EUROPEAN NATIONS SETTLE NORTH AMERICAMr. Morris

World History

Key Terms Ch. 20.2 pg. 561

New France Jamestown Pilgrims Puritans New Netherland French and Indian War Metacom

Setting the Stage

Spain’s successful colonization of America was noticed by other European nations All sent colonists to settle in the Americas North America became a European

battleground

Competing Claims in North America

European nations first sent ships to America to find a faster route to Asia After they could not find one through North

America, they built colonies there instead

Explorers Establish New France French explorers sailed west looking for

an all water route to Asia 1524 – Giovanni de Verrazzano discovered

New York harbor 1534 – Jacques Cartier settled Montreal,

Canada 1608 – Samuel de Champlain founded

Quebec, capital of New France (Canada) Explored the Mississippi River and named it

Louisiana - Midwest U.S. and eastern Canada

A Trading Empire

France had lots of land, but few inhabitants in North America Most French colonists didn’t want to build

towns or raise families Catholic priests and young men in the fur trade

French were interested in making money, not occupying territory

The English Arrive in North America

1606 – King James of England sent a group of settlers to North America to found a colony In 1607, they reached Jamestown, VA

(named after King James) This was the first permanent English

settlement in North America

The Settlement in Jamestown In the beginning, settlers were more

interested in finding gold than planting crops 70% of settlers dead from hunger, disease,

or war with Native Americans in the first few years

Eventually, settlers were able to settle into their new lives in Virginia

Discovery of tobacco as a cash crop improved fortunes

Puritans Create a “New England” 1620 – Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth,

Massachusetts Came to America for religious freedom Later, Puritans came to North America for

escape from the Anglican Church and established the Massachusetts Bay colony

Wanted a community other towns could look to as a role model and was eventually successful

The Dutch Found New Netherland 1609 – Henry Hudson arrived at the

mouth of the Hudson River Dutch built posts along the River and called

their colony New Netherland Established trade with the Iroquois Indians Slow to attract settlers, allowed people

from many different lands to settle in the region

Colonizing the Caribbean

In the Caribbean Sea, European countries were also gaining possessions France gained Haiti, Guadeloupe, and

Martinique English settlers arrived in Barbados and

Jamaica Dutch took Netherlands Antilles and Aruba

from Spain In the Caribbean, cotton and sugar

plantations were established and run with slave labor

The Struggle for North America With all these nations in close contact

with one another, conflict arose between them for supremacy

The English Oust the Dutch

New Netherland (Dutch) separated England’s northern and southern colonies Duke of York took the city for England and

renamed it New York After Dutch were gone, English established

13 colonies along the east coast of America

England Battles France

In search of more land, English colonists moved west The more they expanded, the more

England and France interfered with one another

1754 – French and Indian War begins British colonists defeated the French in

North America and France surrendered its North American land to Britain

Britain now in control of half of North America

Native Americans Respond

European colonization had a terrible effect on the Native American population

A Strained Relationship

French and Dutch got along rather well with Native Americans Worked together in fur trading industry

English had poor relations with Native Americans Cooperated in the beginning, but with more

land they pushed more natives out of their homes

Viewed one another as devils because of religious differences

Settlers and Native Americans Battle

As tensions rose, wars eventually broke out between British and Native Americans Powhatan tribe attacked Jamestown and

killed several hundred settlers British responded by massacring hundreds

of Powhatan In King Philip’s War, both sides

massacred the other until the British eventually won

Natives Fall to Disease

Disease was the main killer of Native Americans in North America Large groups of Native Americans wiped

out by smallpox and measles One tribe went from 24,000 to 750 in 15

years