into other offi cial languages of the European Union. The following language versions have so far been completed: Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish; other versions are currently being translated.

Lastly, the increasing need for the European training thesaurus to be better publicised and rendered more accessible was addressed by this new print edition in English and French. This publication will also serve as an ambassador for the other languages available soon on our website.

We hope this documentary tool will be useful for the increasing number of people working in vocational education and training, lifelong learning and skills development, and that it will contribute to semantic consistency in their information departments.

Marc WillemHead of information and documentation service


Presentation of the European training thesaurus

The European training thesaurus contains more than 2500 terms (descriptors and non-descriptors) related to vocational education and training (VET). It is an essential working tool of Cedefop’s information and documentation service, currently used to index and retrieve information from Cedefop’s databases: bibliographical database VET-Bib, ETV news database, European research overview database, European training village website.

The European training thesaurus has a double function: it is a link both between Cedefop’s users and its documentary resources, and a link between these different resources.

The European training thesaurus covers education and training vocabulary and focuses on VET systems and programmes, policy, economical and social aspects and training-related EU actions.

The European training thesaurus is designed with an 18-fi eld structure:

1. Training 2. Education 3. Learning 4. Sciences and technology 5. Information and communication 6. Labour 7. Enterprise 8. Occupations 9. Economic activities 10. Economy 11. Administration 12. Society 13. Population 14. Countries and regions 15. European Union 16. International organisations 17. Document type 18. Auxiliary terms

A detailed description of the above fi elds can be found in the next chapter.


Presentation of the European Training Thesaurus 12 – EN

Semantic relationships and symbols used

The European training thesaurus was developed according to ISO 2788 and ISO 5964 standards (1). It comprises the following semantic relationships:

belonging to a fi eld• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FD)hierarchical• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (BT, BN)synonymous• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (UF, USE)associative• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (RT)language equivalence• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (FR)scope note• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(SN)

(a) Belonging to a fi eldEach descriptor belongs to a fi eld (training, education, etc.). The relationship between a descriptor and its fi eld is symbolised by:

FD (fi eld) to indicate the relevant fi eld

Example: higher educationFD Education (2)

Education is the fi eld of higher education.

(b) Hierarchical relationshipIn conformity with the previous issue of the thesaurus, the new edition retains the single hierarchy relationship between generic and specifi c terms.

The symbols used for the hierarchical relationships are:

BT to indicate the broader term.

Example: academic degreeBT certifi cate

certifi cate is the broader term for academic degree.

NT to indicate narrower terms.

Example: audiovisual aidNT educational television

educational television is the narrower term for audiovisual aid.

(c) Synonymous relationshipThis equivalence relationship exists between synonymous or almost synonymous terms. Thus, some terms considered to be too narrow have been designated as non-descriptors of broader terms, preferably kept as descriptors.

The symbols used for synonymous relationships are:

UF (use for) to indicate non-descriptor terms.

(1) ISO 2788:1986: Documentation: guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri. ISO 5964:1985: Documentation: guidelines for the establishment and development of monolingual thesauri.



Example: aptitudeUF ability

ability is a non-descriptor of aptitude.

USE to indicate descriptor terms.

Example: accreditation of prior learningUSE validation of learning outcomes

validation of learning outcomes is the descriptor corresponding to accreditation of prior learning.

(d) Associative relationshipAn associative relationship links two descriptors pertaining to two distinct categories, but whose meanings, though different, can be related to the same idea. This relationship between two descriptors is an additional indexing aid to direct the analyst towards other descriptors of pertinent added value.

The symbol used for an associative relationship is:

RT (related term) to indicate associative terms.

Example: grantRT economics of education

grant (fi eld 10) and economics of education (fi eld 1) are related.

(e) Language equivalence relationshipThe language equivalence relationship between two terms provides the translation of a descriptor into another language.

The symbol used for a language equivalence relationship is:

FR (French term) to indicate the French equivalent of the English descriptor.

Example: correspondence courseFR cours par correspondance

(f) Scope noteA scope note clarifi es the intended use of a descriptor: either by defi ning this descriptor itself or by explaining the descriptor’s meaning in case of semantic ambiguity.

The symbol used for scope notes is:

SN (scope note) to introduce a scope note.

Example: assessment of learning outcomesSN The process of appraising knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences of an individual against predefi ned criteria (learning expectations, measurement of learning outcomes). Assessment is typically followed by validation and certifi cation (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)



Structure and layout of the new edition

Throughout the different sections of the thesaurus, descriptors and non-descriptors are introduced in accordance with the standard ISO 2788. The descriptor terms always appear in lower case; the ‘entry position’ descriptors also appear in bold. The non-descriptor terms always appear in italics and lower case, whatever their position in the thesaurus.

Example: intensive training (descriptor term)accelerated course (non-descriptor term)

The European training thesaurus is divided into three sections:

1. A hierarchical presentation of the fi elds, which consists, for each fi eld, of a hierarchical list of descriptors, symbolising their single-hierarchy arborescence.

Example:level of education (broader term)NT1 post compulsory education (narrower term at level 1)NT1 post secondary education (narrower term at level 1)

NT2 higher education (narrower term at level 2)NT3 non-university higher education (narrower term at level 3)

NT4 polytechnic education (narrower term at level 4)NT3 university studies (narrower term at level 3)

NT4 postgraduate study (narrower term at level 4)NT4 undergraduate study (narrower term at level 4)

2. A main alphabetical presentation, which provides an alphabetical list of all descriptors and non-descriptors. Each term set of semantic relationships is presented.

Example:higher education instituteFD Education (2)FR établissement d’enseignement supérieurSN Institution at the tertiary level of education excluding universities and academies.UF polytechnicBT educational institutionNT college of educationRT non-university higher education

higher education school enterprise relationshipUSE university enterprise relationship

3. An alphabetical, permutated KWIC index(keyword in context) of all descriptors and non-descriptors.



How to use the different sections of the European training thesaurus

To use the European training thesaurus effi ciently, and identify the descriptors effectively, the indexer is invited to use the methodology described below. After selecting the relevant concepts, the following procedure should be adopted for each concept retained:

(a) Use the alphabetical indexThe indexer should look for the concept in the permuted alphabetical index (KWIC) that is most appropriate to identify multi-term (precoordinated) descriptors.

(b) Consult the hierarchical presentationHere the hierarchical organisation of descriptors is displayed around the selected descriptor.Consulting the hierarchical list allows analysts to refi ne their fi rst selection by choosing the descriptor whose level of specifi city seems most pertinent.

(c) Consult the main alphabetical presentationIt is essential to refer to the alphabetical list as it enables the indexer not only to go through a descriptor’s semantic relationships, but also to be aware of possible explicative scope notes and relevant associated terms.

Form, spelling and hyphenation of descriptors

The grammatical form of descriptors is usually in singular form, except in cases where the plural form is more appropriate.

Example: mathematics

As for the descriptor and non-descriptor terms in the English version of the European training thesaurus, English spelling is preferred (using ‘s’) over American spelling (using ‘z’).

Example: learning organisation

Statistical data of the new edition

Descriptors 1569

Non-descriptors 949

Top terms 148

Scope notes 203

Fields 18

New descriptors 465

Deleted descriptors 415

Level of greatest specifi city 5



List of new descriptors

Channel islandchatchemistChilecitizenshipcollege of educationColombiacomparability of certifi cationscommentarycompetencecompilationcomputer based learningcomputer engineeringcomputing personnelCongoCongo Democratic RepublicConnachtcontent of educationcontinuing trainingCosta RicaCourt of JusticeCroatiaCubacultural integrationcultural sector employeedata managementdidacticsdiscussion listdistance learningDjiboutidocumentary dossierEast AngliaEast MidlandsEast TimorEastern Europeeconomic statisticsEcuadoreducation systemeducation workereducational defi citeducational dropouteducational sociologyeducationalisteffi ciencyEgyptEl SalvadoreLearningelectronic commerceeliteemployabilityemployment protectionengineering workerentrepreneurship

A levelabsenteeismaccreditation of trainingaccreditation of education

and training providersAdaptadministrative structureAfghanistanagencies and other bodiesagriculture workerAlgeriaAngolaapplied sciencesArgentinaArmeniaassessment of learning

outcomesatlasAtticaAutonomous Territories of

Palestineawarding bodyAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBaltic StatesBangladeshbasic skillBelarusBeninBhutanBoliviaBornholmBosnia HerzegovinaBotswanaBrazilBritish West IndiesBruneiBurgenlandBurkina FasoBurundibusiness workerCambodiaCameroonCape VerdecapitalCarinthiacatalogueCentral African RepublicCentral Asiacertifi cation of learning

outcomesChad



environment workerEqualEquatorial GuineaErasmusEritreaEstoniaethicsEthiopiaEuropassEuropean Administrative

SchoolEuropean Agency for Safety

Health at WorkEuropean Central BankEuropean constructionEuropean Court of AuditorsEuropean Monitoring Centre

for Drugs and Drug Addiction

European OmbudsmanEuropean Personnel

Selection Offi ceEuropean Training

FoundationEuropean UnionEuropean year Eurostatevaluation methodexaminerexperimental educationexperimental researchFaroesFar Eastfi nancingfl exibilityfl exicurityforeign language learningforeign language skillforeign policyformal learningformer GDRformer USSRformer Yugoslavia fundamental researchGabonGambiageneral educationGeorgiaGermanyGhanaGibraltargifted personglobalisation

know howknowledgeknowledge managementknowledge societyKosovoKuwaitKyrgyzstanlabour market reformLaosLatin AmericaLatvialaw workerleadershiplearning by doinglearning by usinglearning environmentlearning materiallearning organisationlearning theoryLebanonLeinsterLeonardo da VinciLesothoLesser Antilleslevel of educationliberal professionLiberiaLibyalifelong learningLifelong learning programmeLinguaLithuanialoanlocal fi nanceLower AustriaMacaoMacedoniaMadagascarMaghrebmailing listmaintenance repairMalawiMalaysiaMaldivesMalimanagerial skillmanual workermanufacturing industrymanufacturing workerMashreqmass mediamathematical modelMauritania

grantGreater Antillesgreen paperGreenlandGrundtvigGuatemalaguidance offi cerguideGuineaGuinea BissauGulf StatesHaitihealth workerhigher education graduatehistorical researchhistory of trainingHondurasHong Konghotel industryhuman capitalhumanities workeridentifi cation of learning

outcomesillegal workin company trainingindividualismIndonesiainformal learninginformal sectorinformation processinginformation scienceinformation societyinformation storageinteractive learningintercompany traininginternational exchangeinternational policyInternetinterviewIranIraqIsle of ManIsraelIvory CoastJamaicajob classifi cationjob rotationJordanjournal issuejournalism workerKazakhstanKenyakey competences



MauritiusmeasurementMelanesiamentoringMexicoMicronesiaMinervaMongoliamonograph partMontenegroMoroccomotivationMozambiquemulti skill trainingmultiple choice testmultiple employmentMunsterMyanmarNamibiaNavarreNepalNetherlands Antillesnew technologiesNicaraguaNigerNigerianon-formal learningNorth JutlandNorth KoreaNorth West EnglandNorthern AegeanNorthern EnglandNorthern Europeoccupational diseaseOffi ce for Offi cial Publications

of the European Communities

Omanonline learningorganisational changeoutplacementovertimepamphletPanamapaper industryParaguaypersonnel regradingPeruPhilippinesphilosophypoachingPolynesiapostgraduate study

social promotionsocial rightssocial sciences workersocial skillsocially disabled personSocratesSomaliaSouth East EnglandSouth JutlandSouth KoreaSouth SwedenSouth West EnglandSouthern AegeanSouthern AfricaSouthern Europespecial needs educationspecialised secondary schoolSri Lankastaff developmentstandardstudent organisationStyriasubcontractingSudanSurinamesustainable developmentSwazilandSyriaTaiwanTajikistanTanzaniateacher exchangeteacher roletechnical assistancetechnological sciencesTempustestThailandTogotrade union roletraining marketingtraining passporttraining purchasetraining resourceTranslation Centre for Bodies

of the European Uniontransparency of qualifi cationstransport services workerTunisiaTurkmenistanTyrolUgandaUkraine

private tutorproceedingsprogressionPuerto Ricopure sciencesQatarqualifi cationqualitative analysisquality managementquestioningracial equalityrecognition of learning

outcomesrecycling industryreengineeringRegion of Murciaregional and local authorityregional cooperationregional policyregistrationreplacementRepublic of Moldovaresearch techniqueReunionright to trainingRiojaRussiaRwandaSalzburgSaudi Arabiaschooling ratescience workersciences of educationsecurity services workersegregationself directed learningself esteemself evaluationSenegalsenioritySerbia seriesservices workerSierra LeoneSingaporeSlovak RepublicSloveniasmall and medium enterprisesocial dialoguesocial discriminationsocial economysocial exclusionsocial identity



UlsterUnescoUnited Arab EmiratesUpper AustriaupskillingUruguayUzbekistanvalidation of learning outcomesvalorisation of learningVenezuelaViennaVietnamvocational qualifi cationVojvodinaVorarlbergwealthwebsiteWest MidlandsWestern EuropeWestern GreeceWestern Saharawhite paperwork attitudework based trainingwork programmeworking age populationwork experienceworking paperYemenYorkshire and Humbersideyoung personYouth programmeZambiaZimbabwe



List of deleted descriptors

abstractactorAddictionadministrative personneladministratoradvertisingAegean islandaerospace industryAfrican languagesage limitagricultural collegeagricultural trainingagricultural workerair traffi c controllerair transportaircraft pilotAlbanian languageambulance personnelanimatorAPSDEPArab countriesArabicarchivearchivistarmament industryarmyAsian languagesastronomerattainment appraisalauthoring systemautomated translationbakerbeverage workerbillbiographyblind personblock teachingboatmanbookbook industrybookkeepingBornholmbotanybuilding materialBulgarian languagebureaucracybusiness language coursebutchercabinet makercanning industrycaretakercaring personnelcarpenter

case lawCD-ROMCeltic languagescement industryceramics industrycertifi cationchemical workerchurchCIADFORCINTERFORcleanercommercial collegecommercial trainingcommunitycompact disccompulsory subjectcomputer based trainingcomputer operatorcomputer personnelcomputer programmercomputer scientistcomputerized numerical

controlconfectionerconsumer educationcontinuous assessmentcontrol instruments mechaniccookCopenhagencore skillcost-benefi t analysiscountries and regionscourtcultural rightscutterCzech languagedairy industrydancedancerDanish languagedata typistday releasedeaf persondieticiandiplomatic personneldiskettedistance studydomestic workerdrawingdual jobholdingdumb personDutch languageearly school leaver



economics of trainingeconomistEDFeducational assessmenteducational disadvantageeducational leveleducational loaneducational systemelectionelectrical fi tterelectromechanical industryelectronic mailemployers’ organizationEnglish languageenrolmententertainmentenvironment personnelERDFESFEUDISEDEURATOMEuropean Monitoring Centre

for Drugs and DrugEuropean schoolexamination bodyexecutiveex-offenderexperiential learningexperimental teachingexportfactoryfalling birthrateFAOFederal Republic of GermanyFEOGAfertilizer industryfi lmfi ve new Laenderfl ight attendantfl oor and wall tilerfolk artsfootwear industryforeign countryforeign language teachingforestry trainingfreight handlerfunctional illiteracyfur industrygas industrygeographergeologistGerman Democratic RepublicGerman language

glaziergraduateGreat BritainGreater CopenhagenGreek languageGuadeloupeguidance teacherhandbookhistorianhotel and catering personnelhotel managerhotel schoolhousewifehuman-machine interactionHungarian languageILO programmeimportindustrial workerinformation materialinformation sourceinland water transportin-plant traininginstrumentation industryinsulatorinterfaceinternal migrationinternational organizationinternational schoolinternational universityinterpretationinterpreterItalian languagejournalistjudgeknitterlabour exchange offi cerland transportlawyerlearning paceleave of absencelegal personnellegal servicelibrarianlinguistic groupliterary and artistic personnellocal employment initiativemachine operatormachine tool industrymachine-readable materialmaintenance and repairmale statusmanagement boardmarket research

markingMartiniquemason bricklayermaternity leaveMayottemeat industrymechanical fi ttermechanizationmedical personnelmemorandummental stressmeteorologyMezzogiornomicroformmiddle classmiddle managementmidwifemilitary servicemilling industryminingMinistry of agricultureMinistry of industry and

commerceMinistry of vocational trainingmobile trainingmodern languagesmoonlightingmortalitymother tongue instructionmultiple choice testMurciamuseummusiciannationalitynatural resourceNew Caledonianon-manual workernon-printed materialNordic CouncilNorth Jutlandnuclear industryoccupational classifi cationoccupational qualifi cationoffi cial journaloffi cial publicationoptical industryopticianoral expressionpackingpaid leavepainter and decoratorpaintingparental leave



pedagogicspermanent employmentpersonal services workerpetrochemical industrypetroleum industrypharmacistphotographerphotographyphysiotherapistplastererplumberPolish languagepolitical ideologypolyvalent trainingpopulation growthporterPortuguese languagepostal workerpottery makerprecision instrument fi tterprinted materialprivate tutorprocessing industryproducerprogress reportproject reportprolongation of schoolingproposalpublic relationspulp and paper industryradiographerrailway transportrailway workerreadingreceptionistrecommendationrehabilitation counsellorremedial teachingresearch reportresearcherresolutionreviewrising birthrateRomanian languageroof slater and tilerrubber industryrubber product makerrural populationrural-urban migrationRussian languagesales representativesanitation serviceScandinavian languages

school leaving certifi catesciencescientistsecretarial trainingsecurity personnelself-instructionself-managementSerbo-Croat languageservice mechanicsetter of production

machinesshoemakersingerskilled machinistslidesmall medium enterprisesocial scientistSouth JutlandSouth SwedenSpanish languagesponsorshipstatisticianstonemason and cutterstorageStructural Fundssubsidiary subjectsugar industrysystems analystsystems designertailortanning industryteacher training collegetechnical drawingtechnology parktelecommunications fi ttertelephonistterminaltextbookThracetobacco industrytoolmakertop managementtoy industrytrainee recordtrainer-trainee ratiotraining and teaching

personneltraining by stagestraining conferencetraining experimenttraining prioritytraining resourcetranslator

transport workertravel agencyTurkish languagetypistUNESCOupper classurban populationurban transportuser-friendlinessUSSRveterinary medicinevideocassettevideodiscvideotexviticulturevoluntary organizationwaiterWallis and Futuna islandwatchmakingWHOwork experiencewriterwritingyoung manyoung womanYugoslaviazoology


List of fi elds

The European training thesaurus is centred on training. The topics covered are organised around eighteen broad fi elds. These fi elds are grouped together in four sections: I. Basic VET vocabulary: Fields 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. II. Work and labour environment: 6, 7, 8. III. Socio-economic environment: 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. IV. Supplement lists: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18.

I. Basic VET vocabulary

Field 1: Training(124 descriptors)

All aspects of training are addressed, whether they concern the types of training, economy, policy, management or the training system and are grouped together under thirteen top-level terms: economics of education, history of training, quality of training, sectoral training, target group, trainee, training institution, training management, training policy, training system, type of training, vocational guidance and vocational training. (The top term vocational training should only be used for general documents on the subject).

Field 2: Education(79 descriptors)

This fi eld deals with education, the educational system, the institutions, the content, the quality and the educational policy under eleven top-level terms: basic education, content of education, education, education system, educational administration, educational guidance, educational institution, educational policy, level of education, quality of education, student population. (The top term education should only be used for general works on the subject).

Field 3: Learning(98 descriptors)

These are descriptors that concern both education and continuing training and that deal with notions of certifi cation, skills, learning, the learning processes and methods, the validation of acquired knowledge and personal development. They are presented under eleven top-level terms: certifi cation of learning outcomes, competence, curriculum, examination, learning, lifelong learning, personal development, pilot project, teaching, training aid, training method.

Field 4: Sciences and technology(56 descriptors)

The disciplines and the branches of study are presented under nine top-level terms: applied sciences, humanities, information science, mathematics, natural sciences, pure sciences, sciences of education, technological sciences, technology.


List of fi elds 24 – EN

Field 5: Information and Communication (52 descriptors)

The descriptors contained in this fi eld address all aspects of information, its processing and its technology, language, communication, mass media and documentation under three top level terms: communication, information and information technology.

II. Work and labour environment

Field 6: Labour(113 descriptors)

This fi eld groups together the notions of labour contracts, the labour market, employment and unemployment, and professional qualifi cations under nine top-level terms: employment, employment policy, labour, labour contract, labour market, occupational status, qualifi cation, transition from school to work and unemployment. The fi eld is to be used in relation to Field 7.

Field 7: Enterprise(118 descriptors)

This fi eld, which should be used in relation with Field 6, addresses micro-economic aspects. It concerns enterprises and their management, the different types of enterprise, relations with social partners, human resources management, work organisation and work conditions, grouped under fi ve top-level terms: enterprise, human resources management, labour relations, work organisation and working conditions.

Field 8: Occupations(106 descriptors)

The descriptors in this fi eld should be connected to those of Field 6 and 9. The professions are grouped under only one top term – occupation – which can be broken down into twenty two specifi c terms: agriculture worker, business worker, construction worker, cultural sector employee, education worker, engineering worker, environment worker, forestry worker, health worker, humanities worker, information personnel, journalism worker, law worker, manufacturing worker, personal services worker, public service personnel, science worker, security services worker, social sciences worker, social services worker, transport services worker and veterinary worker.

III. Socioeconomic environment

Field 9: Economic activities(73 descriptors)

The economic activities are grouped together under four top-level terms: agriculture, arts, industry and services.

Field 10: Economy(66 descriptors)

This fi eld addresses the macro-economic aspect of the economy and covers all the economic concepts – such as economic development and policies, fi nancial resources, international economy and public fi nance – under ten top-level terms: economic condition, economic development, economic policy, economic resource, economic sector, economic system, economy, fi nancial management, international economy and public fi nance.



Field 11: Administration(105 descriptors)

This fi eld covers governmental structures, legislation (non-European Union law), human rights, politics and international relations grouped under seven top-level terms: administration, association, human rights, institutional framework, international relations, politics and state.

Field 12: Society(81 descriptors)

This fi eld deals with all aspects of the social environment, social problems, individual and collective behaviour, sociocultural groups and health under four top-level terms: behaviour, health, society and sociocultural group.

Field 13: Population(24 descriptors)

This fi eld concerns demographic trends, population distribution and migratory movements under one top-level term: population.

IV. Additional lists

Field 14: Countries and regions(396 descriptors)

This fi eld, formerly concentrated on European countries, now covers fi ve continents. All the administrative regions of the European Union are included. The fi eld contains seven top-level terms: Africa, America, Asia, EU countries, Europe, Oceania and OECD countries.

Field 15: European Union(86 descriptors)

This fi eld addresses all aspects relative to the European Union, the institutions, organisations, structures and European legislation under four top-level terms: Community fi nance, Community institutions, Community law, European construction.

Field 16: International organisations(15 descriptors)

This fi eld presents a list of international organisations that are considered to be interesting by Cedefop under one top-level term: international organisation.

Field 17: Document type(42 descriptors)

This fi eld covers the different document types with forty-two descriptors. There is no hierarchical relationship.

Field 18: Auxiliary terms(30 descriptors)

This fi eld presents the methodological descriptors and the descriptors that can be used in relation with all the fi elds in order to describe, for example, an evolution, or an evaluation. The descriptors are broken down into six top-level terms: evaluation, model, research, research method, research technique and statistical method.


Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds

1. Training

economics of educationNT1 cost of education

NT2 cost of trainingNT1 educational needsNT1 fi nancing of education

NT2 student allowanceNT1 fi nancing of training

NT2 training allowanceNT2 training feeNT2 training levy

NT1 training budgetNT1 training market

NT2 training supplyNT1 training marketingNT1 training needs

NT2 training needs analysis

history of training

quality of trainingNT1 training effectivenessNT1 training standardNT1 training wastage

NT2 training dropout

sectoral trainingNT1 clerical trainingNT1 computer training

NT2 computer literacyNT1 craft trainingNT1 management trainingNT1 safety trainingNT1 supervisory training

target groupNT1 adult trainingNT1 migrant trainingNT1 prisoner trainingNT1 staff trainingNT1 teacher trainingNT1 training of trainersNT1 youth training


Hierarchical presentation of the fi elds 28 – EN

traineeNT1 apprenticeNT1 graduate traineeNT1 trainee participationNT1 trainee selection

training institutionNT1 training centre

NT2 resource centreNT2 training workshopNT2 vocational rehabilitation centreNT2 vocational school

training managementNT1 accreditation of trainingNT1 accreditation of education and training

providersNT1 course attendance

NT2 completion of trainingNT1 duration of trainingNT1 training assistanceNT1 training course

NT2 evening classNT2 full time courseNT2 part time courseNT2 short course

NT1 training evaluationNT2 training validation

NT1 training functionNT1 training objectiveNT1 training partnershipNT1 training planNT1 training programme

NT2 course designNT1 training specifi cationNT1 vocational rehabilitation

training policyNT1 access to training

NT2 admission requirementsNT2 selection procedure

NT3 aptitude testNT3 selection criteria

NT1 planning of trainingNT1 training development

NT2 training innovationNT1 training informationNT1 training initiative

NT2 local training initiativeNT1 training policy coordinationNT1 training reform

training systemNT1 alternating training

NT2 apprenticeshipNT2 dual system

NT1 in company trainingNT2 off the job trainingNT2 on the job trainingNT2 work based training

NT1 in service trainingNT1 intercompany trainingNT1 modular trainingNT1 training level

type of trainingNT1 basic trainingNT1 continuing trainingNT1 specialist trainingNT1 individual trainingNT1 induction trainingNT1 initial training

NT2 vocational preparationNT1 intensive trainingNT1 multi skill trainingNT1 practical training

NT2 training placementNT1 retrainingNT1 technical trainingNT1 trade union trainingNT1 training abroadNT1 upskilling

vocational guidanceNT1 career choiceNT1 guidance serviceNT1 vocational counsellingNT1 vocational information

vocational trainingNT1 training research



2. Education

basic educationNT1 literacy

NT2 illiteracyNT1 numeracy

content of educationNT1 environmental educationNT1 health education

educationNT1 educational backgroundNT1 educational research

NT2 comparative education

education systemNT1 continuing educationNT1 general educationNT1 out of school educationNT1 special needs educationNT1 vocational education

educational administrationNT1 compulsory educationNT1 educational opportunity

NT2 second chance schoolsNT1 educational resource

NT2 educational facilityNT1 educational statistics

NT2 number of studentsNT2 schooling rate

NT1 private educationNT1 schooling

NT2 educational dropoutNT2 school leaving

NT1 state educationNT1 student mobility

educational guidanceNT1 choice of studies

educational institutionNT1 higher education institute

NT2 college of educationNT1 school

NT2 primary schoolNT2 secondary school

NT3 specialised secondary schoolNT1 university

NT2 open university

educational policyNT1 access to education

NT2 registrationNT1 duration of studiesNT1 educational development

NT2 educational innovationNT1 educational objectiveNT1 educational planningNT1 educational reformNT1 prolonged schoolingNT1 school enterprise relationshipNT1 university enterprise relationship

level of educationNT1 post compulsory educationNT1 post secondary education

NT2 higher educationNT3 non-university higher education

NT4 polytechnic educationNT3 university studies

NT4 postgraduate studyNT4 undergraduate study

NT1 pre school educationNT1 primary educationNT1 secondary education

NT2 lower secondary educationNT2 upper secondary education

quality of educationNT1 educational defi cit

student populationNT1 student

NT2 foreign studentNT2 higher education graduateNT2 undergraduate studentNT2 working student



3. Learning

certifi cation of learning outcomesNT1 certifi cate

NT2 A levelNT2 academic degree

NT1 comparability of qualifi cationsNT1 equivalence of certifi catesNT1 recognition of qualifi cationsNT1 training creditNT1 training passportNT1 transparency of qualifi cationsNT1 validation of learning outcomes

competenceNT1 assessment of learning outcomesNT1 identifi cation of learning outcomesNT1 recognition of learning outcomesNT1 skill

NT2 basic skillNT2 foreign language skillNT2 key competencesNT2 managerial skillNT2 polyvalenceNT2 practical skillNT2 skill analysis

NT3 skill developmentNT3 skill obsolescence

NT2 social skillNT3 communication skill

NT2 transferable skill

curriculumNT1 curriculum developmentNT1 curriculum researchNT1 curriculum subject

NT2 foreign language learning

examinationNT1 entrance examinationNT1 practical examinationNT1 test

learningNT1 adult learningNT1 formal learningNT1 informal learningNT1 learning diffi cultyNT1 learning environmentNT1 learning method

NT2 learning by doingNT2 learning by using

NT2 eLearningNT2 online learningNT2 group learningNT2 interactive learningNT2 open learningNT2 self directed learningNT2 visual learning

NT1 learning strategyNT1 non-formal learningNT1 transfer of learning

NT2 trainer trainee relationshipNT1 valorisation of learning

lifelong learning

personal developmentNT1 aptitudeNT1 creativityNT1 intellectual development

NT2 cognitive processNT2 intelligence

NT3 judgmentNT3 self evaluation

NT1 know howNT1 knowledgeNT1 maturityNT1 performance

NT2 effi ciencyNT2 failureNT2 performance appraisalNT2 success

NT1 personalityNT2 self esteem

pilot project

teachingNT1 mentoring

training aidNT1 audiovisual aid

NT2 educational televisionNT2 video

NT1 educational gameNT1 multimedia system

NT2 hypermediaNT2 interactive video

NT1 training materialNT2 training equipment

NT1 training software



training methodNT1 audiovisual methodNT1 computer based learningNT1 distance learning

NT2 correspondence courseNT1 problem solvingNT1 programmed instructionNT1 project methodNT1 simulation trainingNT1 study tour

4. Sciences and technology

applied sciences

humanitiesNT1 geographyNT1 historyNT1 legal scienceNT1 literatureNT1 philosophyNT1 psychology

NT2 educational psychologyNT2 industrial psychology

NT1 social sciencesNT2 demographyNT2 economics

NT3 business economicsNT2 linguistics

NT3 terminologyNT2 political scienceNT2 sociology

NT3 educational sociologyNT3 industrial sociology

information science

mathematicsNT1 statistics

natural sciencesNT1 biology

NT2 ecologyNT2 medicine

NT1 geology

pure sciencesNT1 chemistryNT1 physics

sciences of educationNT1 didacticsNT1 educational theoryNT1 experimental educationNT1 learning theoryNT1 training theory



technological sciencesNT1 engineering

NT2 civil engineeringNT2 electrical engineeringNT2 electronics

NT3 microelectronicsNT2 mechanical engineering

NT1 ergonomics

technologyNT1 advanced technologyNT1 automationNT1 biotechnologyNT1 educational technologyNT1 mechanisation

NT2 roboticsNT3 robot

NT1 new technologiesNT1 technological changeNT1 technology transfer

5. Information and communication

communicationNT1 communication medium

NT2 languageNT3 minority languageNT3 mother tongueNT3 multilingualism

NT4 bilingualismNT4 translation

NT2 mass mediaNT3 pressNT3 radioNT3 television

NT2 telecommunicationNT3 computer network

NT4 InternetNT3 satellite communication

NT1 interpersonal communication

informationNT1 access to information

NT2 information centreNT2 information network

NT1 documentationNT2 information disseminationNT2 information processingNT2 information retrievalNT2 information storage

NT1 information userNT2 information needs

information technologyNT1 informatics

NT2 computer applicationNT3 artifi cial intelligence

NT4 expert systemNT3 computer aided designNT3 computer aided manufacturingNT3 computer graphicsNT3 fl exible manufacturing systemNT3 information system

NT4 data managementNT3 offi ce automationNT3 telematics

NT2 computer engineeringNT2 hardware

NT3 computerNT4 microcomputer

NT2 software



6. Labour

employmentNT1 conditions of employment

NT2 competitive employmentNT2 self employmentNT2 sheltered employmentNT2 temporary employmentNT2 termination of employment

NT3 job lossNT3 redundancyNT3 retirement

NT4 early retirementNT1 female employmentNT1 graduate employmentNT1 migrant employmentNT1 occupational structure

NT2 non-traditional occupationNT2 obsolescent occupation

NT1 regulated occupationNT1 youth employment

employment policyNT1 employment creationNT1 employment service

NT2 private employment serviceNT2 public employment service

NT1 fi ght against unemploymentNT1 fl exicurityNT1 full employmentNT1 job placementNT1 job securityNT1 manpower planningNT1 work permit

labourNT1 illegal workNT1 multiple employment

labour contractNT1 apprenticeship contractNT1 training employment contract

labour marketNT1 access to employment

NT2 employment opportunityNT3 job offerNT3 job vacancyNT3 language barrierNT3 manpower needs

NT4 labour shortageNT4 skill shortage

NT2 entry into working lifeNT3 initial employmentNT3 return to work

NT1 employabilityNT1 employment monitoring systemNT1 labour market fl exibilityNT1 labour market reformNT1 labour market segmentationNT1 labour mobilityNT1 labour supply

NT2 job searchNT1 manpower

NT2 unqualifi ed young peopleNT1 regional labour market

occupational statusNT1 civil servantNT1 craftsman

NT2 mastercraftsmanNT1 employeeNT1 engineerNT1 entrepreneurNT1 liberal professionNT1 managerNT1 self employed workerNT1 supervisorNT1 technicianNT1 worker

NT2 disabled workerNT2 manual workerNT2 migrant worker

NT3 frontier workerNT2 older workerNT2 professional workerNT2 temporary worker

NT3 casual workerNT3 seasonal worker

NT2 underqualifi ed workerNT2 unemployed worker

NT3 job seekerNT2 young worker

qualifi cationNT1 vocational qualifi cation

NT2 deskillingNT2 work experienceNT2 job requirementsNT2 level of qualifi cation

NT3 semi skilled workerNT3 skilled workerNT3 highly skilled workerNT3 unskilled worker

NT2 occupational profi leNT2 professionalism



transition from school to workNT1 training employment relationship

unemploymentNT1 disguised unemploymentNT1 female unemploymentNT1 graduate unemploymentNT1 migrant unemploymentNT1 regional unemploymentNT1 seasonal unemploymentNT1 structural unemploymentNT1 temporary unemploymentNT1 underemploymentNT1 unemployment duration

NT2 long term unemploymentNT1 youth unemployment

7. Enterprise

enterpriseNT1 company management

NT2 company closureNT2 organisational changeNT2 production managementNT2 reengineeringNT2 work attitude

NT3 absenteeismNT3 employees’ attitudeNT3 fl exibilityNT3 management attitudeNT3 trainees’ attitudeNT3 trainers’ attitude

NT1 enterprise creationNT1 enterprise cultureNT1 joint ventureNT1 subcontractingNT1 type of enterprise

NT2 cooperativeNT2 large enterpriseNT2 multinational enterpriseNT2 public enterprise

NT3 mixed investment companyNT2 small and medium enterprise

NT3 medium enterpriseNT3 small enterprise

human resources managementNT1 career

NT2 career breakNT2 career development

NT3 career changeNT3 career planningNT3 career prospectsNT3 career recordNT3 curriculum vitaeNT3 occupational mobility

NT4 secondmentNT3 occupational successNT3 promotionNT3 vocational aspiration

NT1 learning organisationNT1 personnel management

NT2 knowledge managementNT2 outplacementNT2 personnelNT2 personnel assessment

NT3 vocational assessmentNT3 work performance

NT2 personnel regradingNT2 personnel supervisionNT2 poaching



NT2 recruitmentNT3 personnel selection

NT4 employment interviewNT2 replacementNT2 seniorityNT2 staff developmentNT2 training purchase

labour relationsNT1 collective agreementNT1 collective bargainingNT1 employers’ roleNT1 social dialogueNT1 social partners

NT2 employerNT2 employers’ organisationNT2 trade union

NT3 trade union roleNT1 strikeNT1 workers’ participation

NT2 workers’ representationNT3 works council

work organisationNT1 job content

NT2 job designNT2 job enlargementNT2 job enrichment

NT1 job descriptionNT2 job analysisNT2 job classifi cation

NT1 job sharingNT1 team workNT1 teleworkingNT1 work at homeNT1 work studyNT1 working time arrangement

NT2 hours of workNT3 fl exible hours of workNT3 full time employmentNT3 overtimeNT3 part time employment

NT2 reduction of working hours

working conditionsNT1 leisure

NT2 holidaysNT1 occupational diseaseNT1 occupational safety

NT2 occupational accidentNT2 safety measure

NT1 pension schemeNT1 training leaveNT1 wage

NT2 equal payNT1 working life

NT2 quality of working lifeNT3 humanisation of workNT3 job rotationNT3 job satisfaction

NT2 work environmentNT3 place of work



8. Occupations

occupationNT1 agriculture worker

NT2 farmerNT2 gardener

NT1 business workerNT2 accountantNT2 banking personnelNT2 clerical worker

NT3 secretaryNT2 commercial personnel

NT3 advertiserNT3 buyerNT3 sales person

NT2 consultantNT2 insurance personnel

NT1 construction workerNT2 architect

NT3 landscape gardenerNT1 cultural sector employee

NT2 artistNT2 performing artist

NT1 education workerNT2 educationalistNT2 guidance offi cerNT2 inspectorNT2 teaching personnel

NT3 examinerNT3 teacher

NT4 headteacherNT4 higher education teacher

NT2 training personnelNT3 trainerNT3 training consultantNT3 training managerNT3 training tutorNT3 vocational counsellorNT3 vocational teacher

NT1 engineering workerNT2 computing personnelNT2 electricianNT2 mechanicNT2 metalworker

NT3 welderNT1 environment workerNT1 forestry worker

NT1 health workerNT2 dentistNT2 medical practitionerNT2 paramedical personnel

NT3 nurseNT1 humanities workerNT1 information personnelNT1 journalism workerNT1 law workerNT1 manufacturing worker

NT2 food workerNT2 glass workerNT2 jewellerNT2 leather workerNT2 paper makerNT2 plastic products makerNT2 printing workerNT2 textile workerNT2 wood worker

NT1 minerNT1 public service personnelNT1 science worker

NT2 biologistNT2 chemistNT2 mathematicianNT2 physicist

NT1 security services workerNT2 military personnelNT2 police

NT1 services workerNT2 beauticianNT2 hairdresserNT2 hotel personnelNT2 tourism personnel

NT3 travel agency employeeNT3 travel guide

NT1 social sciences workerNT2 psychologistNT2 sociologist

NT1 social services workerNT2 social workerNT2 youth worker

NT1 transport services workerNT2 air transport personnelNT2 dockerNT2 driverNT2 seafarer

NT1 veterinary worker



9. Economic activities

agricultureNT1 forestryNT1 horticulture

artsNT1 architectureNT1 fi ne artsNT1 graphic artsNT1 handicraftNT1 musicNT1 restorationNT1 theatre

industryNT1 chemical industry

NT2 pharmaceutical industryNT2 plastics industry

NT1 communications industryNT2 audiovisual industryNT2 fi lm industryNT2 printing industryNT2 publishingNT2 telecommunications industry

NT1 computer industryNT1 construction industryNT1 electrical industryNT1 electronics industryNT1 fi shing industryNT1 food industry

NT2 beverage industryNT1 glass industryNT1 leather industryNT1 machinery industry

NT2 aircraft industryNT2 automobile industryNT2 shipbuilding

NT1 manufacturing industryNT1 metalworking industry

NT2 iron industryNT1 power industry

NT2 electricity industryNT1 recycling industryNT1 textile industry

NT2 clothing industryNT1 woodworking industry

NT2 furniture industryNT2 paper industry

servicesNT1 business service

NT2 management counsellingNT2 marketing

NT1 clerical workNT1 cultural service

NT2 libraryNT1 fi nancial service

NT2 bankingNT1 health serviceNT1 hotel industryNT1 information serviceNT1 insuranceNT1 maintenance repairNT1 public serviceNT1 recreation service

NT2 sportNT2 tourism

NT1 social workNT1 trade

NT2 commercial distributionNT3 electronic commerceNT3 retail tradeNT3 wholesale trade

NT2 international tradeNT1 transport

NT2 road transportNT2 sea transport

NT1 voluntary service



10. Economy

economic conditionNT1 competitionNT1 economic crisis

economic developmentNT1 developed countriesNT1 developing countriesNT1 industrial developmentNT1 regional development

NT2 rural development

economic policyNT1 agricultural policyNT1 economic planning

NT2 economic statisticsNT1 fi nancial policy

NT2 fi nancial controlNT1 incomes policyNT1 industrial policyNT1 monetary policyNT1 research policy

