Birth of Birth of European Nation European Nation

StatesStates

European European monarchies monarchies

consolidated power consolidated power and began forming and began forming nation-states in the nation-states in the

late medieval late medieval periodperiod

EnglandEngland

William the ConquerorWilliam the Conqueror Leader of the Norman ConquestLeader of the Norman Conquest United most of EnglandUnited most of England Domesday BookDomesday Book

King Henry II (1154-1189)King Henry II (1154-1189) Common Law had its beginnings during Common Law had its beginnings during

his reignhis reign Strengthened the Royal CourtsStrengthened the Royal Courts Unified Legal SystemUnified Legal System

EnglandEngland

King John (1199-1216)King John (1199-1216) Signed the Magna Carta, (Great Charter)Signed the Magna Carta, (Great Charter)

Limited the power of the kingLimited the power of the king Guaranteed certain basic political rightsGuaranteed certain basic political rights

No Taxation without representationsNo Taxation without representations Jury TrailJury Trail Protection of the lawsProtection of the laws Considered the basic rights both in England and Considered the basic rights both in England and

United StatesUnited States The 100 Years’ War between England and The 100 Years’ War between England and

France helped define England as a nation.France helped define England as a nation.

France France

Hugh Capet Hugh Capet established the established the French throne in French throne in Pairs, and his Pairs, and his dynasty gradually dynasty gradually expanded their expanded their control over most control over most of France.of France.

Joan of Arc was Joan of Arc was unifying factorsunifying factors

SpainSpain

Ferdinand and Isabella unified the Ferdinand and Isabella unified the country and expelled Muslim Moorscountry and expelled Muslim Moors

Spanish Empire in the Western Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere expanded under Philip Hemisphere expanded under Philip IIII

RussiaRussia

Ivan the Great threw off the rule of Ivan the Great threw off the rule of the Mongolsthe Mongols

Centralized power in MoscowCentralized power in Moscow Expanded the Russia nationExpanded the Russia nation Power was centralized in the hands Power was centralized in the hands

of the Tsarof the Tsar

The CrusadesThe Crusades

War to Free the Holy LandWar to Free the Holy Land

The CrusadesThe Crusades

Desire to free the Desire to free the Holy LandHoly Land

Desire to win Desire to win wealth and landwealth and land

Search for Search for adventureadventure

Europeans’ desire Europeans’ desire to escape trouble to escape trouble at Homeat Home

Key EventsKey Events

Alexius I Byzantine emperor, asked Alexius I Byzantine emperor, asked Pope Urban II for helpPope Urban II for help

Pope Urban’ s calls for a “holy war” Pope Urban’ s calls for a “holy war” to free the holy Land 1096to free the holy Land 1096

CrusadesCrusades

First and Second CrusadesFirst and Second Crusades Capture of Jerusalem, 1099Capture of Jerusalem, 1099 Set up 4 Crusader statesSet up 4 Crusader states Lost Jerusalem to Saladin 1187Lost Jerusalem to Saladin 1187

Third Crusade, European tried but Third Crusade, European tried but failed to recapture Jerusalem failed to recapture Jerusalem Richard the LionheartedRichard the Lionhearted

First First CrusadeCrusade

Effects of the CrusadesEffects of the Crusades

EconomyEconomy Increased tradeIncreased trade Money economy grewMoney economy grew

MonarchyMonarchy Increase power of feudal monarchsIncrease power of feudal monarchs Could collect taxes to support the Could collect taxes to support the

CrusadesCrusades Feudalism declined because power Feudalism declined because power

became more centralizedbecame more centralized

ChurchChurch Rise of Pope powerRise of Pope power Roman and Eastern Churches splitsRoman and Eastern Churches splits

WorldviewWorldview Increased contact with other peoplesIncreased contact with other peoples Increased travel by EuropeansIncreased travel by Europeans Wider world viewsWider world views

The End of the The End of the Middle AgesMiddle Ages

100 Years’ War100 Years’ War Who Who

England and FranceEngland and France CausesCauses

Edward III claimed the Crown of EnglandEdward III claimed the Crown of England OutcomeOutcome

Set England and France on different pathsSet England and France on different paths Greater sense of national feelingsGreater sense of national feelings

Key EventsKey Events Long Bow and CannonLong Bow and Cannon Joan of ArcJoan of Arc Parliament in England gained powerParliament in England gained power

Black DeathBlack DeathThe Bubonic PlagueThe Bubonic Plague

Impact of the Black DeathImpact of the Black Death Decline in populationDecline in population Scarcity of laborScarcity of labor Towns freed from Feudal obligationsTowns freed from Feudal obligations Decline of Church influenceDecline of Church influence Disruption of tradeDisruption of trade

Hundred Years’ WarHundred Years’ War BeforeBefore

Castles offered Castles offered adequate protectionadequate protection

Armored Knights Armored Knights dominated battlefielddominated battlefield

England and France England and France battle for the control battle for the control of Franceof France

AfterAfter England lost control of England lost control of

FranceFrance Longbow and cannon Longbow and cannon

undermined value of undermined value of knights and castlesknights and castles

Parliament gained Parliament gained power of the pursepower of the purse

French royal power French royal power extendedextended

Greater sense of Greater sense of national feelingsnational feelings

England look to England look to overseas trading overseas trading venturexsventurexs