Experience in constructing new

research infrastructures

–

European Spallation Source and the

MAX IV Synchrotron Facility

Lars Börjesson

Two world-leading research facilities

European Spallation Source – 2019

Forskning med neutroner

MAX IV Synchrotron – 2016

National facility -> Nordic

Science using X-rays

Development from MAXlab

European Spallation Source – 2019

17 Countries as partners

Science using Neutrons

Green field site and facility

MAX IV and ESS - avanced tools for many research areas

• Materials science

• Life Science

• Energy technology

• Environmental

sciences

• Nanotechnology

• Geology

• Paleonthology

Both fundamental and applied – Strategic research

65 nm

transistor

32 nm

transistor

The MAX IV Laboratory

Status

• National facility, 60 %

international use

• For materials, nano and life

science.

• Investments 400 M€, funding

from VR, Lund University,

VINNOVA, Region Skåne and K

A Wallenberg Foundation and

Swedish universities

Challenges

• Full exploration of exceptional

performance

• International partnership for

science, technology and funding

• ERIC

• Innovation and industrial use

MAX-lab – a national laboratory

MAX I 550 MeV

MAX II 1500 MeV

MAX III 700 MeV

LINAC injector

MAX FEL

1985 MAX I – Synchrotron radiation and nuclear physics

1997 MAX II – 3rd generation storage ring

2008 MAX III –3rd generation – prototype for MAX IV

2009 MAX-FEL – Test facility for free electron laser

(EUROFEL – IRUVX)

the continuing attention to the user needs.

International co-operation and use

Sweden

Baltic

countries

Norway

Other

Countries

FinlandDenmark

42 %

20 %

5%

3%2%

28 %

Swedish and International Use of MAX-lab today

6

MAX-lab – 930 users

MAX IV >2000 users

MAX IV – Unique Design

3 GeV ring 19 beamlines(0.24 nmrad)

540 m circumference

1.5 GeV ring 11 beamlines (5.6 nmrad)

96 m circumference

3 GeV linac Injection + short pulse facility

3 GeV ring1,5 GeV ring

Linac

World leading

• Brilliance

• Coherence

• Nano-focus

• Time structure

MAX-Lab vs. MAX IV

A transformation process

� Next generation – hundreds of times more powerful

� Revolutionary technique – worlds most brilliant synchrotron

facility

� Larger capacity – more beamlines

� International partnerships

� Synergies with ESS and the Science City

MAX-lab

MAX IV Laboratory

MAX IV Construction Site

Experience from the construction of MAX IV

• Existing expertise, development and oganisation from existing

MAXlab are extremely valuable

• Close cooperation with leading labs worldwide is efficient and

necessary

• Transformation from small lab to large laboratory not easy –

change of culture, attitudes, organisation and managements

methods. ”Careful change”.

• Dealing with many stakeholders and funders is complicated and

difficult. There should be a champion stakeholder.

• Takes time to raise institutional interest for partnership in other

countries – despite large scientific use.

• Large public attention ! Expectation management needed.

• An exciting adventure !!

European Spallation Source

Status

• European project, 17 partner

countries, MoU

• For materials, nano and life science.

• Investments 1.5 B€

• Pre-construction phase, TDR, costing

and agreement ready early 2013,

Issues

• Agreement with partner countries

• Contributions from partner

countires , inkl in-kind. EC ?

• Legal form – ERIC

• Signing of Political Declaration,

June 2013

• Transf. –> Construction phase

Green field

project

• 1992 EC – first Design study of ESS by major

Eurpean Labs

• 1994 European Neutron Scattering Association

created 1994

• 1997-98 First Conceptual Design Study

• 2000 US – DoE Decision on a MW spalaltion source

• 2002 – 2003 Second ESS design ready

• Difficulties to reach European political level

• 2002 – ESFRI was created

• 2003 ESFRI ESS Working group

ESS – Brief History

Role of ESFRI

2007 – ESFRI decided to take initiatives

• ESS – a well defined project

• competition between 3 sites

• showcase for ‘European decision process’ – to political

level ?

• ESS project has a ‘long’ history

ESS Scandinavia

Debrecen

Bilbao

ESFRI process ESS site competition – ESFRI site review

questionnaire sent to 3 sites

to help with decision process

role of ESFRI

Site Review Group - Lund’s strengths

• excellence of scientific environment

• excellence of R&D

• strong business community

• international environment

• preparedness to move into

construction

Role of ESFRI

Czech presidency –

• Margins of Competitiveness Council

meeting

• Site decision made 29 May 2009

Start of Design update and Pre-

construction phase

ESS Presentation | 2012 May | Karl McFaul

ESS - A European Facility

Sweden,

Denmark and Norway:

50% of Construction

20% of Operations

European Partners

Contributes the rest

Total investement: ~ 1,5 B€Operations:~ 100 M€

Status of the ESS

• MoU for pre-construction phase – 17 countries

• Design update almost completed

- Technical Design, Costing and Agreement texts ready end of

2012

• Project Review Completed Summer 2012 – ”Ready for Construction”

• Bi-Lateral negotiations are on-going

• Signing of Political Declarations of Intent – June 2013

• -> Construction phase

Some experiences of the ESS

Political

• Political decision process in Europe is complex and slow, compare SNS in the US

• Experienced Politician as ’Science Angel’

• ESFRI played a significant role

Technical

• Promoting – Technical Organisation takes time

• Project Management from Industry is important for reaching goals. Intersiting cultural challenge

• Engage world leading technical/scientific experts

• Reviews and cost control essential to be on track

ESRF och ILL, Grenoble

ESRF

ILLEMBL

Minatec – NanocenterPSB

Start-ups

Science Village – a creative environment

Outstations: National,

universities, institutes

Laboratories: Bio,

nano, materiasl, energy,

environments…

Incubators, R&D

Divisions, Sciecne

parks

Hotel and restaurants

Science Expo, visitors

center

Conferenses and

workshops

Medicon Village

Stimulating science and societal growth

6-8000 scientists per

year

800 employed scientists

– Scientific breakthroughs

– Technical innovations

– Procurement of the order of 2Billion €

– Advanced use by academia and

industry

– Development of highly competent

personell in high-tech areas

– Will attract R&D divisions in companies

– Industry use

- 5 % direct

- 30% in cooperation with university

Regional initiatives

TITA – Project

• General innovation and industry effects

• City and regional planning, new suburbs to Lund, public transport

• Social activities – international schools in manylanguages, multi-culture, the spouse problem,…

• Science center for the public

• Interactions University- Institutes, facilities, industry

• How to be as open as possible to Europe and beyond

At Pufendorf institute 15 Social scientists study effects oflarge facilities on society in real time

ESS and MAX IV 2025

• Worlds most powerful

neutron and

synchrotron sources

• Creative Center for

Science and

Innovation

• Effects well beyond

being tools for

materials research

and biotechnology

• Talents from all over

the world – 5000-

8000/year

But…

• How do we do science 2025 and beyond ?

• Effects of IT development ?

• What does the innovation system look like ?

• What are the grand challenges for science ?

• What attracts people ?

• How do we live and work ?

• What is important to people ?

How do we plan for the future ?

Foresights ?

Thinktanks ?