NT2 research centreNT2 research and development

NT3 innovationNT2 research fi eldNT2 research programme

NT1 sustainable developmentNT2 environment

NT3 environmental protectionNT3 pollution

NT1 trade policy

economic resourceNT1 fi nancial resource

NT2 capitalNT2 expenditureNT2 fi nancingNT2 grantNT2 investmentNT2 loanNT2 private fi nanceNT2 subsidy

NT1 human capital

economic sectorNT1 primary sectorNT1 secondary sectorNT1 tertiary sector

economic systemNT1 informal sectorNT1 mixed economyNT1 private sectorNT1 public sectorNT1 social economy

economyNT1 marketNT1 productionNT1 productivity

fi nancial managementNT1 budgetNT1 cost effectivenessNT1 profi t

international economyNT1 globalisation

public fi nanceNT1 local fi nanceNT1 national budget

NT2 public expenditureNT1 state aidNT1 state participationNT1 tax



11. Administration

administrationNT1 administrative structure

NT2 centralisationNT2 decentralisation

NT1 awarding bodyNT1 labour administration

NT2 labour statisticsNT3 employment survey

NT1 managementNT2 quality managementNT2 self management

NT1 planningNT2 local planning

NT3 urban planningNT4 housing

NT2 regional planningNT3 developing areaNT3 rural areaNT3 urban area

NT1 public administrationNT2 civil serviceNT2 public bodyNT2 social service

NT3 child care facilitiesNT3 social assistanceNT3 social security

NT4 family allowanceNT4 unemployment benefi t

NT1 training administrationNT2 training statistics

NT3 number of traineesNT3 training participation rate

associationNT1 chamber of commerceNT1 professional associationNT1 voluntary organisationNT1 youth organisation

NT2 student organisation

human rightsNT1 children’s rightsNT1 civil rights

NT2 freedom of movementNT1 equal opportunitiesNT1 migrants’ rightsNT1 right to educationNT1 right to informationNT1 right to trainingNT1 right to workNT1 social rightsNT1 women’s rights

institutional frameworkNT1 constitutionNT1 legislation

NT2 economic legislationNT2 educational legislationNT2 labour legislation

NT3 employment protectionNT2 lawNT2 legal aspectNT2 regulationNT2 social legislationNT2 training legislation

international relationsNT1 export of trainingNT1 international agreementNT1 international cooperation

NT2 crossborder cooperationNT2 development aid

NT3 technical assistanceNT1 international exchange

NT2 student exchangeNT2 teacher exchange

NT1 international policy

politicsNT1 political partyNT1 political system

stateNT1 government

NT2 central governmentNT2 government policy

NT3 cultural policyNT3 foreign policyNT3 social policy

NT4 positive discriminationNT4 racial equalityNT4 social research

NT3 youth policyNT4 youth aidNT4 youth protection

NT2 ministryNT3 ministry of educationNT3 ministry of labour

NT2 regional and local authorityNT3 local authority

NT4 community developmentNT4 community participation

NT3 regional authorityNT4 regional cooperationNT4 regional policy

NT1 parliament



12. Society

behaviourNT1 attitudeNT1 entrepreneurshipNT1 ethicsNT1 individualismNT1 leadershipNT1 motivationNT1 social behaviour

NT2 discriminationNT3 racial discriminationNT3 sex discriminationNT3 social discrimination

NT2 interpersonal relationsNT2 marginalisationNT2 social interactionNT2 social role

NT3 parental roleNT4 parental attitude

NT2 socialisationNT1 teacher role

healthNT1 mental healthNT1 physical health

societyNT1 information society

NT2 knowledge societyNT1 religionNT1 social change

NT2 modernisationNT2 social effect

NT1 social environmentNT2 culture

NT3 cultural identityNT3 multicultural environment

NT2 family environmentNT2 socio economic conditions

NT3 living conditionsNT4 povertyNT4 wealth

NT3 quality of lifeNT1 social inequalityNT1 social integration

NT2 citizenshipNT2 cultural integrationNT2 migrant integrationNT2 segregationNT2 social exclusionNT2 social identity

NT1 social mobilityNT2 social promotion

NT1 social movementNT1 social originNT1 social problem

NT2 addictionNT2 delinquency

NT3 juvenile delinquencyNT1 social status

NT2 female statusNT1 social structure

NT2 social classNT3 elite

NT4 gifted personNT3 working class

sociocultural groupNT1 disabled person

NT2 mentally disabled personNT2 physically disabled personNT2 socially disabled person

NT1 disadvantaged groupNT1 ethnic groupNT1 family

NT2 parentsNT1 interest groupNT1 migrant

NT2 migrant womanNT2 migrant’s childNT2 refugee

NT1 minority groupNT1 youth

NT2 rural youthNT2 urban youth



13. Population

populationNT1 censusNT1 migration

NT2 geographical mobilityNT2 international migration

NT3 emigrationNT4 country of origin

NT3 immigrationNT4 host country

NT3 return migrationNT1 population distribution

NT2 age distributionNT2 age group

NT3 adolescentNT3 adultNT3 childNT3 older personNT3 young person

NT2 sex distributionNT3 manNT3 woman

NT2 working age populationNT1 population trends

NT2 population decline

14. Countries and regions

AfricaNT1 Central Africa

NT2 CameroonNT2 Central African RepublicNT2 ChadNT2 CongoNT2 Congo Democratic RepublicNT2 Equatorial GuineaNT2 Gabon

NT1 East AfricaNT2 BurundiNT2 DjiboutiNT2 EritreaNT2 EthiopiaNT2 KenyaNT2 RwandaNT2 SomaliaNT2 SudanNT2 TanzaniaNT2 Uganda

NT1 North AfricaNT2 EgyptNT2 LibyaNT2 Maghreb

NT3 AlgeriaNT3 MoroccoNT3 Tunisia

NT1 Southern AfricaNT2 AngolaNT2 BotswanaNT2 LesothoNT2 MadagascarNT2 MalawiNT2 MauritiusNT2 MozambiqueNT2 NamibiaNT2 ReunionNT2 South AfricaNT2 SwazilandNT2 ZambiaNT2 Zimbabwe

NT1 West AfricaNT2 BeninNT2 Burkina FasoNT2 Cape VerdeNT2 GambiaNT2 GhanaNT2 GuineaNT2 Guinea BissauNT2 Ivory CoastNT2 LiberiaNT2 Mali



NT2 MauritaniaNT2 NigerNT2 NigeriaNT2 SenegalNT2 Sierra LeoneNT2 TogoNT2 Western Sahara

AmericaNT1 Caribbean island

NT2 Greater AntillesNT3 BahamasNT3 CubaNT3 HaitiNT3 JamaicaNT3 Puerto Rico

NT2 Lesser AntillesNT3 British West IndiesNT3 French West IndiesNT3 Netherlands Antilles

NT1 Latin AmericaNT2 Central America

NT3 Costa RicaNT3 El SalvadorNT3 GuatemalaNT3 HondurasNT3 NicaraguaNT3 Panama

NT2 South AmericaNT3 ArgentinaNT3 BoliviaNT3 BrazilNT3 ChileNT3 ColombiaNT3 EcuadorNT3 ParaguayNT3 PeruNT3 SurinameNT3 UruguayNT3 Venezuela

NT1 North AmericaNT2 CanadaNT2 MexicoNT2 United States

AsiaNT1 Central Asia

NT2 KazakhstanNT2 KyrgyzstanNT2 MongoliaNT2 TajikistanNT2 TurkmenistanNT2 Uzbekistan

NT1 Far EastNT2 China

NT2 Hong KongNT2 JapanNT2 MacaoNT2 North KoreaNT2 South KoreaNT2 Taiwan

NT1 Middle EastNT2 AfghanistanNT2 Autonomous Territories of PalestineNT2 Gulf States

NT3 BahrainNT3 IranNT3 IraqNT3 KuwaitNT3 OmanNT3 QatarNT3 Saudi ArabiaNT3 United Arab Emirates

NT2 IsraelNT2 Mashreq

NT3 JordanNT3 LebanonNT3 Syria

NT2 YemenNT1 South Asia

NT2 BangladeshNT2 BhutanNT2 IndiaNT2 MaldivesNT2 NepalNT2 PakistanNT2 Sri Lanka

NT1 South East AsiaNT2 BruneiNT2 CambodiaNT2 East TimorNT2 IndonesiaNT2 LaosNT2 MalaysiaNT2 MyanmarNT2 PhilippinesNT2 SingaporeNT2 ThailandNT2 Vietnam

EU countries

EuropeNT1 Eastern Europe

NT2 AlbaniaNT2 ArmeniaNT2 AzerbaijanNT2 Baltic States

NT3 EstoniaNT3 Latvia



NT3 LithuaniaNT2 BelarusNT2 Bosnia HerzegovinaNT2 BulgariaNT2 CroatiaNT2 Czech RepublicNT2 former USSRNT2 former Yugoslav Republic of

MacedoniaNT2 former YugoslaviaNT2 GeorgiaNT2 HungaryNT2 KosovoNT2 MontenegroNT2 PolandNT2 Republic of MoldovaNT2 RomaniaNT2 RussiaNT2 SerbiaNT2 Slovak RepublicNT2 SloveniaNT2 UkraineNT2 Vojvodina

NT1 Northern EuropeNT2 FaroesNT2 GreenlandNT2 IcelandNT2 Scandinavia

NT3 DenmarkNT3 FinlandNT3 NorwayNT3 Sweden

NT1 Southern EuropeNT2 AndorraNT2 CyprusNT2 GibraltarNT2 Greece

NT3 AtticaNT3 Central GreeceNT3 CreteNT3 EpirusNT3 Ionian islandNT3 MacedoniaNT3 Northern AegeanNT3 PeloponneseNT3 Southern AegeanNT3 ThessalyNT3 Western Greece

NT2 ItalyNT3 AbruzziNT3 ApuliaNT3 BasilicataNT3 CalabriaNT3 CampaniaNT3 Emilia Romagna

NT3 Friuli Venezia GiuliaNT3 LatiumNT3 LiguriaNT3 LombardyNT3 MarcheNT3 MoliseNT3 PiedmontNT3 SardiniaNT3 SicilyNT3 Trentino Alto AdigeNT3 TuscanyNT3 UmbriaNT3 Valle d’AostaNT3 Veneto

NT2 MaltaNT2 MonacoNT2 Portugal

NT3 AlentejoNT3 AlgarveNT3 AzoresNT3 Central PortugalNT3 Lisbon and the Tagus ValleyNT3 MadeiraNT3 Northern Portugal

NT2 San MarinoNT2 Spain

NT3 AndalusiaNT3 AragonNT3 AsturiasNT3 Balearic islandNT3 Basque countryNT3 Canary islandNT3 CantabriaNT3 Castille La ManchaNT3 Castille and LeonNT3 CataloniaNT3 CeutaNT3 Community of MadridNT3 Community of ValenciaNT3 ExtremaduraNT3 GaliciaNT3 MelillaNT3 NavarreNT3 Region of MurciaNT3 Rioja

NT2 TurkeyNT2 Vatican

NT1 Western EuropeNT2 Austria

NT3 BurgenlandNT3 CarinthiaNT3 Lower AustriaNT3 SalzburgNT3 StyriaNT3 Tyrol



NT3 Upper AustriaNT3 ViennaNT3 Vorarlberg

NT2 BelgiumNT3 Brussels Capital RegionNT3 Flemish communityNT3 Flemish regionNT3 French communityNT3 German speaking communityNT3 Walloon region

NT2 Channel islandNT2 France

NT3 AlsaceNT3 AquitaineNT3 AuvergneNT3 BrittanyNT3 BurgundyNT3 CentreNT3 Champagne ArdenneNT3 CorsicaNT3 Franche ComtéNT3 French Overseas DepartmentsNT3 French Overseas TerritoriesNT3 Ile-de-FranceNT3 Languedoc-RoussillonNT3 LimousinNT3 Loire RegionNT3 LorraineNT3 Lower NormandyNT3 Midi-PyrénéesNT3 Nord-Pas-de-CalaisNT3 PicardyNT3 Poitou-CharentesNT3 Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’AzurNT3 Rhône-AlpesNT3 Upper Normandy

NT2 GermanyNT3 Baden WürttembergNT3 BavariaNT3 BerlinNT3 BrandenburgNT3 BremenNT3 former GDRNT3 HamburgNT3 HessenNT3 Lower SaxonyNT3 Mecklenburg West PomeraniaNT3 North Rhine WestphaliaNT3 Rhineland PalatinateNT3 SaarlandNT3 SaxonyNT3 Saxony AnhaltNT3 Schleswig HolsteinNT3 Thuringia

NT2 IrelandNT3 ConnachtNT3 LeinsterNT3 MunsterNT3 Ulster

NT2 Isle of ManNT2 LiechtensteinNT2 LuxembourgNT2 Netherlands

NT3 DrentheNT3 FlevolandNT3 FrieslandNT3 GelderlandNT3 GroningenNT3 LimburgNT3 North BrabantNT3 North HollandNT3 OverijsselNT3 South HollandNT3 UtrechtNT3 Zeeland

NT2 SwitzerlandNT2 United Kingdom

NT3 EnglandNT4 East AngliaNT4 East MidlandsNT4 North West EnglandNT4 Northern EnglandNT4 South East EnglandNT4 South West EnglandNT4 West MidlandsNT4 Yorkshire and Humberside

NT3 Northern IrelandNT3 ScotlandNT3 Wales

OceaniaNT1 AustraliaNT1 MelanesiaNT1 MicronesiaNT1 New ZealandNT1 Polynesia

OECD countries



15. European Union

Community fi nanceNT1 Community budgetNT1 Community funds

Community institutionsNT1 agencies and other bodies

NT2 CedefopNT2 European Administrative SchoolNT2 European Agency for Safety Health at

WorkNT2 European Central BankNT2 European Foundation for the

Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

NT2 European Personnel Selection Offi ceNT2 European Training FoundationNT2 EurostatNT2 Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the

European CommunitiesNT2 Translation Centre for Bodies of the

European UnionNT1 Committee of the RegionsNT1 Council of the European UnionNT1 Court of JusticeNT1 European CommissionNT1 European Court of AuditorsNT1 European Economic and Social

CommitteeNT1 European Investment BankNT1 European OmbudsmanNT1 European Parliament

Community lawNT1 Community legislation

NT2 Community decisionNT2 Community directiveNT2 Community opinionNT2 Community recommendationNT2 Community regulationNT2 Community resolution

NT1 European Treaty

European constructionNT1 Community activity

NT2 Community programmeNT3 AdaptNT3 Employment programmeNT3 EqualNT3 ErasmusNT3 EuropassNT3 European dimensionNT3 European year

NT3 GrundtvigNT3 Leonardo da VinciNT3 Lifelong Learning ProgrammeNT3 LinguaNT3 MinervaNT3 SocratesNT3 TempusNT3 Youth programme

NT1 Community external relationsNT1 Community policyNT1 EC internal marketNT1 enlargement of the CommunityNT1 European Union

16. International organisations

international organisationNT1 Council of EuropeNT1 EFTANT1 EurydiceNT1 OECDNT1 United Nations

NT2 ILONT2 Unesco

NT1 World Bank



17. Document type

annual reportatlasbibliographycataloguechatcommentarycompilationconference paperdatabasedictionarydirectorydiscussion listdocumentary dossierdraftemailencyclopediaglossarygreen paperguidejournaljournal articlejournal issuelearning materiallegal textmailing listmonographmonograph partnewspaperpamphletpress releaseproceedingsreportseriesspeechstandardthesaurusthesiswebsitewhite paperwork programmeworking paperyearbook

18. Auxiliary terms

evaluationNT1 evaluation method

modelNT1 mathematical model

researchNT1 action researchNT1 empirical researchNT1 experimental researchNT1 fundamental researchNT1 historical research

research methodNT1 case studyNT1 comparative analysisNT1 cost analysisNT1 cost benefi t analysisNT1 methodologyNT1 qualitative analysis

research techniqueNT1 experimentationNT1 forecasting

NT2 trendNT1 interviewNT1 measurementNT1 observationNT1 progressionNT1 questioning

NT2 questionnaireNT1 survey

statistical analysis


Main alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

A level FD Learning (3)FR baccalauréatSN Certifi cate of Education Advanced Level

(A Level) is normally awarded at the end of 2 years of post-compulsory general education to pupils who meet the required standards. It is a qualifi cation for entry to higher education (Eurydice).

UF school leaving certifi cateBT certifi cate

ability USE aptitude

Abruzzi FD Countries and regions (14)FR AbruzzesBT Italy

absenteeism FD Enterprise (7)FR absentéismeBT work attitude

academic degree FD Learning (3)FR diplôme universitaireUF college degree

university degreeBT certifi cateRT higher education graduate

university studies

accelerated course USE intensive training

accelerated training USE intensive training

access to education FD Education (2)FR accès à l’éducationUF educational admissionBT educational policyNT registrationRT access to training

entrance examinationequal opportunitieslanguage barrierright to education

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ


access to employment 48 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

access to employment FD Labour (6)FR accès à l’emploiUF access to labour marketBT labour marketNT employment opportunity

entry into working lifeRT employment policy

recruitmentright to work

access to information FD Information and communication (5)FR accès à l’informationBT informationNT information centre

information networkRT right to education

right to information

access to labour market USE access to employment

access to training FD Training (1)FR accès à la formationUF admission to trainingBT training policyNT admission requirements

selection procedureRT access to education

entrance examinationright to training

accident prevention USE occupational safety

accountant FD Occupations (8)FR comptableUF auditorBT business worker

accreditation of education and training providers FD Training (1)FR Agrément des prestataires

d’enseignement ou de formationSN A process of quality assurance through

which accredited status is granted to an education or training provider, showing it has been approved by the relevant

legislative or professional authorities by having met predetermined standards. (Source: adapted from Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials).

UF accreditation of training institutionsBT training management

accreditation of prior learning USE validation of learning outcomes

accreditation of training FD Training (1)FR homologation de la formationSN The process of granting accredited status

to training. BT training management

accreditation of training institutions USE accreditation of education and training

providers

accreditation of training organisations USE accreditation of education and training

providers

achievement USE performance

act USE law

action plan USE work programme

action research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche actionSN A family of research methodologies which

pursue action and research outcomes at the same time.

BT research

actor USE performing artist

Adapt FD European Union (15)FR AdaptSN The Adapt (1994-1999) initiative aims

to contribute to the adaptation of the workforce to industrial change, and to


European Training ThesaurusEN – 49 adult training

improve the workings of the labour market with a view to growth, employment and the competitiveness of companies in the European Union.

BT Community programme

adaptability USE fl exibility

adaptation training USE upskilling

addiction FD Society (12)FR toxicomanieUF alcoholism

drug addictionnarcotic addiction

BT social problem

adjustment training USE upskilling

administration FD Administration (11)FR administrationUF administrative sciences

administrative sectorNT administrative structure

awarding bodylabour administrationmanagementplanningpublic administrationtraining administration

RT educational administrationenterprise

administration management USE management

administration worker USE public service personnel

administrative and fi nancial personnel USE business worker

administrative law USE legislation

administrative sciences USE administration

administrative sector USE administration

administrative structure FD Administration (11)FR structure administrativeBT administrationNT centralisation

decentralisationRT management

admission requirements FD Training (1)FR conditions d’admissionSN Conditions (examination, certifi cates,

proof of skills, etc.) of entrance to courses of study, training, etc.

BT access to trainingRT recruitment

admission to training USE access to training

adolescent FD Population (13)FR adolescentBT age groupRT youth

adult FD Population (13)FR adulteBT age groupRT maturity

adult education USE continuing education

adult illiteracy USE illiteracy

adult innumeracy USE numeracy

adult learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage des adultesBT learningRT adult training

continuing education

adult training FD Training (1)FR formation des adultesUF adult vocational trainingBT target groupRT adult learning




adult vocational training 50 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

adult vocational training USE adult training

advanced technology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR technologie avancéeBT technology

advancement USE promotion

advertiser FD Occupations (8)FR profession de la publicitéBT commercial personnelRT business service

advertising USE business service

aerospace industry USE aircraft industry

Afghanistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR AfghanistanBT Middle East

Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR AfriqueNT Central Africa

East AfricaNorth AfricaSouthern AfricaWest Africa

age distribution FD Population (13)FR répartition par âgeBT population distribution

age group FD Population (13)FR groupe d’âgeBT population distributionNT adolescent

adultchildolder personyoung person

ageing worker USE older worker

agencies and other bodies FD European Union (15)FR agences et autres organismesBT Community institutionsNT Cedefop

European Administrative SchoolEuropean Agency for Safety Health at WorkEuropean Central BankEuropean Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working ConditionsEuropean Personnel Selection Offi ceEuropean Training FoundationEurostatOffi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European CommunitiesTranslation Centre for Bodies of the European Union

agricultural policy FD Economy (10)FR politique agricoleBT economic policyRT agriculture

agricultural worker USE agriculture worker

agriculture FD Economic activities (9)FR agricultureUF viticultureNT forestry

horticultureRT agricultural policy

agriculture workereconomic developmentfood industryprimary sector

agriculture worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’agricultureUF agricultural workerBT occupationNT farmer

gardenerRT agriculture

veterinary worker

air traffi c controller USE air transport personnel

air transport USE transport


European Training ThesaurusEN – 51 appreciation training

air transport personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession du transport aérienUF air traffi c controller

aircraft pilotfl ight attendant

BT transport services workerRT transport

aircraft industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie aéronautiqueUF aerospace industryBT machinery industryRT transport

aircraft pilot USE air transport personnel

Albania FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlbanieBT Eastern Europe

alcoholism USE addiction

Alentejo FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlentejoBT Portugal

Algarve FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlgarveBT Portugal

Algeria FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlgérieBT Maghreb

Alsace FD Countries and regions (14)FR AlsaceBT France

alternance training USE alternating training

alternating training FD Training (1)FR formation en alternanceSN Training alternating periods at a school

or training centre and at the workplace.

The alternance scheme can take place on a weekly, monthly or yearly basis. Depending on the country and applicable status, participants may be contractually linked to the employer and/or receive remuneration. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

UF alternance trainingsandwich course

BT training systemNT apprenticeship

dual systemRT work experience

ambulance personnel USE paramedical personnel

America FD Countries and regions (14)FR AmériqueNT Caribbean island

Latin AmericaNorth America

Amsterdam Treaty USE European Treaty

Andalusia FD Countries and regions (14)FR AndalousieBT Spain

Andorra FD Countries and regions (14)FR AndorreBT Southern Europe

Angola FD Countries and regions (14)FR AngolaBT Southern Africa

annual report FD Document type (17)FR rapport annuel

applied learning USE learning

applied sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences appliquées

appreciation training USE upskilling



apprentice 52 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

apprentice FD Training (1)FR apprentiBT traineeRT apprenticeship

level of qualifi cationoccupational status

apprenticeship FD Training (1)FR apprentissage professionnelSN Systematic, long-term training alternating

periods at the workplace and at a school or training centre. The apprentice is contractually linked to the employer and receives remuneration (wage or allowance). The employer assumes responsibility for providing the trainee with training leading to a specifi c occupation. (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)

BT alternating trainingRT Apprentice

apprenticeship contract

apprenticeship contract FD Labour (6)FR contrat d’apprentissageBT labour contractRT apprenticeship

vocational training

aptitude FD Learning (3)FR aptitudeUF abilityBT personal developmentRT aptitude test

competenceknow how

aptitude test FD Training (1)FR test d’aptitudeBT selection procedureRT aptitude

test

Apulia FD Countries and regions (14)FR PouillesBT Italy

Aquitaine FD Countries and regions (14)FR AquitaineBT France

Aragon FD Countries and regions (14)FR AragonBT Spain

archaeology USE history

architect FD Occupations (8)FR architecteBT construction workerNT landscape gardenerRT architecture

urban planning

architecture FD Economic activities (9)FR architectureBT artsRT architect

construction industry

archives USE information service

archivist USE information personnel

Argentina FD Countries and regions (14)FR ArgentineBT South America

armament industry USE machinery industry

Armenia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ArménieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

army USE services


European Training ThesaurusEN – 53 atypical worker

artifi cial intelligence FD Information and communication (5)FR intelligence artifi cielleUF knowledge based systemBT computer applicationNT expert system

artisan USE craftsman

artist FD Occupations (8)FR artisteBT cultural sector employee

arts FD Economic activities (9)FR artsUF dance

folk artsNT architecture

fi ne artsgraphic artshandicraftmusicrestorationtheatre

RT literature

Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR AsieNT Central Asia

Far EastMiddle EastSouth AsiaSouth East Asia

assessment USE evaluation

assessment of competences USE assessment of learning outcomes

assessment of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR évaluation des résultats d’apprentissagesSN The process of appraising knowledge,

know-how, skills and/or competences of an individual against predefi ned criteria (learning expectations, measurement of learning outcomes). Assessment is typically followed by validation and

certifi cation. In the literature, ‘assessment’ generally refers to appraisal of individuals whereas ‘evaluation’ is more frequently used to describe appraisal of education and training methods or providers. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

UF assessment of competences competence assessmentBT competence

association FD Administration (11)FR associationUF organisationNT chamber of commerce

professional associationvoluntary organisationyouth organisation

RT international organisationtype of enterprise

astronomer USE science worker

Asturias FD Countries and regions (14)FR AsturiesBT Spain

atlas FD Document type (17)FR atlas

Attica FD Countries and regions (14)FR AttiqueBT Greece

attitude FD Society (12)FR attitudeUF opinionBT behaviourRT individualism

motivationpersonality

attitude toward school USE trainees’ attitude

atypical worker USE casual worker



audiovisual aid 54 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

audiovisual aid FD Learning (3)FR moyen audiovisuelSN Training aid which draws on both sight

and sound for teaching purposes (e. g. sound fi lm, video tape, slides with sound track, etc.).

BT training aidNT educational television

videoRT audiovisual industry

audiovisual methodinteractive video

audiovisual industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie audiovisuelleUF photographyBT communications industryRT audiovisual aid

audiovisual instruction USE audiovisual method

audiovisual method FD Learning (3)FR méthode audiovisuelleUF audiovisual instructionBT training methodRT audiovisual aid

auditor USE accountant

Australia FD Countries and regions (14)FR AustralieBT OceaniaRT OECD countries

Austria FD Countries and regions (14)FR AutricheBT Western EuropeNT Burgenland

CarinthiaLower AustriaSalzburgStyriaTyrolUpper AustriaViennaVorarlberg

RT EU countriesOECD countries

authoring system USE training software

automated translation USE translation

automation FD Sciences and technology (4)FR automatisationSN The use of automatic devices in

production and assembly operations and their control.

BT technologyRT innovation

offi ce automationroboticswork organisation

automobile industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie automobileUF car industryBT machinery industryRT transport

Autonomous Territories of Palestine FD Countries and regions (14)FR territoires autonomes de PalestineUF Palestine authorityBT Middle East

Auvergne FD Countries and regions (14)FR AuvergneBT France

awarding body FD Administration (11)FR organisme certifi cateurSN A body which provides certifi cation

for skills acquired both formally and informally.

UF responsible bodyBT administrationRT certifi cation of learning outcomes

non-formal learning

Azerbaijan FD Countries and regions (14)FR AzerbaïdjanBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

Azores FD Countries and regions (14)


European Training ThesaurusEN – 55 Basque country

FR AçoresBT Portugal

bacteriologist USE biologist

Baden Württemberg FD Countries and regions (14)FR Bade-WurtembergBT Germany

Bahamas FD Countries and regions (14)FR BahamasBT Greater Antilles

Bahrain FD Countries and regions (14)FR BahreïnBT Gulf States

baker USE food worker

Balearic island FD Countries and regions (14)FR Îles BaléaresBT Spain

Baltic States FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-BaltesBT Eastern EuropeNT Estonia

LatviaLithuania

RT former USSR

Bangladesh FD Countries and regions (14)FR BangladeshBT South Asia

banking FD Economic activities (9)FR secteur bancaireBT fi nancial serviceRT banking personnel

banking personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession du secteur bancaireBT business workerRT banking

barber USE hairdresser

basic education FD Education (2)FR éducation de baseSN Instruction in subjects of elementary

education. UF consumer education

fundamental educationoral expression

NT literacynumeracy

RT basic skillbasic trainingcomputer literacycontent of educationsocial skill

basic skill FD Learning (3)FR compétences de baseSN The skills needed to live in contemporary

society, listening, speaking, reading, writing and mathematics. Combined with new basic skills, basic skills form key competences. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.)

BT SkillRT basic education

basic training FD Training (1)FR formation de baseSN Training given in a school or undertaking

and aiming at imparting the fundamentals of an occupation or group of occupations.

BT type of trainingRT basic education

key competences

basic wage USE wage

Basilicata FD Countries and regions (14)FR BasilicateBT Italy

Basque country FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-BasqueBT Spain



Bavaria 56 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Bavaria FD Countries and regions (14)FR BavièreBT Germany

beautician FD Occupations (8)FR esthéticienUF manicuristBT services workerRT hairdresser

behaviour FD Society (12)FR comportementNT attitude

entrepreneurshipethicsindividualismleadershipmotivationsocial behaviourteacher role

RT personal development

Belarus FD Countries and regions (14)FR BélarusBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

Belgium FD Countries and regions (14)FR BelgiqueBT Western EuropeNT Brussels Capital Region

Flemish communityFlemish regionFrench communityGerman speaking communityWalloon region


Benin FD Countries and regions (14)FR BéninBT West Africa

Berlin FD Countries and regions (14)FR BerlinBT Germany

best practice USE case study

beverage industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie des boissonsBT food industry

beverage worker USE food worker

Bhutan FD Countries and regions (14)FR BhoutanBT South Asia

bibliography FD Document type (17)FR bibliographieSN Secondary document listing entries

in a specifi ed order and containing elements which describe and uniquely identify documents. Use the descriptor “bibliography” for any organised list of references (alphabetised or arranged in any other logical way).

bilingualism FD Information and communication (5)FR bilinguismeBT multilingualism

bioengineering USE biotechnology

biologist FD Occupations (8)FR biologisteUF bacteriologist

botanistBT science workerRT biology

biology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR biologieUF botany

zoologyBT natural sciencesNT ecology

medicineRT biologist

biotechnology


European Training ThesaurusEN – 57 Burgenland

biotechnology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR biotechnologieUF bioengineeringBT technologyRT biology

chemistry

black economy USE informal sector

blind person USE physically disabled person

blue collar worker USE manual worker

boatman USE transport services worker

Bolivia FD Countries and regions (14)FR BolivieBT South America

book industry USE publishing

book keeping USE clerical work

booklet USE pamphlet

Bosnia Herzegovina FD Countries and regions (14)FR Bosnie-et-HerzégovineBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

botanist USE biologist

botany USE biology

Botswana FD Countries and regions (14)FR BotswanaBT Southern Africa

Brandenburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR BrandebourgBT Germany

Brazil FD Countries and regions (14)FR BrésilBT South America

Bremen FD Countries and regions (14)FR BrêmeBT Germany

British West Indies FD Countries and regions (14)FR Antilles anglaisesBT Lesser AntillesRT United Kingdom

Brittany FD Countries and regions (14)FR BretagneBT France

brochure USE pamphlet

Brunei FD Countries and regions (14)FR BruneiBT South East Asia

Brussels Capital Region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région de Bruxelles-CapitaleBT Belgium

budget FD Economy (10)FR budgetBT fi nancial managementRT training budget

building industry USE construction industry

Bulgaria FD Countries and regions (14)FR BulgarieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

Burgenland FD Countries and regions (14)FR BurgenlandBT Austria



Burgundy 58 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Burgundy FD Countries and regions (14)FR BourgogneBT France

Burkina Faso FD Countries and regions (14)FR Burkina FasoBT West Africa

Burundi FD Countries and regions (14)FR BurundiBT East Africa

bus worker USE transport services worker

business administration USE company management

business administration training USE management training

business communication USE management training

business creation USE enterprise creation

business economics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR économie de l’entrepriseUF business studiesBT economicsRT company management

business education USE management training

business engineer USE management training

business ethics USE management training

business failure USE management training

business games USE management training

business language course USE foreign language skill

business management USE company management

business restructuring USE organisational change

business service FD Economic activities (9)FR service aux entreprisesUF advertising

public relationsBT servicesNT management counselling

marketingRT advertiser

consultant

business studies USE business economics

business worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du secteur commercialUF administrative and fi nancial personnel

managerial personnelBT occupationNT accountant

banking personnelclerical workercommercial personnelconsultantinsurance personnel

butcher USE food worker

buyer FD Occupations (8)FR acheteurBT commercial personnel

cabinet maker USE wood worker

CAD USE computer aided design

Calabria FD Countries and regions (14)FR CalabreBT Italy

CAM USE computer aided manufacturing


European Training ThesaurusEN – 59 career development

Cambodia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CambodgeBT South East Asia

Cameroon FD Countries and regions (14)FR CamerounBT Central Africa

Campania FD Countries and regions (14)FR CampanieBT Italy

Canada FD Countries and regions (14)FR CanadaBT North AmericaRT OECD countries

Canary island FD Countries and regions (14)FR CanariesBT Spain

canning industry USE food industry

Cantabria FD Countries and regions (14)FR CantabrieBT Spain

capability USE skill

Cape Verde FD Countries and regions (14)FR Cap-VertBT West Africa

capital FD Economy (10)FR capitalBT fi nancial resource

capital aid USE fi nancial resource

capital resource USE fi nancial resource

car industry USE automobile industry

career FD Enterprise (7)FR carrièreBT human resources managementNT career break

career developmentRT employment

occupation

career aspiration USE vocational aspiration

career break FD Enterprise (7)FR interruption de carrièreUF mid career breakBT careerRT return to work

career change FD Enterprise (7)FR changement de carrièreUF occupational change

occupational transformationvocational change

BT career developmentRT employment monitoring system

retrainingsocial mobility

career choice FD Training (1)FR choix de carrièreUF choice of training

occupational choicevocational choice

BT vocational guidance

career development FD Enterprise (7)FR évolution de carrièreUF career opportunityBT careerNT career change

career planningcareer prospectscareer recordcurriculum vitaeoccupational mobilityoccupational successpromotionvocational aspiration

RT vocational guidance



career guidance 60 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

career guidance USE vocational guidance

career information USE vocational information

career management USE career planning

career opportunity USE career development

career planning FD Enterprise (7)FR planifi cation de carrièreUF career managementBT career development

career profi le USE work experience

career prospects FD Enterprise (7)FR perspectives de carrièreBT career development

career record FD Enterprise (7)FR bilan professionnelBT career developmentRT non-formal learning

careers education USE vocational guidance

careers service USE guidance service

caretaker USE services worker

Caribbean island FD Countries and regions (14)FR CaraïbesBT AmericaNT Greater Antilles

Lesser Antilles

Carinthia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CarinthieBT Austria

carpenter USE wood worker

case law USE legislation

case study FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR étude de casUF best practiceBT research method

Castille La Mancha FD Countries and regions (14)FR Castille-La MancheBT Spain

Castille and Leon FD Countries and regions (14)FR Castille-et-LeonBT Spain

casual worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur occasionnelUF atypical worker

marginal workerBT temporary workerRT conditions of employment

catalogue FD Document type (17)FR catalogueUF library catalogue

online catalogue

Catalonia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CatalogneBT Spain

catering industry USE hotel industry

catering personnel USE hotel personnel

CdT USE Translation Centre for Bodies of the

European Union

Cedefop FD European Union (15)FR CedefopUF European Centre for the Development of

Vocational TrainingBT agencies and other bodies


European Training ThesaurusEN – 61 certifi cation of competences

RT information centreinformation networkresearch centre

cement industry USE construction industry

census FD Population (13)FR recensementBT populationRT statistics

Central Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique centraleBT AfricaNT Cameroon

Central African RepublicChadCongoCongo Democratic RepublicEquatorial GuineaGabon

Central African Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République centrafricaineBT Central Africa

Central America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique centraleBT Latin AmericaNT Costa Rica

El SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaPanama

Central Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Asie centraleBT AsiaNT Kazakhstan

KyrgyzstanMongoliaTajikistanTurkmenistanUzbekistan

central government FD Administration (11)FR gouvernement central

BT governmentRT centralisation

public administration

Central Greece FD Countries and regions (14)FR Grèce centraleBT Greece

Central Portugal FD Countries and regions (14)FR Portugal centralBT Portugal

centralisation FD Administration (11)FR centralisationBT administrative structureRT central government

Centre FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région du CentreBT France

ceramics industry USE glass industry

ceramics worker USE glass worker

certifi cate FD Learning (3)FR diplômeSN An offi cial document, issued by an

awarding body, which records the achievements of an individual following assessment and validation against a predefi ned standard. (Source: Cedefop, 2006.)

UF certifi cate of competencediplomaEuropean baccalaureatetrade certifi cateuniversity entrance classifi cation

BT certifi cation of learning outcomesNT A level

academic degreeRT vocational qualifi cation

certifi cate of competence USE certifi cate

certifi cation of competences USE certifi cation of learning outcomes



certifi cation of learning outcomes 62 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

certifi cation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR certifi cation des résultats d’apprentissageSN The process of issuing a certifi cate,

diploma or title formally attesting that a set of learning outcomes (knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences) acquired by an individual have been assessed and validated by a competent body against a predefi ned standard. Certifi cation may validate the outcome of learning acquired in formal, non-formal or informal settings. (Source: Cedefop, 2002 and 2006.)

UF certifi cation of competencesvalidation of competences

NT certifi catecomparability of qualifi cationsequivalence of certifi catesrecognition of qualifi cationstraining credittraining passporttransparency of qualifi cationsvalidation of learning outcomes

RT awarding bodycompletion of training

Ceuta FD Countries and regions (14)FR CeutaBT Spain

Chad FD Countries and regions (14)FR TchadBT Central Africa

chamber of commerce FD Administration (11)FR chambre de commerceUF chamber of industry and commerceBT associationRT industry

trade

chamber of industry and commerce USE chamber of commerce

Champagne Ardenne FD Countries and regions (14)FR Champagne-ArdennesBT France

Channel island FD Countries and regions (14)

FR îles Anglo-NormandesBT Western Europe

chat FD Document type (17)FR bavardage en ligneSN Use for Internet email systems to

communicate instantaneously with others who are online.

chemical industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie chimiqueUF fertiliser industry

petrochemical industryrubber industry

BT industryNT pharmaceutical industry

plastics industry

chemist FD Occupations (8)FR chimisteBT science worker

chemistry FD Sciences and technology (4)FR chimieBT pure sciencesRT biotechnology

child FD Population (13)FR enfantBT age groupRT child care facilities

children’s rightsfamily

child benefi t USE family allowance

child care facilities FD Administration (11)FR service de garde d’enfantUF child minding service

day carework place nursery

BT social serviceRT child

female employment

child minding service USE child care facilities


European Training ThesaurusEN – 63 clerical work

children’s rights FD Administration (11)FR droits de l’enfantUF rights of the childBT human rightsRT child

Chile FD Countries and regions (14)FR ChiliBT South America

China FD Countries and regions (14)FR ChineBT Far East

choice of studies FD Education (2)FR choix des étudesBT educational guidanceRT training abroad

choice of training USE career choice

church USE religion

cinema USE fi lm industry

circular USE regulation

citizenship FD Society (12)FR citoyennetéUF nationalityBT social integrationRT civil rights

city government USE local authority

city planning USE urban planning

civil engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR génie civilBT engineeringRT construction industry

civil liberty USE civil rights

civil rights FD Administration (11)FR droits du citoyenUF civil libertyBT human rightsNT freedom of movementRT citizenship

civil servant FD Labour (6)FR fonctionnaireBT occupational statusRT civil service

clerical worker

civil service FD Administration (11)FR fonction publiqueBT public administrationRT civil servant

public service

clandestine employment USE illegal work

clandestine work USE illegal work

cleaner USE services worker

clerical personnel USE clerical worker

clerical training FD Training (1)FR formation aux emplois de bureauUF secretarial trainingBT sectoral trainingRT clerical work

clerical worker

clerical work FD Economic activities (9)FR emploi de bureauUF book keeping

offi ce workBT servicesRT clerical training

clerical workeroffi ce automation



clerical worker 64 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

clerical worker FD Occupations (8)FR employé de bureauUF clerical personnel

data typistoffi ce clerkoffi ce workertelephonisttypist

BT business workerNT secretaryRT civil servant

clerical trainingclerical workoffi ce automation

client group USE target group

clothing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du vêtementUF dressmakingBT textile industryRT leather industry

textile worker

coal miner USE miner

cognition USE cognitive process

cognitive process FD Learning (3)FR processus cognitifUF cognitionBT intellectual developmentRT problem solving

collective agreement FD Enterprise (7)FR convention collectiveSN Agreement concerning the working

conditions of a particular group of workers concluded between the workers’ representatives and the employers.

UF tariff agreementBT labour relationsRT collective bargaining

collective bargaining FD Enterprise (7)FR négociation collective

SN The process by which representatives of employers and those of the employees discuss and negotiate the various phases of their relationship with a view to arriving at a mutually acceptable labour agreement.

BT labour relationsRT collective agreement

college degree USE academic degree

college entrance certifi cate USE entrance examination

college of education FD Education (2)FR centre de formation des enseignantsUF teacher training collegeBT higher education instituteRT teacher training

training centre

college of further education USE post secondary education

college of technology USE non-university higher education

Colombia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ColombieBT South America

commentary FD Document type (17)FR commentaireSN Use for commentary on legal texts or

documents (the discussion of the Treaty of Amsterdam). Use legal text for the text itself.

commerce USE trade

commercial distribution FD Economic activities (9)FR distributionUF distributive tradeBT tradeNT electronic commerce

retail tradewholesale trade


European Training ThesaurusEN – 65 Community funds

commercial personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel commercialUF sales occupation

sales representativesales worker

BT business workerNT advertiser

buyersales person

RT trade

Committee of the Regions FD European Union (15)FR Comité des régionsBT Community institutions

communication FD Information and communication (5)FR communicationNT communication medium

interpersonal communication

communication medium FD Information and communication (5)FR moyen de communicationBT communicationNT language

mass mediatelecommunication

RT distance learning

communication skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence en communicationUF interactive skillBT social skillRT interpersonal communication

communications industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de la communicationBT industryNT audiovisual industry

fi lm industryprinting industrypublishingtelecommunications industry

RT mass media

communications satellite USE satellite communication

Community activity FD European Union (15)FR activité communautaireBT European constructionNT Community programme

Community budget FD European Union (15)FR budget communautaireBT Community fi nanceRT European Court of Auditors

Community decision FD European Union (15)FR décision communautaireUF EC decisionBT Community legislation

community development FD Administration (11)FR développement localBT local authorityRT local planning

Community directive FD European Union (15)FR directive communautaireUF EC directiveBT Community legislation

Community external relations FD European Union (15)FR relations extérieures de la CommunautéUF EC agreement

European Economic AreaBT European construction

Community fi nance FD European Union (15)FR fi nance communautaireNT Community budget

Community funds

Community funds FD European Union (15)FR fonds communautairesUF social fundBT Community fi nance



Community institutions 66 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Community institutions FD European Union (15)FR institutions communautairesUF EC institutionNT agencies and other bodies

Committee of the RegionsCouncil of the European UnionCourt of JusticeEuropean CommissionEuropean Court of AuditorsEuropean Economic and Social CommitteeEuropean Investment BankEuropean OmbudsmanEuropean Parliament

RT Community opinion

Community law FD European Union (15)FR droit communautaireSN Community law consists of the founding

Treaties (primary legislation) and the provisions of instruments enacted by the Community institutions by virtue of them (secondary legislation).

UF EC lawEuropean law

NT Community legislationEuropean Treaty

RT Court of Justice

Community legislation FD European Union (15)FR législation communautaireBT Community lawNT Community decision

Community directiveCommunity opinionCommunity recommendationCommunity regulationCommunity resolution

Community of Madrid FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté de MadridBT Spain

Community of Valencia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté de ValenceBT Spain

Community opinion FD European Union (15)FR avis communautaire

BT Community legislationRT Community institutions

European Commission

community participation FD Administration (11)FR participation localeBT local authorityRT social behaviour

Community policy FD European Union (15)FR politique communautaireUF EC policy

EU policyBT European construction

Community programme FD European Union (15)FR programme communautaireSN Use for describing all European

programmes and actions. UF EC programme

EU programmeBT Community activityNT Adapt

Employment programmeEqualErasmusEuropassEuropean dimensionEuropean yearGrundtvigLeonardo da VinciLifelong Learning ProgrammeLinguaMinervaSocratesTempusYouth programme

Community recommendation FD European Union (15)FR recommandation communautaireUF EC recommendationBT Community legislation

Community regulation FD European Union (15)FR règlement communautaireUF EC regulationBT Community legislation


European Training ThesaurusEN – 67 competence assessment

Community resolution FD European Union (15)FR résolution communautaireBT Community legislation

company USE enterprise

company closure FD Enterprise (7)FR fermeture d’entrepriseUF plant shutdownBT company managementRT redundancy

company fi nancing USE fi nancial management

company management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion de l’entrepriseUF business administration

business managementmanagement board

BT enterpriseNT company closure

organisational changeproduction managementreengineeringwork attitude

RT business economicsfi nancial managementoffi ce automation

comparability of certifi cations USE comparability of qualifi cations

comparability of qualifi cations FD Learning (3)FR comparabilité des certifi cationsSN The extent to which it is possible to

establish equivalence between the level and content of qualifi cations (certifi cates diplomas or titles) at sectoral, regional, national or international levels. Comparability of qualifi cations improves individuals’ employability and mobility. This term must not be confused with ‘equivalence of qualifi cations’ (which refers to the similarity of value of certifi cates or diplomas). (Source: Cedefop, 2000.)

UF comparability of certifi cations comparison of qualifi cations

BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT transparency of qualifi cations

comparative analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse comparativeUF comparative research

comparative studyBT research method

comparative education FD Education (2)FR éducation comparéeBT educational research

comparative research USE comparative analysis

comparative study USE comparative analysis

comparison of qualifi cations USE comparability of qualifi cations

competence FD Learning (3)FR compétenceSN The ability to apply learning outcomes

adequately in a defi ned context (education, work, personal or professional development). Competence is not limited to cognitive elements (involving the use of theory, concepts or tacit knowledge); it also encompasses functional aspects (involving technical skills) as well as interpersonal attributes (social or organisational skills) and ethical values. (Source: Cedefop and EQF working group, 2006.)

NT assessment of learning outcomesidentifi cation of learning outcomesrecognition of learning outcomesskill

RT aptitudeknow howknowledgeperformanceskill shortagevocational qualifi cation

competence assessment USE assessment of learning outcomes



competition 68 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

competition FD Economy (10)FR concurrenceUF competitive enterprise

competitivenesscompetitivityeconomic competition

BT economic condition

competitive employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi compétitifSN Employment where disabled workers are

bound by the same conditions, standards and pay systems as other workers.

UF open employmentBT conditions of employmentRT disabled worker

competitive enterprise USE competition

competitiveness USE competition

competitivity USE competition

compilation FD Document type (17)FR compilationUF festschrift

review

completion of training FD Training (1)FR fi nalisation de formationBT course attendanceRT certifi cation of learning outcomes

school leaving

compulsory education FD Education (2)FR enseignement obligatoireUF formal education

statutory educationBT educational administration

compulsory subject USE curriculum subject

computer FD Information and communication (5)FR ordinateur

UF interfaceterminaluser friendliness

BT hardwareNT microcomputerRT computer based learning

computer engineeringcomputing personneltraining aid

computer aided design FD Information and communication (5)FR conception assistée par ordinateurUF CAD

computer assisted designBT computer application

computer aided manufacturing FD Information and communication (5)FR fabrication assistée par ordinateurUF CAMBT computer applicationRT production

computer application FD Information and communication (5)FR application informatiqueBT informaticsNT artifi cial intelligence

computer aided designcomputer aided manufacturingcomputer graphicsfl exible manufacturing systeminformation systemoffi ce automationtelematics

RT emailrobotics

computer assisted design USE computer aided design

computer assisted instruction USE computer based learning

computer assisted learning USE computer based learning

computer based learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage assisté par ordinateurUF computer assisted instruction

computer assisted learningdidactic use of computer

BT training method


European Training ThesaurusEN – 69 Congo

RT computereLearninghypermediamultimedia systemtraining software

computer engineering FD Information and communication (5)FR ingénierie informatiqueBT informaticsRT computer

computing personnelengineering

computer graphics FD Information and communication (5)FR infographieBT computer applicationRT graphic arts

computer industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie informatiqueUF data processing industryBT industryRT informatics

computer literacy FD Training (1)FR compétences de base en informatiqueBT computer trainingRT basic education

informatics

computer network FD Information and communication (5)FR réseau informatiqueBT telecommunicationNT InternetRT hardware

information networksoftware

computer operator USE computing personnel

computer personnel USE computing personnel

computer programmer USE computing personnel

computer science USE informatics

computer scientist USE computing personnel

computer training FD Training (1)FR formation à l’informatiqueBT sectoral trainingNT computer literacy

computing personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel informatiqueUF computer operator

computer personnelcomputer programmercomputer scientistsystems analystsystems designerwebmaster

BT engineering workerRT computer

computer engineering

conditions of employment FD Labour (6)FR conditions d’emploiUF employment conditionBT employmentNT competitive employment

self employmentsheltered employmenttemporary employmenttermination of employment

RT casual workerdisabled workerworking conditions

confectioner USE food worker

conference paper FD Document type (17)FR article de conférenceSN Contribution of a speaker to a conference,

congress or meeting.

conference report USE proceedings

Congo FD Countries and regions (14)FR CongoBT Central Africa



Congo Democratic Republic 70 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Congo Democratic Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République démocratique du CongoBT Central Africa

Connacht FD Countries and regions (14)FR ConnachtBT Ireland

constitution FD Administration (11)FR constitutionBT institutional frameworkRT state

construction industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de la constructionUF building industry

cement industryBT industryRT architecture

civil engineeringconstruction workerhousing

construction worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession du bâtimentUF fl oor and wall tiler

glazierinsulatormason bricklayerpainter and decoratorplastererplumberroof slater and tilerstonemason and cutter

BT occupationNT architectRT construction industry

consultant FD Occupations (8)FR consultantUF management consultantBT business workerRT business service

management counselling

consumer education USE basic education

content of education FD Education (2)FR contenu de l’éducationNT environmental education

health educationRT basic education

general educationvocational education

continuing education FD Education (2)FR enseignement continueUF adult education

recurrent educationworkers’ education

BT education systemRT adult learning

adult trainingcontinuing traininglifelong learning

continuing training FD Training (1)FR formation continueSN Training after initial training – or after

entry into working life – aimed at helping individuals to improve or update their knowledge and/or skills; acquire new skills for a career move or retraining; continue their personal or professional development. (Source: Cedefop, 2002.).

UF continuing vocational trainingfurther trainingpermanent vocational trainingsupplementary training

BT type of trainingRT continuing education

lifelong learningvocational rehabilitation

continuing vocational training USE continuing training

continuous professional development USE lifelong learning

contract of employment USE labour contract

control instruments mechanic USE electrician

cook USE hotel personnel


European Training ThesaurusEN – 71 Court of Justice

cooperative FD Enterprise (7)FR coopérativeBT type of enterpriseRT self management

core skill USE key competences

corporate income USE profi t

correspondence course FD Learning (3)FR cours par correspondanceBT distance learning

correspondence of qualifi cations USE recognition of qualifi cations

Corsica FD Countries and regions (14)FR CorseBT France

cost analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse des coûtsBT research method

cost benefi t analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse coût avantageBT research method

cost effectiveness FD Economy (10)FR effi cacité des dépenses engagéesBT fi nancial management

cost of education FD Training (1)FR coût de l’éducationUF educational expenditureBT economics of educationNT cost of training

cost of living USE quality of life

cost of training FD Training (1)FR coût de la formation

UF training costtraining expendituretraining investment

BT cost of educationRT fi nancing of training

Costa Rica FD Countries and regions (14)FR Costa RicaBT Central America

Council of Europe FD International organisations (16)FR Conseil de l’EuropeBT international organisation

Council of the European Union FD European Union (15)FR Conseil de l’Union européenneUF EC CouncilBT Community institutions

country of origin FD Population (13)FR pays d’origineBT emigrationRT migrant

course attendance FD Training (1)FR fréquentation des coursBT training managementNT completion of trainingRT training dropout

course design FD Training (1)FR conception des coursBT training programme

course subject USE curriculum subject

courseware USE training software

court USE legislation

Court of Justice FD European Union (15)FR Cour de justiceUF EC Court of JusticeBT Community institutionsRT Community law



craft 72 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

craft USE handicraft

craft training FD Training (1)FR formation aux professions artisanalesUF trades’ trainingBT sectoral trainingRT handicraft

craftsman FD Labour (6)FR artisanUF artisanBT occupational statusNT mastercraftsmanRT handicraft

creative thinking USE creativity

creativity FD Learning (3)FR créativitéUF creative thinkingBT personal developmentRT innovation

work attitude

credit system USE training credit

credit unit USE training credit

Crete FD Countries and regions (14)FR CrèteBT Greece

crime USE delinquency

Croatia FD Countries and regions (14)FR CroatieBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

crossborder cooperation FD Administration (11)FR coopération transfrontalièreSN Transfrontier and regional cooperation in

border areas. For all other transnational

cooperations use “international cooperation”.

BT international cooperationRT frontier worker

Cuba FD Countries and regions (14)FR CubaBT Greater Antilles

cultural background USE culture

cultural identity FD Society (12)FR identité culturelleBT cultureRT migration

cultural integration FD Society (12)FR intégration culturelleBT social integration

cultural policy FD Administration (11)FR politique culturelleBT government policyRT culture

cultural rights USE human rights

cultural sector employee FD Occupations (8)FR personnel du secteur culturelUF photographerBT occupationNT artist

performing artist

cultural service FD Economic activities (9)FR service culturelUF museumBT servicesNT libraryRT culture

culture FD Society (12)FR cultureUF cultural backgroundBT social environment


European Training ThesaurusEN – 73 day release

NT cultural identitymulticultural environment

RT cultural policycultural service

curriculum FD Learning (3)FR programme d’étudesNT curriculum development

curriculum researchcurriculum subject

RT duration of studiesEuropean dimensiontraining coursetraining programmetraining specifi cation

curriculum design USE curriculum development

curriculum development FD Learning (3)FR élaboration des programmes d’étudesUF curriculum design

curriculum reformBT curriculumRT educational development

curriculum reform USE curriculum development

curriculum research FD Learning (3)FR recherche sur les programmesBT curriculumRT educational research

curriculum subject FD Learning (3)FR matière d’enseignementUF compulsory subject

course subjectschool subjectteaching subject

BT curriculumNT foreign language learningRT teaching

curriculum vitae FD Enterprise (7)FR curriculum vitaeBT career development

cutter USE textile worker

Cyprus FD Countries and regions (14)FR ChypreBT Southern EuropeRT EU countries

Czech Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République tchèqueBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

OECD countries

dairy industry USE food industry

dance USE arts

dancer USE performing artist

data management FD Information and communication (5)FR gestion des donnéesBT information systemRT database

data processing USE information processing

data processing industry USE computer industry

data typist USE clerical worker

databanks USE database

database FD Document type (17)FR base de donnéesSN Collection of data objects stored

together, in electronic form, according to one schema and made accessible by computer.

UF databanksRT data management

day care USE child care facilities

day release USE training leave



deaf person 74 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

deaf person USE physically disabled person

decentralisation FD Administration (11)FR décentralisationSN Transfer of public competences from a

central level to lower geographical levels, regional or local levels.

BT administrative structureRT local authority

decree USE regulation

delinquency FD Society (12)FR délinquanceUF crimeBT social problemNT juvenile delinquencyRT prisoner training

demand for education USE educational needs

demography FD Sciences and technology (4)FR démographieBT social sciencesRT population

Denmark FD Countries and regions (14)FR DanemarkBT ScandinaviaRT EU countries

OECD countries

dentist FD Occupations (8)FR dentisteBT health worker

deskilling FD Labour (6)FR déqualifi cationUF downgradingBT vocational qualifi cation

developed countries FD Economy (10)FR pays développésBT economic development

developing area FD Administration (11)FR zone en développementUF development area

disadvantaged areaBT regional planning

developing countries FD Economy (10)FR pays en développementBT economic development

development aid FD Administration (11)FR aide au développementBT international cooperationNT technical assistanceRT training assistance

World Bank

development area USE developing area

development of education USE educational development

deviance USE social problem

dictionary FD Document type (17)FR dictionnaire

didactic use of computer USE computer based learning

didactics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR didactiqueBT sciences of educationRT educational technology

training aid

dietician USE paramedical personnel

diploma USE certifi cate

directory FD Document type (17)FR répertoire


European Training ThesaurusEN – 75 distance education

SN Reference work-giving information arranged in alphabetic, chronological or systematic order for the identifi cation or location of persons, objects corporate bodies or places.

disabled person FD Society (12)FR handicapéUF handicapped personBT sociocultural groupNT mentally disabled person

physically disabled personsocially disabled person

RT disabled workervocational rehabilitation

disabled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur handicapéUF handicapped workerBT workerRT competitive employment

conditions of employmentdisabled personsheltered employmentvocational rehabilitation

disadvantaged area USE developing area

disadvantaged group FD Society (12)FR groupe défavoriséSN People who are excluded from social

rights or from social life or whose situation is precarious, the handicapped, disabled people, immigrants, ethnic minorities, (long-term) unemployed, low skilled, welfare recipients, drug addicts.

UF ex offenderpeople at riskvulnerable group

BT sociocultural groupRT juvenile delinquency

learning diffi cultymarginalisationprisoner trainingrefugeesocial exclusiontarget group

disclosure of information USE right to information

discrimination FD Society (12)FR discriminationBT social behaviourNT racial discrimination

sex discriminationsocial discrimination

RT positive discriminationsocial policy

discussion group USE discussion list

discussion list FD Document type (17)FR forum de discussionSN Discussion group on a given topic or

topics that takes place over a computer network among subscribers to an electronic mailing list and in which the contributions from individual participants are sent automatically as electronic messages to the entire list of subscribers.

UF discussion groupeforum

discussion paper USE working paper

disguised unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage déguiséSN Refers to the labour force not reported

as unemployed because it is not actively seeking work for one reason or another.

BT unemployment

dismissal USE termination of employment

displacement USE occupational mobility

dissertation USE thesis

distance education USE distance learning



distance learning 76 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

distance learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage à distanceSN Education and training imparted at

a distance through communication media: books, radio, TV, telephone, correspondence, computer or video. (Source: adapted from ILO Thesaurus.)

UF distance educationdistance studydistance training

BT training methodNT correspondence courseRT communication medium

educational televisioneLearningopen universityout of school educationsatellite communication

distance study USE distance learning

distance training USE distance learning

distributive trade USE commercial distribution

Djibouti FD Countries and regions (14)FR DjiboutiBT East Africa

docker FD Occupations (8)FR dockerUF freight handlerBT transport services workerRT sea transport

documentalist USE information personnel

documentary dossier FD Document type (17)FR dossier documentaireSN A set a documents chosen and put

together.

documentary network USE information network

documentation FD Information and communication (5)

FR documentationBT informationNT information dissemination

information processinginformation retrievalinformation storage

RT information science

documentation centre USE information centre

domestic worker USE services worker

downgrading USE deskilling

draft FD Document type (17)FR brouillon

drawing USE graphic arts

Drenthe FD Countries and regions (14)FR DrentheBT Netherlands

dressmaking USE clothing industry

driver FD Occupations (8)FR conducteurBT transport services worker

drug addiction USE addiction

dual jobholding USE multiple employment

dual labour market USE labour market segmentation

dual qualifi cation USE multiple employment

dual system FD Training (1)FR système dualSN A system of training which combines

formal education and training with work


European Training ThesaurusEN – 77 EC Court of Auditors

experience. The term is used to refer to the system used in Germany and Austria.

BT alternating training

dumb person USE physically disabled person

duration of studies FD Education (2)FR durée des étudesUF length of studies

study durationBT educational policyRT curriculum

duration of training

duration of training FD Training (1)FR durée de la formationUF training durationBT training managementRT duration of studies

prolonged schooling

early retirement FD Labour (6)FR préretraiteBT retirement

early school leaver USE educational dropout

East Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique orientaleBT AfricaNT Burundi

DjiboutiEritreaEthiopiaKenyaRwandaSomaliaSudanTanzaniaUganda

East Anglia FD Countries and regions (14)FR East AngliaBT England

East Midlands FD Countries and regions (14)FR Midlands de l’Est

BT England

East Timor FD Countries and regions (14)FR Timor orientalBT South East Asia

Eastern Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe de l’EstBT EuropeNT Albania

ArmeniaAzerbaijanBaltic StatesBelarusBosnia HerzegovinaBulgariaCroatiaCzech Republicformer USSRformer Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaformer YugoslaviaGeorgiaHungaryKosovoMontenegroPolandRepublic of MoldovaRomaniaRussiaSerbiaSlovak RepublicSloveniaUkraineVojvodina

RT EstoniaLatviaLithuania

EC agreement USE Community external relations

EC Commission USE European Commission

EC Council USE Council of the European Union

EC countries USE EU countries

EC Court of Auditors USE European Court of Auditors



EC Court of Justice 78 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

EC Court of Justice USE Court of Justice

EC decision USE Community decision

EC directive USE Community directive

EC institution USE Community institutions

EC integration USE enlargement of the Community

EC internal market FD European Union (15)FR marché intérieur CEBT European construction

EC law USE Community law

EC policy USE Community policy

EC programme USE Community programme

EC recommendation USE Community recommendation

EC regulation USE Community regulation

ECB USE European Central Bank

ecology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR écologieBT biologyRT environment

economic aid USE economic resource

economic competition USE competition

economic condition FD Economy (10)FR condition économiqueUF economic situation

NT competitioneconomic crisis

RT economic developmenteconomic resource

economic crisis FD Economy (10)FR crise économiqueUF economic recessionBT economic condition

economic development FD Economy (10)FR développement économiqueUF economic growthNT developed countries

developing countriesindustrial developmentregional development

RT agricultureeconomic conditioneconomic policyeconomic resourceenterpriseindustryOECDservices

economic growth USE economic development

economic legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation économiqueBT legislationRT economics

economy

economic planning FD Economy (10)FR planifi cation économiqueBT economic policyNT economic statisticsRT planning

economic policy FD Economy (10)FR politique économiqueNT agricultural policy

economic planningfi nancial policyincomes policyindustrial policymonetary policyresearch policy


European Training ThesaurusEN – 79 education fees

sustainable developmenttrade policy

RT economic developmentgovernment policy

economic recession USE economic crisis

economic resource FD Economy (10)FR ressource économiqueUF economic aidNT fi nancial resource

human capitalRT economic condition

economic development

economic sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur économiqueNT primary sector

secondary sectortertiary sector

economic situation USE economic condition

economic statistics FD Economy (10)FR statistiques économiquesBT economic planning

economic system FD Economy (10)FR système économiqueNT informal sector

mixed economyprivate sectorpublic sectorsocial economy

economically active population USE manpower

economics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences économiquesBT social sciencesNT business economicsRT economic legislation

economics of educationeconomyhumanities worker

economics of education FD Training (1)FR économie de l’éducationUF economics of training

training outcomeNT cost of education

educational needsfi nancing of educationfi nancing of trainingtraining budgettraining markettraining marketingtraining needs

RT economicseconomygrant

economics of training USE economics of education

economist USE humanities worker

economy FD Economy (10)FR économieNT market

productionproductivity

RT economic legislationeconomicseconomics of education

Ecuador FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉquateurBT South America

education FD Education (2)FR éducationNT educational background

educational researchRT educational objective

educational policyquality of educationsciences of educationteachingUnesco

education budget USE training budget

education fees USE training fee



education participation rate 80 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

education participation rate USE training participation rate

education system FD Education (2)FR système d’enseignementUF educational systemNT continuing education

general educationout of school educationspecial needs educationvocational education

RT educational policyeducational reformlevel of educationtraining system

education worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’éducationUF teaching profession

training and teaching personnelBT occupationNT educationalist

guidance offi cerinspectorteaching personneltraining personnel

educational administration FD Education (2)FR administration de l’éducationUF educational managementNT compulsory education

educational opportunityeducational resourceeducational statisticsprivate educationschoolingstate educationstudent mobility

RT administrationheadteacherministry of educationpublic administration

educational admission USE access to education

educational aid USE training aid

educational aim USE educational objective

educational assessment USE training evaluation

educational background FD Education (2)FR acquis éducatifBT educationRT educational defi cit

educational building USE educational facility

educational counselling USE educational guidance

educational credit USE training credit

educational defi cit FD Education (2)FR défi cit d’éducationUF educational disadvantageBT quality of educationRT educational background

educational development FD Education (2)FR développement de l’éducationSN Developmental change of one or more

characteristics of the educational system variables in a positive direction in terms of some valued criterion. Use more specifi c descriptor where appropriate (Unesco).

UF development of educationBT educational policyNT educational innovationRT curriculum development

pilot project

educational disadvantage USE educational defi cit

educational dropout FD Education (2)FR abandon des étudesSN Withdrawal from an education programme

before completion. This term designates both the process (early school-leaving) and the persons (early school-leavers) who fail to complete a course. Besides early school leavers, dropouts may also include learners who have completed education or training but failed the examinations. (Source: adapted from the international encyclopaedia of education.)


European Training ThesaurusEN – 81 educational orientation

UF early school leaverschool dropout

BT schoolingRT training dropout

educational establishment USE educational institution

educational expenditure USE cost of education

educational facility FD Education (2)FR équipement éducatifUF educational buildingBT educational resource

educational game FD Learning (3)FR jeu éducatifBT training aidRT simulation training

educational grant USE student allowance

educational guidance FD Education (2)FR orientation pédagogiqueUF educational counselling

educational orientationschool guidanceuniversity guidance

NT choice of studiesRT guidance offi cer

training informationvocational guidance

educational innovation FD Education (2)FR innovation pédagogiqueBT educational developmentRT educational research

experimental educationinnovationtraining innovation

educational institution FD Education (2)FR établissement d’enseignementUF educational establishmentNT higher education institute

schooluniversity

RT training centretraining institution

educational leave USE training leave

educational legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation de l’éducationBT legislationRT educational policy

educational reform

educational level USE level of education

educational loan USE fi nancing of education

educational management USE educational administration

educational material USE training material

educational needs FD Training (1)FR besoin d’éducationUF demand for educationBT economics of educationRT training needs

educational objective FD Education (2)FR objectif de l’éducationUF educational aim

educational philosophylearning objectivelearning to learnteaching objective

BT educational policyRT education

training objective

educational opportunity FD Education (2)FR chances d’éducationUF educational supplyBT educational administrationNT second chance schoolsRT equal opportunities

educational orientation USE educational guidance



educational philosophy 82 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

educational philosophy USE educational objective

educational planning FD Education (2)FR planifi cation de l’éducationBT educational policyRT educational reform

planningplanning of training

educational policy FD Education (2)FR politique de l’éducationNT access to education

duration of studieseducational developmenteducational objectiveeducational planningeducational reformprolonged schoolingschool enterprise relationshipuniversity enterprise relationship

RT educationeducation systemeducational legislationgovernment policyministry of educationtraining policy

educational psychology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR psychologie de l’éducationUF psychology of education

psychology of learningBT psychology

educational quality USE quality of education

educational reform FD Education (2)FR réforme de l’éducationBT educational policyRT education system

educational legislationeducational planningtraining reform

educational research FD Education (2)FR recherche en éducationBT educationNT comparative education

RT curriculum researcheducational innovationeducational theoryresearchresearch fi eldtraining research

educational resource FD Education (2)FR ressource éducativeBT educational administrationNT educational facility

educational sociology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sociologie de l’éducationSN Sociology applied to the world of

education and of training. BT sociology

educational software USE training software

educational statistics FD Education (2)FR statistiques de l’éducationBT educational administrationNT number of students

schooling rateRT statistics

training statistics

educational supply USE educational opportunity

educational system USE education system

educational technology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR technologie de l’éducationBT technologyRT didactics

teachingtraining method

educational television FD Learning (3)FR télévision éducativeBT audiovisual aidRT distance learning

television


European Training ThesaurusEN – 83 electrical industry

educational theory FD Sciences and technology (4)FR théorie de l’éducationUF theory of educationBT sciences of educationRT educational research

training theory

educational tour USE study tour

educational wastage USE training wastage

educationalist FD Occupations (8)FR pédagogueBT education workerRT sciences of education

EESC USE European Economic and Social

Committee

effectiveness USE effi ciency

effi ciency FD Learning (3)FR effi cacitéUF effectivenessBT performance

effi ciency wage USE wage

eforum USE discussion list

EFTA FD International organisations (16)FR AELEUF European Free Trade AssociationBT international organisationRT Europe

IcelandNorwaySwitzerland

Egypt FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉgypteBT North Africa

EIB USE European Investment Bank

ejournal USE journal

El Salvador FD Countries and regions (14)FR SalvadorBT Central America

elderly USE older person

eLearning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage électroniqueSN Learning supported by information

and communication technologies (ICT). (Source: Cedefop, 2002 and 2006.)

UF eTeachingBT learning methodRT computer based learning

distance learningInternet

eLearning material USE learning material

election USE politics

electrical engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR électrotechniqueBT engineeringRT electrical industry

electrical fi tter USE electrician

electrical industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie électriqueBT industryRT electrical engineering

electricianelectricity industry



electrician 84 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

electrician FD Occupations (8)FR électricienUF control instruments mechanic

electrical fi tterservice mechanictelecommunications fi tter

BT engineering workerRT electrical industry

electricity industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de l’électricitéBT power industryRT electrical industry

electromechanical industry USE machinery industry

electronic commerce FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce électroniqueBT commercial distribution

electronics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR électroniqueBT engineeringNT microelectronicsRT electronics industry

electronics industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie électroniqueBT industryRT electronics

electrotyper USE printing worker

elementary education USE primary education

elementary school USE primary school

elite FD Society (12)FR éliteBT social classNT gifted person

email FD Document type (17)FR messagerie électronique

RT computer applicationtelecommunication

embroiderer USE textile worker

emigrant USE migrant

emigration FD Population (13)FR émigrationBT international migrationNT country of originRT migrant

Emilia Romagna FD Countries and regions (14)FR Êmilie-RomagneBT Italy

empirical research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche empiriqueBT research

employability FD Labour (6)FR employabilitéSN A combination of factors which enable

individuals to progress towards or get into employment, stay in employment and progress during their careers. Employability of individuals depends (a) on personal attributes (including adequacy of knowledge and skills); (b) on the way these personal attributes are presented on the labour market; (c) on the environmental and social context (incentives and opportunities offered to update and validate their knowledge and skills); and (d) on the economic context. (Source: adapted from Scottish Executive and The Institute for Employment Studies.)

BT labour marketRT employment policy

skill development

employed persons USE manpower

employee FD Labour (6)FR salarié


European Training ThesaurusEN – 85 employment pattern

SN A person who works for a public or private employer and receives remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, pieces-rates or pay in kind (ILO).

UF wage earnerBT occupational statusRT employees’ attitude

worker

employee profi le USE occupational profi le

employees’ association USE trade union

employees’ attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude des travailleursBT work attitudeRT employee

labour relations

employees’ participation USE workers’ participation

employer FD Enterprise (7)FR employeurBT social partnersRT labour contract

employers’ attitude USE management attitude

employers’ organisation FD Enterprise (7)FR organisation patronaleBT social partnersRT professional association

employers’ participation USE employers’ role

employers’ role FD Enterprise (7)FR rôle des employeursUF employers’ participationBT labour relations

employment FD Labour (6)FR emploiNT conditions of employment

female employmentgraduate employment

migrant employmentoccupational structureregulated occupationyouth employment

RT careerwork experienceemployment policylabour market

employment condition USE conditions of employment

employment creation FD Labour (6)FR création d’emploiUF job creationBT employment policyRT enterprise creation

employment experience USE work experience

employment interview FD Enterprise (7)FR entretien de recrutementUF job interviewBT personnel selection

employment law USE labour legislation

employment monitoring system FD Labour (6)FR observatoire de l’emploiUF labour market analysisBT labour marketRT career change

training markettraining needs

employment opportunity FD Labour (6)FR perspective d’emploiUF job opportunityBT access to employmentNT job offer

job vacancylanguage barriermanpower needs

RT equal opportunities

employment pattern USE occupational structure



employment planning 86 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

employment planning USE manpower planning

employment policy FD Labour (6)FR politique de l’emploiUF employment promotion

labour policymanpower policy

NT employment creationemployment servicefi ght against unemploymentfl exicurityfull employmentjob placementjob securitymanpower planningwork permit

RT access to employmentemployabilityemploymentgovernment policytraining employment contract

Employment programme FD European Union (15)FR Programme pour l’emploi

The Employment programme (1994-1999) has four distinct strands, each of which is targeted to a specifi c group: Now to women, Horizon to the disabled, Integra to the disadvantaged and fi nally Youth Start to young people.


employment promotion USE employment policy

employment protection FD Administration (11)FR protection de l’emploiBT labour legislation

employment rehabilitation USE vocational rehabilitation

employment security USE job security

employment service FD Labour (6)FR service de l’emploi

SN Service provided by governments or run on a private fee paying basis, with a view to fi nding suitable work positions for unemployed persons.

UF job centreplacement service

BT employment policyNT private employment service

public employment serviceRT public service personnel

recruitment

employment shortage USE labour shortage

employment situation USE labour market

employment statistics USE labour statistics

employment status USE occupational status

employment structure USE occupational structure

employment survey FD Administration (11)FR enquête sur l’emploiUF labour market surveyBT labour statistics

employment training relationship USE training employment relationship

encyclopedia FD Document type (17)FR encyclopédieSN Document synthesising knowledge on all

subjects or a group of related subjects arranged alphabetically or systematically.

energy industry USE power industry

engineer FD Labour (6)FR ingénieurBT occupational statusRT engineering


European Training ThesaurusEN – 87 entrepreneurship

engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR ingénierieBT technological sciencesNT civil engineering

electrical engineeringelectronicsmechanical engineering

RT computer engineeringengineerengineering worker

engineering worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’ingénierieBT occupationNT computing personnel

electricianmechanicmetalworker

RT engineering

England FD Countries and regions (14)FR AngleterreBT United KingdomNT East Anglia

East MidlandsNorth West EnglandNorthern EnglandSouth East EnglandSouth West EnglandWest MidlandsYorkshire and Humberside

enlargement of the Community FD European Union (15)FR élargissement de la CommunautéUF EC integration

European integrationBT European construction

enrolment USE registration

enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR entrepriseUF companyNT company management

enterprise creationenterprise culture

joint venturesubcontractingtype of enterprise

RT administrationeconomic developmentin company trainingintercompany traininglearning organisationmanagementproductionschool enterprise relationshipuniversity enterprise relationship

enterprise creation FD Enterprise (7)FR création d’entrepriseUF business creationBT enterpriseRT employment creation

entrepreneur

enterprise culture FD Enterprise (7)FR culture d’entrepriseBT enterprise

entertainment USE recreation service

entrance examination FD Learning (3)FR examen d’entréeUF college entrance certifi cateBT examinationRT access to education

access to training

entrepreneur FD Labour (6)FR entrepreneurBT occupational statusRT enterprise creation

entrepreneurial education USE management training

entrepreneurial training USE management training

entrepreneurship FD Society (12)FR esprit d’entrepriseBT behaviour



entry into working life 88 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

entry into working life FD Labour (6)FR insertion professionnelleUF integration to workBT access to employmentNT initial employment

return to workRT transition from school to work

vocational guidanceworking life

environment FD Economy (10)FR environnementUF natural environment

physical environmentBT sustainable developmentNT environmental protection

pollutionRT ecology

environment personnel USE environment worker

environment worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du secteur de l’environnementUF environment personnelBT occupationRT environmental education

environmental protectionrecycling industry

environmental conservation USE environmental protection

environmental education FD Education (2)FR éducation environnementaleUF environmental trainingBT content of educationRT environment worker

environmental policy USE environmental protection

environmental protection FD Economy (10)FR protection de l’environnementUF environmental conservation

environmental policynature conservation

BT environmentRT environment worker

environmental training USE environmental education

EP USE European Parliament

Epirus FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÊpireBT Greece

EPSO USE European Personnel Selection Offi ce

equal opportunities FD Administration (11)FR égalité de chancesUF equality of treatmentBT human rightsRT access to education

educational opportunityemployment opportunityequal payfemale employmentsex discriminationsocial inequality

Equal FD European Union (15)FR programme pour l’égalité des chancesSN The Equal Initiative (2000-2006) is a

laboratory for new ideas to the European Employment Strategy and the Social inclusion process. Its mission is to promote a more inclusive work life through fi ghting discrimination and exclusion based on sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. Equal is funded through the European Social Fund.


equal pay FD Enterprise (7)FR égalité de rémunérationBT wageRT equal opportunities

equality of treatment USE equal opportunities


European Training ThesaurusEN – 89 EUROFOUND

Equatorial Guinea FD Countries and regions (14)FR Guinée équatorialeBT Central Africa

equivalence of certifi cates FD Learning (3)FR équivalence des diplômesBT certifi cation of learning outcomes

Erasmus FD European Union (15)FR ErasmusSN Erasmus (1995-2006) is the higher

education action of the Socrates programme. It seeks to enhance the quality and reinforce the European dimension of higher education.

BT Community programmeRT Lifelong Learning Programme

ergonomics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR ergonomieSN Study of the optimal adaptation of physical

environment to human activity to obtain maximum productivity with a minimum of effort, fatigue and inconvenience.

BT technological sciencesRT work environment

working conditions

Eritrea FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉrythréeBT East Africa

Estonia FD Countries and regions (14)FR EstonieBT Baltic StatesRT Eastern Europe

EU countriesformer USSR

eTeaching USE eLearning

ETF USE European Training Foundation

ethics FD Society (12)FR éthiqueBT behaviour

Ethiopia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉthiopieBT East Africa

ethnic group FD Society (12)FR groupe ethniqueBT sociocultural groupRT racial discrimination

EU countries FD Countries and regions (14)FR pays de l’UEUF EC countriesRT Austria

BelgiumBulgariaCyprusCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaEuropeFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaNetherlandsPolandPortugalRomaniaSlovak RepublicSloveniaSpainSwedenUnited Kingdom

EU policy USE Community policy

EU programme USE Community programme

EUROFOUND USE European Foundation for the Improvement

of Living and Working Conditions



Europass 90 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Europass FD European Union (15)FR EuropassSN A community framework that consists

of fi ve documents (curriculum vitae, language passport, Europass mobility, certifi cate supplement, diploma supplement) aimed at improving transparency of skills and qualifi cations and increase mobility (Cedefop, 2006).


Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR EuropeNT Eastern Europe

Northern EuropeSouthern EuropeWestern Europe

RT EFTAEU countries

European Administrative School FD European Union (15)FR École européenne d’administrationBT agencies and other bodies

European Agency for Safety Health at Work FD European Union (15)FR Agence européenne pour la santé et la

sécurité au travailUF OSHABT agencies and other bodies

European baccalaureate USE certifi cate

European Central Bank FD European Union (15)FR Banque centrale européenneUF ECBBT agencies and other bodies

European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training USE Cedefop

European Commission FD European Union (15)FR Commission européenneUF EC CommissionBT Community institutionsRT Community opinion

European construction FD European Union (15)FR construction européenneNT Community activity

Community external relationsCommunity policyEC internal marketenlargement of the CommunityEuropean Union

European Court of Auditors FD European Union (15)FR Cour des comptes européenneUF EC Court of AuditorsBT Community institutionsRT Community budget

European dimension FD European Union (15)FR dimension européenneSN Introduction of European realities in

education in order to create European consciousness in European citizens.

BT Community programmeRT curriculum

European Economic and Social Committee FD European Union (15)FR Comité économique et social européenUF EESCBT Community institutions

European Economic Area USE Community external relations

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions FD European Union (15)FR Fondation européenne pour l’amélioration

des conditions de vie et de travailUF EUROFOUNDBT agencies and other bodies

European Free Trade Association USE EFTA

European integration USE enlargement of the Community

European Investment Bank FD European Union (15)FR Banque européenne d’InvestissementUF EIBBT Community institutions


European Training ThesaurusEN – 91 ex offender

European law USE Community law

European Ombudsman FD European Union (15)FR Médiateur européenBT Community institutions

European Parliament FD European Union (15)FR Parlement européenUF EPBT Community institutions

European Personnel Selection Offi ce FD European Union (15)FR Offi ce européen de sélection du personnelUF EPSOBT agencies and other bodies

European Training Foundation FD European Union (15)FR Fondation européenne pour la formationUF ETFBT agencies and other bodies

European Treaty FD European Union (15)FR Traité européenUF Amsterdam Treaty

Nice TreatyTreaty establishing a Constitution for EuropeTreaty of MaastrichtTreaty of Rome

BT Community law

European Union FD European Union (15)FR Union européenneBT European constructionRT regulated occupation

European year FD European Union (15)FR année européenneSN European Commission initiative to

promote a specifi c topic across Europe through a period of one year.


Eurostat FD European Union (15)FR EurostatSN Statistical Offi ce of the European

Communities BT agencies and other bodies

Eurydice FD International organisations (16)FR EurydiceSN Education Information Network in the EU. BT international organisationRT information centre

information network

evaluation FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR évaluationUF assessmentNT evaluation methodRT personnel assessment

evaluation criteria USE evaluation method

evaluation method FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR méthode d’évaluationUF evaluation criteria

evaluation toolBT evaluation

evaluation of teaching USE training evaluation

evaluation tool USE evaluation method

evening class FD Training (1)FR cours du soirUF evening institute

evening schoolBT training course

evening institute USE evening class

evening school USE evening class

ex offender USE disadvantaged group



examination 92 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

examination FD Learning (3)FR examenUF examination systemNT entrance examination

practical examinationtest

examination system USE examination

examiner FD Occupations (8)FR examinateurBT teaching personnel

exclusion USE social exclusion

expatriate worker USE migrant worker

expenditure FD Economy (10)FR dépenseBT fi nancial resource

experiential learning USE informal learning

experimental education FD Sciences and technology (4)FR pédagogie expérimentaleUF experimental teachingBT sciences of educationRT educational innovation

experimental research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche expérimentaleBT research

experimental teaching USE experimental education

experimentation FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR expérimentationBT research technique

expert system FD Information and communication (5)FR système expertBT artifi cial intelligence

export USE international trade

export of training FD Administration (11)FR exportation de la formationBT international relationsRT training assistance

extension training USE upskilling

extra company training institution USE training institution

Extremadura FD Countries and regions (14)FR EstrémadureBT Spain

factory USE place of work

Faroes FD Countries and regions (14)FR Îles FeroéBT Northern Europe

failure FD Learning (3)FR échecBT performance

falling birthrate USE population trends

family FD Society (12)FR familleBT sociocultural groupNT parentsRT child

family allowancefamily environment

family allowance FD Administration (11)FR allocation familialeUF child benefi tBT social securityRT family


European Training ThesaurusEN – 93 fi nancial policy

family environment FD Society (12)FR milieu familialBT social environmentRT family

Far East FD Countries and regions (14)FR Extrême OrientBT AsiaNT China

Hong KongJapanMacaoNorth KoreaSouth KoreaTaiwan

farmer FD Occupations (8)FR agriculteurBT agriculture worker

Federal Republic of Germany USE Germany

female USE woman

female employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des femmesUF female labour

female workerwoman workerwomen’s work

BT employmentRT child care facilities

equal opportunitiesfemale statusmigrant womanwoman

female labour USE female employment

female status FD Society (12)FR condition féminineUF women’s statusBT social statusRT female employment

female unemploymentwomanwomen’s rights

female unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage fémininUF unemployment of womenBT unemploymentRT female status

woman

female worker USE female employment

fertiliser industry USE chemical industry

festschrift USE compilation

fi ght against unemployment FD Labour (6)FR lutte contre le chômageBT employment policy

fi lm industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie cinématographiqueUF cinemaBT communications industry

fi nancial aid USE fi nancial resource

fi nancial control FD Economy (10)FR contrôle fi nancierBT fi nancial policy

fi nancial management FD Economy (10)FR gestion fi nancièreUF company fi nancingNT budget

cost effectivenessprofi t

RT company management

fi nancial policy FD Economy (10)FR politique fi nancièreBT economic policyNT fi nancial controlRT public fi nance



fi nancial resource 94 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

fi nancial resource FD Economy (10)FR ressource fi nancièreUF capital aid

capital resourcefi nancial aidsponsorship

BT economic resourceNT capital

expenditurefi nancinggrantinvestmentloanprivate fi nancesubsidy

RT fi nancing of training

fi nancial service FD Economic activities (9)FR secteur fi nanceBT servicesNT banking

fi nancial support USE subsidy

fi nancing FD Economy (10)FR fi nancementBT fi nancial resource

fi nancing of education FD Training (1)FR fi nancement de l’éducationUF educational loanBT economics of educationNT student allowanceRT loan

fi nancing of training FD Training (1)FR fi nancement de la formationBT economics of educationNT training allowance

training feetraining levy

RT cost of trainingfi nancial resource

fi ne arts FD Economic activities (9)FR beaux artsUF paintingBT arts

Finland FD Countries and regions (14)FR FinlandeBT ScandinaviaRT EU countries

OECD countries

fi shing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie de la pêcheBT industryRT primary sector

Flemish community FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté fl amandeBT Belgium

Flemish region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région FlamandeBT Belgium

Flevoland FD Countries and regions (14)FR FlevolandBT Netherlands

fl exibility FD Enterprise (7)FR fl exibilitéSN Applied to the workforce, the ability to

change working practices and skills easily, and to adapt to the changing demands of the economy as they occur.

UF adaptabilityfl exible workworker adaptation

BT work attitude

fl exible hours of work FD Enterprise (7)FR horaire de travail modulableUF fl exible working timeBT hours of work

fl exible learning USE open learning

fl exible manufacturing system FD Information and communication (5)FR atelier fl exibleBT computer applicationRT production

robotics


European Training ThesaurusEN – 95 forestry

fl exible work USE fl exibility

fl exible working time USE fl exible hours of work

fl exicurity FD Labour (6)FR fl exicuritéSN A policy strategy that attempts to

enhance fl exibility of labour markets, work organisation and labour relations while enhancing employment and social security.

BT employment policyRT job security

labour market fl exibility

fl ight attendant USE air transport personnel

fl oor and wall tiler USE construction worker

folk arts USE arts

food industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie alimentaireUF canning industry

dairy industrymeat industrymilling industrysugar industry

BT industryNT beverage industryRT agriculture

food worker

food worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession de l’agroalimentaireUF baker

beverage workerbutcherconfectioner

BT manufacturing workerRT food industry

footwear industry USE leather industry

forecasting FD Auxiliary terms (18)

FR prospectiveUF futurologyBT research techniqueNT trend

foreign language course USE foreign language skill

foreign language learning FD Learning (3)FR enseignement des langues étrangèresBT curriculum subjectRT foreign language skill

language

foreign language skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence en langue étrangèreSN Ability to speak and understand foreign

languages. UF business language course

foreign language coursesecond languagevocational language skill

BT skillRT foreign language learning

foreign policy FD Administration (11)FR politique étrangèreBT government policy

foreign student FD Education (2)FR étudiant étrangerUF overseas studentBT student

foreign worker USE migrant worker

foreman USE supervisor

forester USE forestry worker

forestry FD Economic activities (9)FR secteur forestierBT agricultureRT forestry worker

woodworking industry



forestry worker 96 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

forestry worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de la sylvicultureUF forester

loggerBT occupationRT forestry

formal education USE compulsory education

formal learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage formelSN Learning that occurs in an organised and

structured environment (in an education or training institution or on the job) and is explicitly designated as learning (in terms of objectives, time or resources). Formal learning is intentional from the learner’s point of view. It typically leads to validation and certifi cation. (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)

BT learning

former GDR FD Countries and regions (14)FR ex-RDAUF German Democratic RepublicBT Germany

former USSR FD Countries and regions (14)FR ex-URSSUF USSRBT Eastern EuropeRT Armenia

AzerbaijanBaltic StatesBelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaLithuaniaRepublic of MoldovaRussiaTajikistanTurkmenistanUkraineUzbekistan

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia FD Countries and regions (14)

FR Ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine

UF FYROMBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

former Yugoslavia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ex-YougoslavieBT Eastern EuropeRT Bosnia Herzegovina

Croatiaformer Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaKosovoMontenegroSerbiaSloveniaVojvodina

France FD Countries and regions (14)FR FranceBT Western EuropeNT Alsace

AquitaineAuvergneBrittanyBurgundyCentreChampagne ArdenneCorsicaFranche-ComtéFrench Overseas DepartmentsFrench Overseas TerritoriesIle-de-FranceLanguedoc-RoussillonLimousinLoire RegionLorraineLower NormandyMidi-PyrénéesNord-Pas-de-CalaisPicardyPoitou-CharentesProvence Alpes Côte d’AzurRhône AlpesUpper Normandy

RT EU countriesFrench West IndiesOECD countries

Franche Comté FD Countries and regions (14)FR Franche ComtéBT France


European Training ThesaurusEN – 97 FYROM

free lance worker USE self employed worker

free movement USE freedom of movement

freedom of movement FD Administration (11)FR libre circulationUF free movementBT civil rightsRT labour mobility

migrationoccupational mobilitysocial mobilitystudent mobility

freight handler USE docker

French community FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté françaiseBT Belgium

French Overseas Departments FD Countries and regions (14)FR DOM françaisBT France

French Overseas Territories FD Countries and regions (14)FR TOM françaisBT France

French West Indies FD Countries and regions (14)FR Antilles françaisesBT Lesser AntillesRT France

frictional unemployment USE temporary unemployment

Friesland FD Countries and regions (14)FR FriseBT Netherlands

Friuli Venezia Giulia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Frioul-Vénétie julienneBT Italy

frontier worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur frontalierBT migrant workerRT crossborder cooperation

full employment FD Labour (6)FR plein emploiSN Denotes the situation in a given area

where all persons seeking employment have been provided with paid positions.

BT employment policy

full time course FD Training (1)FR cours à plein tempsBT training course

full time employment FD Enterprise (7)FR emploi à temps pleinUF full time workBT hours of work

full time work USE full time employment

functional illiteracy USE illiteracy

fundamental education USE basic education

fundamental research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche fondamentaleBT research

fur industry USE leather industry

furniture industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du meubleBT woodworking industry

further training USE continuing training

futurology USE forecasting

FYROM USE former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia



Gabon 98 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Gabon FD Countries and regions (14)FR GabonBT Central Africa

Galicia FD Countries and regions (14)FR GaliceBT Spain

Gambia FD Countries and regions (14)FR GambieBT West Africa

gardener FD Occupations (8)FR jardinierBT agriculture workerRT horticulture

landscape gardener

gas industry USE power industry

Gelderland FD Countries and regions (14)FR GueldreBT Netherlands

general education FD Education (2)FR enseignement généralSN Education which, in its choice of subject

matter, does not envisage any kind of specialisation with a view to preparing students to work in a particular sector.

BT education systemRT content of education

generic skill USE key competences

geographer USE humanities worker

geographical mobility FD Population (13)FR mobilité géographiqueBT migrationRT labour mobility

occupational mobilitysocial mobilitystudent mobility

geography FD Sciences and technology (4)FR géographieBT humanities

geology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR géologieBT natural sciences

Georgia FD Countries and regions (14)FR GéorgieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

German Democratic Republic USE former GDR

German speaking community FD Countries and regions (14)FR Communauté germanophoneBT Belgium

Germany FD Countries and regions (14)FR AllemagneUF Federal Republic of GermanyBT Western EuropeNT Baden Württemberg

BavariaBerlinBrandenburgBremenformer GDRHamburgHessenLower SaxonyMecklenburg West PomeraniaNorth Rhine WestphaliaRhineland PalatinateSaarlandSaxonySaxony AnhaltSchleswig HolsteinThuringia


Ghana FD Countries and regions (14)FR GhanaBT West Africa


European Training ThesaurusEN – 99 graduate unemployment

Gibraltar FD Countries and regions (14)FR GibraltarBT Southern EuropeRT United Kingdom

gifted child USE gifted person

gifted person FD Society (12)FR personne douéeUF gifted child

gifted studentBT elite

gifted student USE gifted person

glass industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du verreUF ceramics industryBT industryRT glass worker

glass worker FD Occupations (8)FR verrierUF ceramics worker

pottery makerBT manufacturing workerRT glass industry

glazier USE construction worker

globalisation FD Economy (10)FR mondialisationUF industrial globalisation

internationalisationmondialisation

BT international economy

glossary FD Document type (17)FR glossaireSN Consistent set of terms peculiar to a fi eld

of speciality.

goldsmith USE jeweller

government FD Administration (11)FR gouvernementBT stateNT central government

government policyministryregional and local authority

government department USE ministry

government policy FD Administration (11)FR politique gouvernementaleUF national planningBT governmentNT cultural policy

foreign policysocial policyyouth policy

RT economic policyeducational policyemployment policyresearch policytraining policy

graduate USE higher education graduate

graduate employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des diplômés de l’enseignement

supérieurBT employment

graduate trainee FD Training (1)FR stagiaire diplôméSN In United Kingdom and Ireland, this

term refers more specifi cally 3rd level graduates. Use only for 3rd level graduates in training after completion of their studies.

BT trainee

graduate unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage des diplômésBT unemploymentRT higher education graduate



grant 100 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

grant FD Economy (10)FR allocation fi nancièreSN Financial assistance for a particular

purpose. BT fi nancial resourceRT economics of education

graphic arts FD Economic activities (9)FR arts graphiquesUF drawingBT artsRT computer graphics

printing industry

Greater Antilles FD Countries and regions (14)FR Grandes AntillesBT Caribbean islandNT Bahamas

CubaHaitiJamaicaPuerto Rico

Greece FD Countries and regions (14)FR GrèceBT Southern EuropeNT Attica

Central GreeceCreteEpirusIonian islandMacedoniaNorthern AegeanPeloponneseSouthern AegeanThessalyWestern Greece


green paper FD Document type (17)FR livre vertSN Green Papers are documents intended to

stimulate debate and launch a process of consultation at National or European level on a particular topic (such as social policy, the single currency, telecommunications).

These consultations may then lead to the publication of a White Paper, translating the conclusions of the debate into practical proposals for Community action.

Greenland FD Countries and regions (14)FR GroenlandBT Northern Europe

Groningen FD Countries and regions (14)FR GroningueBT Netherlands

group instruction USE group learning

group learning FD Learning (3)FR pédagogie de groupeUF group instruction

group traininggroup work

BT learning methodRT target group

team work

group management USE team work

group training USE group learning

group work USE group learning

Grundtvig FD European Union (15)FR GrundtvigSN Grundtvig (1999-2006) is the adult

education action of the Socrates programme. Its aim is to improve the quality and strengthen the European dimension of adult education of a non-vocational nature.


Guatemala FD Countries and regions (14)FR GuatemalaBT Central America


European Training ThesaurusEN – 101 headteacher

guidance centre USE guidance service

guidance offi cer FD Occupations (8)FR conseiller d’orientationUF guidance teacherBT education workerRT educational guidance

training informationvocational counsellorvocational guidance

guidance service FD Training (1)FR service d’orientationUF careers service

guidance centrevocational guidance council

BT vocational guidanceRT training information

transition from school to work

guidance teacher USE guidance offi cer

guide FD Document type (17)FR guideSN Document containing introductory

information comprehensive enough for a user to carry out an operation.

Guinea FD Countries and regions (14)FR GuinéeBT West Africa

Guinea Bissau FD Countries and regions (14)FR Guinée-BissauBT West Africa

Gulf States FD Countries and regions (14)FR pays du GolfeBT Middle EastNT Bahrain

IranIraqKuwaitOmanQatar

Saudi ArabiaUnited Arab Emirates

hairdresser FD Occupations (8)FR coiffeurUF barberBT services workerRT beautician

Haiti FD Countries and regions (14)FR HaïtiBT Greater Antilles

Hamburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR HambourgBT Germany

handbook USE learning material

handicapped person USE disabled person

handicapped worker USE disabled worker

handicraft FD Economic activities (9)FR artisanatUF craftBT artsRT craft training

craftsmanjeweller

hardware FD Information and communication (5)FR matériel informatiqueBT informaticsNT computerRT computer network

head hunting USE poaching

headteacher FD Occupations (8)FR directeur d’écoleBT teacherRT educational administration



health 102 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

health FD Society (12)FR santéNT mental health

physical healthRT health education

health servicemedicine

health and social studies USE health education

health education FD Education (2)FR éducation sanitaireUF health and social studiesBT content of educationRT health

health service FD Economic activities (9)FR service de santéUF medical care

public healthBT servicesRT health

health workermedicine

health worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de la santéUF medical personnelBT occupationNT dentist

medical practitionerparamedical personnel

RT health servicemedicinepsychologistveterinary worker

Hessen FD Countries and regions (14)FR HesseBT Germany

hidden labour force USE illegal work

higher education FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieurBT post secondary education

NT non-university higher educationuniversity studies

RT higher education teacheruniversity

higher education graduate FD Education (2)FR diplômé de l’enseignement supérieurUF graduateBT studentRT academic degree

graduate unemploymentuniversity studies

higher education institute FD Education (2)FR établissement d’enseignement supérieurSN Institution at the tertiary level of education

excluding universities and academies. UF polytechnicBT educational institutionNT college of educationRT non-university higher education

higher education school enterprise relationship USE university enterprise relationship

higher education teacher FD Occupations (8)FR enseignant de l’enseignement supérieurUF lecturer

professoruniversity teacher

BT teacherRT higher education

higher non-university education USE non-university higher education

highly qualifi ed worker USE highly skilled worker

highly skilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur hautement qualifi éSN Persons whose education and high

level of technical expertise qualify them for employment in knowledge-based industries.

UF highly qualifi ed workerknowledge worker

BT level of qualifi cation

historian USE humanities worker


European Training ThesaurusEN – 103 human resources development

historical research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR recherche historiqueBT researchRT history of training

history FD Sciences and technology (4)FR histoireUF archaeologyBT humanitiesRT history of training

history of training FD Training (1)FR histoire de la formationRT historical research

history

holidays FD Enterprise (7)FR vacancesBT leisure

homeworking USE work at home

Honduras FD Countries and regions (14)FR HondurasBT Central America

Hong Kong FD Countries and regions (14)FR Hong KongBT Far East

horticulture FD Economic activities (9)FR horticultureBT agricultureRT gardener

host country FD Population (13)FR pays d’accueilUF immigration countryBT immigration

hotel industry FD Economic activities (9)FR hôtellerieUF catering industryBT servicesRT hotel personnel

hotel manager USE hotel personnel

hotel personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel du secteur hôtelierUF catering personnel

cookhotel managerhotel workerporterreceptionistwaiter

BT services workerRT hotel industry

hotel worker USE hotel personnel

hours of work FD Enterprise (7)FR horaire de travailUF working timeBT working time arrangementNT fl exible hours of work

full time employmentovertimepart time employment

housewife USE services worker

housing FD Administration (11)FR logementBT urban planningRT construction industry

human capital FD Economy (10)FR capital humainSN The knowledge, skills, competences and

other attributes embodied in individuals or groups of individuals acquired during their life and used to produce goods, services or ideas.

BT economic resource

human resource USE manpower

human resources development USE human resources management



human resources management 104 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

human resources management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion des ressources humainesUF human resources developmentNT career

learning organisationpersonnel management

RT in service trainingindustrial psychologyindustrial sociologystaff training

human rights FD Administration (11)FR droits de l’hommeUF cultural rightsNT children’s rights

civil rightsequal opportunitiesmigrants’ rightsright to educationright to informationright to trainingright to worksocial rightswomen’s rights

humanisation of work FD Enterprise (7)FR humanisation du travailBT quality of working lifeRT job enrichment

working conditions

humanities FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences humainesNT geography

historylegal scienceliteraturephilosophypsychologysocial sciences

humanities worker FD Occupations (8)FR métiers des sciences humainesUF economist

geographerhistorian

BT occupationRT economics

Hungary FD Countries and regions (14)FR HongrieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

OECD countries

hypermedia FD Learning (3)FR hypermédiaSN Media linking and indexing text and

graphics for on-screen browsing. BT multimedia systemRT computer based learning

Iceland FD Countries and regions (14)FR IslandeBT Northern EuropeRT EFTA

OECD countries

ICT USE information technology

identifi cation of competences USE Identifi cation of learning outcomes

identifi cation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR identifi cation des résultats

d’apprentissagecesSN The process of specifying and defi ning the

boundaries and content of competences. UF Identifi cation of competencesBT competence

Ile-de-France FD Countries and regions (14)FR Ile-de-FranceBT France

illegal work FD Labour (6)FR travail au noirSN Gainful occupation carried out in violation

of provisions set by legislation. UF clandestine employment

clandestine workhidden labour forcemoonlighting

BT labour


European Training ThesaurusEN – 105 individual learning account

RT informal sectormultiple employment

illiteracy FD Education (2)FR analphabétismeUF adult illiteracy

functional illiteracyBT literacyRT socially disabled person

ILO FD International organisations (16)FR OITSN Use to mean either the International

Labour Organisation or the International Labour Offi ce.

UF International Labour Offi ceInternational Labour Organisation

BT United NationsRT labour

immigrant USE migrant

immigration FD Population (13)FR immigrationBT international migrationNT host country

immigration country USE host country

import USE international trade

in company training FD Training (1)FR formation en entrepriseSN The descriptor covers any type of

training in an enterprise or organised by an enterprise. Use for any type of training (initial or continuing) organised by an enterprise. Vocational training of its personnel undertaken by a business enterprise on its own premises. It may take place on-the-job or in premises set aside for training purposes.

UF in fi rm trainingin plant training

BT training system

NT off the job trainingon the job trainingwork based training

RT enterpriselearning organisationstaff traininguniversity enterprise relationship

in fi rm training USE in company training

in plant training USE in company training

in service training FD Training (1)FR formation en cours d’emploiSN Any vocational training given during

active, paid-worked periods; do not confuse with “in company training”.

BT training systemRT human resources management

staff training

incomes policy FD Economy (10)FR politique salarialeBT economic policyRT wage

independent learning USE self directed learning

independent school USE primary education

independent work USE self employment

independent worker USE self employed worker

India FD Countries and regions (14)FR IndeBT South Asia

individual development USE personal development

individual learning account USE training allowance



individual training 106 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

individual training FD Training (1)FR formation individuelleSN Training whereby each trainee in a group

is allowed to proceed at his own pace without impeding others in the group.

BT type of trainingRT learning method

modular trainingopen learningprogrammed instructionself directed learning

individualism FD Society (12)FR individualismeBT behaviourRT attitude

Indonesia FD Countries and regions (14)FR IndonésieBT South East Asia

induction training FD Training (1)FR formation d’adaptationSN Use for training received by a worker

immediately after entry to a new post. BT type of training

industrial democracy USE workers’ participation

industrial development FD Economy (10)FR développement industrielBT economic development

industrial globalisation USE globalisation

industrial policy FD Economy (10)FR politique industrielleBT economic policyRT industry

industrial psychology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR psychologie du travailUF occupational psychology

psychology at workBT psychology

RT human resources managementlabourlabour relations

industrial relations USE labour relations

industrial robot USE robot

industrial sociology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sociologie industrielleUF occupational sociology

sociology at workBT sociologyRT human resources management

labourlabour relations

industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrieUF instrumentation industry

miningoptical industrytobacco industrytoy industry

NT chemical industrycommunications industrycomputer industryconstruction industryelectrical industryelectronics industryfi shing industryfood industryglass industryleather industrymachinery industrymanufacturing industrymetalworking industrypower industryrecycling industrytextile industrywoodworking industry

RT chamber of commerceeconomic developmentindustrial policysecondary sectortransition from school to work

informal learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage informel


European Training ThesaurusEN – 107 information processing

SN Learning resulting from daily activities related to work, family or leisure. It is not organised or structured in terms of objectives, time or learning support. Informal learning is in most cases unintentional from the learner’s perspective. Informal learning outcomes do not usually lead to certifi cation but may be validated and certifi ed in the framework of recognition of prior learning schemes. Informal learning is also referred to as experiential or incidental/random learning. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

UF experiential learningBT learning

informal sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur informelSN Consists of small-scale businesses

with the primary objective of generating incomes, for their participants; in industrialised countries the focus of attention has been the concealed or illegal aspects of these activities with their negative consequences.

UF black economyshadow economyunderground economy

BT economic systemRT illegal work

informatics FD Information and communication (5)FR informatiqueUF computer scienceBT information technologyNT computer application

computer engineeringhardwaresoftware

RT computer industrycomputer literacyinformation science

information FD Information and communication (5)FR informationNT access to information

documentationinformation user

RT information processinginformation scienceinformation system

information technologytraining informationvocational information

information age USE information society

information centre FD Information and communication (5)FR centre d’informationUF documentation centreBT access to informationRT Cedefop

EURYDICElibrary

information dissemination FD Information and communication (5)FR diffusion de l’informationBT documentationRT information service

information needs FD Information and communication (5)FR besoin d’informationBT information user

information network FD Information and communication (5)FR réseau d’informationUF documentary networkBT access to informationRT Cedefop

computer networkEURYDICE

information personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession de l’informationUF archivist

documentalistinformation workerinterpreterlibrariantranslator

BT occupationRT translation

information processing FD Information and communication (5)FR traitement de l’informationUF data processingBT documentationRT information

information system



information retrieval 108 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

information retrieval FD Information and communication (5)FR recherche de l’informationBT documentation

information revolution USE information society

information science FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences de l’informationRT documentation

informaticsinformationinformation technology

information service FD Economic activities (9)FR service d’informationUF archivesBT servicesRT information dissemination

information society FD Society (12)FR société de l’informationSN A society characterised by a high level of

information intensity in the everyday life of most citizens, in most organisations and workplaces; by the use of common or compatible technology for a wide range of personal, social, educational and business activities, and by the ability to transmit, receive and exchange digital data rapidly between places irrespective of distance.

UF information ageinformation revolution

BT societyNT knowledge societyRT Internet

teleworking

information storage FD Information and communication (5)FR stockage de l’informationBT documentation

information superhighway USE Internet

information system FD Information and communication (5)FR système d’informationBT computer applicationNT data management

RT informationinformation processing

information technology FD Information and communication (5)FR technologie de l’informationUF ICTNT informaticsRT information

information sciencetechnological sciencestechnology

information user FD Information and communication (5)FR utilisateur d’informationBT informationNT information needs

information worker USE information personnel

initial employment FD Labour (6)FR premier emploiBT entry into working life

initial training FD Training (1)FR formation initialeSN Vocational education and training carried

out in the initial education system, usually before entering working life (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

BT type of trainingNT vocational preparation

inland water transport USE transport

innovation FD Economy (10)FR innovationBT research and developmentRT automation

creativityeducational innovationnew technologiestechnological changetechnology transfertraining innovation


European Training ThesaurusEN – 109 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

inspector FD Occupations (8)FR inspecteurBT education workerRT public service personnel

institutional framework FD Administration (11)FR cadre institutionnelNT constitution

legislation

instructor USE training personnel

instrumentation industry USE industry

insulator USE construction worker

insurance FD Economic activities (9)FR assuranceBT services

insurance personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession des assurancesBT business worker

integration to work USE entry into working life

intellectual development FD Learning (3)FR développement intellectuelUF mental developmentBT personal developmentNT cognitive process

intelligence

intelligence FD Learning (3)FR intelligenceBT intellectual developmentNT judgment

self evaluation

intensive training FD Training (1)FR formation accéléréeSN Training for people who need to be trained

rapidly in well defi ned occupations.

UF accelerated courseaccelerated training

BT type of trainingRT short course

interactive learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage interactifBT learning methodRT interactive video

interactive skill USE communication skill

interactive video FD Learning (3)FR vidéo interactiveBT multimedia systemRT audiovisual aid

interactive learning

intercompany training FD Training (1)FR formation interentrepriseSN Vocational training jointly organised by

several companies which share their resources.

BT training systemRT enterprise

interest group FD Society (12)FR groupe d’intérêtUF lobby group

pressure groupBT sociocultural group

interface USE computer

interim report USE report

internal migration USE migration

international agreement FD Administration (11)FR accord internationalBT international relations

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development USE World Bank



international cooperation 110 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

international cooperation FD Administration (11)FR coopération internationaleBT international relationsNT crossborder cooperation

development aidRT joint venture

student exchangeteacher exchange

international economy FD Economy (10)FR économie internationaleNT globalisationRT trade

international enterprise USE multinational enterprise

international exchange FD Administration (11)FR échange internationalBT international relationsNT student exchange

teacher exchangeRT study tour

International Labour Offi ce USE ILO

International Labour Organisation USE ILO

international migration FD Population (13)FR migration internationaleBT migrationNT emigration

immigrationreturn migration

international organisation FD International organisations (16)FR organisation internationaleNT Council of Europe

EFTAEURYDICEOECDUnited NationsWorld Bank

RT association

international policy FD Administration (11)FR politique internationale

BT international relations

international relations FD Administration (11)FR relations internationalesNT export of training

international agreementinternational cooperationinternational exchangeinternational policy

international trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce internationalUF export

importBT tradeRT trade policy

international university USE university

internationalisation USE globalisation

Internet FD Information and communication (5)FR InternetUF information superhighway

world wide webBT computer networkRT eLearning

information societywebsite

interpersonal communication FD Information and communication (5)FR communication interpersonnelleBT communicationRT communication skill

interpersonal relations FD Society (12)FR relations interpersonnellesBT social behaviour

interpretation USE translation

interpreter USE information personnel

interview FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR entretien


European Training ThesaurusEN – 111 job applicant

BT research technique

investment FD Economy (10)FR investissementBT fi nancial resource

Ionian island FD Countries and regions (14)FR Îles IoniennesBT Greece

Iran FD Countries and regions (14)FR IranBT Gulf States

Iraq FD Countries and regions (14)FR IrakBT Gulf States

Ireland FD Countries and regions (14)FR IrlandeUF Republic of IrelandBT Western EuropeNT Connacht

LeinsterMunsterUlster


iron industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie sidérurgiqueUF steel industryBT metalworking industry

Isle of Man FD Countries and regions (14)FR île de ManBT Western Europe

Israel FD Countries and regions (14)FR IsraëlBT Middle East

Italy FD Countries and regions (14)FR ItalieBT Southern Europe

NT AbruzziApuliaBasilicataCalabriaCampaniaEmilia RomagnaFriuli Venezia GiuliaLatiumLiguriaLombardyMarcheMolisePiedmontSardiniaSicilyTrentino Alto AdigeTuscanyUmbriaValle d’AostaVeneto


Ivory Coast FD Countries and regions (14)FR Côte d’IvoireBT West Africa

Jamaica FD Countries and regions (14)FR JamaïqueBT Greater Antilles

Japan FD Countries and regions (14)FR JaponBT Far EastRT OECD countries

jeweller FD Occupations (8)FR joaillierUF goldsmithBT manufacturing workerRT handicraft

job analysis FD Enterprise (7)FR analyse des tâchesUF task analysisBT job descriptionRT occupational profi le

job applicant USE job seeker



job application 112 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

job application USE job search

job centre USE employment service

job classifi cation FD Enterprise (7)FR classifi cation des emploisSN Classifi cation according to the kind of

work performed by the individual (ILO). UF occupational classifi cation

occupational fi eldsocio occupational category

BT job descriptionRT job rotation

job content FD Enterprise (7)FR contenu de l’emploiSN The functions, requirements and duties of

a particular job, which may differ for the same job title due to variations in type of machinery or production method.

BT work organisationNT job design

job enlargementjob enrichment

job creation USE employment creation

job description FD Enterprise (7)FR description d’emploiSN Recognised list of functions and tasks

included in a particular job. UF job specifi cationBT work organisationNT job analysis

job classifi cationRT job offer

job design FD Enterprise (7)FR conception des tâchesUF job restructuringBT job contentRT job rotation

job dislocation USE job loss

job enlargement FD Enterprise (7)

FR élargissement des tâchesBT job contentRT job rotation

job enrichment FD Enterprise (7)FR enrichissement des tâchesSN Giving a person more responsible job

functions. BT job contentRT humanisation of work

job rotationjob satisfaction

job experience USE work experience

job interview USE employment interview

job loss FD Labour (6)FR perte d’emploiUF job dislocationBT termination of employmentRT unemployment

job market USE labour market

job offer FD Labour (6)FR offre d’emploiUF job proposalBT employment opportunityRT job description

job vacancy

job opportunity USE employment opportunity

job performance USE work performance

job placement FD Labour (6)FR placementUF placementBT employment policyRT recruitment

job proposal USE job offer


European Training ThesaurusEN – 113 Jordan

job requirements FD Labour (6)FR qualifi cations requisesSN Aptitudes, knowledge and/or skills

required to perform duties. UF skill requirement

vocational requirementsBT vocational qualifi cationRT personnel selection

job restructuring USE job design

job rotation FD Enterprise (7)FR rotation emploi formationSN Job rotation involves the training of an

unemployed person to enable him or her to be a substitute for an employee in a company who is receiving continuing training. Don’t confuse with occupational mobility in the sense of reassignment.

BT quality of working lifeRT job classifi cation

job designjob enlargementjob enrichmentjob satisfaction

job satisfaction FD Enterprise (7)FR satisfaction au travailUF occupational satisfactionBT quality of working lifeRT job enrichment

job rotation

job search FD Labour (6)FR recherche d’emploiUF job application

job seekingBT labour supplyRT job seeker

job security FD Labour (6)FR sécurité d’emploiUF employment securityBT employment policyRT fl exicurity

job seeker FD Labour (6)FR demandeur d’emploiUF job applicant

registered unemployed workerBT unemployed workerRT job search

job seeking USE job search

job sharing FD Enterprise (7)FR partage du travailSN Two or more people sharing one job. UF job splittingBT work organisation

job specifi cation USE job description

job splitting USE job sharing

job termination USE termination of employment

job vacancy FD Labour (6)FR vacance d’emploiUF unfi lled vacancyBT employment opportunityRT job offer

joiner USE wood worker

joint venture FD Enterprise (7)FR joint ventureBT enterpriseRT international cooperation

training partnership

Jordan FD Countries and regions (14)FR JordanieBT Mashreq



journal 114 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

journal FD Document type (17)FR revueSN A periodical published by an academic

press, learned society, government agency or professional organization, intended for scholars, students, professionals or experts, and featuring articles which disseminate results, critical interpretations or reviews of scholarly or scientifi c research in a particular subject discipline or profession.

UF ejournalnewsletter

journal article FD Document type (17)FR article de journal

journal issue FD Document type (17)FR numéro de journalUF special issue

journalism worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du secteur de la presseUF journalist

reporterBT occupation

journalist USE journalism worker

judge USE law worker

judgment FD Learning (3)FR jugementBT intelligence

jurisprudence USE legislation

juvenile delinquency FD Society (12)FR délinquance juvénileBT delinquencyRT disadvantaged group

youth

Kazakhstan FD Countries and regions (14)FR Kazakhstan

BT Central AsiaRT former USSR

Kenya FD Countries and regions (14)FR KenyaBT East Africa

key qualifi cation USE key competences

key competences FD Learning (3)FR compétences clésSN The sum of skills (basic skills and

new basic skills) needed to live in contemporary knowledge society. In its recommendation on key competences for lifelong learning, the European Commission sets out the eight key competences: communication in the mother tongue; communication in foreign languages; competences in maths, science and technology; digital competence; learning to learn; interpersonal, intercultural and social competences, and civic competence; entrepreneurship; cultural expression. (Source: Cedefop and European Commission, 2006.)

UF core skillgeneric skillkey qualifi cationkey skill

BT skillRT skill development

social skilltransfer of learning

key skill USE key competences

knitter USE textile worker

know how FD Learning (3)FR Savoir-faireBT personal developmentRT aptitude

competence

knowledge FD Learning (3)FR savoir


European Training ThesaurusEN – 115 labour legislation

SN The outcome of assimilating information through learning. Knowledge is the body of facts, principles, theories and practices related to a fi eld of study or work. (Source: European Commission.)

BT personal developmentRT Competence

knowledge based system USE artifi cial intelligence

knowledge management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion des connaissancesBT personnel management

knowledge society FD Society (12)FR société du savoirSN A society characterised by the impact

of new information and communication technologies on the fi elds of education, science, culture and communication (Unesco).

BT information society

knowledge transfer USE transfer of learning

knowledge worker USE highly skilled worker

Kosovo FD Countries and regions (14)FR KosovoBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

Kuwait FD Countries and regions (14)FR KoweïtBT Gulf States

Kyrgyzstan FD Countries and regions (14)FR KirghizistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR

labour FD Labour (6)FR travailNT illegal work

multiple employment

RT ILOindustrial psychologyindustrial sociologylabour contractlabour marketlabour relationsministry of labourwork environmentworkerworking life

labour administration FD Administration (11)FR administration du travailBT administrationNT labour statisticsRT public administration

labour code USE labour legislation

labour contract FD Labour (6)FR contrat de travailUF contract of employmentNT apprenticeship contract

training employment contractRT employer

labourlabour legislationworker

labour demand USE manpower needs

labour exchange offi cer USE public service personnel

labour force USE manpower

labour law USE labour legislation

labour legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation du travailUF employment law

labour codelabour law

BT legislationNT employment protectionRT labour contract



labour market 116 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

labour market FD Labour (6)FR marché du travailUF employment situation

job marketNT access to employment

employabilityemployment monitoring systemlabour market fl exibilitylabour market reformlabour market segmentationlabour mobilitylabour supplymanpowerregional labour market

RT employmentlabourtraining needsunemployment

labour market analysis USE employment monitoring system

labour market fl exibility FD Labour (6)FR fl exibilité du marché du travailBT labour marketRT fl exicurity

labour market reform FD Labour (6)FR réforme du marché du travailBT labour market

labour market segmentation FD Labour (6)FR segmentation du marché du travailUF dual labour marketBT labour market

labour market structure USE occupational structure

labour market survey USE employment survey

labour mobility FD Labour (6)FR mobilité de la main-d’œuvreSN The ability to move and adapt to a new

occupational environment. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006).

UF mobility of individualspersonnel mobilitystaff mobility

BT labour marketRT freedom of movement

geographical mobilityoccupational mobility

labour policy USE employment policy

labour relations FD Enterprise (7)FR relations du travailSN Covers broad relations between:

employers and employees; management and organised labour; labour, management and the government.

UF industrial relationsNT collective agreement

collective bargainingemployers’ rolesocial dialoguesocial partnersstrikeworkers’ participation

RT employees’ attitudeindustrial psychologyindustrial sociologylabourmanagement attitudepersonnel managementwork environment

labour requirement USE manpower needs

labour shortage FD Labour (6)FR pénurie de main-d’œuvreUF employment shortage

personnel shortagestaff shortage

BT manpower needs

labour statistics FD Administration (11)FR statistiques du travailUF employment statisticsBT labour administrationNT employment surveyRT manpower

statistics

labour supply FD Labour (6)FR offre de main-d’œuvre


European Training ThesaurusEN – 117 leadership training

SN Use to denote not only the size of the work force, but also its skills and geographic location.

UF personnel supplystaff supply

BT labour marketNT job search

labour union USE trade union

labourer USE unskilled worker

land transport USE transport

landscape gardener FD Occupations (8)FR paysagisteBT architectRT gardener

urban planning

language FD Information and communication (5)FR langueBT communication mediumNT minority language

mother tonguemultilingualism

RT foreign language learninglinguistics

language barrier FD Labour (6)FR barrière linguistiqueBT employment opportunityRT access to education

Languedoc-Roussillon FD Countries and regions (14)FR Languedoc-RoussillonBT France

Laos FD Countries and regions (14)FR LaosBT South East Asia

large enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR grande entrepriseBT type of enterprise

Latin America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique latineBT AmericaNT Central America

South America

Latium FD Countries and regions (14)FR LatiumBT Italy

Latvia FD Countries and regions (14)FR LettonieBT Baltic StatesRT Eastern Europe


law FD Administration (11)FR loiSN Use for a legal text adopted by

Parliament. For legal text not adopted by Parliament use regulation. For works commenting on or citing particular laws use legislation or its narrower terms. For the discipline use legal science.

UF actBT legislation

law worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession juridiqueUF judge

lawyerlegal personnel

BT occupationRT legislation

lawyer USE law worker

leadership FD Society (12)FR leadershipBT behaviourRT motivation

leadership training USE management training



learning 118 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissageSN A process by which an individual

assimilates information, ideas and values and thus acquires knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences (Source: Cedefop and EQF working group, 2006.).

UF applied learninglearning process

NT adult learningformal learninginformal learninglearning diffi cultylearning environmentlearning methodlearning strategynon-formal learningtransfer of learningvaluing learning

RT learning organisationtarget group

learning aid USE training aid

learning by doing FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage par la pratiqueSN Learning acquired by repeated practice

of a task, with or without prior instruction. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.)

BT learning method

learning by using FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage par l’utilisationSN Learning acquired by repeated use of

tools or facilities, with or without prior instruction. (Source: Cedefop, 2000 and 2006.)

BT learning method

learning company USE learning organisation

learning credit USE training credit

learning diffi culty FD Learning (3)FR diffi cultés d’apprentissageUF learning disabilityBT learningRT disadvantaged group

learning disability USE learning diffi culty

learning enterprise USE learning organisation

learning environment FD Learning (3)FR environnement d’apprentissageBT learning

learning material FD Document type (17)FR matériel d’apprentissageSN Any printed and/or non printed material

designed specifi cally for learning. UF eLearning material

handbookmanualtextbook

learning method FD Learning (3)FR méthode d’apprentissageSN A process by which an individual

assimilates information, ideas and values and thus acquires knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences. Learning occurs through personal refl ection, reconstruction and social interaction. Learning may take place in formal, non-formal and informal settings. (Source: Cedefop and EQF Working group, 2006.)

UF learning pacestudy method

BT learningNT elearningl

group learninginteractive learninglearning by doinglearning by usinglearning methodopen learningself directed learningvirtual learning

RT individual trainingtraining method

learning objective USE educational objective

learning organisation FD Enterprise (7)FR organisation apprenante


European Training ThesaurusEN – 119 legal text

SN Understanding of working life as learning environment. By developing themselves, people develop at the same time their organisations.

UF learning companylearning enterpriseorganisational learning

BT human resources managementRT enterprise

in company traininglearning

learning outcome USE valuing learning

learning pace USE learning method

learning process USE learning

learning site USE training centre

learning strategy FD Learning (3)FR stratégie d’apprentissageUF learning styleBT learning

learning style USE learning strategy

learning theory FD Sciences and technology (4)FR théorie de l’apprentissageBT sciences of education

learning to learn USE educational objective

learning venue USE training centre

leather goods maker USE leather worker

leather industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du cuirUF footwear industry

fur industrytanning industry

BT industryRT clothing industry

leather worker

leather worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du cuirUF leather goods maker

shoemakerBT manufacturing workerRT leather industry

Lebanon FD Countries and regions (14)FR LibanBT Mashreq

lecturer USE higher education teacher

legal aspect FD Administration (11)FR aspect juridiqueBT legislation

legal document USE legal text

legal personnel USE law worker

legal science FD Sciences and technology (4)FR science juridiqueBT humanitiesRT legislation

legal service USE services

legal text FD Document type (17)FR texte juridiqueSN Use for texts such as laws,

regulations, directives, decrees, regulations, conventions, resolutions, recommendations, agreements and decisions, etc. For annotations or discussions of the text use commentary.

UF legal document



legislation 120 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

legislation FD Administration (11)FR législationUF administrative law

case lawcourtjurisprudence

BT institutional frameworkNT economic legislation

educational legislationlabour legislationlawlegal aspectregulationsocial legislationtraining legislation

RT law workerlegal scienceparliament

Leinster FD Countries and regions (14)FR LeinsterBT Ireland

leisure FD Enterprise (7)FR loisirUF leisure time

recreationBT working conditionsNT holidaysRT recreation service

leisure service USE recreation service

leisure time USE leisure

length of studies USE duration of studies

Leonardo da Vinci FD European Union (15)FR Leonardo da VinciSN Leonardo da Vinci (1995-2006) is the

action programme for implementing the European Community’s vocational training policy, supporting and supplementing action taken by the Member States.


Lesotho FD Countries and regions (14)FR LesothoBT Southern Africa

Lesser Antilles FD Countries and regions (14)FR Petites AntillesBT Caribbean islandNT British West Indies

French West IndiesNetherlands Antilles

lesser used language USE minority language

level of education FD Education (2)FR niveau d’enseignementUF educational levelNT post compulsory education

post secondary educationpre school educationprimary educationsecondary education

RT education systemlevel of qualifi cationtraining level

level of qualifi cation FD Labour (6)FR niveau de qualifi cationUF skill levelBT vocational qualifi cationNT semi skilled worker

skilled workerunskilled worker

RT apprenticelevel of educationoccupational statustraining levelworker

liberal profession FD Labour (6)FR profession libéraleSN Profession exercised by professional

workers, often self-employed, such as doctors, lawyers, accountants, architects.

BT occupational statusRT regulated occupation

Liberia FD Countries and regions (14)FR LibériaBT West Africa


European Training ThesaurusEN – 121 Lithuania

librarian USE information personnel

library FD Economic activities (9)FR bibliothèqueBT cultural serviceRT information centre

library catalogue USE catalogue

Libya FD Countries and regions (14)FR LibyeBT North Africa

Liechtenstein FD Countries and regions (14)FR LiechtensteinBT Western Europe

lifelong learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage tout au long de la vieSN All learning activity undertaken throughout

life, which results in improving knowledge, know-how, skills competences and/or qualifi cations for personal, social and/or professional reasons. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

UF continuous professional developmentlifelong learning strategy

RT continuing educationcontinuing training

Lifelong Learning Programme FR Programme pour l’éducation et la

formation tout au long de la vieBT Community programmeRT Leonardo da Vinci

SocratesErasmusGrundtvig

lifelong learning strategy USE lifelong learning

Liguria FD Countries and regions (14)FR LigurieBT Italy

Limburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR LimbourgBT Netherlands

Limousin FD Countries and regions (14)FR LimousinBT France

Lingua FD European Union (15)FR LinguaSN Lingua (1999-2006) is the language action

of the Socrates programme. Its aim is to promote language teaching and learning and to develop language learning tools.


linguistic group USE sociocultural group

linguistics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR linguistiqueBT social sciencesNT terminologyRT language

multilingualism

Lisbon and the Tagus Valley FD Countries and regions (14)FR Lisbonne et la vallée du TageBT Portugal

literacy FD Education (2)FR alphabétisationUF reading

writingBT basic educationNT illiteracy

literature FD Sciences and technology (4)FR littératureBT humanitiesRT arts

Lithuania FD Countries and regions (14)FR LituanieBT Baltic StatesRT Eastern Europe




living conditions 122 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

living conditions FD Society (12)FR conditions de vieUF standard of livingBT socio economic conditionsNT poverty

wealthRT quality of life

loan FD Economy (10)FR empruntSN A sum of money made available to

individuals or organisations for an agreed purpose (for example, to meet educational costs) and re-payable on specifi ed terms.

BT fi nancial resourceRT fi nancing of education

lobby group USE interest group

local administration USE local authority

local authority FD Administration (11)FR collectivité localeUF city government

local administrationlocal communitymunicipal government

BT regional and local authorityNT community development

community participationRT decentralisation

local fi nancelocal training initiative

local community USE local authority

local economy USE local planning

local fi nance FD Economy (10)FR fi nances localesBT public fi nanceRT local authority

regional policy

local initiative USE local planning

local planning FD Administration (11)FR planifi cation localeUF local economy

local initiativeBT planningNT urban planningRT community development

local training initiative FD Training (1)FR action locale de formationBT training initiativeRT local authority

logger USE forestry worker

Loire Region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-de-la-LoireBT France

Lombardy FD Countries and regions (14)FR LombardieBT Italy

long term unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage de longue duréeBT unemployment durationRT unemployed worker

Lorraine FD Countries and regions (14)FR LorraineBT France

Lower Austria FD Countries and regions (14)FR Basse-AutricheBT Austria

Lower Austria [ENG] FR Lower Austria

lower class USE working class

Lower Normandy FD Countries and regions (14)FR Basse-NormandieBT France


European Training ThesaurusEN – 123 man

Lower Saxony FD Countries and regions (14)FR Basse-SaxeBT Germany

lower secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement secondaire (1er cycle)BT secondary education

Luxembourg FD Countries and regions (14)FR LuxembourgBT Western EuropeRT EU countries

OECD countries

Macao FD Countries and regions (14)FR MacaoBT Far East

Macedonia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MacédoineBT Greece

machine tool industry USE machinery industry

machine translation USE translation

machinery industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie mécaniqueUF armament industry

electromechanical industrymachine tool industry

BT industryNT aircraft industry

automobile industryshipbuilding

RT mechanicmechanical engineering

Madagascar FD Countries and regions (14)FR MadagascarBT Southern Africa

Madeira FD Countries and regions (14)FR MadèreBT Portugal

Maghreb FD Countries and regions (14)FR MaghrebBT North AfricaNT Algeria

MoroccoTunisia

mailing list FD Document type (17)FR liste de diffusionSN Method of diffusing information, by

which the subscribers of the list can send messages that will be diffused to all the other subscribers of the list.

maintenance repair FD Economic activities (9)FR entretien et réparationUF repairBT services

Malawi FD Countries and regions (14)FR MalawiBT Southern Africa

Malaysia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MalaisieBT South East Asia

Maldives FD Countries and regions (14)FR MaldivesBT South Asia

male USE man

Mali FD Countries and regions (14)FR MaliBT West Africa

Malta FD Countries and regions (14)FR MalteBT Southern EuropeRT EU countries

man FD Population (13)FR hommeUF maleBT sex distribution



management 124 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

management FD Administration (11)FR gestionUF administration managementBT administrationNT quality management

self managementRT administrative structure

enterprisemanagement counsellingmanagement trainingmanager

management attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude patronaleUF employers’ attitudeBT work attitudeRT labour relations

management board USE company management

management consultant USE consultant

management counselling FD Economic activities (9)FR conseil en gestionBT business serviceRT consultant

management

management education USE management training

management of change USE organisational change

management skill USE managerial skill

management training FD Training (1)FR formation à la gestionUF business administration training

business communicationbusiness educationbusiness engineerbusiness ethicsbusiness failurebusiness gamesentrepreneurial educationentrepreneurial trainingleadership trainingmanagement education

BT sectoral trainingRT management

manager FD Labour (6)FR gestionnaireBT occupational statusRT management

managerial skill

managerial competence USE managerial skill

managerial personnel USE business worker

managerial skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence en managementUF management skill

managerial competenceBT skillRT manager

manicurist USE beautician

manpower FD Labour (6)FR main-d’œuvreUF economically active population

employed personshuman resourcelabour forceworkforce

BT labour marketNT unqualifi ed young peopleRT labour statistics

personnel managementworker

manpower needs FD Labour (6)FR besoin de main-d’œuvreUF labour demand

labour requirementBT employment opportunityNT labour shortage

skill shortage

manpower planning FD Labour (6)FR planifi cation de la main-d’œuvreUF employment planningBT employment policy


European Training ThesaurusEN – 125 mathematician

manpower policy USE employment policy

manual USE learning material

manual worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur manuelUF blue collar workerBT worker

manufacturing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie manufacturièreBT industry

manufacturing worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de l’industrieBT occupationNT food worker

glass workerjewellerleather workerpaper makerplastic products makerprinting workertextile workerwood worker

Marche FD Countries and regions (14)FR MarchesBT Italy

marginal worker USE casual worker

marginalisation FD Society (12)FR marginalisationUF precariousnessBT social behaviourRT disadvantaged group

market FD Economy (10)FR marchéBT economy

market research USE marketing

marketing FD Economic activities (9)FR marketingUF market research

sales promotionBT business service

Mashreq FD Countries and regions (14)FR MachrekBT Middle EastNT Jordan

LebanonSyria

mason bricklayer USE construction worker

mass media FD Information and communication (5)FR médiaBT communication mediumNT press

radiotelevision

RT communications industrytraining aid

mastercraftsman FD Labour (6)FR maître artisanSN Skilled worker who has become

very highly competent in his trade or occupation, having gone beyond the ordinary level of skills and knowledge required of a craftsman.

BT craftsman

maternity leave USE training leave

mathematical model FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR modèle mathématiqueBT model

mathematician FD Occupations (8)FR mathématicienUF mathematics worker

statisticianBT science workerRT mathematics

statistics



mathematics 126 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

mathematics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR mathématiquesNT statisticsRT mathematician

mathematics worker USE mathematician

maturity FD Learning (3)FR maturitéBT personal developmentRT adult

Mauritania FD Countries and regions (14)FR MauritanieBT West Africa

Mauritius FD Countries and regions (14)FR MauriceBT Southern Africa

measurement FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR mesureBT research technique

meat industry USE food industry

mechanic FD Occupations (8)FR mécanicienUF mechanical fi tter

motor mechanicsetter of production machinesskilled machinist

BT engineering workerRT machinery industry

mechanical engineering

mechanical engineering FD Sciences and technology (4)FR construction mécaniqueBT engineeringRT machinery industry

mechanicmechanisation

mechanical fi tter USE mechanic

mechanisation FD Sciences and technology (4)FR mécanisationBT technologyNT roboticsRT mechanical engineering

Mecklenburg West Pomerania FD Countries and regions (14)FR Mecklembourg-Poméranie-OccidentaleBT Germany

medical auxiliary USE paramedical personnel

medical care USE health service

medical doctor USE medical practitioner

medical personnel USE health worker

medical practitioner FD Occupations (8)FR médecinUF medical doctor

physicianBT health worker

medical science USE medicine

medicine FD Sciences and technology (4)FR médecineUF medical science

natural medicineveterinary medicine

BT biologyRT health

health servicehealth worker

Mediterranean countries USE Southern Europe

medium enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR moyenne entrepriseBT small and medium enterprise

Melanesia FD Countries and regions (14)


European Training ThesaurusEN – 127 midwife

FR MélanésieBT Oceania

Melilla FD Countries and regions (14)FR MelillaBT Spain

mental development USE intellectual development

mental health FD Society (12)FR santé mentaleBT healthRT mentally disabled person

mental stress USE occupational disease

mentally disabled person FD Society (12)FR handicapé mentalUF mentally handicappedBT disabled personRT mental health

special needs education

mentally handicapped USE mentally disabled person

mentoring FD Learning (3)FR tutoratBT teaching

metalworker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur de la métallurgieUF precision instrument fi tter

toolmakerBT engineering workerNT welderRT metalworking industry

metalworking industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie métallurgiqueBT industryNT iron industryRT metalworker

meteorology USE natural sciences

methodology FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR méthodologieBT research method

Mexico FD Countries and regions (14)FR MexiqueBT North AmericaRT OECD countries

microcomputer FD Information and communication (5)FR microordinateurUF personal computerBT computer

microelectronics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR microélectroniqueBT electronics

Micronesia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MicronésieBT Oceania

mid career break USE career break

middle class USE social class

Middle East FD Countries and regions (14)FR Proche Moyen OrientBT AsiaNT Afghanistan

Autonomous Territories of PalestineGulf StatesIsraelMashreqYemen

Midi-Pyrénées FD Countries and regions (14)FR Midi-PyrénéesBT France

midwife USE paramedical personnel



migrant 128 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

migrant FD Society (12)FR migrantUF emigrant

immigrantBT sociocultural groupNT migrant woman

migrant’s childrefugee

RT country of originemigrationmigrant employmentmigrant integrationmigrant trainingmigrant unemploymentmigrant workermigrants’ rightsmigrationwork permit

migrant education USE migrant training

migrant employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des migrantsBT employmentRT migrant

migrant integration FD Society (12)FR intégration des migrantsBT social integrationRT migrant

migrant training FD Training (1)FR formation des migrantsUF migrant educationBT target groupRT migrant

migrant worker

migrant unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage des migrantsBT unemploymentRT migrant

migrant woman FD Society (12)FR femme migranteBT migrantRT female employment

migrant worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur migrantUF expatriate worker

foreign workerBT workerNT frontier workerRT migrant

migrant training

migrant’s child FD Society (12)FR enfant de migrantBT migrant

migrants’ rights FD Administration (11)FR droits des migrantsBT human rightsRT migrant

migration FD Population (13)FR migrationUF internal migration

rural urban migrationBT populationNT geographical mobility

international migrationRT cultural identity

freedom of movementmigrantpopulation distribution

military personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel militaireUF soldierBT security services worker

milling industry USE food industry

miner FD Occupations (8)FR mineurUF coal minerBT occupation

Minerva FD European Union (15)FR MinervaSN Minerva programme’s (1999-2006) aim

is to encourage the use of information and communication technologies (ICT),


European Training ThesaurusEN – 129 Mongolia

multimedia and open and distance learning (ODL). Minerva is aimed at teachers and students from schools and universities, but also from the world of the multimedia industry, ICT and the civil society.


mining USE industry

ministry FD Administration (11)FR ministèreUF government departmentBT governmentNT ministry of education

ministry of labour

ministry of education FD Administration (11)FR ministère de l’éducationBT ministryRT educational administration

educational policy

ministry of labour FD Administration (11)FR ministère du travailBT ministryRT labour

minority USE minority group

minority group FD Society (12)FR groupe minoritaireUF minorityBT sociocultural groupRT minority language

minority language FD Information and communication (5)FR langue minoritaireUF lesser used languageBT languageRT minority group

mixed economy FD Economy (10)FR économie mixteBT economic systemRT mixed investment company

mixed investment company FD Enterprise (7)FR société d’économie mixteSN Company in which the State or a public

body is involved with private capital. UF semi state bodyBT public enterpriseRT mixed economy

public body

mobility of individuals USE labour mobility

model FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR modèleNT mathematical model

modernisation FD Society (12)FR modernisationBT social changeRT technological change

modular training FD Training (1)FR formation modulaireSN System in which the training content is

divided into independent units or modules of learning.

BT training systemRT individual training

training credit

Molise FD Countries and regions (14)FR MoliseBT Italy

Monaco FD Countries and regions (14)FR MonacoBT Southern Europe

mondialisation USE globalisation

monetary policy FD Economy (10)FR politique monétaireBT economic policy

Mongolia FD Countries and regions (14)FR MongolieBT Central Asia



monograph 130 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

monograph FD Document type (17)FR monographieSN Non-serial bibliographic item, i.e. an item

either complete in one part or complete (or intended to be completed) in a fi nite number of separate parts.

monograph part FD Document type (17)FR partie de monographie

Montenegro FR MonténégroBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

moonlighting USE illegal work

Morocco FD Countries and regions (14)FR MarocBT Maghreb

mortality USE population trends

mother tongue FD Information and communication (5)FR langue maternelleUF native languageBT language

motivation FD Society (12)FR motivationBT behaviourRT attitude

leadershipwork attitude

motor mechanic USE mechanic

Mozambique FD Countries and regions (14)FR MozambiqueBT Southern Africa

multi skill training FD Training (1)FR formation pluridisciplinaireUF polyvalent trainingBT type of trainingRT polyvalence

multicultural environment FD Society (12)FR environnement multiculturelBT culture

multilingualism FD Information and communication (5)FR multilinguismeBT languageNT bilingualism

translationRT linguistics

multimedia USE multimedia system

multimedia system FD Learning (3)FR système multimédiaSN Integrates sound, text and images

(eventually animated) on the same support.

UF multimediaBT training aidNT hypermedia

interactive videoRT computer based learning

multinational enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR entreprise multinationaleUF international enterprise

transnational corporationBT type of enterprise

multiple employment FD Labour (6)FR cumul d’emploisSN Where a worker holds more than one job

at the same time, legally, either for two or more different employers or as self-employed for one of the jobs.

UF dual jobholdingdual qualifi cation

BT labourRT illegal work

municipal government USE local authority

Munster FD Countries and regions (14)FR MunsterBT Ireland


European Training ThesaurusEN – 131 New Zealand

museum USE cultural service

music FD Economic activities (9)FR musiqueBT artsRT performing artist

musician USE performing artist

Myanmar FD Countries and regions (14)FR MyanmarBT South East Asia

Namibia FD Countries and regions (14)FR NamibieBT Southern Africa

narcotic addiction USE addiction

national budget FD Economy (10)FR budget de l’ÉtatBT public fi nanceNT public expenditure

national insurance USE social security

national planning USE government policy

nationality USE citizenship

native language USE mother tongue

natural environment USE environment

natural medicine USE medicine

natural sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences naturellesUF meteorologyNT biology

geology

nature conservation USE environmental protection

Navarre FD Countries and regions (14)FR NavarreBT Spain

Nepal FD Countries and regions (14)FR NépalBT South Asia

Netherlands FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays-BasBT Western EuropeNT Drenthe

FlevolandFrieslandGelderlandGroningenLimburgNorth BrabantNorth HollandOverijsselSouth HollandUtrechtZeeland

RT EU countriesNetherlands AntillesOECD countries

Netherlands Antilles FD Countries and regions (14)FR Antilles néerlandaisesBT Lesser AntillesRT Netherlands

new occupation USE non-traditional occupation

new technologies FD Sciences and technology (4)FR nouvelles technologiesBT technologyRT innovation

New Zealand FD Countries and regions (14)FR Nouvelle-ZélandeBT OceaniaRT OECD countries



newsletter 132 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

newsletter USE journal

newspaper FD Document type (17)FR journal

Nicaragua FD Countries and regions (14)FR NicaraguaBT Central America

Nice Treaty USE European Treaty

Niger FD Countries and regions (14)FR NigerBT West Africa

Nigeria FD Countries and regions (14)FR NigeriaBT West Africa

non-formal education USE non-formal learning

non-formal learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage non formelSN Learning embedded in planned activities

not explicitly designated as learning in terms of learning objectives, learning time or learning support. Non-formal learning is intentional from the learner’s point of view. Non-formal learning outcomes may be validated and lead to certifi cation; Non-formal learning is sometimes described as semi-structured learning. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

UF non-formal educationnon-formal trainingprior learning

BT learningRT awarding body

career recordvocational assessment

non-formal training USE non-formal learning

non-traditional occupation FD Labour (6)FR profession non traditionnelle

SN Occupations in which certain groups are under-represented, usually applies to so-called male or female occupations.

UF new occupationBT occupational structure

non-university higher education FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieur non universitaireUF college of technology

higher non-university educationBT higher educationNT polytechnic educationRT higher education institute

Nord-Pas-de-Calais FD Countries and regions (14)FR Nord-Pas-de-CalaisBT France

North Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique du NordBT AfricaNT Egypt

LibyaMaghreb

North America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique du NordBT AmericaNT Canada

MexicoUnited States

North Brabant FD Countries and regions (14)FR Brabant-SeptentrionalBT Netherlands

North Holland FD Countries and regions (14)FR Hollande-SeptentrionaleBT Netherlands

North Korea FD Countries and regions (14)FR Corée du NordBT Far East

North Rhine Westphalia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Rhénanie-du-Nord-WestphalieBT Germany


European Training ThesaurusEN – 133 occupation

North West England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du Nord-OuestBT England

Northern Aegean FD Countries and regions (14)FR Égée septentrionaleBT Greece

Northern England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du NordBT England

Northern Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe du NordBT EuropeNT Faroes

GreenlandIcelandScandinavia

Northern Ireland FD Countries and regions (14)FR Irlande du NordBT United Kingdom

Northern Portugal FD Countries and regions (14)FR Portugal du NordBT Portugal

Norway FD Countries and regions (14)FR NorvègeBT ScandinaviaRT EFTA

OECD countries

nuclear industry USE power industry

number of students FD Education (2)FR nombre d’étudiantsBT educational statisticsRT number of trainees

number of trainees FD Administration (11)FR nombre de stagiairesBT training statisticsRT number of students

numeracy FD Education (2)FR numéracieUF adult innumeracyBT basic education

nurse FD Occupations (8)FR infi rmierBT paramedical personnel

observation FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR observationBT research technique

obsolescent occupation FD Labour (6)FR profession obsolèteBT occupational structure

occupation FD Occupations (8)FR professionNT agriculture worker

business workerconstruction workercultural sector employeeeducation workerengineering workerenvironment workerforestry workerhealth workerhumanities workerinformation personneljournalism workerlaw workermanufacturing workerminerpublic service personnelscience workersecurity services workerservices workersocial sciences workersocial services workertransport services workerveterinary worker

RT careeroccupational statusoccupational structureregulated occupationsectoral training



occupational accident 134 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

occupational accident FD Enterprise (7)FR accident du travailBT occupational safety

occupational aspiration USE vocational aspiration

occupational change USE career change

occupational choice USE career choice

occupational classifi cation USE job classifi cation

occupational disease FD Enterprise (7)FR maladie professionnelleUF mental stressBT working conditions

occupational environment USE work environment

occupational fi eld USE job classifi cation

occupational guidance USE vocational guidance

occupational information USE vocational information

occupational mobility FD Enterprise (7)FR mobilité professionnelleUF displacementBT career developmentNT secondmentRT freedom of movement

geographical mobilitylabour mobilitysocial mobilitytransparency of qualifi cations

occupational organisation USE professional association

occupational profi le FD Labour (6)FR profi l professionnelUF employee profi le

qualifi cational profi le

BT vocational qualifi cationRT job analysis

training specifi cation

occupational psychology USE industrial psychology

occupational qualifi cation USE vocational qualifi cation

occupational rehabilitation USE vocational rehabilitation

occupational safety FD Enterprise (7)FR sécurité du travailSN Measures to prevent or reduce

occupational accidents and diseases through training, regulations, etc.

UF accident preventionsafety at workstaff safety

BT working conditionsNT occupational accident

safety measureRT safety training

occupational satisfaction USE job satisfaction

occupational sociology USE industrial sociology

occupational status FD Labour (6)FR statut professionnelUF employment status

professional statusNT civil servant

craftsmanemployeeengineerentrepreneurliberal professionmanagerself employed workersupervisortechnicianworker

RT apprenticelevel of qualifi cationoccupation

occupational structure FD Labour (6)


European Training ThesaurusEN – 135 offi ce worker

FR structure de l’emploiUF employment pattern

employment structurelabour market structure

BT employmentNT non-traditional occupation

obsolescent occupationRT occupation

occupational success FD Enterprise (7)FR réussite professionnelleBT career development

occupational transformation USE career change

Oceania FD Countries and regions (14)FR OcéanieNT Australia

MelanesiaMicronesiaNew ZealandPolynesia

OECD FD International organisations (16)FR OCDEUF Organisation for Economic Cooperation

and DevelopmentBT international organisationRT economic development

OECD countries FD Countries and regions (14)FR pays de l’OCDERT Australia

AustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIcelandIrelandItalyJapanLuxembourgMexicoNetherlands

New ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSouth KoreaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandTurkeyUnited KingdomUnited States

off the job training FD Training (1)FR formation en dehors du poste de travailSN Vocational training undertaken away from

the normal work situation. It is usually only part of a whole training programme, in which it is combined with on-the-job training. (Source: Unesco, 1979.)

BT in company trainingRT training leave

offi ce automation FD Information and communication (5)FR bureautiqueUF offi ce technologyBT computer applicationRT automation

clerical workclerical workercompany managementtelecommunication

offi ce clerk USE clerical worker

Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities FD European Union (15)FR Offi ce des publications offi cielles des

Communautés européennesUF OOPECBT agencies and other bodies

offi ce technology USE offi ce automation

offi ce work USE clerical work

offi ce worker USE clerical worker



older person 136 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

older person FD Population (13)FR personne âgéeUF elderlyBT age groupRT older worker

older worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur âgéUF ageing workerBT workerRT older person

Oman FD Countries and regions (14)FR OmanBT Gulf States

on the job training FD Training (1)FR formation sur le poste de travailSN Training carried in the individual’s work

setting, using the job as the medium for learning.

BT in company training

online catalogue USE catalogue

online learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage en ligneBT learning method

OOPEC USE Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the

European Communities

open employment USE competitive employment

open learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage ouvertUF fl exible learning

training fl exibilityBT learning methodRT individual training

open university

open university FD Education (2)FR université ouverteBT university

RT distance learningopen learning

opinion USE attitude

optical industry USE industry

optician USE paramedical personnel

oral expression USE basic education

organisation USE association

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development USE OECD

organisational change FD Enterprise (7)FR changement organisationnelUF business restructuring

management of changeorganisational development

BT company managementRT work organisation

organisational development USE organisational change

organisational learning USE learning organisation

OSHA USE European Agency for Safety Health at

Work

out of school education FD Education (2)FR éducation extrascolaireSN Covers institutions, programmes and

activities for out-of-school youth and extra-curricular activities for those in school.

BT education systemRT distance learning

outplacement FD Enterprise (7)FR aide au reclassement


European Training ThesaurusEN – 137 parqueting worker

SN Counselling and job placement services for workers, particularly managers, displaced by redundancy or workforce reductions.

BT personnel management

outsourcing USE subcontracting

Overijssel FD Countries and regions (14)FR OverijsselBT Netherlands

overseas student USE foreign student

overtime FD Enterprise (7)FR heures supplémentairesBT hours of work

painter and decorator USE construction worker

painting USE fi ne arts

Pakistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR PakistanBT South Asia

Palestine authority USE Autonomous Territories of Palestine

pamphlet FD Document type (17)FR brochureUF booklet

brochure

Panama FD Countries and regions (14)FR PanamaBT Central America

paper industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du papierUF pulp and paper industryBT woodworking industryRT paper maker

paper maker FD Occupations (8)FR papetierBT manufacturing workerRT paper industry

Paraguay FD Countries and regions (14)FR ParaguayBT South America

paramedical personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel paramédicalUF ambulance personnel

dieticianmedical auxiliarymidwifeopticianphysiotherapistradiographer

BT health workerNT nurse

parental attitude FD Society (12)FR attitude des parentsBT parental roleRT parents

parental role FD Society (12)FR rôle des parentsBT social roleNT parental attitudeRT parents

parents FD Society (12)FR parentsBT familyRT parental attitude

parental role

parliament FD Administration (11)FR parlementBT stateRT legislation

parqueting worker USE wood worker



part time course 138 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

part time course FD Training (1)FR cours à temps partielUF part time educationBT training course

part time education USE part time course

part time employment FD Enterprise (7)FR emploi à temps partielSN Employment on a regular and voluntary

basis for hours substantially shorter than the standard hours.

UF part time workBT hours of work

part time work USE part time employment

pedagogics USE sciences of education

pedagogy USE sciences of education

Peloponnese FD Countries and regions (14)FR PéloponnèseBT Greece

pension scheme FD Enterprise (7)FR système de retraiteBT working conditionsRT retirement

people at risk USE disadvantaged group

performance FD Learning (3)FR performanceUF achievementBT personal developmentNT effi ciency

failureperformance appraisalsuccess

RT competence productivity

performance appraisal FD Learning (3)

FR évaluation de la performanceBT performance

performing artist FD Occupations (8)FR artiste du spectacleUF actor

dancermusicianproducersinger

BT cultural sector employeeRT music

permanent vocational training USE continuing training

personal computer USE microcomputer

personal development FD Learning (3)FR développement personnelUF individual developmentNT aptitude

creativityintellectual developmentknow howknowledgematurityperformancepersonality

RT behaviour

personal income USE wage

personal service personnel USE services worker

personality FD Learning (3)FR personnalitéUF traitsBT personal developmentNT self esteemRT attitude

personnel FD Enterprise (7)FR personnelUF staffBT personnel management


European Training ThesaurusEN – 139 physical science worker

personnel assessment FD Enterprise (7)FR évaluation du personnelUF staff appraisal

staff assessmentBT personnel managementNT vocational assessment

work performanceRT evaluation

personnel committee USE works council

personnel management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion du personnelUF personnel policyBT human resources managementNT knowledge management

outplacementpersonnelpersonnel assessmentpersonnel regradingpersonnel supervisionpoachingrecruitmentreplacementsenioritystaff developmenttraining purchase

RT labour relationsmanpower

personnel mobility USE labour mobility

personnel policy USE personnel management

personnel regrading FD Enterprise (7)FR reclassement du personnelBT personnel management

personnel selection FD Enterprise (7)FR sélection du personnelBT recruitmentNT employment interviewRT job requirements

selection procedure

personnel shortage USE labour shortage

personnel supervision FD Enterprise (7)FR encadrement du personnelBT personnel management

personnel supply USE labour supply

Peru FD Countries and regions (14)FR PérouBT South America

petrochemical industry USE chemical industry

petroleum industry USE power industry

pharmaceutical industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie pharmaceutiqueBT chemical industry

Philippines FD Countries and regions (14)FR PhilippinesBT South East Asia

philosophy FD Sciences and technology (4)FR philosophieBT humanities

photographer USE cultural sector employee

photography USE audiovisual industry

physical environment USE environment

physical health FD Society (12)FR santé physiqueBT healthRT physically disabled person

physical science worker USE physicist



physically disabled person 140 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

physically disabled person FD Society (12)FR handicapé physiqueUF blind person

deaf persondumb personphysically handicapped

BT disabled personRT physical health


physically handicapped USE physically disabled person

physician USE medical practitioner

physicist FD Occupations (8)FR physicienUF physical science workerBT science worker

physics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR physiqueBT pure sciences

physiotherapist USE paramedical personnel

Picardy FD Countries and regions (14)FR PicardieBT France

Piedmont FD Countries and regions (14)FR PiémontBT Italy

pilot project FD Learning (3)FR projet piloteUF pilot study

training experimentRT educational development

pilot study USE pilot project

place of work FD Enterprise (7)FR lieu de travail

UF factoryBT work environmentRT sheltered employment

work at home

placement USE job placement

placement service USE employment service

planning FD Administration (11)FR planifi cationBT administrationNT local planning

regional planningRT economic planning

educational planningplanning of trainingpublic administration

planning of training FD Training (1)FR planifi cation de la formationSN Regulations and arrangements adopted

by governmental or other institutions responsible for training of manpower.

UF vocational training planningBT training policyRT educational planning

planningtraining reform

plant shutdown USE company closure

plasterer USE construction worker

plastic products maker FD Occupations (8)FR fabricant de matières plastiquesBT manufacturing workerRT plastics industry

plastics industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie des matières plastiquesBT chemical industryRT plastic products maker

plumber USE construction worker


European Training ThesaurusEN – 141 population decline

poaching FD Enterprise (7)FR débauchageSN Occurs when a worker trained by one

enterprise, which hoped to benefi t from the worker’s new acquired skills over a long period, is induced to work for another.

UF head huntingBT personnel management

Poitou-Charentes FD Countries and regions (14)FR Poitou-CharentesBT France

Poland FD Countries and regions (14)FR PologneBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

OECD countries

police FD Occupations (8)FR policierBT security services worker

political ideology USE politics

political party FD Administration (11)FR parti politiqueBT politics

political regime USE political system

political science FD Sciences and technology (4)FR science politiqueBT social sciences

political system FD Administration (11)FR régime politiqueUF political regimeBT politicsRT state

politics FD Administration (11)FR politiqueUF election

political ideologyNT political party

political system

pollution FD Economy (10)FR pollutionBT environment

Polynesia FD Countries and regions (14)FR PolynésieBT Oceania

polytechnic USE higher education institute

polytechnic education FD Education (2)FR enseignement polytechniqueBT non-university higher education

polyvalence FD Learning (3)FR polyvalenceSN The ability to carry out a variety of tasks in

a given fi eld. BT skillRT multi skill training

polyvalent training USE multi skill training

population FD Population (13)FR populationNT census

migrationpopulation distributionpopulation trends

RT demography

population decline FD Population (13)FR dépeuplementBT population trends



population distribution 142 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

population distribution FD Population (13)FR répartition de la populationUF rural population

urban populationBT populationNT age distribution

age groupsex distributionworking age population

RT migration

population growth USE population trends

population trends FD Population (13)FR tendances démographiquesSN Population trends are continuing, broadly

consistent changes in the level or rate of growth of population, in whole or in a part, in a given geographical area.

UF falling birthratemortalitypopulation growthrising birthrate

BT populationNT population decline

porter USE hotel personnel

Portugal FD Countries and regions (14)FR PortugalBT Southern EuropeNT Alentejo

AlgarveAzoresCentral PortugalLisbon and the Tagus ValleyMadeiraNorthern Portugal


positive discrimination FD Administration (11)FR discrimination positiveSN Actions undertaken to redress the

inequalities between groups. BT social policyRT discrimination

post compulsory education FD Education (2)FR enseignement postobligatoireBT level of educationRT post secondary education

upper secondary education

post secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement postsecondaireUF college of further educationBT level of educationNT higher educationRT post compulsory education


postgraduate study FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieur (3e cycle)BT university studies

pottery maker USE glass worker

poverty FD Society (12)FR pauvretéBT living conditionsRT socially disabled person

power industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie énergétiqueUF energy industry

gas industrynuclear industrypetroleum industry

BT industryNT electricity industry

practical examination FD Learning (3)FR épreuve pratiqueBT examination

practical skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence pratiqueBT skill

practical training FD Training (1)FR formation pratiqueUF workshop practiceBT type of training


European Training ThesaurusEN – 143 private sector

NT training placementRT work experience

pre primary education USE pre school education

pre school education FD Education (2)FR éducation préscolaireUF pre primary educationBT level of education

precarious employment USE temporary employment

precariousness USE marginalisation

precision instrument fi tter USE metalworker

press FD Information and communication (5)FR presseBT mass media

press release FD Document type (17)FR communiqué de presse

pressure group USE interest group

prevocational training USE vocational preparation

primary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement primaireUF elementary education

independent schoolBT level of educationRT primary school

primary school FD Education (2)FR école primaireUF elementary schoolBT schoolRT primary education

primary sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur primaireBT economic sector

RT agriculturefi shing industry

printer USE printing worker

printing industry FD Economic activities (9)FR imprimerieBT communications industryRT graphic arts

printing worker

printing worker FD Occupations (8)FR métiers de l’imprimerieUF electrotyper

printerBT manufacturing workerRT printing industry

prior learning USE non-formal learning

prisoner training FD Training (1)FR formation des détenusBT target groupRT delinquency

disadvantaged group

private education FD Education (2)FR enseignement privéUF private schoolBT educational administration

private employment service FD Labour (6)FR service d’emploi privéBT employment service

private fi nance FD Economy (10)FR fi nance privéBT fi nancial resourceRT private sector

private school USE private education

private sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur privéBT economic systemRT private fi nance



problem solving 144 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

problem solving FD Learning (3)FR résolution de problèmesBT training methodRT cognitive process

proceedings FD Document type (17)FR actes de conférenceSN Collection of papers at a conference and,

generally, a report of the discussions. UF conference report

training conference

producer USE performing artist

production FD Economy (10)FR productionBT economyRT computer aided manufacturing

enterprisefl exible manufacturing systemproduction management

production management FD Enterprise (7)FR gestion de la productionBT company managementRT production

productivity FD Economy (10)FR productivitéBT economyRT performance

professional association FD Administration (11)FR association professionnelleUF occupational organisationBT associationRT employers’ organisation

social partners

professional status USE occupational status

professional worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur professionnelBT worker

professionalisation USE professionalism

professionalism FD Labour (6)FR professionnalismeSN Use to mean the set of characteristics

exhibited by a profession. UF professionalisationBT vocational qualifi cation

professor USE higher education teacher

profi t FD Economy (10)FR profi tUF corporate incomeBT fi nancial management

programmed instruction FD Learning (3)FR enseignement programméSN A teaching method which allows the

student/trainee to work at his/her own pace through teaching and training material containing previously constructed sequences which lead him/her step by step to the desired goal through a specifi ed series of responses.

UF programmed learningBT training methodRT individual training

self directed learning

programmed learning USE programmed instruction

progress report USE report

progression FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR progressionBT research technique

project method FD Learning (3)FR travail sur projetBT training method

project report USE report


European Training ThesaurusEN – 145 public relations

prolongation of schooling USE prolonged schooling

prolonged schooling FD Education (2)FR prolongation de la scolaritéUF prolongation of schoolingBT educational policyRT duration of training

schooling

promotion FD Enterprise (7)FR promotionUF advancementBT career development

Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur FD Countries and regions (14)FR Provence Alpes Côte d’AzurBT France

psychologist FD Occupations (8)FR psychologueBT social sciences workerRT health worker

psychology

psychology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR psychologieBT humanitiesNT educational psychology

industrial psychologyRT psychologist

psychology at work USE industrial psychology

psychology of education USE educational psychology

psychology of learning USE educational psychology

public administration FD Administration (11)FR administration publiqueBT administrationNT civil service

public bodysocial service

RT central governmenteducational administration

labour administrationplanningpublic service

public body FD Administration (11)FR organisme publicUF state bodyBT public administrationRT mixed investment company

public enterprise

public education USE state education

public employment service FD Labour (6)FR service public de l’emploiBT employment service

public enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR entreprise publiqueBT type of enterpriseNT mixed investment companyRT public body

public servicestate participation

public expenditure FD Economy (10)FR dépense publiqueBT national budgetRT state aid

public fi nance FD Economy (10)FR fi nance publiqueSN The fi nances of the state, including fi scal

policy, taxation, etc. NT local fi nance

national budgetstate aidstate participationtax

RT fi nancial policystate

public health USE health service

public relations USE business service



public school 146 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

public school USE state education

public sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur publicBT economic system

public servant USE public service personnel

public service FD Economic activities (9)FR service publicUF sanitation serviceBT servicesRT civil service

public administrationpublic enterprise

public service personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel des services publicsUF administration worker

labour exchange offi cerpublic servant

BT occupationRT employment service

inspectorsecurity services worker

publishing FD Economic activities (9)FR éditionUF book industryBT communications industry

Puerto Rico FD Countries and regions (14)FR Porto RicoBT Greater Antilles

pulp and paper industry USE paper industry

pupil USE student

pure sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences puresNT chemistry

physics

Qatar FD Countries and regions (14)FR QatarBT Gulf States

qualifi cation FD Labour (6)FR qualifi cationSN The term qualifi cation covers different

aspects: formal qualifi cation: the formal outcome (certifi cate, diploma or title) of an assessment and validation process obtained when a competent body determines that an individual has achieved learning outcomes to given standards and/or possesses the necessary competence to do a job in a specifi c area of work. A qualifi cation confers offi cial recognition of the value of learning outcomes on the labour market and in education and training. A qualifi cation can be a legal entitlement to practise a trade (OECD); job requirements: the knowledge, aptitudes and skills required to perform specifi c tasks attached to a particular work position (ILO).

NT vocational qualifi cation

qualifi cational profi le USE occupational profi le

qualitative analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse qualitativeBT research method

quality assurance USE quality management

quality control USE quality management

quality management FD Administration (11)FR gestion de la qualitéSN The control and administration of the

resources, systems and activities which assure quality.

UF quality assurancequality controltotal quality management

BT managementRT quality of education

quality of training


European Training ThesaurusEN – 147 recognition of competences

quality of education FD Education (2)FR qualité de l’éducationUF educational quality

teaching qualityNT educational defi citRT education

quality managementquality of trainingsciences of educationteachingtransfer of learning

quality of life FD Society (12)FR qualité de la vieUF cost of livingBT socio economic conditionsRT living conditions

quality of working life

quality of training FD Training (1)FR qualité de la formationNT training effectiveness

training standardtraining wastage

RT quality managementquality of educationtraining evaluation

quality of working life FD Enterprise (7)FR qualité de la vie activeBT working lifeNT humanisation of work

job rotationjob satisfaction

RT quality of life

questioning FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR technique d’interrogationBT research techniqueNT questionnaire

questionnaire FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR questionnaireBT questioning

racial discrimination FD Society (12)FR discrimination racialeUF racismBT discriminationRT ethnic group

racial equality FD Administration (11)FR égalité des racesBT social policy

racial segregation USE segregation

racism USE racial discrimination

radio FD Information and communication (5)FR radioBT mass mediaRT recreation service

radiographer USE paramedical personnel

railway transport USE transport

railway worker USE transport services worker

reading USE literacy

receptionist USE hotel personnel

recognised occupation USE regulated occupation

recognition of competences USE recognition of learning outcomes



recognition of learning outcomes 148 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

recognition of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR reconnaissance des résultats

d’apprentissageUF recognition of competencesSN (a) Formal recognition: the process

of granting offi cial status to skills and competences either: through the award of qualifi cations (certifi cates, diploma or titles); or through the grant of equivalence, credit units or waivers, validation of gained skills and/or competences; and/or (b) social recognition: acknowledgement of the value of skills and/or competences by economic and social stakeholders. (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)

BT competence

recognition of certifi cates USE recognition of qualifi cation

recognition of diplomas USE recognition of qualifi cation

recognition of qualifi cations FD Learning (3)FR reconnaissance des qualifi cationsSN The recognition by one or more countries

or organisations of qualifi cations (certifi cates, diplomas or titles) awarded in (or by) one or more other countries or other organisations (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

UF correspondence of qualifi cationsrecognition of certifi catesrecognition of diplomas

BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT regulated occupation

transparency of qualifi cationsvocational qualifi cation

recreation USE leisure

recreation service FD Economic activities (9)FR service de loisirUF entertainment

leisure serviceBT servicesNT sport

tourismRT leisure

radiotelevision

recruitment FD Enterprise (7)FR recrutementUF workers’ inductionBT personnel managementNT personnel selectionRT access to employment

admission requirementsemployment servicejob placementselection procedurevocational assessment

recurrent education USE continuing education

recycling industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du recyclageBT industryRT environment worker

reduction of working hours FD Enterprise (7)FR réduction du temps de travailBT working time arrangement

redundancy FD Labour (6)FR licenciement économiqueBT termination of employmentRT company closure

unemployment

reengineering FD Enterprise (7)FR reconfi guration des processus de

l’entrepriseSN Reengineering is the process of

fundamentally changing the way work is performed in order to achieve radical performance improvements in speed, cost, quality, market share, and return on investment (Michael Hammer, James Champy).

BT company management

refreshing training USE upskilling

refugee FD Society (12)FR réfugiéBT migrantRT disadvantaged group


European Training ThesaurusEN – 149 regulation

Region of Murcia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région de MurcieBT Spain

regional and local authority FD Administration (11)FR collectivité territorialeBT governmentNT local authority

regional authority

regional authority FD Administration (11)FR collectivité régionaleBT regional and local authorityNT regional cooperation

regional policyRT regional planning

regional cooperation FD Administration (11)FR coopération régionaleBT regional authority

regional development FD Economy (10)FR développement régionalSN Use in connection with steps to improve

the material prosperity of a region of a country.

BT economic developmentNT rural developmentRT regional planning

regional employment USE regional labour market

regional labour market FD Labour (6)FR marché régional du travailUF regional employmentBT labour marketRT regional planning

regional unemployment

regional planning FD Administration (11)FR planifi cation régionaleBT planningNT developing area

rural areaurban area

RT regional authorityregional developmentregional labour market

regional policy FD Administration (11)FR politique régionaleUF regional training policyBT regional authorityRT local fi nance

regional training policy USE regional policy

regional unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage régionalBT unemploymentRT regional labour market

registered unemployed worker USE job seeker

registration FD Education (2)FR inscriptionUF enrolmentBT access to education

regulated occupation FD Labour (6)FR profession réglementéeSN The regulated professional activity or

range of activities which constitute this profession in an EU Member State.

UF recognised occupationBT employmentRT European Union

liberal professionoccupationrecognition of qualifi cations

regulation FD Administration (11)FR réglementationSN Use for legal texts not adopted by

Parliament. For legal texts adopted by Parliament use law.

UF circulardecree

BT legislation



religion 150 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

religion FD Society (12)FR religionUF churchBT society

remuneration USE wage

repair USE maintenance repair

replacement FD Enterprise (7)FR remplacementBT personnel management

report FD Document type (17)FR rapportSN Document stating the results of

the activities of an individual or an organisation.

UF interim reportprogress reportproject report

reporter USE journalism worker

Republic of Ireland USE Ireland

Republic of Moldova FD Countries and regions (14)FR République de MoldavieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

research FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR rechercheNT action research

empirical researchexperimental researchfundamental researchhistorical research

RT educational researchresearch methodresearch techniquesocial researchtraining research

research centre FD Economy (10)

FR centre de rechercheUF research instituteBT research policyRT Cedefop

research and development FD Economy (10)FR recherche et développementBT research policyNT innovation

research fi eld FD Economy (10)FR domaine de rechercheBT research policyRT educational research

social researchtraining research

research institute USE research centre

research method FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR méthode de rechercheNT case study

comparative analysiscost analysiscost benefi t analysismethodologyqualitative analysis

RT researchresearch technique

research policy FD Economy (10)FR politique de rechercheBT economic policyNT research centre

research and developmentresearch fi eldresearch programme

RT government policy

research programme FD Economy (10)FR programme de rechercheBT research policy

research technique FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR technique de rechercheNT experimentation

forecastinginterview


European Training ThesaurusEN – 151 right to work

measurementobservationprogressionquestioningsurvey

RT researchresearch methodtest

resource centre FD Training (1)FR centre de matériel didactiqueSN Centre which holds audio-visual or printed

training material and provides it for consultation or loan.

BT training centreRT training aid

training material

responsible body USE awarding body

restoration FD Economic activities (9)FR restauration des bâtimentsBT arts

retail trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce de détailBT commercial distribution

retirement FD Labour (6)FR retraiteBT termination of employmentNT early retirementRT pension scheme

retraining FD Training (1)FR formation de reconversionSN Training for the acquisition of skills and

knowledge for practicing an occupation other than the one for which the worker was originally trained; may require basic training plus specialisation.

BT type of trainingRT career change

return migration FD Population (13)FR migration de retourBT international migration

return to work FD Labour (6)FR réinsertion professionnelleSN Labour market re-entry after a long period

of absence due to child-bearing, child-rearing, military service, imprisonment, etc.

BT entry into working lifeRT career break

Reunion FD Countries and regions (14)FR La RéunionBT Southern Africa

review USE compilation

Rhineland Palatinate FD Countries and regions (14)FR Rhénanie-PalatinatBT Germany

Rhône-Alpes FD Countries and regions (14)FR Rhône-AlpesBT France

right to education FD Administration (11)FR droit à l’éducationBT human rightsRT access to education

access to information

right to information FD Administration (11)FR droit à l’informationUF disclosure of informationBT human rightsRT access to information

right to training FD Administration (11)FR droit à la formationBT human rightsRT access to training

right to work FD Administration (11)FR droit au travailBT human rightsRT access to employment



rights of the child 152 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

rights of the child USE children’s rights

Rioja FD Countries and regions (14)FR RiojaBT Spain

rising birthrate USE population trends

road transport FD Economic activities (9)FR transport routierBT transport

robot FD Sciences and technology (4)FR robotUF industrial robotBT robotics

robotics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR robotiqueBT mechanisationNT robotRT automation

computer applicationfl exible manufacturing system

Romania FD Countries and regions (14)FR RoumanieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

roof slater and tiler USE construction worker

rubber industry USE chemical industry

rural area FD Administration (11)FR zone ruraleBT regional planningRT rural development

rural development FD Economy (10)FR développement ruralBT regional developmentRT rural area

rural population USE population distribution

rural urban migration USE migration

rural youth FD Society (12)FR jeunesse ruraleBT youth

Russia FD Countries and regions (14)FR RussieBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

Rwanda FD Countries and regions (14)FR RwandaBT East Africa

Saarland FD Countries and regions (14)FR SarreBT Germany

safety at work USE occupational safety

safety education USE safety training

safety measure FD Enterprise (7)FR mesure de sécuritéBT occupational safety

safety training FD Training (1)FR formation à la sécuritéUF safety educationBT sectoral trainingRT occupational safety

sailor USE seafarer

salary USE wage

sales occupation USE commercial personnel


European Training ThesaurusEN – 153 school industry partnership

sales person FD Occupations (8)FR vendeurBT commercial personnel

sales promotion USE marketing

sales representative USE commercial personnel

sales worker USE commercial personnel

Salzburg FD Countries and regions (14)FR SalzbourgBT Austria

San Marino FD Countries and regions (14)FR Saint MarinBT Southern Europe

sandwich course USE alternating training

sanitation service USE public service

Sardinia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SardaigneBT Italy

satellite communication FD Information and communication (5)FR communication par satelliteUF communications satelliteBT telecommunicationRT distance learning

Saudi Arabia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Arabie SaouditeBT Gulf States

Saxony FD Countries and regions (14)FR SaxeBT Germany

Saxony Anhalt FD Countries and regions (14)FR Saxe-AnhaltBT Germany

Scandinavia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ScandinavieBT Northern EuropeNT Denmark

FinlandNorwaySweden

Schleswig Holstein FD Countries and regions (14)FR Schleswig-HolsteinBT Germany

scholarship USE student allowance

school FD Education (2)FR écoleBT educational institutionNT primary school

secondary schoolRT schooling

transition from school to workvocational school

school dropout USE educational dropout

school enterprise relationship FD Education (2)FR relation école entrepriseUF school industry links

school industry partnershipBT educational policyRT enterprise

social interactiontraining partnershipuniversity enterprise relationship

school guidance USE educational guidance

school industry links USE school enterprise relationship

school industry partnership USE school enterprise relationship



school leaving 154 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

school leaving FD Education (2)FR fi n de scolaritéBT schoolingRT completion of training

school leaving certifi cate USE A level

school subject USE curriculum subject

schooling FD Education (2)FR scolaritéBT educational administrationNT educational dropout

school leavingRT prolonged schooling

school

schooling rate FD Education (2)FR taux de scolarisationBT educational statistics

science park USE technology

science worker FD Occupations (8)FR métiers du secteur scientifi queUF astronomer

scientifi c personnelscientist

BT occupationNT biologist

chemistmathematicianphysicist

sciences of education FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences de l’éducationUF pedagogics

pedagogyNT didactics

educational theoryexperimental educationlearning theorytraining theory

RT educationeducationalistquality of educationteaching

scientifi c personnel USE science worker

scientist USE science worker

Scotland FD Countries and regions (14)FR ÉcosseBT United Kingdom

sea transport FD Economic activities (9)FR transport maritimeUF shippingBT transportRT docker

seafarershipbuilding

seafarer FD Occupations (8)FR marinUF sailorBT transport services workerRT sea transport

seamstress USE textile worker

seasonal unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage saisonnierBT unemployment

seasonal work USE seasonal worker

seasonal worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur saisonnierUF seasonal workBT temporary worker

second chance education USE second chance schools

second chance schools FD Education (2)FR école de la deuxième chanceUF second chance educationBT educational opportunity

second language USE foreign language skill


European Training ThesaurusEN – 155 self employed worker

secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement secondaireBT level of educationNT lower secondary education

upper secondary educationRT secondary school

secondary school FD Education (2)FR école secondaireBT schoolNT specialised secondary schoolRT secondary education

secondary sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur secondaireBT economic sectorRT industry

secondment FD Enterprise (7)FR détachementBT occupational mobility

secretarial training USE clerical training

secretary FD Occupations (8)FR secrétaireBT clerical worker

sectoral education USE sectoral training

sectoral training FD Training (1)FR formation par branchesSN Use with an economic activity (Field 9). UF sectoral education

technological trainingNT clerical training

computer trainingcraft trainingmanagement trainingsafety trainingsupervisory training

RT occupation

security personnel USE security services worker

security services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des services de sécuritéUF security personnelBT occupationNT military personnel

policeRT public service personnel

segregation FD Society (12)FR ségrégationUF racial segregationBT social integration

selection criteria FD Training (1)FR critère de sélectionBT selection procedure

selection procedure FD Training (1)FR procédure de sélectionBT access to trainingNT aptitude test

selection criteriaRT personnel selection

recruitment

self concept USE self esteem

self directed learning FD Learning (3)FR autoapprentissageSN Learning by oneself without the aid of an

instructor. UF independent learning

self instructionBT learning methodRT individual training

programmed instructionself evaluation

self employed worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur indépendantUF free lance worker

independent workerBT occupational statusRT self employment

worker



self employment 156 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

self employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi indépendantUF independent workBT conditions of employmentRT self employed worker

self esteem FD Learning (3)FR estime de soiUF self concept

self imageBT personality

self evaluation FD Learning (3)FR autoévaluationUF self monitoringBT intelligenceRT self directed learning

self image USE self esteem

self instruction USE self directed learning

self management FD Administration (11)FR autogestionBT managementRT cooperative

self monitoring USE self evaluation

semi skilled job USE semi skilled worker

semi skilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur semi qualifi éSN Workers who have undergone a period

of training which is shorter than a full apprenticeship for a trade or who have learned only a limited part of a trade.

UF semi skilled jobspecialised worker

BT level of qualifi cation

semi state body USE mixed investment company

Senegal FD Countries and regions (14)FR SénégalBT West Africa

seniority FD Enterprise (7)FR anciennetéBT personnel management

Serbia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SerbieBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

serial USE series

series FD Document type (17)FR collectionSN Series consisting of a group (sequence) of

publications related to one another by the fact that each, in addition to its own title, bears also a title applying to the group as a whole. Series usually have a ISSN.

UF serial

service mechanic USE electrician

service sector USE services

services FD Economic activities (9)FR servicesUF army

legal serviceservice sectorservices industry

NT business serviceclerical workcultural servicefi nancial servicehealth servicehotel industryinformation serviceinsurancemaintenance repairpublic servicerecreation service


European Training ThesaurusEN – 157 singer

social worktradetransportvoluntary service

RT economic developmentservices workertertiary sector

services industry USE services

services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des servicesUF caretaker

cleanerdomestic workerhousewifepersonal service personnel

BT occupationNT beautician

hairdresserhotel personneltourism personnel

RT services

setter of production machines USE mechanic

sex discrimination FD Society (12)FR discrimination sexuelleUF sexismBT discriminationRT equal opportunities

sex distribution FD Population (13)FR répartition par sexeBT population distributionNT man

woman

sexism USE sex discrimination

shadow economy USE informal sector

sheltered employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi protégéSN Use for employment opportunities for

handicapped persons where ordinary

competitive working conditions have been modifi ed.

BT conditions of employmentRT disabled worker

place of work

shipbuilding FD Economic activities (9)FR construction navaleBT machinery industryRT sea transport

shipping USE sea transport

shoemaker USE leather worker

short course FD Training (1)FR cours abrégéBT training courseRT intensive training

short term unemployment USE temporary employment

Sicily FD Countries and regions (14)FR SicileBT Italy

Sierra Leone FD Countries and regions (14)FR Sierra LeoneBT West Africa

silversmith FR chômage de courte durée

simulation training FD Learning (3)FR formation par simulationBT training methodRT educational game

Singapore FD Countries and regions (14)FR SingapourBT South East Asia

singer USE performing artist



skill 158 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

skill FD Learning (3)FR Savoir-faire professionnelSN The relevant knowledge and experience

needed to perform a specifi c task or job and/or the product of education, training and experience which, together with relevant know-how, is the characteristic of technical knowledge.

UF capabilitytechnical knowledge

BT competenceNT basic skill

foreign language skillkey competencesmanagerial skillpolyvalencepractical skillskill analysissocial skilltransferable skill

skill analysis FD Learning (3)FR analyse des qualifi cationsSN The systematic review of component

attitudes, aptitudes and practices of experienced workers within a particular job.

BT skillNT skill development

skill obsolescence

skill development FD Learning (3)FR développement des compétencesUF skill evolution

skill trainingBT skill analysisRT employability

key competencestransferable skill

skill evolution USE skill development

skill level USE level of qualifi cation

skill needs USE skill shortage

skill obsolescence FD Learning (3)FR obsolescence des compétences

SN Vocational skills no longer used or out-dated, usually due to technological change. Can usually be rectifi ed by retraining.

BT skill analysis

skill requirement USE job requirements

skill shortage FD Labour (6)FR pénurie de personnel qualifi éUF skill needsBT manpower needsRT competence

skill training USE skill development

skilled machinist USE mechanic

skilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur qualifi éBT level of qualifi cationRT highly skilled worker

Slovak Republic FD Countries and regions (14)FR République slovaqueBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

OECD countries

Slovenia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SlovénieBT Eastern EuropeRT EU countries

former Yugoslavia

small business USE small enterprise

small enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR petite entrepriseUF small businessBT small and medium enterprise

small and medium enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR petite et moyenne entrepriseSN According to Eurostat: 1-249 employees.


European Training ThesaurusEN – 159 social fund

UF SMEBT type of enterpriseNT medium enterprise

small enterprise

SME USE small and medium enterprise

social adjustment USE socialisation

social assimilation USE social integration

social assistance FD Administration (11)FR assistance socialeBT social serviceRT social work

social behaviour FD Society (12)FR comportement socialBT behaviourNT discrimination

interpersonal relationsmarginalisationsocial interactionsocial rolesocialisation

RT community participationsocial skill

social benefi ts USE social security

social change FD Society (12)FR changement socialBT societyNT modernisation

social effect

social class FD Society (12)FR classe socialeUF middle class

upper classBT social structureNT elite

working class

social competence USE social skill

social consequence USE social effect

social dialogue FD Enterprise (7)FR dialogue socialSN The content of what social partners

discuss with one another. BT labour relations

social discrimination FD Society (12)FR discrimination socialeBT discrimination

social economy FD Economy (10)FR économie socialeBT economic system

social effect FD Society (12)FR effet socialUF social consequence

social implicationBT social change

social environment FD Society (12)FR milieu socialBT societyNT culture

family environmentsocio economic conditions

social exclusion FD Society (12)FR exclusion socialeSN The conditions and process whereby an

individual, a group, groups or a part of a population are denied access to benefi ts or benefi cial circumstances.

UF exclusionBT social integrationRT disadvantaged group

social fund USE Community fund



social handicap 160 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

social handicap USE social inequality

social identity FD Society (12)FR identité socialeBT social integration

social implication USE social effect

social inclusion USE social integration

social inequality FD Society (12)FR inégalité socialeUF social handicapBT societyRT equal opportunities

socially disabled person

social insurance USE social security

social integration FD Society (12)FR intégration socialeUF social assimilation

social inclusionBT societyNT citizenship

cultural integrationmigrant integrationsegregationsocial exclusionsocial identity

social interaction FD Society (12)FR interaction socialeBT social behaviourRT school enterprise relationship

training employment relationshipuniversity enterprise relationship

social legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation socialeBT legislationRT society

social mobility FD Society (12)FR mobilité sociale

BT societyNT social promotionRT career change

freedom of movementgeographical mobilityoccupational mobilitysocial statusstudent mobility

social movement FD Society (12)FR mouvement socialSN Collective efforts to transform some given

areas of established social relations. BT society

social origin FD Society (12)FR origine socialeBT societyRT social structure

social partners FD Enterprise (7)FR partenaires sociauxSN Employers’ associations and trade unions

forming the two sides of (bipartite) social dialogue (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

BT labour relationsNT employer

employers’ organisationtrade union

RT professional association

social policy FD Administration (11)FR politique socialeBT government policyNT positive discrimination

racial equalitysocial research

RT discrimination

social problem FD Society (12)FR problème socialUF devianceBT societyNT addiction

delinquency

social promotion FD Society (12)FR promotion sociale


European Training ThesaurusEN – 161 social system

BT social mobilityRT working student

social research FD Administration (11)FR recherche socialeBT social policyRT research

research fi eld

social rights FD Administration (11)FR droits sociauxBT human rights

social role FD Society (12)FR rôle socialBT social behaviourNT parental roleRT social status

social sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences socialesBT humanitiesNT demography

economicslinguisticspolitical sciencesociology

RT social sciences worker

social sciences worker FD Occupations (8)FR profession des sciences socialesUF social scientistBT occupationNT psychologist

sociologistRT social sciences

social scientist USE social sciences worker

social security FD Administration (11)FR sécurité socialeUF national insurance

social benefi tssocial insurance

BT social serviceNT family allowance

unemployment benefi t

social service FD Administration (11)FR service socialBT public administrationNT child care facilities

social assistancesocial security

social services personnel USE social services worker

social services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des services sociauxUF social services personnel

welfare personnelBT occupationNT social worker

youth worker

social skill FD Learning (3)FR compétences socialesSN The skills that enable individuals to master

all the aspects of interactions with other persons and to take the appropriate (social) decision.

UF social competenceBT skillNT communication skillRT basic education

key competencessocial behaviour

social status FD Society (12)FR statut socialBT societyNT female statusRT social mobility

social rolesocial structure

social structure FD Society (12)FR structure socialeBT societyNT social classRT social origin

social status

social system USE society



social work 162 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

social work FD Economic activities (9)FR travail socialBT servicesRT social assistance

social worker

social worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur socialBT social services workerRT social work

socialisation FD Society (12)FR socialisationUF social adjustmentBT social behaviour

socially disabled person FD Society (12)FR personne en diffi culté socialSN The socially disabled person are those

who are socially excluded, whether because of poor education, poverty, or membership of certain minority groups.

BT disabled personRT illiteracy

povertysocial inequality

society FD Society (12)FR sociétéUF social systemNT information society

religionsocial changesocial environmentsocial inequalitysocial integrationsocial mobilitysocial movementsocial originsocial problemsocial statussocial structure

RT social legislation

socio economic conditions FD Society (12)FR conditions socioéconomiquesBT social environmentNT living conditions

quality of life

socio occupational category USE job classifi cation

sociocultural group FD Society (12)FR groupe socioculturelUF linguistic groupNT disabled person

disadvantaged groupethnic groupfamilyinterest groupmigrantminority groupyouth

RT target group

sociologist FD Occupations (8)FR sociologueBT social sciences workerRT sociology

sociology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sociologieBT social sciencesNT educational sociology

industrial sociologyRT sociologist

sociology at work USE industrial sociology

Socrates FD European Union (15)FR SocratesSN Socrates (1995-2006) is the European

programme for education. Socrates consists of eight actions.


software FD Information and communication (5)FR logicielBT informaticsRT computer network

training software

soldier USE military personnel


European Training ThesaurusEN – 163 Southern Africa

Somalia FD Countries and regions (14)FR SomalieBT East Africa

South Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique du SudBT Southern Africa

South America FD Countries and regions (14)FR Amérique du SudBT Latin AmericaNT Argentina

BoliviaBrazilChileColombiaEcuadorParaguayPeruSurinameUruguayVenezuela

South Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Asie du SudBT AsiaNT Bangladesh

BhutanIndiaMaldivesNepalPakistanSri Lanka

South East Asia FD Countries and regions (14)FR Asie du Sud-EstBT AsiaNT Brunei

CambodiaEast TimorIndonesiaLaosMalaysiaMyanmarPhilippinesSingaporeThailandVietnam

South East England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du Sud-EstBT England

South Holland FD Countries and regions (14)FR Hollande-MéridionaleBT Netherlands

South Korea FD Countries and regions (14)FR Corée du SudBT Far EastRT OECD countries

South West England FD Countries and regions (14)FR Angleterre du Sud-OuestBT England

Southern Aegean FD Countries and regions (14)FR Égée méridionaleBT Greece

Southern Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique méridionaleBT AfricaNT Angola

BotswanaLesothoMadagascarMalawiMauritiusMozambiqueNamibiaReunionSouth AfricaSwazilandZambiaZimbabwe



Southern Europe 164 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Southern Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe du SudUF Mediterranean countriesBT EuropeNT Andorra

CyprusGibraltarGreeceItalyMaltaMonacoPortugalSan MarinoSpainTurkeyVatican

Spain FD Countries and regions (14)FR EspagneBT Southern EuropeNT Andalusia

AragonAsturiasBalearic islandBasque countryCanary islandCantabriaCastille La ManchaCastille and LeonCataloniaCeutaCommunity of MadridCommunity of ValenciaExtremaduraGaliciaMelillaNavarreRegion of MurciaRioja


special education USE special needs education

special needs education FD Education (2)FR éducation répondant à des besoins

spéciauxUF special education

SN Educational activity and support designed to address specifi c needs of disabled children or children failing school for many other reasons known to impede optimal progress. (Source: adapted from Unesco, ISCED 1997.)

BT education systemRT mentally disabled person

physically disabled person

special issue USE journal issue

specialised secondary school FD Education (2)FR lycée professionnelSN Two-year continuation school to

supplement lower secondary education for admission to study at a specialised college with university status.

BT secondary school

specialised worker USE semi skilled worker

specialist training FD Training (1)FR formation de spécialisteSN Advanced level training to deepen

knowledge of a particular task, function or aspect of a worker’s occupation.

BT type of training

speech FD Document type (17)FR discours

sponsorship USE fi nancial resource

sport FD Economic activities (9)FR sportBT recreation service

Sri Lanka FD Countries and regions (14)FR Sri LankaBT South Asia

staff USE personnel

staff appraisal USE personnel assessment


European Training ThesaurusEN – 165 strike

staff assessment USE personnel assessment

staff development FD Enterprise (7)FR développement du personnelBT personnel management

staff mobility USE labour mobility

staff safety USE occupational safety

staff shortage USE labour shortage

staff supply USE labour supply

staff training FD Training (1)FR formation du personnelBT target groupRT human resources management

in company trainingin service training

standard FD Document type (17)FR normeSN Technical specifi cation or other document

available to the public, drawn up with the cooperation and consensus or general approval of all interests affected by it based on the consolidated results of science, technology and experience, aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefi ts and approved by a body recognised on the national, regional or international level.

standard of living USE living conditions

state FD Administration (11)FR ÉtatNT government

parliamentRT constitution

political systempublic fi nancestate aidstate participation

state aid FD Economy (10)FR aide de l’ÉtatBT public fi nanceRT public expenditure

state

state body USE public body

state education FD Education (2)FR enseignement publicUF public education

public schoolBT educational administration

state participation FD Economy (10)FR participation de l’ÉtatBT public fi nanceRT public enterprise

state

statistical analysis FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR analyse statistique

statistician FR statisticien

statistics FD Sciences and technology (4)FR statistiquesBT mathematicsRT census

educational statisticslabour statisticsmathematiciantraining statistics

statutory education USE compulsory education

steel industry USE iron industry

stonemason and cutter USE construction worker

strike FD Enterprise (7)FR grèveBT labour relations



structural unemployment 166 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

structural unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage structurelSN Unemployment caused by changes in the

structure of the economy resulting from such factors as technological change or relocation of industry, or by changes in the composition of the labour force.

BT unemployment

student FD Education (2)FR étudiantUF pupilBT student populationNT foreign student

higher education graduateundergraduate studentworking student

RT student exchangetraineetrainees’ attitude

student allowance FD Training (1)FR bourse d’étudeUF educational grant

scholarshipBT fi nancing of educationRT training allowance

student exchange FD Administration (11)FR échange d’étudiantsBT international exchangeRT international cooperation

studentstudy tourtraining abroad

student mobility FD Education (2)FR mobilité des étudiantsBT educational administrationRT freedom of movement

geographical mobilitysocial mobility

student organisation FD Administration (11)FR organisation étudianteBT youth organisation

student population FD Education (2)

FR population scolaire universitaireNT studentRT youth

students’ attitude USE trainees’ attitude

study abroad USE training abroad

study duration USE duration of studies

study method USE learning method

study tour FD Learning (3)FR voyage d’étudesUF educational tour

study visittraining tour

BT training methodRT international exchange

student exchangetraining abroad

study visit USE study tour

Styria FD Countries and regions (14)FR StyrieBT Austria

subcontracting FD Enterprise (7)FR sous traitanceUF outsourcing

subcontractorBT enterprise

subcontractor USE subcontracting

subsidy FD Economy (10)FR subventionUF fi nancial supportBT fi nancial resource


European Training ThesaurusEN – 167 Tanzania

success FD Learning (3)FR réussiteBT performance

Sudan FD Countries and regions (14)FR SoudanBT East Africa

sugar industry USE food industry

supervisor FD Labour (6)FR agent de maîtriseUF foremanBT occupational statusRT supervisory training

supervisory training FD Training (1)FR formation de contremaîtresSN Training in the functions and techniques

of supervising the work of others (in work organisation, job instruction, human relations, quality control, etc.).

BT sectoral trainingRT supervisor

supplementary training USE continuing training

Suriname FD Countries and regions (14)FR SurinameBT South America

survey FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR enquêteBT research technique

sustainable development FD Economy (10)FR développement durableBT economic policyNT environment

Swaziland FD Countries and regions (14)FR SwazilandBT Southern Africa

Sweden FD Countries and regions (14)FR SuèdeBT ScandinaviaRT EU countries

OECD countries

Switzerland FD Countries and regions (14)FR SuisseBT Western EuropeRT EFTA

OECD countries

Syria FD Countries and regions (14)FR SyrieBT Mashreq

systems analyst USE computing personnel

systems designer USE computing personnel

tailor USE textile worker

Taiwan FD Countries and regions (14)FR TaiwanBT Far East

Tajikistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR TadjikistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR

tanning industry USE leather industry

Tanzania FD Countries and regions (14)FR TanzanieBT East Africa



target group 168 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

target group FD Training (1)FR groupe cibleUF client group

target groups of educationNT adult training

migrant trainingprisoner trainingstaff trainingteacher trainingtraining of trainersyouth training

RT disadvantaged groupgroup learninglearningsociocultural groupteaching

target groups of education USE target group

tariff agreement USE collective agreement

task analysis USE job analysis

tax FD Economy (10)FR impôtBT public fi nanceRT training levy

teacher FD Occupations (8)FR enseignantBT teaching personnelNT headteacher

higher education teacherRT teacher exchange

teacher trainingvocational teacher

teacher education USE teacher training

teacher exchange FD Administration (11)FR échange d’enseignantsBT international exchangeRT international cooperation

teacher

teacher role FD Society (12)

FR rôle de l’enseignantBT behaviour

teacher training FD Training (1)FR formation des enseignantsUF teacher education

training of teachersBT target groupRT college of education

teachertraining centretraining of trainers

teacher training college USE college of education

teaching FD Learning (3)FR enseignementNT mentoringRT curriculum subject

educationeducational technologyquality of educationsciences of educationtarget groupteaching personneltraining aid

teaching aid USE training aid

teaching material USE training material

teaching method USE training method

teaching objective USE educational objective

teaching personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel enseignantBT education workerNT examiner

teacherRT teaching

teaching profession USE education worker

teaching quality USE quality of education


European Training ThesaurusEN – 169 telecommunication

teaching subject USE curriculum subject

teaching technique USE training method

team work FD Enterprise (7)FR travail en équipeSN Work undertaken in groups where each

worker’s duties depend on those of other members of the group.

UF group managementBT work organisationRT group learning

technical assistance FD Administration (11)FR assistance techniqueBT development aid

technical education USE vocational education

technical knowledge USE skill

technical occupation USE technician

technical personnel USE technician

technical school USE vocational school

technical training FD Training (1)FR formation techniqueSN Theoretical and practical training for

technicians (in the industrial sector) to augment basic acquired knowledge.

BT type of trainingRT technician

technician FD Labour (6)FR technicienSN With more technical knowledge than

a skilled worker, but with less than an engineer.

UF technical occupationtechnical personnel

BT occupational status

RT technical trainingtechnology

technological change FD Sciences and technology (4)FR changement technologiqueBT technologyRT innovation

modernisation

technological sciences FD Sciences and technology (4)FR sciences technologiquesNT engineering

ergonomicsRT information technology

technological training USE sectoral training

technology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR technologieUF science park

technology parkNT advanced technology

automationbiotechnologyeducational technologymechanisationnew technologiestechnological changetechnology transfer

RT information technologytechnician

technology park USE technology

technology transfer FD Sciences and technology (4)FR transfert de technologieBT technologyRT innovation

telecommunication FD Information and communication (5)FR télécommunicationBT communication mediumNT computer network

satellite communicationRT email

offi ce automationtelematics



telecommunications fi tter 170 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

telecommunications fi tter USE electrician

telecommunications industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie des télécommunicationsBT communications industry

telematics FD Information and communication (5)FR télématiqueBT computer applicationRT telecommunication

telephonist USE clerical worker

television FD Information and communication (5)FR télévisionBT mass mediaRT educational television

recreation service

teleworking FD Enterprise (7)FR télétravailSN Work at a distance (including work at

home) employing telecommunication and/or computer facilities.

BT work organisationRT information society

work at home

temporary employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi temporaireUF precarious employment

short term unemploymenttemporary work

BT conditions of employmentRT temporary worker

temporary unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage temporaireSN Where individuals are temporarily without

work, or are between jobs. UF frictional unemploymentBT unemployment

temporary work USE temporary employment

temporary worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur temporaireBT workerNT casual worker

seasonal workerRT temporary employment

Tempus FD European Union (15)FR TempusSN Tempus programme (1990-…) is a trans-

European cooperation scheme for higher education. It’s objective is to facilitate the restructuring of the higher education sector in Central and Eastern European countries through inter-university cooperation, exchanges between students and teaching staff and industry-university cooperation between these countries and the countries of the Community.


terminal USE computer

termination of employment FD Labour (6)FR cessation d’emploiUF dismissal

job terminationBT conditions of employmentNT job loss

redundancyretirement

terminology FD Sciences and technology (4)FR terminologieBT linguistics

tertiary sector FD Economy (10)FR secteur tertiaireBT economic sectorRT services

test FD Learning (3)FR testBT examinationRT aptitude test

research technique


European Training ThesaurusEN – 171 toy industry

textbook USE learning material

textile industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie textileBT industryNT clothing industryRT textile worker

textile worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du textileUF cutter

embroidererknitterseamstresstailorweaver

BT manufacturing workerRT clothing industry

textile industry

Thailand FD Countries and regions (14)FR ThaïlandeBT South East Asia

theatre FD Economic activities (9)FR théâtreBT arts

theory of education USE educational theory

thesaurus FD Document type (17)FR thésaurusSN Vocabulary of a controlled indexing

language, formally organized so that the a priori relationships between concepts (for example as “broader” and “narrower”) are made explicit” (ISO standard 5964).

thesis FD Document type (17)FR thèseSN Document reporting the author’s research

and fi ndings and submitted by him in support of his candidature for a degree or professional qualifi cation.

UF dissertation

Thessaly FD Countries and regions (14)FR ThessalieBT Greece

Thuringia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ThuringeBT Germany

time study USE work study

tobacco industry USE industry

Togo FD Countries and regions (14)FR TogoBT West Africa

toolmaker USE metalworker

total quality management USE quality management

tour guide USE travel guide

tourism FD Economic activities (9)FR tourismeUF tourist service

travel agencyBT recreation serviceRT tourism personnel

tourism personnel FD Occupations (8)FR profession du tourismeUF travel personnelBT services workerNT travel agency employee

travel guideRT tourism

tourist service USE tourism

town planning USE urban planning

toy industry USE industry



trade 172 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerceUF commerceBT servicesNT commercial distribution

international tradeRT chamber of commerce

commercial personnelinternational economy

trade certifi cate USE certifi cate

trade policy FD Economy (10)FR politique du commerce internationalBT economic policyRT international trade

trade union FD Enterprise (7)FR syndicatUF employees’ association

labour unionBT social partnersNT trade union roleRT trade union training

workers’ participation

trade union role FD Enterprise (7)FR rôle syndicalBT trade union

trade union training FD Training (1)FR formation syndicaleBT type of trainingRT trade union

trades’ training USE craft training

trainee FD Training (1)FR stagiaireSN Use to mean person undergoing training

or education with an occupational basis. NT apprentice

graduate traineetrainee participationtrainee selection

RT studenttrainees’ attitude

trainertrainer trainee relationshiptraining specifi cation

trainee assessment USE assessment of learning outcomes

trainee participation FD Training (1)FR participation des stagiairesBT trainee

trainee record USE assessment of learning outcomes

trainee selection FD Training (1)FR sélection du stagiaireBT trainee

trainees’ attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude des stagiairesUF attitude toward school

students’ attitudeBT work attitudeRT student

trainee

trainer FD Occupations (8)FR formateurBT training personnelRT trainee

trainer trainee relationshiptrainers’ attitudetraining of trainers

trainer trainee ratio USE training statistics

trainer trainee relationship FD Learning (3)FR relation formateur stagiaireBT transfer of learningRT trainee

trainer

trainers’ attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude des formateursBT work attitudeRT trainer


European Training ThesaurusEN – 173 training convention

training abroad FD Training (1)FR formation à l’étrangerUF study abroadBT type of trainingRT choice of studies

student exchangestudy tour

training administration FD Administration (11)FR administration de la formationSN Covers the implementation of and

responsibility for training policies at the national, regional or local level. See also “training management”.

BT administrationNT training statistics

training agreement USE training employment contract

training aid FD Learning (3)FR matériel didactiqueUF educational aid

learning aidteaching aid

NT audiovisual aideducational gamemultimedia systemtraining materialtraining software

RT computerdidacticsmass mediaresource centreteaching

training allowance FD Training (1)FR indemnité de formationSN Financial assistance which enables an

individual to meet all or part of the cost of training.

UF individual learning accounttraining funds

BT fi nancing of trainingRT student allowance

training and teaching personnel USE education worker

training assessment USE training evaluation

training assistance FD Training (1)FR assistance en matière de formationBT training managementRT development aid

export of training

training audit USE training evaluation

training bay USE training workshop

training benefi t USE training evaluation

training budget FD Training (1)FR budget de formationUF education budgetBT economics of educationRT budget

training centre FD Training (1)FR centre de formationUF learning site

learning venueBT training institutionNT resource centre

training workshopvocational rehabilitation centrevocational school

RT college of educationeducational institutionteacher training

training concept USE training research

training conference USE proceedings

training consultant FD Occupations (8)FR consultant en formationBT training personnel

training contracting USE training employment contract

training convention USE training employment contract



training coordination 174 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

training coordination USE training management

training cost USE cost of training

training course FD Training (1)FR cours de formationBT training managementNT evening class

full time coursepart time courseshort course

RT curriculumtraining credittype of training

training credit FD Learning (3)FR unité capitalisableUF credit system

credit uniteducational creditlearning credit

BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT modular training

training course

training demand USE training needs

training description USE training specifi cation

training development FD Training (1)FR développement de la formationBT training policyNT training innovation

training director USE training manager

training dropout FD Training (1)FR abandon de la formationSN Withdrawal from a training programme

before completion. (Source: adapted from the international encyclopaedia of education.)

BT training wastageRT course attendance

educational dropout

training duration USE duration of training

training effectiveness FD Training (1)FR effi cacité de la formationBT quality of training

training employment contract FD Labour (6)FR contrat emploi formationUF training agreement

training contractingtraining convention

BT labour contractRT employment policy

training legislation

training employment relationship FD Labour (6)FR relation emploi formationUF employment training relationshipBT transition from school to workRT social interaction

training market

training equipment FD Learning (3)FR équipement pédagogiqueSN Use to mean educational hardware. BT training material

training establishment USE training institution

training evaluation FD Training (1)FR évaluation de la formationUF educational assessment

evaluation of teachingtraining assessmenttraining audittraining benefi t

BT training managementNT training validationRT quality of training

training researchtraining standard

training expenditure USE cost of training


European Training ThesaurusEN – 175 training levy

training experiment USE pilot project

training fee FD Training (1)FR frais de formationUF education feesBT fi nancing of training

training fl exibility USE open learning

training function FD Training (1)FR fonction de formationBT training managementRT training needs

training objectivetraining personnel

training funds USE training allowance

training indicator USE training statistics

training information FD Training (1)FR information sur la formationBT training policyRT educational guidance

guidance offi cerguidance serviceinformationvocational counsellorvocational guidance

training initiative FD Training (1)FR action de formationBT training policyNT local training initiative

training innovation FD Training (1)FR innovation en formationBT training developmentRT educational innovation

innovation

training institution FD Training (1)FR institution de formationSN Used to designate a governmental or

private body responsible for training matters at the national, regional or sectoral level. Cf. training centre.

UF extra company training institutiontraining establishmenttraining organisation

NT training centreRT educational institution

training investment USE cost of training

training leave FD Enterprise (7)FR congé de formationUF day release

educational leavematernity leave

BT working conditionsRT off the job training

training legislation FD Administration (11)FR législation de la formationBT legislationRT training employment contract

training policytraining reform

training level FD Training (1)FR niveau de formationBT training systemRT level of education

level of qualifi cation

training levy FD Training (1)FR taxe de formationSN Levy imposed on employers with a view to

fi nancing training activities. BT fi nancing of trainingRT tax



training management 176 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

training management FD Training (1)FR gestion de la formationSN Organisation and administration of training

in enterprises, institutions and training centres. In fi eld 11 (Administration), the descriptor “training administration” covers the implementation of and the responsibility for training policies at national, regional or local level.

UF training coordinationNT accreditation of training

accreditation of education and training providerscourse attendanceduration of trainingtraining assistancetraining coursetraining evaluationtraining functiontraining objectivetraining partnershiptraining plantraining programmetraining specifi cationvocational rehabilitation

RT training manager

training manager FD Occupations (8)FR responsable de la formationUF training directorBT training personnelRT training management

training market FD Training (1)FR marché de la formationSN The market where training services are

exchanged between those who provide them and those who require them.

BT economics of educationNT training supplyRT employment monitoring system

training employment relationshiptraining needs

training marketing FD Training (1)FR marketing de la formationUF training promoterBT economics of education

training material FD Learning (3)

FR matériel de formationUF educational material

teaching materialtraining media

BT training aidNT training equipmentRT resource centre

training media USE training material

training method FD Learning (3)FR méthode pédagogiqueUF teaching method

teaching techniqueNT audiovisual method

computer based learningdistance learningproblem solvingprogrammed instructionproject methodsimulation trainingstudy tour

RT educational technologylearning methodvocational training

training needs FD Training (1)FR besoins de formationUF training demandBT economics of educationNT training needs analysisRT educational needs

employment monitoring systemlabour markettraining functiontraining market

training needs analysis FD Training (1)FR analyse des besoins de formationBT training needsRT training research

training network USE training partnership

training objective FD Training (1)FR objectif de formationUF training role

training target


European Training ThesaurusEN – 177 training profi le

BT training managementRT educational objective

training functiontraining specifi cationtraining theory

training of teachers USE teacher training

training of trainers FD Training (1)FR formation de formateursBT target groupRT teacher training

trainer

training opportunity USE training supply

training organisation USE training institution

training outcome USE economics of education

training participation rate FD Administration (11)FR taux de participation à la formationSN The proportion or percentage of persons

who participate in or benefi t from a training course.

UF education participation rateBT training statistics

training partnership FD Training (1)FR partenariat de la formationUF training networkBT training managementRT joint venture

school enterprise relationshiptraining policy coordinationuniversity enterprise relationship

training passport FD Learning (3)FR passeport de formationBT certifi cation of learning outcomes

training personnel FD Occupations (8)FR personnel de formationUF instructor

training staffBT education worker

NT trainertraining consultanttraining managertraining tutorvocational counsellorvocational teacher

RT training function

training placement FD Training (1)FR stage en entrepriseBT practical trainingRT university enterprise relationship

training plan FD Training (1)FR plan de formationSN Set of training programmes accepted

by the employer according to business objectives.

BT training management

training policy FD Training (1)FR politique de formationSN Combination of decisions, objectives and

guidance emanating from an offi cial body to fi x the goals and priorities for training.

UF training strategyNT access to training

planning of trainingtraining developmenttraining informationtraining initiativetraining policy coordinationtraining reform

RT educational policygovernment policytraining legislation

training policy coordination FD Training (1)FR coordination de la politique de formationSN Measures designed to harmonise training

activities and practice; within a country, between ministries, regions or local authorities.

BT training policyRT training partnership

training profi le USE training specifi cation



training programme 178 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

training programme FD Training (1)FR programme de formationSN Training activities defi ned in terms of

objectives, target population, contents and results.

BT training managementNT course designRT curriculum

training promoter USE training marketing

training provider USE training supply

training purchase FD Enterprise (7)FR achat de formationBT personnel management

training reform FD Training (1)FR réforme de la formationBT training policyRT educational reform

planning of trainingtraining legislation

training research FD Training (1)FR recherche sur la formationUF training conceptBT vocational trainingRT educational research

researchresearch fi eldtraining evaluationtraining needs analysistraining theory

training role USE training objective

training software FD Learning (3)FR didacticielUF authoring system

coursewareeducational software

BT training aidRT computer based learning

software

training specifi cation FD Training (1)FR profi l de formationUF training description

training profi leBT training managementRT curriculum

occupational profi letraineetraining objective

training staff USE training personnel

training standard FD Training (1)FR norme de formationBT quality of trainingRT training evaluation

training statistics FD Administration (11)FR statistiques de la formationUF trainer trainee ratio

training indicatorBT training administrationNT number of trainees

training participation rateRT educational statistics

statistics

training strategy USE training policy

training supply FD Training (1)FR offre de formationUF training opportunity

training providerBT training market

training system FD Training (1)FR système de formationNT alternating training

in company trainingin service trainingintercompany trainingmodular trainingtraining level

RT education system

training target USE training objective


European Training ThesaurusEN – 179 transnational corporation

training theory FD Sciences and technology (4)FR théorie de la formationBT sciences of educationRT educational theory

training objectivetraining research

training tour USE study tour

training tutor FD Occupations (8)FR tuteur de formationBT training personnel

training type USE type of training

training validation FD Training (1)FR validation de la formationSN A series of tests and assessments

designed to ascertain whether a training programme has achieved the behavioural objectives specifi ed.

BT training evaluation

training wastage FD Training (1)FR gaspillage de la formationUF educational wastageBT quality of trainingNT training dropout

training workshop FD Training (1)FR atelier de formationSN Area reserved for provision of practical

training and specially staffed and equipped for this purpose (e. g. training offi ce, training pilot, training kitchen, etc.).

UF training bayBT training centre

traits USE personality

transfer of learning FD Learning (3)FR transfert pédagogiqueUF knowledge transferBT learningNT trainer trainee relationship

RT key competencesquality of educationtransferable skill

transferable skill FD Learning (3)FR compétence transférableSN The skills individuals have which are

relevant to jobs and occupations other than the ones they currently have or have recently had.

UF transversal competencesBT skillRT skill development

transfer of learning

transition from school to work FD Labour (6)FR passage à la vie activeSN After full-time education, people follow

a variety of routes before they fi nd employment or set themselves up as self-employed. The change from full-time education to regular work is the transition from school to work.

NT training employment relationshipRT entry into working life

guidance serviceindustryschoolvocational guidance

translation FD Information and communication (5)FR traductionUF automated translation

interpretationmachine translation

BT multilingualismRT information personnel

Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union FD European Union (15)FR Centre de traduction des organes de

l’Union européenneUF CdTBT agencies and other bodies

translator USE information personnel

transnational corporation USE multinational enterprise



transparency of qualifi cations 180 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

transparency of qualifi cations FD Learning (3)FR transparence des qualifi cationsSN The degree of visibility and legibility of

qualifi cations, their content and value on the (sectoral, regional, national or international) labour market and in education and training systems. (Source: Cedefop, 2003 and 2006.)

BT certifi cation of learning outcomesRT comparability of qualifi cations

occupational mobilityrecognition of qualifi cations

transport FD Economic activities (9)FR transportUF air transport

inland water transportland transportrailway transporttransportationurban transport

BT servicesNT road transport

sea transportRT air transport personnel

aircraft industryautomobile industrytransport services worker

transport services worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des services de transportUF boatman

bus workerrailway workertransport worker

BT occupationNT air transport personnel

dockerdriverseafarer

RT transport

transport worker USE transport services worker

transportation USE transport

transversal competences USE transferable skill

travel agency USE tourism

travel agency employee FD Occupations (8)FR employé d’agence de voyagesBT tourism personnel

travel guide FD Occupations (8)FR guide touristiqueUF tour guideBT tourism personnel

travel personnel USE tourism personnel

Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe USE European Treaty

Treaty of Maastricht USE European Treaty

Treaty of Rome USE European Treaty

trend FD Auxiliary terms (18)FR tendanceBT forecasting

Trentino Alto Adige FD Countries and regions (14)FR Trentin-Haut-AdigeBT Italy

Tunisia FD Countries and regions (14)FR TunisieBT Maghreb

Turkey FD Countries and regions (14)FR TurquieBT Southern EuropeRT OECD countries

Turkmenistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR TurkménistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR

Tuscany FD Countries and regions (14)


European Training ThesaurusEN – 181 unemployed youth

FR ToscaneBT Italy

type of enterprise FD Enterprise (7)FR type d’entrepriseBT enterpriseNT cooperative

large enterprisemultinational enterprisepublic enterprisesmall and medium enterprise

RT association

type of training FD Training (1)FR type de formationUF training typeNT basic training

continuing trainingindividual traininginduction traininginitial trainingintensive trainingmulti skill trainingpractical trainingretrainingspecialist trainingtechnical trainingtrade union trainingtraining abroadupskilling

RT training coursevocational training

typist USE clerical worker

Tyrol FD Countries and regions (14)FR TyrolBT Austria

Uganda FD Countries and regions (14)FR OugandaBT East Africa

Ukraine FD Countries and regions (14)FR UkraineBT Eastern EuropeRT former USSR

Ulster FD Countries and regions (14)FR UlsterBT Ireland

Umbria FD Countries and regions (14)FR OmbrieBT Italy

underemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage partielSN Use in connection with the reduction

of working hours of all workers in an enterprise of which the output has had to be reduced temporarily, or with the economic situation of a country which is not suffi ciently developed to permit full employment of available manpower.

BT unemployment

undergraduate USE undergraduate student

undergraduate student FD Education (2)FR étudiant du premier cycleUF undergraduateBT student

undergraduate study FD Education (2)FR enseignement supérieur (1er et 2e cycles)BT university studies

underground economy USE informal sector

underqualifi ed worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur sous qualifi éBT worker

unemployed worker FD Labour (6)FR chômeurBT workerNT job seekerRT long term unemployment

unemploymentunemployment duration

unemployed youth USE youth unemployment



unemployment 182 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômageNT disguised unemployment

female unemploymentgraduate unemploymentmigrant unemploymentregional unemploymentseasonal unemploymentstructural unemploymenttemporary unemploymentunderemploymentunemployment durationyouth unemployment

RT job losslabour marketredundancyunemployed workerunemployment benefi t

unemployment benefi t FD Administration (11)FR indemnité de chômageUF unemployment insuranceBT social securityRT unemployment

unemployment duration FD Labour (6)FR durée du chômageBT unemploymentNT long term unemploymentRT unemployed worker

unemployment insurance USE unemployment benefi t

unemployment of women USE female unemployment

Unesco FD International organisations (16)FR UnescoSN United Nations Educational, Scientifi c and

Cultural Organisation BT United NationsRT education

unfi lled vacancy USE job vacancy

United Arab Emirates FD Countries and regions (14)FR Émirats arabes unisBT Gulf States

United Kingdom FD Countries and regions (14)FR Royaume-UniBT Western EuropeNT England

Northern IrelandScotlandWales

RT British West IndiesEU countriesGibraltarOECD countries

United Nations FD International organisations (16)FR Nations uniesBT international organisationNT ILO

Unesco

United States FD Countries and regions (14)FR États-UnisBT North AmericaRT OECD countries

university FD Education (2)FR universitéUF international universityBT educational institutionNT open universityRT higher education

university enterprise relationshipuniversity studies

university degree USE academic degree

university enterprise relationship FD Education (2)FR relation université entrepriseUF higher education school enterprise

relationshipBT educational policyRT enterprise

in company trainingschool enterprise relationshipsocial interactiontraining partnershiptraining placementuniversity

university entrance classifi cation USE certifi cate


European Training ThesaurusEN – 183 Utrecht

university guidance USE educational guidance

university studies FD Education (2)FR études universitairesBT higher educationNT postgraduate study

undergraduate studyRT academic degree

higher education graduateuniversity

university teacher USE higher education teacher

unqualifi ed young people FD Labour (6)FR jeunes sans qualifi cationBT manpowerRT young worker

unskilled worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleur non qualifi éUF labourerBT level of qualifi cation

updating training USE upskilling

upskilling FD Training (1)FR perfectionnement professionnelSN Short-term targeted training typically

provided following initial education or training, and aimed at supplementing, improving or updating knowledge, skills and/or competences acquired during previous training (Source: Cedefop, 2003.)

UF adaptation trainingadjustment trainingappreciation trainingextension trainingrefreshing trainingupdating training

BT type of training

Upper Austria FD Countries and regions (14)FR Haute-AutricheBT Austria

upper class USE social class

Upper Normandy FD Countries and regions (14)FR Haute-NormandieBT France

upper secondary education FD Education (2)FR enseignement secondaire (2e cycle)BT secondary educationRT post compulsory education

post secondary education

urban area FD Administration (11)FR zone urbaineBT regional planningRT urban planning

urban planning FD Administration (11)FR aménagement urbainUF city planning

town planningBT local planningNT housingRT architect

landscape gardenerurban area

urban population USE population distribution

urban transport USE transport

urban youth FD Society (12)FR jeunesse urbaineBT youth

Uruguay FD Countries and regions (14)FR UruguayBT South America

user friendliness USE computer

USSR USE former USSR

Utrecht FD Countries and regions (14)FR UtrechtBT Netherlands



Uzbekistan 184 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

Uzbekistan FD Countries and regions (14)FR OuzbékistanBT Central AsiaRT former USSR

validation of competences USE certifi cation of learning outcomes

validation of learning outcomes FD Learning (3)FR validation des résultats d’apprentissageSN Confi rmation by a competent body that

learning outcomes (knowledge, know-how, skills and/or competences) acquired by an individual in a formal, non-formal or informal setting have been assessed against predefi ned criteria and are compliant with the requirements of a validation standard. Validation typically leads to certifi cation. (Source: Cedefop, 2006.)

UF accreditation of prior learning

validation of non-formal learningBT certifi cation of learning outcomes

validation of non-formal learning USE validation of learning outcomes

Valle d’Aosta FD Countries and regions (14)FR Val d’AosteBT Italy

valuing learning FD Learning (3)FR valorisation de l’apprentissageSN The process of promoting participation in

and outcomes of learning, in order to raise awareness of its intrinsic worth and to reward learning.

UF learning outcomevalorisation of learning

valorisation of trainingBT learning

valorisation of learning USE valuing learning

valorisation of training USE valuing learning

Vatican FD Countries and regions (14)FR VaticanBT Southern Europe

Veneto FD Countries and regions (14)FR VénétieBT Italy

Venezuela FD Countries and regions (14)FR VenezuelaBT South America

veterinarian USE veterinary worker

veterinary medicine USE medicine

veterinary worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur des sciences vétérinairesUF veterinarianBT occupationRT agriculture worker

health worker

video FD Learning (3)FR vidéoBT audiovisual aid

Vienna FD Countries and regions (14)FR VienneBT Austria

Vietnam FD Countries and regions (14)FR Viêt NamBT South East Asia

visual learning FD Learning (3)FR apprentissage visuelBT learning method

viticulture USE agriculture

vocational aspiration FD Enterprise (7)FR aspiration professionnelle


European Training ThesaurusEN – 185 vocational qualifi cation

UF career aspirationoccupational aspiration

BT career development

vocational assessment FD Enterprise (7)FR évaluation professionnelleSN Measurement of a person’s ability to

function in an occupation or profession. BT personnel assessmentRT non-formal learning

recruitmentvocational qualifi cation

vocational change USE career change

vocational choice USE career choice

vocational counselling FD Training (1)FR conseil d’orientationSN Constitutes a part of vocational guidance

and consists in assistance to individuals in developing a career or vocational plan to be periodically reviewed and revised on the basis of new information goals and progress made.

BT vocational guidanceRT vocational counsellor

vocational counsellor FD Occupations (8)FR conseiller professionnelBT training personnelRT guidance offi cer

training informationvocational counselling

vocational education FD Education (2)FR enseignement professionnelUF technical educationBT education systemRT content of education

vocational schoolvocational training

vocational guidance FD Training (1)FR orientation professionnelleUF career guidance

careers education

occupational guidancevocational orientation

NT career choiceguidance servicevocational counsellingvocational information

RT career developmenteducational guidanceentry into working lifeguidance offi certraining informationtransition from school to work

vocational guidance council USE guidance service

vocational information FD Training (1)FR information professionnelleUF career information

occupational informationBT vocational guidanceRT information

vocational language skill USE foreign language skill

vocational orientation USE vocational guidance

vocational preparation FD Training (1)FR préparation professionnelleUF prevocational trainingBT initial training

vocational qualifi cation FD Labour (6)FR qualifi cation professionnelleSN This term should be used in a general

sense and not in the limited sense that one can attribute to it in the context of the United Kingdom.

UF occupational qualifi cationBT qualifi cationNT deskilling

work experiencejob requirementslevel of qualifi cationoccupational profi leprofessionalism

RT certifi catecompetencerecognition of qualifi cationsvocational assessment



vocational rehabilitation 186 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

vocational rehabilitation FD Training (1)FR réadaptation professionnelleSN Use only for reintegration of disabled. UF employment rehabilitation

occupational rehabilitationBT training managementRT continuing training

disabled persondisabled worker

vocational rehabilitation centre FD Training (1)FR centre de réadaptationBT training centre

vocational requirements USE job requirements

vocational school FD Training (1)FR école professionnelleSN The functions and objectives of the

technical and the vocational schools tend to overlap; the terms are often used synonymously from one national education system to another. Use this descriptor with an economic activity found in Field 9.

UF technical schoolBT training centreRT school

vocational education

vocational teacher FD Occupations (8)FR professeur d’école professionnelleBT training personnelRT teacher

vocational training FD Training (1)FR formation professionnelleSN Activities which essentially aim at

providing the skills, knowledge and attitude required for employment in a particular occupation or group of related occupations in any fi eld of economic activity. Use only for reference books.

NT training researchRT apprenticeship contract

training methodtype of trainingvocational education

vocational training planning USE planning of training

Vojvodina FD Countries and regions (14)FR VoïvodineBT Eastern EuropeRT former Yugoslavia

voluntary agency USE voluntary organisation

voluntary organisation FD Administration (11)FR association bénévoleUF voluntary agencyBT associationRT voluntary service

voluntary service FD Economic activities (9)FR bénévolatBT servicesRT voluntary organisation

Vorarlberg FD Countries and regions (14)FR VorarlbergBT Austria

vulnerable group USE disadvantaged group

wage FD Enterprise (7)FR salaireUF basic wage

effi ciency wagepersonal incomeremunerationsalarywage differential

BT working conditionsNT equal payRT incomes policy

wage differential USE wage

wage earner USE employee

waiter USE hotel personnel


European Training ThesaurusEN – 187 woman

Wales FD Countries and regions (14)FR Pays de GallesBT United Kingdom

Walloon region FD Countries and regions (14)FR Région WallonneBT Belgium

wealth FD Society (12)FR richesseBT living conditions

weaver USE textile worker

webmaster USE computing personnel

website FD Document type (17)FR site webRT Internet

welder FD Occupations (8)FR soudeurBT metalworker

welfare personnel USE social services worker

West Africa FD Countries and regions (14)FR Afrique de l’OuestBT AfricaNT Benin

Burkina FasoCape VerdeGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea BissauIvory CoastLiberiaMaliMauritaniaNigerNigeriaSenegalSierra LeoneTogoWestern Sahara

West Midlands FD Countries and regions (14)FR Midlands de l’OuestBT England

Western Europe FD Countries and regions (14)FR Europe de l’OuestBT EuropeNT Austria

BelgiumChannel islandFranceGermanyIrelandIsle of ManLiechtensteinLuxembourgNetherlandsSwitzerlandUnited Kingdom

Western Greece FD Countries and regions (14)FR Grèce occidentaleBT Greece

Western Sahara FD Countries and regions (14)FR Sahara occidentalBT West Africa

white paper FD Document type (17)FR livre blancSN White Papers are documents containing

proposals for National or Community action and policy in a specifi c area.

wholesale trade FD Economic activities (9)FR commerce de grosBT commercial distribution

woman FD Population (13)FR femmeUF femaleBT sex distributionRT female employment

female statusfemale unemploymentwomen’s rights



woman worker 188 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

woman worker USE female employment

women’s rights FD Administration (11)FR droits de la femmeBT human rightsRT female status

woman

women’s status USE female status

women’s work USE female employment

wood worker FD Occupations (8)FR travailleur du boisUF cabinet maker

carpenterjoinerparqueting worker

BT manufacturing workerRT woodworking industry

woodworking industry FD Economic activities (9)FR industrie du boisBT industryNT furniture industry

paper industryRT forestry

wood worker

work at home FD Enterprise (7)FR travail à domicileSN Remunerated work performed at home. UF homeworkingBT work organisationRT place of work

teleworking

work attitude FD Enterprise (7)FR attitude envers le travailBT company managementNT absenteeism

employees’ attitudefl exibilitymanagement attitudetrainees’ attitudetrainers’ attitude

RT creativitymotivationworker

work based training FD Training (1)FR formation basée sur le travailSN Learning taking place through carrying

out and refl ecting on work tasks in a real environment (although it can take place in some respects in a simulated one).

BT in company training

work environment FD Enterprise (7)FR milieu de travailUF occupational environmentBT working lifeNT place of workRT ergonomics

labourlabour relations

work experience FD Labour (6)FR expérience professionnelleSN Experience gained by an individual in a

working environment. UF career profi le

employment experiencejob experience

BT vocational qualifi cationRT employment

practical trainingalternating training

work organisation FD Enterprise (7)FR organisation du travailNT job content

job descriptionjob sharingteam workteleworkingwork at homework studyworking time arrangement

RT automationorganisational change

work performance FD Enterprise (7)FR rendement du travailUF job performanceBT personnel assessment


European Training ThesaurusEN – 189 working document

work permit FD Labour (6)FR permis de travailBT employment policyRT migrant

work place nursery USE child care facilities

work programme FD Document type (17)FR programme de travailUF action plan

work study FD Enterprise (7)FR analyse du travailSN Detailed examination of the manner in

which a particular job is performed, with a view to rationalising performance and thus increasing productivity.

UF time studyBT work organisation

worker FD Labour (6)FR travailleurBT occupational statusNT disabled worker

manual workermigrant workerolder workerprofessional workertemporary workerunderqualifi ed workerunemployed workeryoung worker

RT employeelabourlabour contractlevel of qualifi cationmanpowerself employed workerwork attitudeworking student

worker adaptation USE fl exibility

workers’ education USE continuing education

workers’ induction USE recruitment

workers’ participation FD Enterprise (7)FR participation des travailleursUF employees’ participation

industrial democracyBT labour relationsNT workers’ representationRT trade union

workers’ representation FD Enterprise (7)FR représentation des travailleursSN Use in connection with the function of

representing the interests of, or speaking for, the workers of a given enterprise.

BT workers’ participationNT works council

workforce USE manpower

working age population FD Population (13)FR population en âge de travaillerBT population distribution

working class FD Society (12)FR classe ouvrièreUF lower classBT social class

working conditions FD Enterprise (7)FR conditions de travailSN The physical, social and managerial

factors affecting a worker’s job environment.

NT leisureoccupational diseaseoccupational safetypension schemetraining leavewageworking life

RT conditions of employmentergonomicshumanisation of work

working document USE working paper



working life 190 – ENMain alphabetical presentation with semantic relations

working life FD Enterprise (7)FR vie activeBT working conditionsNT quality of working life

work environmentRT entry into working life

labour

working paper FD Document type (17)FR document de travailUF discussion paper

working document

working student FD Education (2)FR étudiant travailleurBT studentRT social promotion

worker

working time USE hours of work

working time arrangement FD Enterprise (7)FR aménagement du temps de travailBT work organisationNT hours of work

reduction of working hours

works council FD Enterprise (7)FR comité d’entrepriseUF personnel committeeBT workers’ representation

workshop practice USE practical training

World Bank FD International organisations (16)FR Banque mondialeUF International Bank for Reconstruction and

DevelopmentBT international organisationRT development aid

world wide web USE Internet

writing USE literacy

yearbook FD Document type (17)FR annuaire

Yemen FD Countries and regions (14)FR YémenBT Middle East

Yorkshire and Humberside FD Countries and regions (14)FR Yorkshire et HumbersideBT England

young man USE young person

young person FD Population (13)FR jeuneUF young man

young womanBT age groupRT young worker

youth

young woman USE young person

young worker FD Labour (6)FR jeune travailleurBT workerRT unqualifi ed young people

young personyouth

youth FD Society (12)FR jeunesseBT sociocultural groupNT rural youth

urban youthRT adolescent

juvenile delinquencystudent populationyoung personyoung workeryouth employmentyouth policyyouth trainingyouth unemployment


European Training ThesaurusEN – 191 zoology

youth aid FD Administration (11)FR aide aux jeunesBT youth policy

youth employment FD Labour (6)FR emploi des jeunesBT employmentRT youth

youth organisation FD Administration (11)FR organisation de jeunesseBT associationNT student organisation

youth policy FD Administration (11)FR politique de la jeunesseBT government policyNT youth aid

youth protectionRT youth

Youth programme FD European Union (15)FR programme JeunesseSN Youth programme (2000-…) offers young

people opportunities for mobility and active participation in the construction of the Europe and contributes to the development of youth policy, based on non-formal education. It aims to promote exchanges and discussion meetings between young people, voluntary work, participation and active citizenship.


youth protection FD Administration (11)FR protection des jeunesBT youth policyRT youth worker

youth training FD Training (1)FR formation des jeunesBT target groupRT youth

youth unemployment FD Labour (6)FR chômage des jeunesUF unemployed youthBT unemploymentRT youth

youth worker FD Occupations (8)FR éducateur socialBT social services workerRT youth protection

Zambia FD Countries and regions (14)FR ZambieBT Southern Africa

Zeeland FD Countries and regions (14)FR ZélandeBT Netherlands

Zimbabwe FD Countries and regions (14)FR ZimbabweBT Southern Africa

zoology USE biology



Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context)

A level

ability

study abroad

training abroad

Abruzzi

absenteeism

academic degree

accelerated course

accelerated training

access to education

access to employment


access to labour market

access to training

accident prevention

occupational accident

account

individual learning account

accountant

accreditation of prior learning

accreditation of education and training providers

accreditation of training

accreditation of training institutions

accreditation of training organisations

acculturation

achievement

act

action plan

action research

economically active population

Community activity

actor

Adapt

adaptability

adaptation training

worker adaptation

addiction

drug addiction

narcotic addiction

Trentino Alto Adige

adjustment training

social adjustment

administration

business administration

business administration training

educational administration

labour administration

local administration


training administration

administration management

administration worker

administrative and fi nancial personnel

administrative law



Alphabetical permutated KWIC index (Keyword In Context) 194 – EN

administrative sciences

administrative sector

administrative structure

European Administrative School

educational admission

admission requirement

admission to training

adolescent

adult

adult education

adult illiteracy

adult innumeracy

adult learning

adult training

adult vocational training

advanced technology

advancement

advertiser

advertising

Northern Aegean

Southern Aegean

aerospace industry

Afghanistan

Africa

Central Africa

East Africa

North Africa

South Africa

Southern Africa

West Africa

Central African Republic

fi ght against unemployment

age distribution

age group

information age

age distribution

age group

working age population

ageing worker

agencies and other bodies

European Agency for Safety Health at Work

travel agency

travel agency employee

voluntary agency

collective agreement

EC agreement

international agreement

tariff agreement

training agreement

agricultural policy

agricultural worker

agriculture

agriculture worker

audiovisual aid

capital aid

development aid

economic aid

educational aid

fi nancial aid

learning aid

state aid

teaching aid

training aid

youth aid

computer aided design

computer aided manufacturing

educational aim

air traffi c controller

air transport

air transport personnel

aircraft industry

aircraft pilot

Albania

alcoholism

Alentejo

Algarve

Algeria

family allowance

student allowance

training allowance

Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur

Rhône Alpes

Alsace

alternance training

alternating training

Trentino Alto Adige

ambulance personnel

America

Central America

Latin America

North America

South America

Amsterdam Treaty

comparative analysis

cost analysis

cost benefi t analysis

job analysis

labour market analysis

qualitative analysis

skill analysis


task analysis

training needs analysis

systems analyst

Andalusia

Andorra

East Anglia

Angola



Saxony Anhalt

annual report

Greater Antilles

Lesser Antilles

Netherlands Antilles

job applicant

computer application

job application

applied learning

applied sciences

attainment appraisal

performance appraisal

staff appraisal

appreciation training

apprentice

apprenticeship


aptitude

aptitude test

Apulia

Aquitaine

United Arab Emirates

Saudi Arabia

Aragon

archaeology

architect

architecture

archives

archivist

Champagne Ardenne

developing area

development area

disadvantaged area

European Economic Area

rural area

urban area

Argentina

armament industry

Armenia

army

working time arrangement

journal article

artifi cial intelligence

artisan

artist

performing artist

arts

fi ne arts

folk arts

graphic arts

Asia

Central Asia

South Asia

South East Asia

legal aspect

career aspiration

occupational aspiration

vocational aspiration

assessment

competence assessment

educational assessment

personnel assessment

staff assessment

trainee assessment

training assessment

vocational assessment

assessment of competences

assessment of learning outcomes

social assimilation

social assistance

technical assistance

training assistance

computer assisted design

computer assisted instruction

computer assisted learning

association

employees’ association

European Free Trade Association

professional association

quality assurance

astronomer

Asturias

atlas

attainment testing

course attendance

fl ight attendant

Attica

attitude

employees’ attitude

employers’ attitude

management attitude

parental attitude

students’ attitude

trainees’ attitude

trainers’ attitude

work attitude

attitude toward school

atypical worker

audiovisual aid

audiovisual industry

audiovisual instruction

audiovisual method

training audit

auditor

EC Court of Auditors

European Court of Auditors

Australia

Austria




Lower Austria

Upper Austria

authoring system

local authority

Palestine authority

regional and local authority

regional authority

automated translation

automation

offi ce automation

automobile industry

Autonomous Territories of Palestine

Auvergne

medical auxiliary

awarding body

Azerbaijan

Azores

European baccalaureate

cultural background

educational background

social background

bacteriologist

Baden Württemberg

Bahamas

Bahrain

baker

Balearic island

Baltic States

Bangladesh

European Central Bank

European Investment Bank

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development

World Bank

banking

banking personnel

barber

collective bargaining

language barrier

computer based learning

knowledge based system

work based training

basic education

basic skill

basic training

basic wage

Basilicata

Basque country

Bavaria

training bay

beautician

behaviour

social behaviour

Belarus

Belgium

child benefi t


training benefi t


social benefi ts

Benin

Berlin

best practice

beverage industry

beverage worker

Bhutan

bibliography

bilingualism

bioengineering

biologist

biology

biotechnology

falling birthrate

rising birthrate

Guinea Bissau

black economy

blind person

blue collar worker

management board

boatman


Translation Centre for Bodies of the European Union

awarding body

public body

responsible body

semi state body

state body

Bolivia

book industry

book keeping

booklet

Bosnia Herzegovina

botanist

botany

Botswana

North Brabant

Brandenburg

Brazil

career break

mid career break

Bremen

mason bricklayer

British West Indies

Brittany

brochure

Brunei

Brussels Capital Region

budget

Community budget



education budget

national budget

training budget

building industry

educational building

Bulgaria

Burgenland

Burgundy

Burkina Faso

Burundi

bus worker

small business

business administration


business communication

business creation

business economics

business education

business engineer

business ethics

business failure

business games

business language course

business management

business restructuring

business service

business studies

business worker

butcher

buyer

learning by doing

learning by using

cabinet maker

CAD

Calabria

Nord-Pas-de Calais

CAM

Cambodia

Cameroon

Campania

Canada

Canary island

canning industry

Cantabria

capability

Cape Verde


capital

capital aid

capital resource

human capital

car industry

child care facilities

day care

medical care

career

mid career break

career aspiration

career break

career change

career choice

career development

career guidance

career information

career management

career opportunity

career planning

career profi le

career prospects

career record

careers education

careers service

caretaker

Caribbean island

Carinthia

carpenter

case law

case study

Castille La Mancha

Castille and Leon

casual worker

catalogue

library catalogue

online catalogue

Catalonia

socio occupational category

catering industry

catering personnel

CdT

Cedefop

cement industry

census


Central Africa


Central America

Central Asia

central government

Central Greece

Central Portugal

centralisation

Centre

documentation centre

European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training

guidance centre

information centre

job centre

research centre




resource centre

training centre


vocational rehabilitation centre

ceramics industry

ceramics worker

certifi cate

college entrance certifi cate

school leaving certifi cate

trade certifi cate

certifi cate of competence

equivalence of certifi cates

recognition of certifi cates

certifi cation of competences

certifi cation of learning outcomes

comparability of certifi cations

Ceuta

Chad

chamber of commerce

chamber of industry and commerce

Champagne Ardenne

second chance education

second chance schools

career change

management of change

occupational change

organisational change

social change

technological change

vocational change

Channel island

Poitou Charentes

chat

chemical industry

chemist

chemistry

child

gifted child

migrant’s child

rights of the child

child benefi t


child minding service

Chile

China

career choice

occupational choice

vocational choice

choice of studies

choice of training

church

cinema

circular

citizenship

city government

city planning

civil engineering

civil liberty

civil rights

civil servant

civil service

clandestine employment

clandestine work

evening class

lower class

middle class

social class

upper class

working class

job classifi cation

occupational classifi cation

university entrance classifi cation

cleaner

clerical personnel

clerical training

clerical work

clerical worker

offi ce clerk

client group

company closure

clothing industry

coal miner

labour code

cognition

cognitive process

blue collar worker

collective agreement

collective bargaining

teacher training college

college degree


college of education

college of further education

college of technology

Colombia

commentary

commerce

chamber of commerce


electronic commerce

commercial distribution

commercial personnel

EC Commission

European Commission

European Economic and Social Committee

personnel committee

Committee of the Regions

communication



business communication


satellite communication

communication medium

communication skill

communications industry

communications satellite

Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities

enlargement of the Community

Flemish Community

French Community

German speaking Community

local community

Community activity

Community budget

Community decision

community development

Community directive

Community external relations

Community fi nance

Community funds

Community institutions

Community law

Community legislation

Community of Madrid

Community of Valencia

Community opinion

community participation

Community policy

Community programme

Community recommendation

Community regulation

Community resolution

company

company closure

extra company training institution

in company training

learning company

mixed investment company

company fi nancing

company management

comparability of certifi cations

comparability of qualifi cations

comparative analysis

comparative education

comparative research

comparative study

comparison of qualifi cations

competence

certifi cate of competence

managerial competence

social competence

competence assessment

assessment of competences

certifi cation of competences

identifi cation of competences

key competences

recognition of competences

transversal competences

validation of competences

competition

economic competition

competitive employment

competitive enterprise

competitiveness

competitivity

compilation

completion of training

post compulsory education

compulsory education

compulsory subject

computer

didactic use of computer

personal computer



computer application






computer graphics

computer industry

computer literacy

computer network

computer operator

computer personnel

computer programmer

computer science

computer scientist

computer training

computing personnel

Franche Comté

self concept

training concept

economic condition

employment condition

European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions

living conditions

socio economic conditions

working conditions

conditions of employment

confectioner

training conference

conference paper

conference report




Congo

Congo Democratic Republic

Connacht

social consequence

environmental conservation

nature conservation

constitution

Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe

European construction


construction worker

consultant

management consultant

training consultant

consumer education

job content

content of education

continued training


continuing training

continuing vocational training

continuous professional development


labour contract

training employment contract

contract of employment

training contracting

fi nancial control

quality control

control instruments mechanic


training convention

cook

crossborder cooperation

international cooperation

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development

regional cooperation

cooperative

training coordination

training policy coordination

core skill

corporate income

transnational corporation

correspondence course

correspondence of qualifi cations

Corsica

Ivory Cost

training cost

cost analysis


cost effectiveness

cost of education

cost of living

cost of training

Costa Rica


Council of Europe

Council of the European Union

EC Council

vocational guidance council

works council

educational counselling


vocational counselling

vocational counsellor

developed countries

developing countries

EC countries

EU countries

Mediterranean countries

OECD countries

Basque country

host country

immigration country

country of origin

accelerated course


correspondence course

foreign language course

full time course

part time course

sandwich course

short course

training course

course attendance

course design

course subject

courseware

court

Court of Justice


EC Court of Justice


craft

craft training

craftsman

business creation

employment creation

enterprise creation

job creation

creative thinking

creativity

educational credit

learning credit

training credit

credit system

credit unit

Crete



crime

economic crisis

evaluation criteria

selection criteria

Croatia

crossborder cooperation

Cuba

cultural background

cultural identity

cultural integration

cultural policy

cultural rights

cultural sector employee

cultural service

culture

enterprise culture

curriculum

curriculum design

curriculum development

curriculum reform

curriculum research

curriculum subject

curriculum vitae

cutter

stonemason and cutter

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Leonardo da Vinci

dairy industry

dance

dancer

Valle d’Aosta

data management

data processing

data processing industry

data typist

databanks

database

day care

day release


deaf person

decentralisation

Community decision

EC decision

population decline

painter and decorator

decree

educational defi cit

academic degree

college degree

university degree

delinquency

juvenile delinquency

labour demand

training demand

demand for education

industrial democracy


German Democratic Republic

demography

Denmark

dentist

government department

French Overseas Departments

job description

training description



course design

curriculum design

job design

systems designer

deskilling

developed countries

developing area

developing countries

career development

community development


curriculum development


educational development


human resources development

individual development

industrial development

intellectual development


mental development


organisational development

personal development

regional development

research and development

rural development

skill development

staff development

sustainable development

training development

development aid

development area

development of education

deviance

social dialogue

dictionary





didactics

dietician

wage differential

learning diffi culty

European dimension

diploma

recognition of diplomas


Community directive

EC Directive

training director

directory

learning disability

mentally disabled person



disabled person

disabled worker

educational disadvantage

disadvantaged area

disadvantaged group

disclosure of information

discrimination

positive discrimination

racial discrimination

sex discrimination

social discrimination

discussion group

discussion list

discussion paper

occupational disease

disguised unemployment

job dislocation

dismissal

displacement

information dissemination

dissertation

distance education

distance learning

distance study

distance training

age distribution

commercial distribution

population distribution

sex distribution

distributive trade

Djibouti

docker

medical doctor

legal document

working document

documentalist

documentary dossier

documentary network

documentation

documentation centre

learning by doing

domestic worker

documentary dossier

downgrading

draft

drawing

Drenthe

dressmaking

driver

educational dropout

school dropout

training dropout

drug addiction

dual jobholding

dual labour market

dual qualifi cation

dual system

dumb person

study duration

training duration

unemployment duration

duration of studies


early retirement

early school leaver

wage earner

Far East

Middle East

South East Asia

South East England

East Africa

East Anglia

East Midlands

East Timor

Eastern Europe

EC agreement

ECB

EC Commission

EC Council

EC countries


EC Court of Justice

EC decision

EC directive

EC institution

EC integration

EC internal market

EC law

EC policy

EC programme

EC recommendation

EC regulation



ecology





economic aid

economic competition

economic condition

economic crisis


economic growth

economic legislation

economic planning

economic policy

economic recession

economic resource

economic sector

economic situation

economic statistics

economic system


economics

business economics

economics of education

economics of training

economist

economy

black economy

international economy

local economy

mixed economy

shadow economy

social economy

underground economy

Ecuador

education

access to education


adult education

basic education

business education

careers education

college of education


comparative education

compulsory education

consumer education

content of education


cost of education

demand for education

development of education

distance education

economics of education

elementary education

entrepreneurial education

environmental education

experimental education

fi nancing of education

formal education

fundamental education

general education

health education

higher education

higher education graduate

higher education institute

higher education school enterprise relationship

higher education teacher

higher non-university education

level of education

lower secondary education

management education

migrant education

ministry of education

non-formal education

non-university higher education

out of school education

part time education

polytechnic education



pre primary education

pre school education

primary education

private education

psychology of education

public education

quality of education

recurrent education

right to education

safety education

sciences of education


secondary education

sectoral education

special education


state education

statutory education

target groups of education

teacher education

technical education

theory of education



workers’ education

education budget

education fees




education participation rate

education system

education worker

educational administration

educational admission

educational aid

educational aim

educational assessment

educational background

educational building

educational counselling

educational credit

educational defi cit

educational development

educational disadvantage

educational dropout

educational establishment

educational expenditure

educational facility

educational game

educational grant

educational guidance

educational innovation

educational institution

educational leave

educational legislation

educational level

educational loan

educational management

educational material

educational measurement

educational needs

educational objective

educational opportunity

educational orientation

educational philosophy

educational planning

educational policy

educational psychology

educational quality

educational reform

educational research

educational resource

educational sociology

educational software

educational statistics

educational supply

educational system

educational technology

educational television

educational testing

educational theory

educational tour

educational wastage

educationalist

social effect

effectiveness

cost effectiveness

training effectiveness

effi ciency

effi ciency wage

eforum

EFTA

Egypt

EIB

ejournal

El Salvador

elderly

eLearning

eLearning material

election

electrical engineering

electrical fi tter

electrical industry

electrician

electricity industry

electromechanical industry

electronic commerce

electronics

electronics industry

electrotyper

elementary education

elementary school

elite

email

embroiderer

emigrant

emigration

Emilia Romagna


empirical research

employability

employed persons

self employed worker

employee



employee profi le

employees’ association

employees’ attitude

employees’ participation

employer

employers’ attitude

employers’ organisation

employers’ participation

employers’ role

employment

access to employment



clandestine employment

competitive employment

conditions of employment

contract of employment

female employment

full employment

full time employment

graduate employment

initial employment

migrant employment

multiple employment

open employment

part time employment

precarious employment

private employment service

public employment service

regional employment

self employment

sheltered employment

short term employment

temporary employment

termination of employment


training employment relationship

youth employment

employment condition

employment creation

employment experience

employment interview

employment law

employment monitoring system

employment opportunity

employment pattern

employment planning

employment policy

Employment programme

employment promotion

employment protection

employment rehabilitation

employment security

employment service

employment shortage

employment situation

employment statistics

employment status

employment structure

employment survey

employment training relationship

encyclopedia

energy industry

engineer

business engineer

engineering

civil engineering


electrical engineering


engineering worker

England

North West England

Northern England

South East England

South West England

job enlargement

job enrichment

enlargement of the Community

enrolment

enterprise

competitive enterprise


international enterprise

large enterprise

learning enterprise

medium enterprise

multinational enterprise

public enterprise

school enterprise relationship

small enterprise

small medium enterprise

type of enterprise

university enterprise relationship

enterprise creation

enterprise culture

entertainment



entrance examination

entrepreneur

entrepreneurial education

entrepreneurial training

entrepreneurship

entry into working life

environment

family environment

learning environment

multicultural environment

natural environment

occupational environment

physical environment

social environment

work environment

environment personnel

environment worker

environmental conservation

environmental education

environmental policy

environmental protection

environmental training




EP

Epirus

EPSO

equal opportunities

Equal

equal pay

equality of treatment

racial equality

Equatorial Guinea

training equipment

equivalence of certifi cates

Erasmus

ergonomics

Eritrea

EESC


educational establishment

training establishment

self esteem

Estonia

eTeaching

ETF

ethics

business ethics

Ethiopia

ethnic group

EU countries

EU policy

EU programme

EUROFOUND

Europass

Europe

Council of Europe

Eastern Europe

Northern Europe

Southern Europe


Western Europe






European baccalaureate



European Commission

European construction


European dimension





European integration


European law

European Ombudsman

European Parliament

European Personnel Selection Offi ce

European Training Foundation

European Treaty

European Union

European year

Eurostat

Eurydice

evaluation

self evaluation

training evaluation

evaluation criteria

evaluation method

evaluation of teaching

evaluation tool

evening class

evening institute

evening school

skill evolution

ex offender

examination

entrance examination

practical examination

examination system

examiner

international exchange

labour exchange offi cer

student exchange

teacher exchange

exclusion

social exclusion

expatriate worker

expenditure

educational expenditure

public expenditure

training expenditure

employment experience

job experience

work experience

experiential learning

training experiment

experimental education

experimental research

experimental teaching



experimentation

expert system

export

export of training

oral expression

extension training



Extremadura


educational facility

factory

Faroes

failure

business failure

falling birthrate

family

family allowance

family environment

Far East

farmer

Burkina Faso

Federal Republic of Germany

training fee

education fees

female

female employment

female labour

female status

female unemployment

female worker

fertiliser industry

occupational fi eld

research fi eld


fi lm industry

Community fi nance

local fi nance

private fi nance

public fi nance


fi nancial aid

fi nancial control

fi nancial management

fi nancial policy

fi nancial resource

fi nancial service

fi nancial support

fi nancing

company fi nancing

fi nancing of education

fi nancing of training

fi ne arts

Finland

in fi rm training

fi shing industry

electrical fi tter

mechanical fi tter

precision instrument fi tter

telecommunications fi tter

Flemish community

Flemish region

Flevoland

fl exibility


training fl exibility

fl exible hours of work

fl exible learning

fl exible manufacturing system

fl exible work

fl exible working time

fl exicurity

fl ight attendant

fl oor and wall tiler

folk arts

food industry

food worker

footwear industry

hidden labour force

labour force

forecasting


foreign language learning

foreign language skill

foreign policy

foreign student

foreign worker

foreman

forester

forestry

forestry worker

formal education

non formal education

formal learning

non formal learning

validation of non formal learning

non formal training

former GDR

former USSR

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

former Yugoslavia



institutional framework

France

Ile-de France

Franche Comté





free lance worker

free movement

freedom of movement

freight handler

French community


French Overseas Territories

French West Indies

frictional unemployment

user friendliness

Friesland

Friuli Venezia Giulia


frontier worker

full employment

full time course


full time work

training function

functional illiteracy

fundamental education

fundamental research

Community funds

social fund

training funds

fur industry

furniture industry


further training

futurology

FYROM

Gabon

Galicia

Gambia

educational game

business games

gardener

landscape gardener

gas industry

former GDR

Gelderland

general education

generic skill

geographer

geographical mobility

geography

geology

Georgia


German speaking community

Germany


Ghana

Gibraltar

gifted child

gifted person

gifted student


glass industry

glass worker

glazier

globalisation

industrial globalisation

glossary

goldsmith

leather goods maker

government

central government

city government

municipal government

government department

government policy

graduate


graduate employment

graduate trainee

graduate unemployment

grant

educational grant

graphic arts

computer graphics

Greater Antilles

Greece

Central Greece

Western Greece

green paper

Greenland

Groningen

age group

client group

disadvantaged group

discussion group

ethnic group

interest group

linguistic group

lobby group

minority group

pressure group

sociocultural group

target group

vulnerable group

group instruction

group learning

group management

group training

group work


economic growth



population growth

Grundtvig

Guatemala

career guidance

educational guidance

occupational guidance

school guidance

university guidance

vocational guidance


guidance centre

guidance offi cer

guidance service

guidance teacher

guide

tour guide

travel guide

Guinea

Equatorial Guinea

Guinea Bissau

Gulf States

hairdresser

Haiti

Hamburg

handbook

social handicap

mentally handicapped

physically handicapped

handicapped person

handicapped worker

handicraft

freight handler

hardware

head hunting

headteacher

health


mental health

physical health

public health

health and social studies

health education

health service

health worker

Bosnia Herzegovina

Hessen

hidden labour force


higher education






highly qualifi ed worker

highly skilled worker

historian

historical research

history

history of training

holidays

North Holland

South Holland

Schleswig Holstein

work at home

homeworking

Honduras

Hong Kong

horticulture

host country

hotel industry

hotel manager

hotel personnel

hotel worker



hours of work

housewife

housing

know how

human capital

human resource


human resources management

human rights

humanisation of work

humanities

humanities worker

Yorkshire and Humberside

Hungary

head hunting

hypermedia

Iceland

ICT

identifi cation of competences

identifi cation of learning outcomes

cultural identity

social identity

political ideology

Ile-de-France

illegal work

illiteracy

adult illiteracy

functional illiteracy

ILO

self image

immigrant

immigration




immigration country

social implication

import


in company training

in fi rm training

in plant training

in service training

social inclusion

corporate income

personal income

incomes policy

independent learning

independent school

independent work

independent worker

India

training indicator

British West Indies

French West Indies

individual development


individual training

individualism

mobility of individuals

Indonesia

induction training

workers’ induction

industrial democracy

industrial development

industrial globalisation

industrial policy

industrial psychology

industrial relations

industrial robot

industrial sociology

industry

aerospace industry

aircraft industry

armament industry

audiovisual industry

automobile industry

beverage industry

book industry

building industry

canning industry

car industry

catering industry

cement industry

ceramics industry


chemical industry

clothing industry

communications industry

computer industry


dairy industry


electrical industry

electricity industry

electromechanical industry

electronics industry

energy industry

fertiliser industry

fi lm industry

fi shing industry

food industry

footwear industry

fur industry

furniture industry

gas industry

glass industry

hotel industry

instrumentation industry

iron industry

leather industry

machine tool industry

machinery industry

manufacturing industry

meat industry

metalworking industry

milling industry

nuclear industry

optical industry

paper industry

petrochemical industry

petroleum industry

pharmaceutical industry

plastics industry

power industry

printing industry

pulp and paper industry

recycling industry

rubber industry

school industry links

school industry partnership

services industry

steel industry

sugar industry

tanning industry

telecommunications industry

textile industry

tobacco industry

toy industry


social inequality

informal learning

informal sector



informatics

information


career information

disclosure of information

occupational information


training information

vocational information

information age

information centre

information dissemination

information needs

information network

information personnel

information processing

information retrieval

information revolution

information science

information service

information society

information storage

information superhighway

information system

information technology

information user

information worker

initial employment

initial training

local initiative

local training initiative

training initiative

inland water transport

innovation

educational innovation

training innovation

adult innumeracy

inspector

evening institute


research institute

EC institution

educational institution


training institution

institutional framework


Community institutions

audiovisual instruction


group instruction

programmed instruction

self instruction

instructor


instrumentation industry


insulator

insurance

national insurance

social insurance

unemployment insurance

insurance personnel

cultural integration

EC integration

European integration

migrant integration

social integration

integration to work

intellectual development

intelligence

artifi cial intelligence

intensive training

social interaction


interactive skill

interactive video

intercompany training

interest group

interface

interim report

EC internal market

internal migration

international agreement


international cooperation

international economy

international enterprise

international exchange

International Labour Organisation

international migration

international organisation

international policy

international relations

international trade

international university

internationalisation

Internet


interpersonal relations


interpretation

interpreter

interview

employment interview

job interview


investment






training investment

Ionian island

Iran

Iraq

Ireland

Northern Ireland

Republic of Ireland

iron industry

Balearic island

Canary island

Caribbean island

Channel island

Ionian island

Isle of Man

Israel

journal issue

special issue

Italy

Ivory Coast

Jamaica

Japan

jeweller

off the job training

on the job training

semi skilled job

job analysis

job applicant

job application

job centre

job classifi cation

job content

job creation

job description

job design

job dislocation

job enlargement

job enrichment

job experience

job interview

job loss

job market

job offer

job opportunity

job performance

job placement

job proposal

job requirements

job restructuring

job rotation

job satisfaction

job search

job security

job seeker

job seeking

job sharing

job specifi cation

job splitting

job termination

job vacancy

dual jobholding

joiner

joint venture

Jordan

journal

journal article

journal issue

journalism worker

journalist

judge

judgment

jurisprudence

Court of Justice

EC Court of Justice

juvenile delinquency

Kazakhstan

book keeping

Kenya

key competences

key qualifi cation

key skill

United Kingdom

knitter

know how

knowledge

technical knowledge


knowledge management

knowledge society

knowledge transfer

knowledge worker

Hong Kong

North Korea

South Korea

Kosovo

Kuwait

Kyrgyzstan

Castille La Mancha

labour


dual labour market

female labour

hidden labour force


ministry of labour

regional labour market

labour administration



labour code

labour contract

labour demand


labour force

labour law

labour legislation

labour market



labour market reform

labour market segmentation

labour market structure

labour market survey

labour mobility

labour policy

labour relations

labour requirement

labour shortage

labour statistics

labour supply

labour union

labourer

free lance worker

land transport

landscape gardener

language





lesser used language

minority language

native language

second language

vocational language skill

language barrier

Languedoc-Roussillon

Sri Lanka

Laos

large enterprise

Latin America

Latium

Latvia

law

administrative law

case law

Community law

EC law

employment law

European law

labour law

law worker

lawyer

leadership

leadership training

learning to learn

learning


adult learning

applied learning





distance learning

experiential learning

fl exible learning


formal learning

group learning

independent learning


informal learning


lifelong learning

Lifelong learning programme

lifelong learning strategy

non-formal learning

online learning

open learning

organisational learning

prior learning

programmed learning

psychology of learning

recognition of learning outcomes



validation of learning outcomes

validation of non-formal learning

valorisation of learning

visual learning

learning aid

learning by doing

learning by using

learning company

learning credit

learning diffi culty

learning disability

learning enterprise

learning environment

learning material

learning method

learning objective

learning organisation

learning outcome

learning pace

learning process




learning site

learning strategy

learning style

learning theory

learning to learn

learning venue

leather goods maker

leather industry

leather worker

educational leave

maternity leave

training leave

early school leaver

school leaving


Lebanon

lecturer

legal aspect

legal document

legal personnel

legal science

legal service

legal text

legislation

Community legislation

economic legislation

educational legislation

labour legislation

social legislation


Leinster

leisure

leisure service

leisure time

length of studies

Castille and Leon

Leonardo da Vinci

Sierra Leone

Lesotho

Lesser Antilles


A level

educational level

level of education


skill level

training level

training levy

liberal profession

Liberia

civil liberty

librarian

library

library catalogue

Libya

Liechtenstein


quality of life


working life

lifelong learning



Liguria

Limburg

Limousin

Lingua

linguistic group

linguistics


Lisbon and the Tagus Valley

discussion list

mailing list

computer literacy

literacy

literature

Lithuania

cost of living


standard of living

living conditions

loan

educational loan

lobby group


local administration

local authority

local community

local economy

local fi nance

local initiative

local planning


logger

Loire Region

Lombardy

long term unemployment

Lorraine

job loss

Lower Austria

lower class

Lower Normandy

Lower Saxony


Luxembourg

Treaty of Maastricht

Macao

Macedonia





machine translation

machinery industry

setter of production machines

skilled machinist

Madagascar

Madeira

Community of Madrid

Maghreb

mailing list

maintenance repair

cabinet maker

leather goods maker

paper maker

plastic products maker

pottery maker

Malawi

Malaysia

Maldives

male

Mali

Malta

man

Isle of Man

young man

management

administration management

business management

career management

company management

data management

educational management

fi nancial management

group management


knowledge management

personnel management

production management

quality management

self management

total quality management

training management

management attitude

management board

management consultant


management education

management of change

management skill

management training

manager

hotel manager

training manager

managerial competence

managerial personnel

managerial skill

Castille and La Mancha

manicurist

manpower

manpower needs

manpower planning

manpower policy

manual

manual worker



manufacturing industry

manufacturing worker

Marche

marginal worker

marginalisation

San Marino

market


dual labour market

EC internal market

job market

labour market








training market

market research

marketing

training marketing

Mashreq

mason bricklayer

mass media

mastercraftsman

educational material

eLearning material

learning material

teaching material

training material

maternity leave

mathematical model

mathematician

mathematics

mathematics worker

maturity

Mauritania

Mauritius

safety measure




measurement

educational measurement

meat industry

mechanic


motor mechanic

service mechanic


mechanical fi tter

mechanisation

Mecklenburg West Pomerania

mass media

training media

medical auxiliary

medical care

medical doctor

medical personnel

medical practitioner

medical science

medicine

natural medicine

veterinary medicine

Mediterranean countries

communication medium

small medium enterprise

medium enterprise

Melanesia

Melilla

mental development

mental health

mental stress


mentally handicapped

mentoring

metalworker

metalworking industry

meteorology

audiovisual method

evaluation method

learning method

project method

research method

study method

teaching method

training method

methodology

Mexico

microcomputer

microelectronics

Micronesia

mid career break

middle class

Middle East

Midi-Pyrénées

East Midlands

West Midlands

midwife

migrant

migrant education

migrant employment

migrant integration

migrant training

migrant unemployment

migrant woman

migrant worker

migrant’s child

migrants’ rights

migration

internal migration

international migration

return migration

rural urban migration

military personnel

milling industry


miner

coal miner

Minerva

mining

ministry

ministry of education

ministry of labour

minority

minority group

minority language

mixed economy


geographical mobility

labour mobility

occupational mobility

personnel mobility

social mobility

staff mobility

student mobility

mobility of individuals

model

mathematical model

modernisation

modular training

Republic of Moldova

Molise

Monaco

mondialisation

monetary policy

Mongolia


self monitoring

monograph



monograph part

Montenegro

moonlighting

Morocco

mortality

mother tongue

motivation

motor mechanic

free movement

freedom of movement

social movement

Mozambique

multi skill training

multicultural environment

multilingualism

multimedia

multimedia system

multinational enterprise

multiple employment

municipal government

Munster

Region of Murcia

museum

music

musician

Myanmar

Namibia

narcotic addiction

national budget

national insurance

national planning

nationality

United Nations

native language

natural environment

natural medicine

natural sciences

nature conservation

Navarre

educational needs

information needs

manpower needs

skill needs


training needs


Nepal

Netherlands

Netherlands Antilles

computer network

documentary network

information network

training network

new occupation

new technologies

New Zealand

newsletter

newspaper

Nicaragua

Nice Treaty

Niger

Nigeria



non-formal education

non-formal learning

non-formal training

non-traditional occupation


Nord-Pas-de-Calais

Lower Normandy

Upper Normandy

North Africa

North America

North Brabant

North Holland

North Korea

North Rhine Westphalia

North West England

Northern Aegean

Northern England

Northern Europe

Northern Ireland

Northern Portugal

Norway

nuclear industry

number of students

number of trainees

numeracy

nurse

work place nursery

educational objective

learning objective

teaching objective

training objective

observation

skill obsolescence

obsolescent occupation

occupation

new occupation

non-traditional occupation

obsolescent occupation

recognised occupation

regulated occupation

sales occupation

technical occupation

occupational accident

occupational aspiration




occupational change

occupational choice

occupational classifi cation

occupational disease

occupational environment

occupational fi eld

occupational guidance

occupational information

occupational mobility

occupational organisation

occupational profi le

occupational psychology

occupational qualifi cation

occupational rehabilitation

occupational safety

occupational satisfaction

occupational sociology

occupational status

occupational structure

occupational success

occupational transformation


Oceania

OECD

OECD countries


ex offender

job offer


offi ce automation

offi ce clerk


offi ce technology

offi ce work

offi ce worker

guidance offi cer



older person

older worker

Oman

European Ombudsman

on the job training

online catalogue

online learning

OOPEC

open employment

open learning

open university

computer operator

opinion

Community opinion

equal opportunities

career opportunity

educational opportunity

employment opportunity

job opportunity

training opportunity

optical industry

optician

oral expression

organisation

accreditation of training organisation

employers’ organisation


international organisation

learning organisation

occupational organisation

student organisation

training organisation

voluntary organisation

work organisation

youth organisation


organisational change

organisational development

organisational learning

educational orientation

vocational orientation

country of origin

social origin

OSHA



learning outcome

training outcome



Identifi cation of learning outcomes



outplacement

outsourcing

Overijssel



overseas student

overtime

learning pace

painter and decorator

painting

Pakistan

Rhineland Palatinate


Palestine authority

pamphlet

Panama



conference paper

discussion paper

green paper


white paper

working paper

paper industry

paper maker

Paraguay

paramedical personnel

parental attitude

parental role

parents

science park

technology park

parliament

European Parliament

parqueting worker

monograph part

part time course

part time education


part time work

community participation


employees’ participation

employers’ participation

state participation

trainee participation

training participation rate


social partners



political party

Nord Pas de Calais

training passport

employment pattern

equal pay

pedagogics

pedagogy

Peloponnese

pension scheme

people at risk

unqualifi ed young people

performance

job performance

work performance

performance appraisal

performing artist

permanent vocational training

work permit

blind person

deaf person

disabled person

dumb person

gifted person

handicapped person


older person


sales person

young person

personal computer

personal development

personal income

personal service personnel

personality

personnel



ambulance personnel

banking personnel

catering personnel

clerical personnel

commercial personnel

computer personnel

computing personnel

environment personnel


hotel personnel

information personnel

insurance personnel

legal personnel

managerial personnel

medical personnel

military personnel

paramedical personnel


public service personnel

scientifi c personnel

security personnel

social services personnel

teaching personnel

technical personnel

tourism personnel

training and teaching personnel

training personnel

travel personnel

welfare personnel

personnel assessment

personnel committee

personnel management

personnel mobility

personnel policy

personnel regrading

personnel selection

personnel shortage




personnel supervision

personnel supply

employed persons

Peru

petrochemical industry

petroleum industry

pharmaceutical industry

Philippines

philosophy

educational philosophy

photographer

photography

physical environment

physical health

physical science worker


physically handicapped

physician

physicist

physics

physiotherapist

Picardy

Piedmont

aircraft pilot

pilot project

pilot study

work place nursery

place of work

placement

job placement

training placement

placement service

action plan

training plan

planning

career planning

city planning

economic planning

educational planning

employment planning

local planning

manpower planning

national planning

regional planning

town planning

urban planning

vocational training planning

planning of training

in plant training

plant shutdown

plasterer


plastics industry

plumber

poaching

Poitou-Charentes

Poland

police

agricultural policy

Community policy

cultural policy

EC policy

economic policy

educational policy

employment policy

environmental policy

EU policy

fi nancial policy

foreign policy

government policy

incomes policy

industrial policy

international policy

labour policy

manpower policy

monetary policy

personnel policy

regional policy

regional training policy

research policy

social policy

trade policy

training policy


youth policy

political ideology

political party

political regime

political science

political system

politics

pollution

Polynesia

polytechnic

polytechnic education

polyvalence

polyvalent training



population

population decline

population distribution

population growth

population trends

rural population

student population

urban population




porter

Central Portugal

Northern Portugal

Portugal

positive discrimination



postgraduate study

pottery maker

poverty

power industry

practical examination

practical skill

practical training

best practice

workshop practice

medical practitioner



precarious employment

precariousness


vocational preparation

press

press release

pressure group

accident prevention

prevocational training


primary education

primary school

primary sector

printer

printing industry

printing worker


prior learning

prisoner training

private education


private fi nance

private school

private sector

problem solving

social problem

selection procedure

proceedings

cognitive process

learning process

data processing


information processing

producer

production

production management


productivity


liberal profession

teaching profession


professional association

professional status

professional worker

professionalisation

professionalism

professor

career profi le

employee profi le

occupational profi le


training profi le

profi t

Community programme

EC programme

Employment programme

EU programme


research programme

training programme

work programme

Youth programme

programmed instruction

programmed learning

computer programmer

progress report

progression

pilot project

project method

project report

prolongation of schooling

prolonged schooling

training promoter

employment promotion

promotion

sales promotion

social promotion

job proposal

career prospects

employment protection

environmental protection

youth protection


training provider


psychologist

educational psychology

industrial psychology




occupational psychology

psychology

psychology at work

psychology of education

psychology of learning


public body

public education


public enterprise

public expenditure

public fi nance

public health

public relations

public school

public sector

public servant

public service



publishing

Puerto Rico


pupil

training purchase

pure sciences

Midi Pyrénées

Qatar

qualifi cation

dual qualifi cation

key qualifi cation


occupational qualifi cation

recognition of qualifi cation

vocational qualifi cation


comparability of qualifi cations

comparison of qualifi cations

correspondence of qualifi cations

transparency of qualifi cations


qualitative analysis

educational quality

teaching quality


quality assurance

quality control

quality management

quality of education

quality of life

quality of training


questioning

questionnaire

racial discrimination

racial equality

racial segregation

racism

radio

radiographer

railway transport

railway worker


schooling rate


trainer trainee ratio

reading

receptionist

economic recession

recognised occupation

recognition of certifi cates

recognition of competences


recognition of diplomas

recognition of qualifi cations

Community recommendation

EC recommendation


career record

trainee record

recreation

recreation service

recruitment

recurrent education

recycling industry


redundancy

reengineering

curriculum reform

educational reform


training reform

refreshing training

refugee

political regime


Flemish Region

Loire Region

Walloon region

Region of Murcia


regional authority

regional cooperation

regional development

regional employment


regional planning

regional policy





Committee of the Regions

registered unemployed worker

registration

personnel regrading

regulated occupation

Community regulation

regulation

EC regulation

employment rehabilitation

occupational rehabilitation

vocational rehabilitation



industrial relations

international relations

interpersonal relations

labour relations

public relations




trainer trainee relationship



day release

press release

religion

remuneration

repair

maintenance repair

replacement

report

annual report

conference report

interim report

progress report

project report

reporter

workers’ representation

sales representative



Czech Republic




Slovak Republic

Republic of Ireland

Republic of Moldova

labour requirement

skill requirement

admission requirements

job requirements

vocational requirements

research

action research

comparative research

curriculum research

educational research

empirical research

experimental research

fundamental research

historical research

market research

social research

training research

research centre

research and development

research fi eld

research institute

research method

research policy

research programme

research technique

Community resolution

capital resource

economic resource

educational resource

fi nancial resource

human resource

resource centre



responsible body

restoration

business restructuring

job restructuring

retail trade

retirement

early retirement

retraining

information retrieval

return migration

return to work

Reunion

review

information revolution


Rhineland Palatinate

Rhône-Alpes

Costa Rica

Puerto Rico

right to education


right to training

right to work




rights of the child

children’s rights

civil rights

cultural rights

human rights

migrants’ rights

social rights

women’s rights

Rioja

rising birthrate

people at risk

road transport

robot

industrial robot

robotics

employers’ role

parental role

social role

teacher role

trade union role

training role

Emilia Romagna

Romania

Treaty of Rome

roof slater and tiler

job rotation

Languedoc Roussillon

rubber industry

rural area

rural development

rural population


rural youth

Russia

Rwanda

Saarland


occupational safety

staff safety

safety at work

safety education

safety measure

safety training

Western Sahara

sailor

salary

sales occupation

sales person

sales promotion

sales representative

sales worker

El Salvador

Salzburg

San Marino

sandwich course

sanitation service

Sardinia

communications satellite

satellite communication

job satisfaction

occupational satisfaction

Saudi Arabia

Saxony

Lower Saxony

Saxony Anhalt

Scandinavia

pension scheme

Schleswig Holstein

scholarship

school


early school leaver

elementary school


evening school


independent school



primary school

private school

public school

secondary school

specialised secondary school

technical school


vocational school

school dropout


school guidance



school leaving


school subject

schooling

prolongation of schooling

prolonged schooling

schooling rate


computer science

information science

legal science

medical science


political science

science park

science worker



administrative sciences

applied sciences

natural sciences

pure sciences

social sciences

social sciences worker

technological sciences

sciences of education

scientifi c personnel

scientist

computer scientist

social scientist

Scotland

sea transport

seafarer

seamstress

job search

seasonal unemployment

seasonal work

seasonal worker



second language

secondary education




secondary school

secondary sector


secondment

secretarial training

secretary

administrative sector


economic sector

informal sector

primary sector

private sector

public sector

secondary sector

service sector

tertiary sector

sectoral education

sectoral training

employment security

job security

social security

security personnel

security services worker

job seeker

job seeking


segregation

racial segregation


personnel selection

trainee selection

selection criteria

selection procedure

self concept



self employment

self esteem

self evaluation

self image

self instruction

self management

self monitoring

semi skilled job

semi skilled worker

semi state body

Senegal

seniority

Serbia

serial

series

civil servant

public servant

business service

careers service


civil service

cultural service

employment service

fi nancial service

guidance service

health service

in service training

information service

legal service

leisure service


placement service



public service


recreation service

sanitation service

social service

tourist service

voluntary service

service mechanic

service sector

services






social services worker

transport services worker

services industry

services worker


sex discrimination

sex distribution

sexism

shadow economy

job sharing

sheltered employment

shipbuilding

shipping

shoemaker

short course


short term unemployment

employment shortage

labour shortage

personnel shortage

skill shortage

staff shortage

plant shutdown

Sicily

Sierra Leone

silversmith

silviculture

simulation training

Singapore

singer

learning site

economic situation

employment situation

skill

basic skill

communication skill

core skill


generic skill

interactive skill

key skill

management skill

managerial skill


practical skill

social skill

transferable skill


skill analysis

skill development

skill evolution

skill level

skill needs

skill obsolescence

skill requirement

skill shortage

skill training


semi skilled job

semi skilled worker

skilled machinist

skilled worker


Slovak Republic

Slovenia

small business

small enterprise

small and medium enterprise

SME



social adjustment

social assimilation

social assistance

social behaviour

social benefi ts

social change

social class

social competence

social consequence

social dialogue

social discrimination

social economy

social effect

social environment

social exclusion

social fund

social handicap

social identity

social implication

social inclusion

social inequality

social insurance

social integration

social interaction

social legislation

social mobility

social movement

social origin

social partners

social policy

social problem

social promotion

social research

social rights

social role

social sciences




social scientist

social security

social service



social skill

social status

social structure

social system

social work

social worker

socialisation


society

information society

knowledge society



sociocultural group

sociologist

sociology

educational sociology

industrial sociology

occupational sociology

sociology at work

Socrates

software

educational software

training software

soldier

problem solving

Somalia

South Africa

South America

South Asia

South East Asia

South East England

South Holland

South Korea

South West England

Southern Aegean

Southern Africa

Southern Europe

Spain

German speaking Community

special education


special issue


specialised worker

specialist training

job specifi cation


speech

job splitting

sponsorship

sport

Sri Lanka

staff

training staff

staff appraisal

staff assessment

staff development

staff mobility

staff safety

staff shortage

staff supply

staff training

standard

training standard

standard of living

state

semi state body

state aid

state body

state education

state participation

Baltic States

Gulf States

United States


statistician

statistics

economic statistics

educational statistics

employment statistics

labour statistics

training statistics

employment status

female status

occupational status

professional status

social status

women’s status

statutory education

steel industry

stonemason and cutter

information storage

learning strategy


training strategy

mental stress

strike

structural unemployment

administrative structure

employment structure





occupational structure

social structure

student

foreign student

gifted student

overseas student

undergraduate student

working student

student allowance

student exchange

student mobility

student organisation

student population

number of students

students’ attitude

business studies

choice of studies

duration of studies


length of studies

university studies

case study

comparative study

distance study

pilot study

postgraduate study

time study

undergraduate study

work study

study abroad

study duration

study method

study tour

study visit

learning style

Styria

subcontracting

subcontractor

compulsory subject

course subject

curriculum subject

school subject

teaching subject

subsidy

success

occupational success

Sudan

sugar industry

information superhighway

personnel supervision

supervisor

supervisory training

supplementary training

educational supply

labour supply

personnel supply

staff supply

training supply

fi nancial support

Suriname

survey

employment survey


sustainable development

Swaziland

Sweden

Switzerland

Syria

authoring system

credit system

dual system

economic system

education system

educational system


examination system

expert system


information system


multimedia system

political system

social system

training system

systems analyst

systems designer


tailor

Taiwan

Tajikistan

tanning industry

Tanzania

training target

target group


tariff agreement

task analysis

tax

teacher

guidance teacher


university teacher

vocational teacher

teacher education

teacher exchange

teacher role

teacher training




training of teachers

teaching

evaluation of teaching

experimental teaching


teaching aid

teaching material

teaching method

teaching objective

teaching personnel

teaching profession

teaching quality

teaching subject

teaching technique

team work

technical assistance

technical education

technical knowledge

technical occupation

technical personnel

technical school

technical training

technician

research technique

teaching technique

technological change

technological sciences

technological training

new technologies

technology

advanced technology

college of technology

educational technology

information technology

offi ce technology

technology park

technology transfer

telecommunication

telecommunications fi tter

telecommunications industry

telematics

telephonist

television

educational television

teleworking

temporary employment

temporary unemployment

temporary work

temporary worker

Tempus




terminal

job termination

termination of employment

terminology



tertiary sector

test

aptitude test

attainment testing

educational testing

legal text

textbook

textile industry

textile worker

Thailand

theatre

educational theory

learning theory

training theory

theory of education

thesaurus

thesis

Thessaly

creative thinking

Thuringia




full time course


full time work

leisure time

part time course

part time education


part time work

working time


time study

East Timor

tobacco industry

Togo

mother tongue

evaluation tool


toolmaker


educational tour

study tour

training tour

tour guide

tourism

tourism personnel

tourist service





town planning

toy industry

trade

distributive trade


international trade

retail trade

wholesale trade

trade certifi cate

trade policy

trade union

trade union role

trade union training

trades’ training

non traditional occupation


trainee

graduate trainee



trainee assessment

trainee participation

trainee record

trainee selection

number of trainees

trainees’ attitude

trainer



training of trainers

trainers’ attitude

accelerated training

access to training

accreditation of training


accreditation of training organisation


adaptation training

adjustment training

admission to training

adult training


alternance training

alternating training

appreciation training

basic training


choice of training

clerical training

completion of training

computer training

continued training

continuing training


cost of training

craft training

distance training


economics of training


entrepreneurial training

environmental training



export of training

extension training


fi nancing of training

further training

group training

history of training

in company training

in fi rm training

in plant training

in service training

individual training

induction training

initial training

intensive training


leadership training


management training

migrant training

modular training


non-formal training


on the job training


planning of training

polyvalent training

practical training

prevocational training

prisoner training

quality of training

refreshing training


right to training

safety training

secretarial training

sectoral training

simulation training

skill training

specialist training

staff training

supervisory training



supplementary training

teacher training


technical training

technological training


trades’ training

type of training

updating training

valorisation of training

vocational training


work based training

youth training

training abroad

training administration

training agreement

training aid

training allowance


training assessment

training assistance

training audit

training bay

training benefi t

training budget

training centre

training concept

training conference

training consultant

training contracting

training convention

training coordination

training cost

training course

training credit

training demand

training description

training development

training director

training dropout

training duration

training effectiveness



training equipment

training establishment

training evaluation

training expenditure

training experiment

training fee

training fl exibility

training function

training funds

training indicator

training information

training initiative

training innovation

training institution

training investment

training leave


training level

training levy

training management

training manager

training market

training marketing

training material

training media

training method

training needs


training network

training objective

training of teachers

training of trainers

training opportunity

training organisation

training outcome



training passport

training personnel

training placement

training plan

training policy


training profi le

training programme

training promoter

training provider

training purchase

training reform

training research

training role

training software


training staff

training standard

training statistics

training strategy

training supply

training system

training target

training theory

training tour

training tutor




training type

training validation

training wastage

training workshop

traits

knowledge transfer

technology transfer


transferable skill

occupational transformation


translation

automated translation

machine translation


translator

transnational corporation

transparency of qualifi cations

transport

air transport



land transport

railway transport

road transport

sea transport

urban transport


transport worker

transportation

transversal competences

travel agency


travel guide

travel personnel

equality of treatment

Amsterdam Treaty

European Treaty

Nice Treaty


Treaty of Maastricht

Treaty of Rome

trend

population trends

Trentino Alto Adige

Tunisia

Turkey

Turkmenistan

Tuscany

training tutor

training type

type of enterprise

type of training

typist

data typist

Tyrol

Uganda

Ukraine

Ulster

Umbria

underemployment

undergraduate

undergraduate student

undergraduate study

underground economy

underqualifi ed worker


unemployed worker

unemployed youth

unemployment

disguised unemployment

female unemployment


frictional unemployment

graduate unemployment


migrant unemployment


seasonal unemployment


structural unemployment

temporary unemployment

youth unemployment


unemployment duration

unemployment insurance

unemployment of women

Unesco

unfi lled vacancy


European Union

labour union

trade union

trade union role



credit unit


United Kingdom

United Nations

United States

university

higher non university education

international university

non university higher education

open university

university degree





university guidance

university studies

university teacher


unskilled worker

updating training

upskilling

Upper Austria

upper class

Upper Normandy



urban area

urban planning

urban population

urban transport

urban youth

Uruguay



information user

user friendliness

learning by using

USSR

former USSR

Utrecht

Uzbekistan

job vacancy

unfi lled vacancy

Community of Valencia

training validation

validation of competences



Valle d’Aosta


valorisation of learning

valorisation of training

Vatican

Veneto


Venezuela

joint venture

learning venue

Cape Verde

veterinarian

veterinary medicine

veterinary worker

video

interactive video

Vienna

Vietnam

Leonardo da Vinci

study visit

visual learning

curriculum vitae

viticulture





vocational aspiration

vocational assessment

vocational change

vocational choice

vocational counselling

vocational counsellor


vocational guidance


vocational information


vocational orientation

vocational preparation

vocational qualifi cation

vocational rehabilitation


vocational requirements

vocational school

vocational teacher

vocational training


Vojvodina

voluntary agency

voluntary organisation

voluntary service

Vorarlberg

vulnerable group

basic wage

effi ciency wage

wage

wage differential

wage earner

waiter

Wales


Walloon region

educational wastage

training wastage


wealth

weaver

world wide web

webmaster

website

welder

welfare personnel




British West Indies

French West Indies


North West England

South West England

West Africa

West Midlands

Western Europe

Western Greece

Western Sahara


white paper

wholesale trade

world wide web

woman

migrant woman

young woman

unemployment of women

woman worker

women’s rights

women’s status

women’s work

wood worker


clandestine work

clerical work



fl exible work

full time work

group work

hours of work

humanisation of work

illegal work

independent work

integration to work

offi ce work

part time work

place of work

psychology at work

return to work

right to work

safety at work

seasonal work

social work

sociology at work

team work

temporary work


women’s work

work at home

work attitude

work based training

work environment

work organisation

work performance

work permit

work place nursery

work programme

work study

worker

administration worker

ageing worker

agricultural worker

agriculture worker

atypical worker

beverage worker

blue collar worker

bus worker

business worker

casual worker

ceramics worker

clerical worker

construction worker

disabled worker

domestic worker

education worker

engineering worker

environment worker

expatriate worker

female worker

food worker

foreign worker

forestry worker

free lance worker

frontier worker

glass worker

handicapped worker

health worker



hotel worker

humanities worker

independent worker

information worker

journalism worker

knowledge worker

law worker

leather worker

manual worker

manufacturing worker

marginal worker

mathematics worker

migrant worker

offi ce worker

older worker

parqueting worker




printing worker

professional worker

railway worker


sales worker

science worker

seasonal worker



semi skilled worker

services worker

skilled worker



social worker

specialised worker

temporary worker

textile worker


transport worker

underqualifi ed worker

unemployed worker

unskilled worker

veterinary worker

woman worker

wood worker

young worker

youth worker

worker adaptation

workers’ education

workers’ induction


workers’ representation

workforce







working class

working conditions

working document

work experience

working life

working paper

working student

working time


works council

training workshop

workshop practice

World Bank

world wide web

writing

Baden Württemberg

European year

yearbook

Yemen

Yorkshire and Humberside


young man

young person

young woman

young worker

youth

rural youth

unemployed youth

urban youth

youth aid

youth employment

youth organisation

youth policy

Youth programme

youth protection

youth training

youth unemployment

youth worker

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

former Yugoslavia

Zambia

New Zealand

Zeeland

Zimbabwe

zoology




Luxembourg: Offi ce for Offi cial Publications of the European Communities

2008 — 469 pp. – 21 x 29.7 cm

ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0

Cat. No: TI-76-06-670-2A-C

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29

No of publication: 3049

kg809644_inside_FR.indb 471kg809644_inside_FR.indb 471 3/02/09 10:40:463/02/09 10:40:46



TI-76-06-670-2A-C

Europe 123, GR-570 01 Thessaloniki (Pylea)PO Box 22427, GR-551 02 ThessalonikiTel. (+30) 23 10 49 011, Fax (+30) 23 10 49 00 20E-mail: [email protected]

Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 29 3049



E N | F R

Eur

op

ean

Trai

ning

The

saur

us |

Thé

saur

us e

uro

pée

n d

e la

fo

rmat

ion

pro

fess

ionn

elle

EN

| F

R

ISBN 978-92-896-0471-0

kg809644cover.indd 1kg809644cover.indd 1 3/02/09 10:46:363/02/09 10:46:36

European Training Thesaurus European Training Thesaurus · 2014-11-04 · European Training...

Documents

Transcript of European Training Thesaurus European Training Thesaurus · 2014-11-04 · European Training...